THE 



SATIRES 



( 0" ' u 

I JUVENAL AND PERSIl 



A L AND PERSIUS, 



FROM THE TEXTS OF 



RUPERTI AND ORELLIUS 



ENGLISH NOTES, 

PARTLY COMPILED, AND PARTLY ORIGINAL 



SECOND EDITION. 



BY 

CHARLES WILLIAM STOCKER, D.D, 

late fellow of st. joiin's college, oxford; and principal of 
elizabeth college, guernsey, 



LONDON: 

PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, ORME, AND CO ; T. C A DELL ; BALDWIN AND CR ADOCK ', 
E. WILLIAMS; HAMILTON AND CO; WH1TTAKER AND CO; SIMPKIN, 
MARSHALL, AND CO ; J. SOUTER ; HOULSTON AND STONEMAN ; 
BOOKER AND DOLMAN ; AND J. H. PARKER, OXFORD. 

1839, 




BAXTER, PRINTER, OXFORD. 



ViCTOrt S. CLARK 
SEPT. 3, 1946 
fHt UbMARY OF GONGRE9S 



TO 



EDWARD CARDWELL 



D. D. 

PRINCIPAL OF ST. ALB AN HALL, 
AND CAMDEN FUOFESSOK OF ANCIENT HISTOKY, 

THE 

FOLLOWING WORK 

IS 

DEDICATED 
AS A MARK OF HIGH ESTEEM 



HIS OBLIGED AND FAITHFUL FRIEND 



c. w. s. 



Oxford, January 1, 1835. 



* <4>Af*s PREF AC E . 

The Editions from which the notes have been principally a 
selected are those following : 

1. The Variorum Edition of 1684. 

2. The Delphin Edition, 

3. Madan's Translation. 

4. Kcenig's Persius, Gotting. 1803. 

5. Ruperti's Juvenal, second edition, Lips. 1819. 

6. Gifford's Translations — of Juvenal, second edition, 
Lond. 1806.— of Persius, Lond. 1821. 

7. Duebner's Persius, Lips. 1833 b . 

8. Orellius's Eclogae Poetarum Latinorum c , second edi- 
tion, Turic. 1833. 

And, besides these printed editions, 

9. A translation of Persius, with notes, by Samuel Dennis, 
D.D. some time President of St. John's College*. 

The text of Juvenal is that of Ruperti 6 : where it differs 
from the text of his second edition, it will be found to 
accord with the maturer opinion of that editor, elsewhere 
expressed. The text of Persius is that of Orellius. The 
punctuation of neither has been servilely followed: and, for 
uniformity's sake, the orthography, previously adopted in 
Juvenal, has been adhered to in Persius. 



a For other authorities see the Index at the end of the Preface. 

b One of the best editions, containing the whole of Casaubon's notes. 

c Containing selections from Juvenal, and the whole of Persius. 

d This Manuscript was kindly communicated to the Editor by his friend 
Dr. Wynter, the present President of the College. 

e The reprint of Ruperti's Juvenal (with Koenig's Persius) Oxon. 1835, 
does not contain that editor's last corrections. 

b 



VI 



PREFACE. 



In extracting from the mass of Annotations whatever ap- 
peared necessary or useful, the Editor kept before his eyes 
Hearne's motto " suum cuique:" and when, as would often 
be the case, his own opinions or illustrations were antici- 
pated, he chose to relinquish them in silence rather than 
risk the imputation of plagiarism. Hence the earlier com- 
mentators will fill a more conspicuous place here than in the 
generality of modern editions: since, from Calderinus and 
Britannicus downwards, the annotators have been free in 
borrowing from their predecessors and sparing in acknow- 
ledgements. All observations to the prejudice of his fellow- 
labourers in the same field, it has been his wish to avoid: 
for the aid of each among them, however slight, he has felt 
grateful; and their occasional errors, from which none can 
be exempt, have (as far as rested with himself) been willingly 
consigned to oblivion. The initials denote the authorities 
from whom the substance of the notes is taken ; (though in 
the Variorum edition the actual annotator could not always 
be ascertained:) for such alone as are unappropriated, is the 
present Editor responsible. In verifying the references of his 
predecessors, or in supplying them when altogether omitted, 
much pains have been bestowed. 

The following brief memoir of our two Satirists is taken 
principally from Giffbrd. According to other authorities, 
Juvenal wrote many of his Satires after the age of eighty f , 
at which advanced time of life he was banished, and that by 
Trajan, whom he had complimented in the opening of the 
very Satire which formed the alleged grievance. The short 
time which the Editor had for the completion of the work, 
amidst other professional engagements, afforded little oppor- 
tunity of consulting his friends, where he required advice : 
any suggestions, therefore, which may supply the defects 

f Yet " Newton was, in his eighty-fifth year, improving his Chronology, 
a few days before his death ; and Waller appears not, in my opinion, to 
have lost, at eighty-two, any part of his poetical power." Young, too, 
published his " Resignation" on the other side of fourscore : yet there is 
no " proof of decaying faculties. There is Young in every stanza, such as 
he often was in his highest vigour." Johnson's Lives of the Poets. 



PREFACE. 



vii 



of this edition and increase its utility if reprinted, by ex- 
plaining what is difficult and elucidating what is obscure, 
as well as by rectifying its errors, will be received with 
gratitude K 

Decimus Junius Juvenalis was born in the reign of 
Caligula, about the year of our Lord 38, at Aquinum a town 
of the Volsci ; which in the thirteenth century, gave a name 
to another illustrious native, Thomas Aquinas, distinguished 
among the schoolmen by the title of " the Angelic Doctor." 
Of Juvenal's life but little can be collected; and, of this 
little, much is built upon uncertainties. From pride or 
modesty, he has left but few notices of himself. As to his 
circumstances indeed, he gives us to understand that he had 
a competence : the little patrimony, which his father (or 
foster-father) left him, he never diminished, and, probably, 
never increased: it seems to have equalled all his wants. 
The earliest account extant of him (which is commonly, and 
by Salmasius amongst others, attributed to Suetonius) has 
few marks of being written by a contemporary, and is very 
concise and meagre. He is said to have been either the 
son, or the foster-son, of a wealthy, freedman; who gave 
him a liberal education. Till the age of forty, (about 78 
A. D.) he continued to prosecute the study of eloquence, by 
declaiming according to the practice of those days: yet 
more for amusement, than from any intention to prepare 
himself either for the schools or for the courts of law. 

That system of favouritism, which under Claudius had 
nearly ruined the empire, Domitian, in the early part of his 
reign, showed symptoms of reviving by his unbounded par- 
tiality towards a young pantomimic dancer of the name of 
Paris. Against this minion Juvenal seems to have directed 
almost the first h shafts of that Satire, which was destined, in 

g [The Editor has, since, to acknowledge the favour of a letter from his 
friend and former master, the Reverend Thomas Kidd, M.A. (of Trinity 
College, Cambridge;) the valuable contents of which will not be neglected.] 

h We must except, perhaps, Satires ii and viii : see the Arguments. 



viii 



PREFACE. 



after years, to make the most powerful vices tremble. He 
composed a few lines, on the influence of Paris, with con- 
siderable success, which encouraged him to cultivate this 
kind of poetry: he had, however, the prudence not to 
commit himself to an auditory, in a reign which swarmed 
with informers, and only circulated his compositions pri- 
vately among his friends. By degrees he grew bolder; 
and, having made many large additions to his first sketch, 
if not recast it, produced what is now called Satire vii 1 , 
which he recited to a numerous assemblage, about 83 
A. D. The consequences were such as he might have antici- 
pated. Paris is said to have been informed of his own 
introduction into the piece, and to have taken such umbrage, 
as to lay a formal complaint of it before the emperor k . If, 
owing to this representation, Juvenal was banished from 
Rome, under the pretence of an appointment to a military 
command in Upper Egypt, his exile would be of no long 
duration; as the favourite was, almost immediately after, 
disgraced and put to death. That our author was in Egypt 
is certain 1 ; but he might have gone thither from motives 
of personal safety : for in 94 A. D. Domitian banished the 
philosophers from Rome, and soon after from Italy, with 
many circumstances of cruelty. Now, though Juvenal, 
strictly speaking, did not come under the description of a 
philosopher, yet, like the hare in the fable, he might not 
unreasonably entertain some apprehensions for his safety, 
and, with many other persons eminent for learning and 
virtue, might deem it prudent to withdraw from the city. 
We may therefore refer his journey into Egypt to this 
period: but it does not appear that he was ever long absent 
from Rome, where there is strong internal evidence to show 
that all his Satires were written. 

Whether his Egyptian voyage was matter of necessity or 
prudence, we find henceforth in our author the most intense 
hatred of tyranny; and his indignation is chiefly directed 

* See the Argument, and note on v. 1. 
k See notes on vii. 92, and viii. 244. 
1 Satire xv. 45. 



PREFACE. 



against the emperor himself, whose hypocrisy, cruelty, and 
licentiousness, now become the object of his keenest repro- 
bation. He did not, indeed, recite any more in public; but 
he continued to write during the remainder of Domitian's 
reign, to which period we may assign several of his Satires m . 
In 96 A. D. the world was happily relieved from the 
despotism of this tyrant: Nerva, who succeeded him, re- 
called the exiles. From this time, therefore, there can be 
little doubt of Juvenal's residing at Rome and pursuing his 
studies without further molestation. His first Satire after 
Domitian's death would seem to be S. iv n ; and now he 
began to revise for publication his previous writings, pre- 
fixing to them S. i°, by way of introduction. To this period 
we may also refer S. x p ; and S. xi, which probably closed 
his poetical career q : unless we suppose S. xvi, to be genuine 
and left in an unfinished state at the author's death r , which 
took place at an advanced age, when he was upwards of 
fourscore. 

Aulus Persius Flaccus was born in 32 A.D. at Volaterra, 
a town of Etruria. When six years old, he lost his father; 
and, being of a delicate constitution, was educated entirely 
at home, till the age of twelve. For the benefit of masters, 
the family then removed to Rome: where Persius was 
placed under the most celebrated instructors, Remmius 
Palsemon the grammarian, and Virginius Flavus the rhe- 
torician, with whom he made great proficiency. His mother, 
Fulvia Sisennia, had married again, and her house was the 
resort of many literary characters, mostly of the Stoic sect. 
On assuming the manly gown in his seventeenth year, he 

m Viz. iii, (see note on v. 153) v, (see note on v. 36) vi, (compare the 
Argument and note on v. 205) and perhaps, xiii, (see note on v. 17) and 
xi, (see note on v. 205.) 

n See the Argument. 

° See the Argument. 

P See notes on v. 25, and v. 78. 

1 See the Argument. 

r See the Argument. 



X 



PREFACE. 



appears to have somewhat abused the first moments of 
liberty 8 ; but soon, recovering from his delusion, he had 
recourse to Annseus Cornutus, an eminent Stoic and one of 
the professors who frequented his mother's house. In him 
he found a judicious guide and faithful friend for the re- 
mainder of his life; which was prematurely closed before 
the age of thirty. After leaving the bulk of his fortune, 
which was ample, to his mother and sister; he bequeathed 
his library (consisting of 700 books), a considerable quantity 
of plate, and a handsome legacy in money, to this learned 
and excellent man 1 , who generously relinquished the latter 
to the relatives of the deceased poet. 

This diversity of studies in the two authors before us has 
given a widely different character to their writings. In one 
we have the impassioned declaimer, in the other the uncom- 
promising moralist. Persius, though he borrowed much of 
the language of Horace, has little of his manner. The im- 
mediate object of his imitation appears to be Lucilius. If 
he lashes vice with less severity than his great prototype, 
we must bear in mind that he lived in perilous times; that 
he was of a rank sufficiently distinguished to make such 
freedom dangerous, and of an age when life had yet lost 
little of its novelty: to write, therefore, even as he has 
written, proves him to be a person of no ordinary courage 
and virtue. 

His writings are dramatic, after the manner of the Socratic 
dialogues: and an obscurity arises, sometimes, from the 
sudden change of characters", but more frequently, from a 
redundant use of tropes, (approaching in almost every in- 
stance to catachresis,) from an anxiety to compress his matter, 
and from a rapid and unexpected transition from one over- 
strained figure to another. 

Stoicism, which had infected poetry even in Cicero's days, 
had subsequently spread with amazing rapidity. Its general 

■ Sat. v. 30—40. 

I Prologue, note on v. 8. 

II See the opening of Sat. i. 



PREFACE. 



xi 



prevalence might be owing to the increase of profligacy, for 
which it furnished a convenient cloak. Not that such a re- 
mark applies to Persius, though brought up in this school: 
for he practised most scrupulously the virtue which he re- 
commends, and, at an age when few have acquired a decided 
character, left behind him an established reputation for 
genius, learning, and worth. To form a correct estimate of 
his merits, it is requisite to have gained some acquaintance 
with the leading tenets of the sect which he embraced with 
such ardour. The most prominent of these w r ere — the equality 
of all vices*: the division of all mankind into two distinct 
classes, the wise and the foolish, without any intermediate 
gradations 7 : the indissoluble concatenation of the virtues: 
and the indefectibility of wisdom; with its concomitant at- 
tributes of imperturbability and unmingled happiness, of 
genuine liberty 2 , real independence, and even absolute 
supremacy 3 . While, however, he was making great profi- 
ciency in the principles and paradoxes of the porch, Persius 
made but little advancement in that knowledge which is so 
essential for a Satirist, the knowledge of the world. At the 
political and moral degradation of his country he would seem 
to have felt no indignation ; at least, he expresses none. He 
dreams of no freedom but that enjoyed by the followers of 
Zeno; and the tyrants with whom he delights to grapple are 
always those of the mind. 

Juvenal, like Persius, professes to follow Lucilius b ; but 
w T hat was in one a simple attempt, is in the other a real 
imitation of his manner. Less of a courtier than Horace, 
and more a man of the world than his immediate precursor, 
he laboured with a magnificence of language peculiarly his 
own, to pourtray in the strongest colours the loveliness of 
virtue and the deformity of vice. What Horace had done 

* Sat. v. 119 sqq. 
Y Sat. v. 121 sqq. 
z Sat. v. 73 sqq. 

a " Paganism and Christianity compared :" in Lectures to the King's 
Scholars at Westminster by John Ireland, D.D. 8vo. 1814. 
b Juv. i. 19 sq. Pers. i. 114 sq. 



xii 



PREFACE. 



for decorum and taste, that Juvenal did for morals and 
liberty. Disdaining artifice of every kind, he boldly raised 
his voice against the usurpation of power. With the sword 
of satire which he fabricated for himself, he rushes from the 
palace to the tavern, from the gates of Rome to the boun- 
daries of the empire, and strikes without distinction who- 
ever deviates from the course of nature or the paths of 
honour . 

A stern and intrepid censor, an ardent and impetuous 
poet, at times he rises with his theme to the noblest heights 
of tragedy: though in the mere mechanical part of poetry, 
in the construction of his sentences and verses, he is gene- 
rally careless. Hence the frequent occurrence of the hiatus d , 
the constant omission of conjunctions 6 , and, in some places, 
the insertion of unmeaning words as mere props to the 
metre f . His memory and fancy, being thronged by a crowd 
of illustrations and examples, start off from one to another, 
seldom apparently with any other guide than the caprice of 
the moment; and often return as rapidly to resume the 
thread which had been dropped: and hence we find that 
the systematic discussion of the subject in hand is often in- 
verted, and often interrupted by abrupt transitions g : much 
of this, however, may be accounted for by considering a 
large portion of his present matter as added to the original 
sketches, upon subsequent revisions. If Juvenal seldom 
praises, it must be remembered that praise from him might 
not be unattended with danger. If his language be occa- 
sionally repugnant to all modern notions of delicacy, we 

c Dussaulx. 

a Note on i. 151. 

c Sat. vi. 65, note. iii. 216. v. 143. vi. 430.551. 648. viii. 27. 36. 49. 66. 
ix. 98. x. 101. xii. 46. xiii. 133. xiv. 102, 103. xv. 135. Heinecke. Gron. 
and Drak. on Livy x. 35. xxvii. 16. Oud. on Luc. i. 155. Duk.and Oud. on 
Suet. Aug. 5. Ruperti. Some of these Jacobs has endeavoured to get rid 
of, by inserting et after valvce ; iv. 63. honorem ; vii. 88. divitice ; x. 24. 
and in vi. 207, by introducing si before est. Misc. Phil. Matthiae, Alt. 1803. 
t. i. p. 80—92. 

f Sat. vi. 54. 

g Especially in Sat. vi. and Sat. x. 



PREFACE. 



xiii 



must bear in mind, not only the taste of those times 8 , but 
that Rome was then degraded into a sink of depravity. It 
is into this worse than Augaean den, that our bard turns the 
torrent of his resistless eloquence. We can scarcely be 
surprised, therefore, however we may regret, that the stream 
is here and there sullied with a taint of the foul pollutions 
which it sweeps away. 

It was not left optional with the present Editor to insert or 
reject such passages as might appear to him objectionable: 
therefore, by way of rendering them as harmless as possibles 
he has, wherever he could, given such a paraphrase as might 
convey the sense divested of the grossness. 

s Pers. iv. 35, note. 



In return for the patronage with which the Public has 
honoured the first edition of the present work, it has been 
endeavoured to render this reprint more deserving of con- 
tinued favour, by correcting the oversights and completing 
the defective quotations, as well as by introducing references 
to the notes in the volume of Livy which has just issued from 
the press. 



Oxford, July 20//*, 1838, 



C 



INDEX OF AUTHORITIES. 



[ When the initials are enclosed in a parenthesis, the reference is to the note of 
that Commentator on the passage or passages immediately preceding.] 



A, 



ACH. 
AD. 

AL. 

AN. 



AR 
AS. 



*Alexander ab Alexandro, 

Geniales Dies, 1510 
t Achaintre, Nicholas Lewis, 1810 
Adam, Alexander, LL.D. 

Roman Antiquities, &c. 1790 
*Alciat, Andrew, 

Praetermiss. 1540 
Anthon, Charles, 
Ed. ofLemp.Class. Diet. 1827 
ANON. The Author of " High Birth." 

[seep. 199.] 1821 
Arcerius, John, 1598 
tAscensius, [Josse Badius of 
Assche] 1498 
Barth, Caspar, 

Observations ; Statius ; 
purnius; Claudian, &c. 
Bahrdt, Charles Frd. 

German Version, 
Barnes, Joshua, D.D. 

Anacreon ; Euripides, &c. 
*Beroaldo, Philip, 
Annotations, &c. 
B urges, George, 

iEschylus, 
Bouhier, John, 

Remarks on Cic. T. Q. 1737 
Brb'ckhuisen, John, 

Propertius ; Tibullus, 1707 
Blomfield, Charles James, D.D. 
(Bishop of London) 
^Eschylus, 1812 
Badham, Charles, M.D. 

Trans 1. of Juvenal, 1814 
Bbttiger, Charles Augustus, 



B. 



BA. 



BAR. 



BE. 



BG. 
BE. 



Cal- 
1650 

1781 

1720 

1514 

1831 



BK 
BL, 



BM 
BO. 



1803 



BOI. 



Sabina, 
Boissonade, John Francis, 
NicetasEugenianus, &c. 
BOH. Bourdin, Giles, 

Gr. Schol.on Aristoph. 
BR. *Brisson, Barnabas, 

Formularies, 
BRE. Bredenkamp, Herman, 

Magazin fur bffentliche Schu- 
len und Schullehrer. 
BRI. *Britannicus [s. Angelus], John, 
Commentaries, 1486 



1819 



1545 



1505 



BRO. 
BRU. 
BU. 

BW. 

BX. 

BY. 

CA. 
CAE. 

CAN. 
CAR. 
CAS. 

CE. 
CK. 
CE. 
CO. 
[CR. 

cu. 

D. 
DB. 
DD. 

DI. 
DM. 

DN. 

DO. 



*Brodeau, John, 

Miscellanies, 1550 
Brunck, Richard Francis Philip, 
Analecta ; Sophocles, 1785 
Burman, Peter, 

Petronius; Ovid; Quintilian; 
V. Flaccus; Phaedrus; Latin 
Anthology; Virgil, 1709 
Brewster, Th. 

Transl. of Persius, 1751 
Baxter, William, 

Horace; Anacreon, 1701 
Bentley, Richard, D.D. 

Horace; &c. 1727 
*Camerarius, Joachim, 1564 
*Calderinus, Domitius, [Domi- 
nic de Caldariis,] 
Commentary, 1475 
*Canter, William, 

Animadversions, &c. 1564 
Cardwell, Edward, D.D. 

Lectures on Anc. Coins, 1832 
*^Casaubon, Isaac, 

Spartian ; Theophrastus ; 

1605 



Athenasus, &c 
Cerda, John Lewis de la, 

Virgil, 1608 
Clarke, Samuel, D.D. 

Homer, 1720 
Claverius, Stephen, 

Commentary, 1607 
Corte, Theophilus, 

Sallust; Pliny, 1724 
Crevier, John Baptist Lewis, 
Livy, 1735] 
*Cunams, Peter, LL.D. 

On the Heb. Repub. &c. 1615 
Dryden, John, Transl. 3 1697 
+Duebner, Frederic, 1833 
Drummond, Sir William, 

Transl. of Persius, 1797 
Didot, Firmin, 1810 
Dempster, Thomas, 1620 
Dennis, Samuel, D.D. 

Ms. Transl. of Persius, 1 775 
*Dorleans, Lewis, 

Comment, on Tacitus, 1622 



a Satires i. iii. vi. x. xvi. and all of Persius, by Drvden himself; ii. xv. by N. 
Tate ; iv. by Richard Duke ; v. by William Bowles ; vii. by Charles Dryden ; viii. 
by George Stepney ; ix. by Stephen Hervey; xi. by William Congreve ; xii. by 
Thomas Power; xiii. by Thomas Creech ; xiv, by John Dryden, junior. 



XVI 



INDEX OF AUTHORITIES. 



D'O. D'Orville, James Philip, 

Chariton, &cc. 1750 
DCE. Doring, Frederic William, 

Catullus, &c. 1790 
DR. Prakenborch, Arnold, 

Silius; Livy, 1720 
[DT. Donatus, Marcellus, 

Notes on Livy, 1604] 
DU. Duker, Charles Andrew, 

Florus; Livy, 1731 
DX. Dussaulx, John, 

Traduction Francaise, 1770 

The same, with notes, 1796 

E. *Erasmus, Desid. Adages, 1526 
[ED. The Editor's compilation of notes 

on Livy; now first added, 1838] 
EG. *Egnatius, John Baptist, 

Annotations, 1514 
ER. Ernesti, John Augustus, 

Clavis Ciceroniana •, Tacitus; 
Suetonius; Cicero, 1736 

F. Facciolati, James, Lex. 1756 

FA. *jFarnaby, Thomas, 1612 
FAB. Fabricius, Francis, 

Orosius, &c. 1582 
Fabricius, Jo. Albert, Dio. 1700 

FB. Fabra, Anna, 

Florus; Dictys, 1674 
FE. 'Ferrari, Octavius, 

On Ancient Diess, &c. 1642 
FL. *Flavius, Ptolemy, 

Conjectanea, 1600 
FLO. *Floridus-Sabinus, Francis, 

Lectiones Subcisivae, 1602 
FR. Fioidmont, Libettus, S.T.P. 

Notes on Seneca, 1640 
FRE. Frere, the rt. hon. John H. 

Observations, 1317 

G. Gifford, William, Transl. 1802 
GA. *Gataker,Thomas,Antoninus,1652 
GE. Gesner, Jo. Matthias, 

Claudian ; Columella ; Quin- 
tilian, &c. 1759 
GI. Gierig, Theophilus Erdm. 

Pliny ; Ovid Met. 1784 
GR. *$Le Grange, Isaac, 1614 
GRJE. b Graevius, John George, 

Cicero, &c. 1684 
GRO. Gronov, John Frederic, 
— Gronov, James, 

Livy ; Seneca ; Plautus, 1645 
GR07'. Groot, Hugh de, 

M. Capella, 1599 
GRU. Gruter, John, 

Inscriptions, &c. 1611 
GU. Gurlitt, Jh.Gf.Animadvers. 1801 
GY. *Giraldi, Lilio Gregory, 

Dialogues, 1553 



H. 

HA. 

HAR, 

HB. 

HE. 

HEE. 

HER, 
HEU 
HG. 

HK. 

HN. 
HO. 

HP. 

HR. 

HU. 

HV. 

II Y. 

I. 



Heinsius, Nicholas, 

Ovid; Propertius ; Claudian; 

Silius; V. Flaccus, &c. 1658 
Hardouin, John, 

Pliny ; Cicero Tusc. Q. 1685 
Maries, Theophilus Chrph. 

C. Nepos; OvidTrist. 1800 
Heubach, Charles Chr. 

Roman Polity, 1788 
He>ault, Didier, 

Adversaria, &c. 1599 
Heeren, Arnold Herman Lewis, 

Ideen iiber die Politik, 1793 
Hermann, Godfrey, 1802 
See HB. 

Ilaugwitz, Otto Graf von, 

Germ. \ r ers. of Juvenal, 1818 
Ileinecke, Jh. Rudolph Aug. 

Animadversions, 1804 
|Henninius, Henry Christn. 1685 
Ilolyday, Rarten, 

Translation, 1620 
Hopfoer, Jh. Geo. Chr. 

Sophocles, 1822 
Heinrich, Charles Frederic, 

Comments, 1806 
Huschke, Emanuel Theophilus, 
1800 



1718 



Anal. Critic. 
Havercamp, Sigbert, 

Tertullian, &c. 
Heyne, Christian Theophilus, 

Virgil; Tibullus; Apollod.1767 
Ireland, John, D.D. (Dean of 
Westminster) 
Lectures; &c. 1801 
J. *Junius, Adrian, Scholia, 1565 
J A. Jacobs, Frederic, 

Emendations; Analecta ; Gr. 
Anthology, 1803 
JB. Jablonski, Paul Ernest, 

Egyptian Pantheon, &c. 1750 
JD. *Dousa, Jauus, Comment. 
JN. Jani, Chr. David, Horace, 
JO. Jortin, John, D.D. Tracts, 
JS. *Scaliger, Joseph Justus, 

Explanat. ; Ausonius ; Cato ; 
Propertius; Virgil; Catullus; 
Manilius, &c. 
K. iKdnig, George Lewis, 

Claudian, 
KE. See KN. 
KI. Kirchmann, John, 

On Roman Funerals, 
KL. Klotz, Chr. Ad. Tyrta^us, 
KN. Kennett, Basil, 

Roman Antiquities, 
KP. Kdppen.Jh.Hnr.Just. Homer, 1787 
KU. Kuster, Ludolf, Suidas, 1705 



1600 
1778 
1790 



1607 
1803 



1605 
1767 

1704 



b This is also annexed to some of the anonymous Variorum notes in the former 
pnrt of Juvenal. 



INDEX OF AUTHORITIES, 



xvii 



L. Longolius, Paul Daniel, 

Pliny Epistles, 1734 
LA. Larcher, Peter Henry, 

Herodotus, &c. 1802 
LI. *Lipsius, Justus, 

On the Military Affairs of 

Rome; Tacitus; Seneca, 1607 
LM. Lambin, Denis, 

Commentaries on Horace ; 
&c. 1560 
LN. Lindenbruch, Frederic, 

Notes; Ammian, 1590 
LO. *Loensis, James Nicholas, 

Epiphillida, 1590 
LU. *$Lubin, Eilhard, 1602 

LZ. Lenz, Annal.Liter.Goth.1802 

M. Mad an, Martin, Translation, 1789 
MA. ^Marshall, Thomas, 1723 
MAR. Marcilius, Theodore, 

Commentaries on Pers. 1601 
ME. *Meursius, John, 

Lycophron ; Exerc. Crit. 1597 
MEN. Menage, Giles, D. Laert. 1664 
MG. *Maggi, Jerome, 

Miscellanies, 1564 
MI. Mitscherlich, Christoph. William, 

Horace, 1800 
MIT. Mitchell, Thomas, M.A. 

Aristophanes, 1820 
MNC. *MancinelIus, Anthony, 

Commentaries, 1492 
MNS. Manso, John Caspar Frederic, 

Observations, 1812 
MAT. *Manutius, Aldus, (the younger) 

Quaest. 1564 
MS. Meister, John Chrst. Frd. 

Commentary on Pers. 1801 
MU. *Muretus,Mark Anthony Francis, 

Various Readings, &c. 1559 
MJ/JV.Muncker, Thomas, 

Hyginus; Fulgentius, 1674 
O. Oudendorp, Francis van, 

Lucan ; Suetonius, &c. 1728 
OB. Oberlin, Jeremiah James, 

. Tacitus; Vib. Sequens, 1800 
OL. Olearius, Gf. Philostratus, 1709 
OR. +Orelli, John Caspar, 1833 
OU. Ouzel, James, M. Felix, 1652 
OW. Owen, Edward, 

Transl. of Juvenal, 1785 
P. *Pierius, Joh. 1540 
PA. *Parrhasius, Janus, [Joannes 

Paulus Parisius] Epist. 1520 
PAN. Panvinius, Humphrey, 

Antiquities, &c. 1580 
PAS. Passerat, John, 

Propertius, 1755 
PE. Petit, Samuel, 

Commentaries, Sec. 1630 



PER. Perizonius, James, 

.Elian, &c. 1701 
PI. *Pius, John Baptist, 

Annotations, 1520 
PL. Plathner, Gunther Henry, 

Lectures, 1637 
PM. +Plum, Frederic, 1827 
PO. *Politian, Angelo, 

Annotations, 1499 
PR. tPrateus, Lewis, 

Delphin Edition, 1684 
PT. Patrick, Simon, D.D. (Bishop 
of Ely) 

Comment, on Old Test. 1695 
PTtf. *$Pithou, Peter, 1585 
PTR. Potter, John, D.D. (Abp. of 
Canterbury) 

Lycophron; Greek Antiq. 1702 
PfJL.*tP61mann, Theod. 

Annotations; 1565 
PV. ±Passow, Francis, 1808 
Q. Quatremere de Quincy, Ant.Chrys. 

Le Jupiter Olympien, 1815 
R. fRuperti, George Alexander, 

Silius Italicus, 1801 
RA. Rambach, Jo. Jacob, 

On Potter's Gr. Arch. 1775 
RB. Rubens, Albert, 

Antiquities, 1665 
RD. Rader, Matth. 

Martial, 1607 
REI. Reimar, Herman Samuel, 

Dio Cassius, 1750 
REU. Reuvens, Caspar Jac. Chr. 

Collectanea Lit. Lugd. 1815 
RF. Ruhkopf, Frd. Em. Seneca, 1800 
RH. *Rhodiginus, Lewis Ccelius, 

Lectiones Antiquae, 1516 
RI. **Rigault, Nicholas, 1613 
RK. Ruhnken, David, 

V. Paterculus; Sueton. 1768 
RL. Raoul, L. V. 

Fr. Transl. of Persius, 1811 
RM. Ramiresius de Prado, Laurence, 

Martial, 1607 
RO. Dillon, Wentworth, 

(Earl of Roscommon) 1660 
RU. * Rutgers, John, 

Variae Lectiones, 1618 
SA. *Saumaise, Claude, 

Plin. Exerc. on Solinus; Spar- 
tiau ; Vopiscus, &c. 1689 
SB. Stieber, George Frd. Steph. 

Conjectanea, 1786 
SC. Scioppius, Caspar, 1596 
SCH. C tSchrevelius, Cornelius, 

Variorum Edition, 1648 
SCO. *Scoppa, Lucius John, 

Collectanea, 1517 



Annexed to some of the anonymous Variorum notes in the latter part of Juvenal. 



xviii 



INDEX 01 AUTHORITIES. 



SF. Schafer, Godfrey Henry, 

Sophocles, &c. 1810 
SG. *Schegk, James, Praem. 1590 
SGN.Schbttgen, Christian, 

Columella, 1745. 1790 

SIG. Sigonius, Charles, 

On the Rom. Civil Law, 1590 
SL. Schleusner, John Frederic, 

Lexicon, 1791 
SM. Schmid, Erasmus, Pindar, 1616 
SN. Schneider, John Theophilus, 

Script. Rei Rusticae, 1775 
SP. Spanheim, Ezekiel, 

On Coins; Callimachus; Ju- 
lian, &c. 1670 
SPA. Spalding, George Lewis, 

Quintilian, 1800 
SR. Schurzfleisch, Conr. Sam. 

Animadversions, 1717 
ST. '{Stephens, Robert, 1544 
STA. Stapylton, Sir Robert, 

Translation of Juvenal, 1647 
STE. Stelluti, Francis, 

Italian Vers, of Persius, 1630 
SV. Servius Maurus, Virgil, 420 
SW. Schweighaeuser, John, 

Appian ; Herodotus ; Athe- 
naeus, 1785 
SZ. Schwartz, Christian Theophilus, 

Pliny Panegyric ; 1735 
T. *Turnebe, Adrian, 

Adversaria, 1555 
TA. Taylor, John, LL.D. 

Civil Law, 1754 
TB. Taubman, Frederic, 

Plautus, 1605 
TH. *Thysius, Anthony, 

Antiquities and Miscell. 1653 



TI. Tiraquellus, Andrew, 

Annotations on A. 1 594 

TO. Torrentius, Lsevinus, 

Horace; Suetonius, 1578 
TZ. Tzetzes, Isaac, Lycophron, 1546 
U. Ursinus, Fulvius, 

Livy; Varro, 1587 
V. *| Valla, George, 1486 
VA. Valois, Adrian, Notes, 1683 
F^L.Valois, Henry, Ammian, 1636 
VK. Valckenar, Lewis Caspar, 

Euripides, &c. 1768 
VL. Valois, Charles, (son of Adr.) 

Notes, 1699 
VO. *Vos, Gerard John, 

Vos, Gerard, 

Vos, Isaac, 

Virgil ; Paterculus ; Catul- 
lus, &c. 1630 &c. 
VS. Old Scholiast 
VU. Volpi, John Anthony, 

Commentary; Propertius; Ca- 
tullus, &c. 1740 
W. Wakefield, Gilbert, 

Lucretius, &c. 1813 
WB. {Weber, Ernest William, and 

William Ed. 1825 
WE. WcrnsdorfT, John Christian, 

Lesser Latin Poets, &c. 1780 
WEI. Weichert, Jonathan Augustus, 

Val. Flaccus, 1818 
WJE. Wieland, Cph. Mt. 

Horace ; Germ. Vers, of Aris- 
tophanes, 1794 
WO. Wolf, Fr. Aug. Plato, 1812 
WS. Wesseling, Peter, 

Diodorus Siculus; Herodotus, 
&c. 1746 



* These authors occur in the Variorum List; which also includes 



Boethius (de Boodt), Anselm, 


1636 


Delrio, Martin Anthony, 


1580 


Bond, John, 


1614 


Leopardus, Paul, 


1568 


Bongars, James, 


1587 


Manilius 




Bude, William, 


1520 


Marcellinus 


536 


Carrio, Lewis, 


1604 


Mercerus, Nicholas, 




Castalio, Joseph, 


1608 


Puteanus, Erycius, 


1620 


Crucius, James, 


1600 


Realinus, Bernard, 


1600 



% Editors of Juvenal and Persius. 
t Editors of Juvenal only. 
+ Editors of Persius only. 



THE 

SIXTEEN SATIRES 

OF 

DECIMUS JUNIUS JUVENALIS. 



^C^T The Satires of Juvenal are sometimes divided into five Books : of which 
Book I contains Satires i — v ; Book II, Sat. vi ; Book III, Sat. vii — ix ; Book IV, 
Sat. x — xii : and Book V, Sat. xiii — xvi. 



THE 



SATIRES 

OF 

DECIMUS JUNIUS JUVENALIS. 



SATIRE I. 



ARGUMENT. 

This Satire was probably composed subsequently to most of the others, 
and as a kind of Introduction; it was, apparently, written at that 
period of life, when the dignity derived from years and the intrepidity 
of conscious rectitude entitled the Poet to assume a tone of authority. 

He breaks silence with an impassioned complaint of the clamorous impor- 
tunity of bad poets, and with the humorous resolution of paying them off 
in their own coin by turning writer himself, 1 sqq. After ridiculing the 
frivolous taste of his contemporaries in the choice of their subjects, 7- 52. 
he intimates his own determination to devote himself wholly to Satire ; 
to which he declares, with all the warmth of virtuous indignation, that 
he is driven by the vices of the age, 19. 30. 52. 63. 79. 

He then exposes the profligacy of the women, 22. 69. the luxury of up- 
starts, 24. the baseness of informers 32. and fortune-hunters, 37- the 
treachery of guardians, 45. the peculation of public officers, 47- and the 
general corruption of manners, 55. 73. 

Kindling with his theme, he censures the general avidity for gaming, 87- 
the selfish gluttony of the patricians, 94. 135. their sordid avarice, 
100. 117- and the abject state of poverty and dependence in which they 
kept their clients and retainers, 132 — 146. 

Finally, he makes some bitter reflections on the danger of satirizing living 
villainy, 150. and concludes with a determination to elude its vengeance 
by attacking it under the names of the dead, 170. 

In this as in every other Satire, Juvenal's great aim is to expose and reprove 
vice, however sanctioned by custom or countenanced by the great. G. R. 

* 

B 



'2 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. I. 



Semper ego auditor tantum ? numquamne reponam, 
Vexatus toties rauci Theseide Codri ? 
Impune ergo mihi recitaverit ille togatas, 
Hie elegos ? impune diem consumserit ingens 
5 Telephus? aut summi plena jam margine libri 
Scriptus et in tergo, nec dum finitus Orestes ? 



1. The Romans were in the habit of 
reciting their literary productions either 
in private circles, or in public assemblies. 
The latter were held sometimes in the 
temple of Apollo, sometimes in spacious 
mansions, either hired, or lent for the 
purpose by a wealthy patron, who ex- 
pected the attendance of his clients and 
dependents to swell the audience and 
applaud the author, cf. vii. 40. Pers. 
prol. 7. Hor. I S. iv. 73. M. I S. hi. 
86. II E. ii. 67. A very picturesque 
passage of Pliny describes the listlessness 
which pervaded such meetings : lente 
cunctanterque veniunt, nec tamen per- 
manent, sed ante Jinem recedunt ; alii dis- 
simnlanter et furtim, alii simpliciter et 
libere; I E. xiii. G. PR. II E. xiv. R. 

' Reponere' is a metaphor taken from 
repayment of a debt incurred : possum 
jam repetere recession, et scribere uliqitid, 
quod non recitem ; ne videar, quorum reci- 
tationibus adfui, non auditor fuisse, sed 
creditor: nam tit in cceteris rebus, ita in 
audiendi officio, perit gratia si reposcatur ; 
Plin. I E. GR. It is equivalent to par 
pari rcferre, PR- as ira est cvpiditas do- 
loris reponendi ; Sen. de I. i, 3. HK. 

2. Horace amusingly describes the per- 
tinacity of these declaimers, A. P. 474 
sqq. PR. 

' The Theseid' was an epic poem, of 
which Theseus was the hero. In like man- 
ner we have the Odusseis of Homer, the 
JEncis of Virgil, the Achilleis of Statius, &c. 

Of this Codrus little is known ; he is 
probably different from the Codrus men- 
tioned hi. 203. G. He is ' hoarse' from 
constant recitation (FA. cf. vi. 515. 
Mart. IV. viii. 2. X. v. 4. R.) and pom- 
pous declamation. Prcelcgat ut tumidus 
rauca te voce magister ; Mart. VIII. iii. 
15. cf. Pers. i. 14. HK. 

3. Accoidingto Lydus (de Mag. i. 40.) 
the (mMos (or Fabula) was divided into 
(1) T^ayuVta, and (II) Kufiu^ia : Tgu- 
yooh'ia wassubdivided into (i) K^cr/SaTa*, 
and (ii) U^etirt^riira, b , according as the 
stories were Greek or Roman : KupuYiu, 
into (i) naXX<ara b (Greek, as in Terence 
after Menander), (ii) Toydrx^ (Roman, 



as in Afranius, VS.), (iii) 'Ar$XXuvn c 
(farce, acted by amateurs), vi. 71. (iv) 
Ta/3s^»a^/a d (low comedy), (v) 'Ptv0uvixk e 
(burlesque tragedy), (vi) TlXuviTiha^ioe, f 
(the actors wore the recinium, see F.) 
viii. 191. and (vii) Mif&ixb (low farce, 
acted by mummers). ( a ) From the ac- 
tors wearing Xivxcts K^n^as . (b) From 
the respective dresses, prcetexta, pallium, 
and toga. JS. ( c ) From Atella, a town 
of the Osci, in Campania. F. ( d ) Because 
' shopkeepers, &c.' were the classes repre- 
sented. ( e ) From Rhintho, one of the 
authors. ( f ) From being acted not on a 
raised stage. REU. PrcBtcxtcediXid Togatce 
are sometimes used as the generic terms 
for ' Tragedy' and ' Comedy ;' Hor. A. P. 
287. cf. Virg. IE. i. 286. PR. R, 

4. These poems consisted of hexameter 
aud pentameter verses alternately, which 
metre is hence called • elegiac' cf. Hor. 
A. P. 75 sqq. M. cf. Pers. i. 51. HR. 

Consumserit [Livy xxvii, 13, 3. ED.] 
Auditur toto scope poeta die ; Mart. VIII. 
lxx. 10. PR. Ingens, ' bulky, lengthy, 
pompous ;' cf. Hor. A. P. 96 sq. R. 

5. Telephus, son of Hercules and Auge, 
the hero of this tedious tragedy, was a king 
of Mysia, who was mortally wounded by 
the spear of Achilles, but afterwards 
healed by the rust of the same weapon. 
Ov. Tr. V. ii. 15. PR. Vulnus et auxi- 
lium Pelias hasta tulit ; Ov. R. A. 47 sq. 
LU. 

It was usual to leave ' a margin,' and 
not to write on the outside or ' back' of 
the parchment. LU. cf. Mart. VIII. Ixii. 
PR. Sidon. Ap. viii. 16. GR. margo, in 
Ovid, is masculine. VS. Liber primarily 
means * the inner bark of a tree ;' hence 
it was secondarily applied to ' a book 
made of that rind,' and afterwards to 1 any 
book,' whatever the materials of it might 
be. M. Folium experienced a correspond- 
ing succession of significations. F. 

6. Sceriis agitatus Orestes, Virg. JE. iv. 
471. son of Agamemnon and Clytaemnes- 
tra, figures conspicuously in many Sn ex- 
tant tragedy; the Choephorce and Eume- 
nides of yEschylus, the Electra of Sopho- 
cles, the Orestes, the Iphigenia in Tauris, 



SAT. I. 



OF JUVENAL. 



8 



Nota magis nulli domus est sua, quam mihi lucus 
Martis et iEoliis vicinum rupibus antrum 
Vulcani. Quid agant venti, quas torqueat umbras 

1 yEacus, unde alius furtivae devehat aurum 
Pellicula?, quantas jaculetur Monychus ornos, 
Frontonis platani convulsaque marmora clamant 
Semper et assiduo ruptae lectore columnae. 
Exspectes eadem a summo minimoque poeta ! 

15 Et nos ergo manum ferulae subduximus, et nos 



and the Electra of Euripides. PR. cf. Hor. 
A. P. 124. II S. iii. 132 sqq. 

7. Hall has imitated this passage ; 
" No man his threshold better knows, 
than I Brute's first arrival and his vic- 
tory, St. George's sorrel and his cross of 
blood, Arthur's round board, or Cale- 
donian wood ; But so to fill up books, 
both back and side, What boots it, &c." 
G. Teneo melius ista quam meum nomen ; 
Mart. IV. XXXvii. 7. Qetrrov roilvofta 
'(xatrros ahruv (ruv Tal^uv) \<r 1X0.601*0 
toZ Vargas, ri rug 'O^iffrou act) YluXo^ov 
7r^a\\m ityvowM' Luc. Tox. 6. R. 

' The grove of Mars' might be that in 
which Ilia gave birth to Romulus and 
Remus, the twin sons of Mars : VS. or 
any one of the numerous groves of this 
deity ; EG. as lucus Diana is used, Hor. 
A. P. 16. cf. Pers. i. 70. PR. 

8. ' The iEolian rocks, 5 or Vulcanian 
islands, were seven in number, and are 
now called the Lipari isles. GR. cf. 
Virg. JE. i. 56 sqq. M. Luc. v. 609. R. 

9. ' The cave of Vulcan' and the 
Cyclops, in Mount iEtna ; cf. xiii. 45. 
Virg. JE. viii. 416 sqq. GR. 

Tedious descriptions of the natural 
agency of ' the Winds' may be alluded 
to ; or fables of the loves of Boreas and 
Orithyia, Ov. M. vi. 238. M. R. of Ze- 
phyrus and Chloris, &c. 

10. The ghosts were tortured into 
confession: Virg. M. vi. 566 sqq. M. 
Some divide the duties of the three 
judges of hell, making the office of 
Rhadamanthus inquisitorial, that of Mi- 
nos judicial, and that of ^Eacus ex- 
ecutive. PR. Others supposed that 
iEacus, as an European, was the judge 
of European shades ; but that Minos and 
Rhadamanthus, who were natives of 
Asia, judged the Asiatics. Plato in extr. 
Gorg. et Min. R. 

Jason eloped from Colchis with Medea, 



and carried off ' the golden fleece' un- 
known to iEetes. GR. Argonautics 
were composed by Orpheus and Apol- 
lonius among the Greeks, and Valerius 
Flaccus among the Latins. PR. Our 
author, who hated the Flavian family, 
might be prejudiced against Flaccus, 
who paid them court. G. 

11. Mnnychus, (po'vos ' single' ovv% 

I hoof PR.) the Centaur, distinguished 
himself in combat with the Lapithse. 
cf. Ov. Met. xii. 499 sqq. V. Flac i. 
145 sqq. GR2E. Aspera te Pholoesfran- 
gentem, Monyche, saxa ; teque sub GLtoeo 
torquentem vertice vulsas, Rhozce ferox, 
quas vix Boreas inverleret, ornos; Luc. vi. 
388 sqq. R. 

12. Julius Fronto, a munificent patron 
of literature, LU. was thrice consul, and 
a colleague of Trajan. His mansion and 
grounds were thrown open to the public. 
PR. G. We find the house of Macu- 
lonus, vii. 40. and that of Stella, Mart. 
IV. vi. 5. lent for similar rehearsals. 
The name of Fronto was common to 
many Romans. R. 

' Plane-trees,' on account of their lux- 
uriant shade, were great favourites with 
the ancients, cf. Plat. Phasdr. p. 388. A. 
Cic. de Or. I. vii. 28. Prop. II. xxxii. 

II sqq. HR. R. 

The 4 marbles' were either those with 
which the walls were built, or inlaid ; 
BRI. or the marble pavements, columns, 
and statues of Fronto's villa. M. Con- 
vulsa, clamant, and ruptcs must be taken 
hyperbolically, as canlu queruloe r u m- 
pent arbusta cicadce ; Virg. G. iii. 328. 
GRM. 

14. Scribimus indocti doctique poemata 
passim; Hor. II E. i. 117. BRI. Mar- 
tial appears to have entertained an 
equally mean opinion of these hackneyed 
subjects : IV. xlix. X. iv. G. 

15. Juvenal means that he had known 



4 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. I. 



Consilium dedimus Sullae, privatus ut altum 
Dormiret. Stulta est dementia, quum tot ubique 
Vatibus occurras, periturae parcere chartae. 
Cur tamen hoc potius libeat decurrere campo, 

20 Per quern magnus equos Auruncae flexit alumnus, 
Si vacat et placidi rationem admittitis, edam. 
Quum tener uxorem ducat spado, Maevia Tuscum 
Figat aprum et nuda teneat venabula mamma ; 
Patricios omnes opibus quum provocet unus, 

25 Quo tondente gravis juveni mihi barba sonabat; 
Quum pars Niliacae plebis, quum verna Canopi 



what it was to be a schoolboy. Ferulae 
tristes, sceptra pcedagogorum, Mart. X. 
lxii. 10. were used as ' the cane' to 
punish scholars by striking them across 
the palm. PR. It was natural for boys 
to withdraw their hand when the blow 
was coming. M. 

Ergo, ' with that object in view.' R. 

16. Boys were taught Rhetoric by 
having a thesis proposed on which they 
were to take the opposite sides of the 
question, cf. vii. 150 sqq- Senec. Suas. 
iii. v. vi. vii. Ciceroni dahimus consilium, 
ut Antoniumroget, vel Philippicas exurat ; 
Quint. III. viii. 46. R. The subject 
which Juvenal had to handle was of the 
deliberative kind, advising L. Corn. Sulla 
to retire from public life. Sulla did 
resign the perpetual dictatorship ; and 
died the following year. For his cha- 
racter, see Sail. B. J. and Val. Maxim, 
ix. 2. LU. PR. Prince Henry thus 
apostrophises his father's crown : " Golden 
care ! That keep'st the ports of slumber 
open wide To many a watchful night! — 
Sleep with it now ! Yet not so sound, 
and half so deeply sweet, As he, whose 
brow, with homely biggin bound, Snores 
out the watch of night;" K. H. iv. pt. li. 
A. IV. sc. iv. 

19. The metaphor is taken from the 
chariot races in the Campus Martius, M. 
or in the Circensian games, cf. Ov. Fast, 
ii. 360. iv. 10. vi. 586, &c. R. 

20. 1 Lucilius,' a native of Suessa, 
(which was afterwards called S. Aurunca, 
from the A urunci migrating thither when 
pressed by a war with the Sidicini,) was 
the first regular satirist. JS. LU. G. He 
wrote thirty books. R. 

22. Roman ladies ' married eunuchs' 
io avoid having a family, vi. 368. BRI. 



Spectacula magnijica assidue et sump- 
tuosa edidit (Domitianus) ; — venaliones 
gludiatoresque; — nec virorum modopugnas, 
sed et feminarum ; Suet. Dom. 4. cf. vi. 
246 sqq. Mart. Spect. ep. vi. Tac. An. 
xv. 33. Stat. Sylv. I. vi. 53. Severus 
put a stop to this disgraceful practice : 
Xiphil. Sev. lxxv. 16. BRI. LI. Mcevia 
denotes no individual in particular. R. 
' The Tuscan boars' were said to be 
peculiarly fierce. GR/E. The epithet, 
however, may be merely ornamental, as 
Marsns apei- ; Hor. 1 Od. i. 28. R. 

23. Such was the costume both of the 
Amazons and of huntresses ; as of Pen- 
thesilea, Virg. JE. i. 492. of Camilla, Id. 
xi. 649. of Asbyte, Sil. ii. 78. and of 
Diana; Id. xii. 715. R. 

24. The person here meant is either 
Licinus the freedman and barber of Au- 
gustus, (Hor. A. P. 301.); or rather 
Cinnamus, (x. 225.) qui t on sor fuerut 
tota notissimus urbe, el post hcec domince 
munere /actus eques; Mart. VII. lxiv. 
GR/E. PR. 

25. This line recurs x. 226. GR/E. 
It is a parody on candidior postquam ton- 
denti barha cadebat ; Virg. E. i. 29. PR. 
The term juvenis extended to the middle 
period of life, which the words gravis and 
sonabat seem to denote. The satirist is 
pointing out the rapid rise of his quondam 
tonsor. G. 

26. The condition of verna was lower 
than that of servus, as being born to ser- 
vitude. The latter name is derived from 
servare, because generals used to give 
quarter to their enemies, and ' save' pri- 
soners in order to sell them : Florent. 
Dig. I. v. 4. The former name was 
originally given to those born during ver 
sacrum ; Nonn. i. 206. it having been a 



SAT. I. 



OF JUVENAL. 



5 



30 



Crispinus, Tyrias humero revocante lacernas, 
Ventilet aestivum digitis sudantibus aurum, 
Nec sufferre queat majoris pondera gemmae : 
Difficile est Satiram non scribere. Nam quis iniquse 
Tarn patiens Urbis, tarn ferreus, ut teneat se, 
Causidici nova quum veniat lectica Mathonis 



custom among the people of Italy in great 
emergencies to devote to the Gods what- 
ever should be bom during the next 
spring. Paul, ex Fest. F. Such victims 
resembled the Cherem of the Hebrews, cf. 
Judges xi. [Livyxxii, 10; 9, 11. ED.] 
Canopus, not far from Alexandria, was 
notorious for a temple of Serapis, and the 
scene of every grossness and debauchery. 
FA. vi. 84. R. xv. 46. PR. This city 
was built by Menelaus and named after 
his pilot. VS. 

27. Crispinus rose, under Nero, from 
the condition of a slave, to riches and 
honours. His connexion with that monster 
recommended him to Domitian, with 
whom he seems to have been in high 
favour : he shared his counsels, ministered 
to his amusements, and was the ready 
instrument of his cruelties. For these, 
and other causes, Juvenal regarded him 
with perfect detestation : and whenever 
he introduces him, (which he does on all 
occasions,) it is with mingled contempt 
and horror. Here he is not only a 
« Niliacan,' (an expression which con- 
veyed more to Juvenal's mind than it 
does to ours,) but a ' Canopian,'a native 
of the most profligate spot in Egypt : not 
only one of the dregs of the people, but a 
slave ; and not only a slave, but a slave 
born of a slave ! Hence the poet's indig- 
nation at his effeminate luxury. G. 

The ' Tyrian' purple was a very ex- 
pensive dye: x. 38. GRO. iii, 81. the 
most costly dresses were twice dipt; in- 
duerat Tyrio bis t'utctam murice pallam ; 
Ov. F. ii. 107. Lacerna, 62. ix. 28. 
signifies a ' loose upper mantle,' also 
called abolla ; GRJE. nescit cui dederit 
Tyriam Crispinus abotlam, dum mutat 
cultus, (Sfc. Martial VIII. xlviii. G. 

Revocante has been variously inter- 
preted. It may mean that the cloak was 
looped up and fastened on the shoulder 
by a clasp : GRO. fibula mordaci re- 
fug as a pectore vestes dente cap it; 
Sidon. ii. 396. Revocat f'ulvas in 
pectore pelles; Claudian. in Ruf. ii. 79. 
cf. Eund. in Eutr. ii. 183. Prudent. 



Psych. 186 sqq. R. Or that, the wea- 
ther being hot, the mantle was not fast- 
ened; therefore the shoulder endea- 
voured by shrugging to hoist up and 
replace the robe ; which Avasas constantly 
slipping off from it, and the more so from 
the waving of the arm to and fro, 28. 
M. as well as from the awkwardness of a 
wearer but newly accustomed to such 
finery. R. The most simple interpre- 
tation seems to be that the delicate 
shoulder, which in winter had laid aside 
its summer mantles for warmer cloaks, 
now, with the change of weather, ' re- 
sumed' its thinner robes : revocare being 
opposed to omittere ; Suet. Vesp. 1 6. HK. 
to intermittere ; Cic.T.Q.i. 1. to amittere; 
Id. Fam. vii. 26 fin. and signifying in 
usum reducere : cf. ii. 30. Hor. IV Od. 
xv. 12. Suet. Claud. 22. Tac. An. i. 
20. F. 

28. The Romans were so effeminate as 
to wear a lighter ring in warm weather: T. 
Plin. xxxiii. 1. PR. and even this ' sum- 
mer ring' (levis annulus; Mart. V. lxi. 
5. GRJE.) was oppressively hot: cf. vi. 
259 sqq. quod tener digitus ferre recuset, 
onus; Ov. Am. II. xvi. 22. R. v. BO. p. 
412. Servants wore an iron ring, ple- 
beians one of silver, and those of eques- 
trian rank a golden one. Freedmen were 
allowed to wear the latter, if they had an 
equestrian estate, but were not considered 
actual knights. PL. Ventilare may mean 
' to take off from the finger and fan back- 
wards and forwards in order to cool it 
BRI. or 4 to wave the hand, affectedly, 
to and fro in the air, in order to show off 
the ring :' yiXoToi ol vrXourouvrss, xa£i ras 

Xou; vrgoruvovrss' Luc. Nigr. 21. jR. 

30. Cf. Hor. IT S. i. R. 

31. Ovid. Am. II. v. 11. Tib. II. iii. 
2. ffidfigoQgM : ferrea pectora ; vii. 150. illi 
robur et ces triplex circa pectus erat ; Hor. 
I Od. iii. 9. R. Mart. XI. xxvii. 1. 

32. These * litters' resembled oriental 
palanquins: they were fitted up with 
couches on which grandees or ladies 
reclined, and were carried by six or eight 



6 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. I. 



Plena ipso ? post hunc magni delator amici 
Et cito rapturus de nobilitate comesa, 
35 Quod superest, quern Massa timet, quern munere palpat 
Carus et a trepido Thymele submissa Latino ? 
Quum te submoveant, qui testamenta merentur 
Noctibus, in ccelum quos evehit optima summi 



slaves: 64. PR. M. Re c ens sella 
linteisque lorisque; Mart. II. lvii. 6. FA. 
Matho, vii. 129. xi. 34. was starving as 
a ' lawyer,' and thereupon turned in- 
former, which he found a more profitable 
trade ; he has now set up his sedan, and 
is grown so immoderately fat as to 1 fill it 
himself.' cf. 136. VS. BRI. G. Martial 
often attacks him : IV. lxxx. lxxxi. VIII. 
xlii. X. xlvi. XL Ixviii. PR. 

33. Either (1) Heliodorus, the Stoic, 
who laid an information against his 
pupil L. Junius Silanus: or (2) Egnatius 
Celer, the Philosopher who denounced 
his pupil Barea Soranus to Nero, hi. 116. 
and was afterwards himself condemned 
under Vespasian on the accusation of 
Musonius liufus : or (3) Demetrius the 
lawyer, who laid informations against 
several in Nero's reign : VS. or (4) 
M. Regulus, who became formidable to 
' the Emperor's friends' as well as his 
own; BRf. omnium bipedum nequissimus; 
see Pliny i. 5. 20. ii. 5. 20. iv. 2. 7. vi. 
2. Tac. Hist. iv. 42. cf. magna amicitia ; 
iy. 74. vi. 559. 313. PR. R. The 
difficulty of fixing on any particular 
name affords matter for melancholy re- 
flection. That so many should at the 
same period be guilty of the complicated 
crimes of treachery and ingratitude, gives 
a dreadful picture of the depravity then 
prevalent in Rome. G. 

34. The nobility were ruined by pro- 
scriptions and confiscations ; L U. and the 
informers came in for their share of the 
spoil. PR. 

35. Hi sunt, quos timent etiam qui 
timentur ; Sidon. Ep. v. 7. R. 

Massa, Carus, and Latinus were freed- 
men of Nero and notorious informers. 
The two former were put to death on the 
information of Heliodorus, although they 
had given him hush-money. The latter 
was executed on suspicion of having in- 
trigued with Messalina. VS. [But these 
particulars are questionable.] Baebius 
Massa was prosecuted for malepractices in 



his government of Baetica, and condemned 
to refund his peculations. Though he 
contrived to elude the sentence, he ceased 
to be powerful, and is stigmatized as a 
thief by Martial, XII. xxix. Mettius 
Carus started later in the same line, and 
outlived his success, falling into poverty 
and contempt. Tac. Hist. iv. 50. Ag. 
45. Plin. i. 5. iii. 4. vi. 29. vii. 19, 
27, 33. &c. Mart. XII. xxv. 5. PR. 
R. G. 

Palpare is properly applied to horses. 
Horace uses the same metaphor in speak- 
ing of Augustus; cui male si pulpere, re- 
calcitrat undique tutus ; II S. i. 20. R. 

36. Thymele (Juf/X'kn ' the raised plat- 
form of the stage') was an actress and 
celebrated dancer, and, some say, the 
wife of Latinus. vi. 66. viii. 197. Mart. 
I. v. 5. IX. xxix. Suet. Dom. 15. She 
was 1 sent privately' to propitiate the in- 
former either by presents, or by artifices, 
or by more disreputable means. Even 
Latinus the Emperor's favourite was 
obliged to resort to such an expedient for 
deprecating ruin. BRI. GllAZ. PR. R. 
There is an allusion to the plot of some 
well-known piece in which Latinus, who 
acted the gallant, deputes Thymele, who 
personified the lady with whom he had 
intrigued, to extricate him from the scrape 
with her jealous and incensed spouse. T. 
If so, we should read ut for et. Ovid gives 
the ordinary dramatis -persona of these 
mimes (1) cultus adulter, (2) callida 
nupta, (3) stullus vir, and reprobates the 
immorality of pieces, in which, cum fef ell it 
amans aliqua novitate maritum, plauditur; 
Tr. ii. 497 sqq. ( See the note on vi. 42 — 
44.) Scence sales inverecundos, agent ium 
strophas,adulterorumfallacias, — ipsosquo- 
que patresfamilias togatos, modo stupidos, 
modo obsccenos ; Cypr. de Spect. p. 4. cf. 
viii. 192. 197. v. 171. HR. 

37. ' Supplant thee, the heir at law.' 
LU. 

38. Noctibus i. e. ' by administering to 
the guilty pleasures of the testatrix.' M. 



SAT. I. 



OF JUVENAL. 



7 



Nunc via processus, vetulse vesica beatse ? 

40 Unciolam Proculejus habet, sed Gillo deuncem, 
Partes quisque suas ad mensuram inguinis heres. 
Accipiat sane mercedem sanguinis et sic 
Palleat, ut nudis pressit qui calcibus anguem, 
Aut Lugdunensem rhetor dicturus ad aram. 

45 Quid referam, quanta siccum jecur ardeat ira, 

Quum populum gregibus comitum premit hie spoliator 
Pupilli prostantis ? et hie damnatus inani 
Judicio (quid enim salvis infamia numis ?) 
Exsul ab octava Marius bibit et fruitur Dis 



In cozlum ' to the height of their ambi- 
tion;' thus sunt quos palma nobilis terra- 
rum dominos evehit ad Deos, and me docta- 
rum hederce prcemia frontium Dis miscent 
superis, and quod si vie lyricis vatibus in- 
serts, sublimi feriam sidera vertice ; Hor. 
I Od. i. 

39. * The pruriency of some wealthy 
beldame.' iv. 4. beatus occurs in the same 
sense; v. 67. vi. 204. Ov. Am. I. xv. 
34. Sil. i. 609. R. 

40. The Romans divided property as 
they did the as, the jugerum, &c. into 
twelve parts or uncice ; which were com- 
puted thus, -l^uncia, ^(=|.) sextans, 
*'(=$) quadrans,JL q = i.) triens, ^ 
quincunx, (=%) semis, ^ septunx, 
& C=§) bessis, & (=|) dodrans, I§ 
( = §•) dextans, i£ ( = 1 — J^) deunx, 
i| ( =1) as. T. Hence heres ex asse was 
one to whom an entire estate fell, (Mart. 
VII. lxvi.) heres ex deunce one who had 
all but one twelfth, heres ex uncia one 
who inherited one twelfth only, heres ex 
nnciola one who had even less than that 
R. cf. Hor. A. P. 325 sqq. 

Proculejus and Gillo were two noted 
paramours of these old ladies. M. 

41. 'In proportion to his powers.' 

42. Sanguinis i. e. ' of the ruin of his 
health and constitution.' M. 

43. Virg. M. ii. 379 sqq. M. Ov. Fast, 
ii. 341. Horn. II. r 33 sqq. R. 

44. Caligula instituit in Gallia, Lug- 
duni, certamen Greece Latinceque facun- 
dice, quo ferunt victoribus prcemia victos 
contulisse, eorundem et laudes componere 
coactos: eos autem, qui maxime displicuis- 
sent, scripta sua spongia Unguave delere 
jussos, nisi ferulis objurgari aut flumine 
proximo mergi maluissent ; Suet. Cal. 20. 



LU. ' The altar at Lyons' was at the 
confluence of the Soane and the Rhone, 
where the abbey of Asnay now stands. 
This has been looked upon as a sacred 
spot from the earliest ages. After the 
subjection of the country, the natives 
built a temple and altar here to Augustus, 
and renewed the ancient festival, to which 
there was annually a great resort, cf. Dio 
liv. lix. 19. Strab. iv. Suet. Claud. 2. 
R. G. 

45. The ancients considered the ' liver' 
as the seat of the passions : fervens difficili 
bile tumet jecur; Hor. I Od. siii. 4. 
torrere jecur; IV Od. i. 12. M. facit 
ira nocentem hunc sexum, et rabie jecur 
incendente feruntur prcecipites ; vi. 647. 
cf. vii. 117. xiii. 14. 181. Pers. i. 12. 25. 
ii. 13. v. 129. Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 
240 sqq. Horn. 11. A 81. I 550. CAS. 
R. 

46. Quern grex togatus sequitur ; Mart. 
II. lvii. 5. Comites (v. 119.) denotes 
' retainers, dependents, clients, &c.' R. 
whereas socii are ' equals.' cf. Hor. I 
Od. vii. 26. 

47. Rather pupillcs: cf. iii. 65. vi. 123. 
ix. 24. R. ' Reduced to seek a wretched 
livelihood by prostitution.' PR. 

Marius Prisons, proconsul of Africa, 
was tried in the third year of Trajan for 
extortion, condemned to disgorge into the 
treasury about £6000, and banished from 
Italy. The penalty was a mere trifle out 
of the vast sums he had accumulated by 
his rapacity ; and the province was not 
reimbursed. Plin. ii. 11 sq. PR. G. cf. 
viii. 94 sqq. 119 sqq. R. 

48. Understand nocet. GRO. 

49. It was the custom at Rome to 
take a bath at the eighth hour (2 o'clock 



8 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. I. 



50 Iratis ; at tu victrix provincia ploras ? 

Haec ego non credam Venusina digna lucerna ? 
Haec ego non agitem ? Sed quid magis Heracleas 
Aut Diomedeas aut mugitum Labyrinthi 
Et mare percussum puero fabrumque volantem ? 

55 Quum leno accipiat moechi bona, si capiendi 
Jus nullum uxori, doctus spectare lacunar, 
Doctus et ad calicem vigilanti stertere naso ; 



in the afternoon), and to go to dinner at 
the ninth. A. cf. xi. 204. M. Mart. IV. 
viii. Hor. I Ep. vii. 71. and see notes on 
vi. 419. R. and on Pers. iii. 4. 

* Reaps the fruits of divine wrath,' be- 
ing better off than he was before his con- 
demnation. Thus Juno says of Hercules, 
" superat et crescit malis, iraque nostra 
fruitur ; in laudes suas mea vertit odia ;" 
Sen. H. F. 34. GRO. whence his name 
"Hgag xXios. PR. Peccat : vitio tamen 
u titur ; Pers. ii. 68. R. 

50. Cf. v. 158. ix. 77. inveniet nil sibi, 
prater p lor are, suisque; Hor. II S. v. 
68. ft. Vincere was a forensic term. GR. 
victrix is an instance of oxymoron. 

51. ' The lucubrations of a Horace;' 
who was born at Venusia, LU. on the 
confines of Lucania and Apulia : hence 
he speaks of himself as Lucanus an 
Appvlus, anceps: nam Venusinus arat 
Jinem sub ntrumque colonus ; II S. i. 
34. PR. 

52. Quid for cur, as rl for hurt; 
understand fabulas scribam : 'on the 
labours of Hercules,' and ' the adven- 
tures of Diomede,' either the Thracian 
who fed his stud on human flesh, or 
the ^Etolian. Plin. x. 44. Ov. M. xiv. 
540 sqq. Virg. AL. xi. 243 sqq. T. PR. 
R. 

53. ' The bellowing of the' Minotaur 
in the Cretan ' labyrinth ; which was 
built by Daedalus on the plan of that in 
Egypt, only a hundred times smaller. 
There was a third in Lemnos, and a 
fourth in Italy. Plin. xxxvi. 13. The 
first is described by Herodotus, ii. 148. 
See Virg. JEn. vi. 14—33. Ovid. Met. 
viii. 155 sqq. PR. 

54. Plin. iv. 11. vii. 56. Icarus Icariis 
nomma fecit aquis; Ovid. I Tr. i. 90. 
Ceratis ope Dcedalea nititur pennis, vitreo 
daturus nomina ponto; Hor. IV Od. ii. 2. 
Expertus vacuum Daedalus aera pennis 
non homini datis ; I Od. iii. 34. Ov. 



Met. viii. 183 sqq. This fable had its 
origin from the invention of roasts and 
sails by Daedalus. PR. 

55. By a law of Domitian, an adulteress 
was precluded from receiving any legacy 
or inheritance : Suet. Dom. 8. To evade 
this law the fortune of the gallant was 
settled on the husband, who for this con- 
sideration turned pander to his wife's dis- 
honour. BRI. cf. ix. 82 sqq. and particu- 
larly 87 sq. HR. 

56. As though absorbed in thought, or 
at any rate quite unobservant of what was 
going on. M. 

57. Ipse miser vidi, cum me dormire 
putares, sobrius apposiio crimina vestra 
mero ; Ov. Am. II. v. 13. GR. Queerit 
adulteros inter mariti vina; — non sine con- 
scio surgit marito ; Hor. 111. Od. vi. 25. 
29. PR. Avru ti; yripas -rrfavriv tu yi'i- 

TOVI piyX U < * a ' f^ifOLf TOUT V)V tVXoXoS 

Igy atria, fzri tXuv, ffxdvTttv, aXA.' 

tuo"roju,d%us uTcgiyxuv, aXXer^iea 2aTavy 
irXoviria (iocrxoftivov Parmenio. R. KaXfia; 
tiff-Tia Maixrivav, tira oguv ^lacrX'/ixTi^optvov 
olTo viVftarcov Tgos to yvvaiov, av'txXivtv 
nev^ri t*I* xt<pu\i]V, a; S»j xaDtiihuV iv 
TDvreu ruv olxiruv vivos ir^of^vivros 
i%ahv <rv Tgair'tty, xai rov olvov titpai^ou- 
pUov $icc(iX'itJ,as , ' xaxotiai/uov,' t!<rtv, ' obx 
o)ff6a , oti fjt. o v oo Mai x a xa0iv$oj;' 
Plut. Erot. t. ix. p. 45. HN. There was 
one Cepius of whom a similar story was 
told; whence came the Latin proverb 
' non omnibus dormio.' E. RH. There is 
a double meaning in the word vigilanti ; 
though the man appeared to be fast asleep, 
yet his nose seemed to be wide awake, if 
you might judge by the noise it made. 
So an dormit Sceledrus intus? No7i naso 
quidem, nam eo magno magnum clamat; 
Plaut. Mil. Farquhar makes Mrs. Sullen 
give a similar account of her drunken 
husband : " My whole night's comfort is 
the tunable serenade of that wakeful 
nightingale — his nose." M. 



SAT. I. 



OF JUVENAL. 



9 



Quum fas esse putet curam sperare cohortis, 
Qui bona donavit praesepibus et caret omni 
60 Majorum censu, dum pervolat axe citato 

Flaminiam ; (puer Automedon nam lora tenebat, 
Ipse lacernatae quum se jactaret amicaa) 
Nonne libet medio ceras implere capaces 
Quadrivio? quum jam sexta cervice feratur 

58. ' A military tribuneship.' VS. ' A 97.), uvros, and ixt7ves, often convey a 
prefectship of the praetorian band.' GRJE. notion of authority and respect; hence a 
A cohort consisted of 550 infantry and teacher is thus spoken of by his disciple 
66 cavalry. In legione sunt centuries (as in the Pythagorean expression alros 
sexaginta, manipuli triginta, cohortes de- tyct), a master by his servant, a general 
cem; Gell. xvi. 4. A. PR. When the by a soldier, a patron as distinguished 
allies were admitted into the legions, the from his clients, the mind as contrasted 
number of military tribunes was probably with the body, &c. in which cases the 
increased to ten, one to command each opposition shows what is meant, v. 30. 
cohort, cf. x.94. Cses. B.C.ii.20. Plin. V. Flacc. iii. 150. Ov. Trist. V. i. 45. 
iii. 9. 18. LI. R. Calpurn. i. 46. R. [Livy xxii, 1, i; 

59. Either (1) Cornelius Fuscus is xxvii, 32, b. ED.] 

intended, who, when a boy, had driven Jacture se is ' to play the agreeable' or 

Nero's chariot; he afterwards • squan- ' to show off before.' It may be a rae- 

dered his patrimony' in charioteering, taphor from a peacock spreading his tail, 

and at last was made prefect of the prae- cf. Pers. iv. 15. R. 

torian bands by Domitian, and fell in the Though spoken of in the feminine gen- 

Dacian war: iv. 112. Suet. T. or (2) der, Sporus the eunuch is here meant, 

Tigellinus, a man of obscure origin, BRI. whom this monster cum dote et 

MNC. and a depraved minister to Nero's Jlameo, nuptiarum eeleberrimo officio, de- 

pleasures, w T ho also was promoted to a ductum ad se, pro uxore habuit ; quemque, 

prefectship: v. 67. 155. Tac. An. xiv. Augustarum ornumentis excultum lectica- 

sqq. Hist. i. 72. or (3) Damasippus: viii. que vectum, et circa conventus mercatus- 

147. PR. que Grcecice ac mot Romce circa Sigillaria 

Prcesepia is an ambiguous term, mean- comitatus est identidem exosculans; Suet, 

ing either ' mangers' or ' brothels.' PL. Ner. 28. PR. cf. sponsce turpes; v. 78. 

60. The construction may be this : R. A few years afterwards this Sporus 
quum (is), qui — censu, fas — cohortis, dum was ordered by the emperor Vitellius to 
&c. (cf. Tac. An. i. 7.) i. e. because he personate a nymph in a pantomime, but 
has been Nero's charioteer. HK. Tlli committed suicide to avoid appearing on 
instant verbere torto, et proni dant lora; the stage in a female dress! G. The 
vol at vi fervid us axis; Virg. G. epithet lacernata implies that this was 
iii. 106. R. not a woman, lacerna being a man's 

61. 1 The Elaminian Way,' the most cloak. FE. It was worn by soldiers in 
ancient and celebrated of all the Roman the camp, Plin. xviii. 25. Ov. Fast. ii. 
roads, led to the emperor's villa. It was 746. and by spectators in the amphi- 
made by the censor C. Plaminius (A. U. theatre ; in the latter case it was white, 
533.) through Tuscany to Ariminum. A. Mart. XIV. exxxvii. I V. ii. See also 
Strab. v. p. 333. cf. Suet. Aug. 30. Suet. Aug. 40. Claud. 6. PR. Mart. V. 
PR. R. viii. 

This ' boy' was the charioteer of Nero, 63. Cerce are the same as ceratce tabellce. 

as ' Automedon' was of Achilles. GRJE. The pocket-books of the Romans con- 

Hom. II. IT 145 sqq. P 429 sqq. 459 — sisted of thin pieces of wood, covered 

537. T 395 sqq. Virg. JE. ii. 477. Suet, over with wax, on which they wrote with 

Ner. 22. viii. 148. Cicero, also, uses the point of an instrument called stylus, 

Automedon as the name of any charioteer; the other end of which was blunt for 

Rose. Am. 35. PR. R. the purpose of erasure. Hor. I. S. x. 

62. By ipse we are to understand 72. M. 

Nero: M. for ipse, as well as ille (v. 64. ' In the very cross-ways ;' such is 

C 



JO 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. 1. 



65 Hinc atque inde patens ac nuda psene cathedra 
Et multum referens de Maecenate supino 
Signator, falso qui se lautum atque beatum 
Exiguis tabulis et'gemma fecerat uda? 
Occurrit matrona potens, quae, molle Calenum 

70 Porrectura, viro miscet sitiente rubetam 

Instituitque rudes melior Locusta propinquas 



the impudence of these miscreants, and 
the depravity of these times ! LU. 

The litters of the rich were called 
hexaphori, Mart. II. lxxxi. IV. li. or 
ostophori, vii. 141. from the number of 
bearers or lecticarii; persons of inferior 
fortune used sella geslatoria ' a sedan,' 
carried by two chairmen, ix. 142. LI. M. 
R. cf. BO. c. 8. p. 427 sq. 443 sq. 

65. Here ' the litter' is left « open on 
both sides' out of effrontery, as opposed 
to lectica tuta pelle veloque and sella 
clausa; v. 124. Mart. XI. xcviii. 11 sq. 
LU. clausa lectica fenestra ; iii. 242. 
clausum lath specularibus antrum ; iv. 2 1. 
This latter was also called cubiculum via- 
torium ; Plin. xxxvii. 2. Suet. Aug. 78. 
Tit. 10. Ov. A. A. i. 487 sq. LI. It 
was fitted up with cushions and pillows, 
stood on four short legs, and was carried 
by means of poles; iii. 245. vii. 132. 
The cathedra or « chair' belonged pro- 
perly to ladies; vi. 91. ix. 52. Mart. IV. 
lxxix. 3. Phaed. III. viii. 4. Prop. IV. 
v. 37. hence called fceminea cathedra ; 
Mart. III. lxiii. 7. Calp. vii. 27. BO. 
Only vestals and empresses used pilenla 
and carpenia. R. 

66. Maecenas, though a very active 
man of business, was otherwise most ' in- 
dolent and luxurious;' xii. 39. Sen. Ep. 
19. 101. 114. 120. otio et 7nollitiis pccne 
ultra femin am fluens; Veil. Pat. i. 88. 
Quint. X. iv. Plin. xiv. 6. DO. PR. R. 
He was at once a beau and a sloven. G. 
For the above sense of supinus see Mart. 
II. vi. 13. PR. Quint. V. xii. 10. X. ii. 
17, &c. Plin. xvi. 37. Suet. Aug. 16. R. 

Refer re ' to bring back to mind,' there- 
fore ' to resemble.' Virg. /E. iv. 329. x. 
766. Tac. Germ. 43. R. 

67. Either (1) Aquilius Regulus, P\in. 
ii. 20. or (2) Sophonius Tigetlinus, who 
poisoned his three uncles and inherited all 
their property • by forgery' of their wills. 
LU. According to Paedianus the sub- 
scription of seven witnesses was requisite. 



PR. cf. x. 336. M. Falsum was a 
technical term, as falsi reus, GRO. Lex 
Cor net iu defaLis, he. R. 

68. ' A brief testament.' making him 
sole heir. BRI. Omnia soli breviter dabit ; 
xii. 125. PR. ii. 58. 

Ut arcanas possim signare tabellas, neve 
tenax ceram siccave gemma truhat, humida 
tangam prius ora; Ov. Am. II. xv. 15 
sqq. Trist. V. iv. 5 sq. Pont. II. ix. 69. 
GU. cf. xiii. 139. xiv. 132. R. 

69. Nulla aconita bibuntur fictilibus; 
x. 25 sq. LU. The commencement of 
this horrible practice is mentioned by 
Livy, viii. 18. PR. Agrippina poisoned 
her husband Claudius by a mushroom ; 
Tac. An. xii. 67. Suet. Claud. 44. R. 
The allusion therefore is probably to 
some other noble matron, G. who will 
meet you in the public streets. M. 

Cales was in Campania. LU. The 
choicest wines of Italy are named by 
Horace, 1 Od. xx. 9 sqq. of these the 
Calenian and Caacubian had gone out of 
fashion in Pliny's time ; xiv. 6. R. 

Molle ' mellow' from age ; Hor. I Od. 
vii. 19. Virg. G. i. 341. as opposed to 
durum * rough;' G. iv. 102. R. 

70. ' A poison' supposed to be ex- 
tracted ' from the toad,' called rubeta 
from its frequenting brakes. GRjE. tur- 
gentis ranee por tenia rubetce ; Prop. III. 
vi. 27. PR. nunc ret agitur tenui pulmone 
rubetce ; vi. 659. cf. iii. 44. R. 

71. Ccesareas soboles horrenda Locusta 
occidit, curans scevi venenata Neionis; 
Turnus. VS. This hag seems to have 
reduced the art of poisoning to a science ; 
Claudius spared her life in order to avail 
himself of her diabolical skill, and at last 
was taken off by her agency. " 'Tis 
the sport," as Shakspeare beautifully ob- 
serves, " to have the engineer Hoist with 
his own petar;" Ham. III. iv. Nero 
employed her to destroy Germanicus, and 
perhaps Burrhus ; but on the accession of 
Galba,she was dragged to execution amid 



SAT. I. 



OF JUVENAL. 



11 



Per famam et populum nigros efferre maritos. 
Aude aliquid brevibus Gyaris et carcere dignum, 

Si vis esse aliquis: probitas laudatur et alget. 
75 Criminibus debent hortos, prsetoria, mensas, 

Argentum vetus et stantem extra pocula caprum. 

Quern patitur dormire nurus corruptor avarse, 

Quern sponsae turpes et prastextatus adulter? 

Si natura negat, facit indignatio versum, 
80 Qualemcumque potest, quales ego vel Cluvienus. 
Ex quo Deucalion, nimbis tollentibus aequor, 



the shouts and exec rations of the populace. 
G. Tac. An. xii. 66. xiii. 15. Suet. 
Claud. 44. Ner. 33. 47. PR. R. 

Melior ' more knowing and daring;' 
instituit ' instructs ;' rudes ' ignorant.' LU. 

72 fl Ev ha $vo7v for per famam populi. 
GRJE. per ' in defiance of,' ' running the 
gantelope' as it were. 

' Livid' from the effects of poison, 
GRJE. which is hence called yocula 
nigra; Prop. II. xxvii. 10. R. 

Efferr eis peculiarly applied to funerals, 
PR. as effertur, imus, ad sepulcrum 
venimus ; Ter. And. I. i. 90. M. vi. 175. 
567. xiv. 220. [Livy xxiv, 22, r. ED.] 
It is here the consequent put for the 
antecedent. R. cf. note 70 on Herod, 
vii. 117. 

73. Gyarus, now Jura, one of the Cy- 
clades, was the Botany Bay of Rome. vi. 
563 sq. x. 170. Plin. iv. 12. viii. 29. 57. 
Tac. An. iii. 68 sq. iv. 30. Other rocky 
islands were used for the same purpose. 
LU. PR. R. 

74. Sese aliquem credens ; Pers. i. 129. 
• somebody;' PR. Cic. ad Att. iii. 15. 
'hox.uv fiit <r)s s/vui, uv ovbus' Arr. Ep. 
ii. 24. R. 

" In this partial avaricious age What 
price bears honour? virtue? long ago 
It was but praised, and free zed? 
but now-a days 'Tis colder far, and has 
nor love nor praise;" Massinger, Fatal 
Dowry, II. i. G. 

75. Such ' gardens' contained villas, 
summerhouses, terraces, sheets of water, 
fountains, grottos, statues, &c. Smaller 
gardens were called viridaria or nemora. 
R. 

' Palaces ;' ad lapidem Torquatus habet 
prcetoria quarium ; Mart. X. Ixxix. 1. 
Suet. Tit. 8. PR. x. 161. R. 

The Romans were very extravagant in 
their ' tables,' which were made of citron- 



wood, marble, ivory, &c. GRJE. v. 137 
sq. R. Mart. XIV. lxxxix. xc. &c. 

76. Argentum, mensce,murrhina,rura, 
domus; Mart. XI. lxx. 8. ' The goat,' 
as destructive to vines, was sacrificed to 
Bacchus, and was a usual device on 
embossed goblets : or it might be a bass- 
relief of Phryxus and Helle riding on the 
goat ; stat caper JEolio Thebani vellere 
Phryxi cultus; Mart. VIII. li. (« de 
phiala Rvfi,') 9. VS. PR. altis exstan- 
tem signis cratera; Ov. Met. v. 81. 
antiquus crater signis exstantibus asper ; 
Id. xii. 235. cf. v. 38. R. 

77. The avarice of the daughter-in-law 
is her ruin. ' Who can tamely witness 
such flagitiousness?' LU. 

78. ' Unnatural brides.' G. v. 62. ii. 
117. 134. Mart. xii. 42. Suet. Ner. 29. 
Ov. A. A. i. 524. Tac. An. xv. 37. 
R. 

The prcetexta was a white gown (toga) 
with a purple border, and was worn by 
magistrates and priests, and by noble 
boys till they completed their fifteenth 
year, when they exchanged it for the 
manly gown. Pers. v. 30. PR. R. 

79. Ceterarum rerum studio et doctrina 
et prceceptis et arte constant ; pnela natura 
ipsa valet et mentis viribus excitatur et 
quasi divino quodam spiritu inllatur ; Cic. 
pro Arch. 8. cf. Hor. A. P. 408 sqq. 
PR. 

80. Cluvienus was a miserable versifier 
of whom nothing further is known. PR. 

81. This proem contains the sum and 
substance of the poet's future Satires, 
cf. CAS. on Pers. i. 1. 

Ex quo; Hor. Ill Od. iii. 21. I| oS- 
Horn. II. A 7. Iga-ray Aristoph. N. 520. 
Quo tempore primum Deucalion vacuum 
lapides jactavit in orbem, unde homines 
nati, durum genus; Virg. G. i. 61 sqq. 
' From the earliest ages :' a Pyrrha ; xv. 



12 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. I. 



Navigio montem ascendit sortesque poposcit, 
Paulatimque anima caluerunt mollia saxa 
Et maribus nudas ostendit Pyrrha puellas, 

85 Quidquid agunt homines, votum, timor, ira, voluptas, 
Gaudia, discursus, nostri est farrago libelli. 
Et quando uberior vitiorum copia? quando 
Major avaritiae patuit sinus? alea quando 
Hos animos? Neque enim loculis comitantibus itur 

90 Ad casum tabulae, posita sed luditur area. 
Proelia quanta illic dispensatore videbis 
Armigero ! Simplexne furor, sestertia centum 



30. Amphictyonis temporibus aquarum 
illuvies mujorem populorum Gracia partem 
absumpsit. Superfueru.nl, quos refugia 
montium receperunt, aut qui ad regem 
Thessalice Deucalionem ratibus evecti sunt: 
a quo propterea genus humanum conditum 
dicitur; Just. ii. 6. PR. Ov. Met. i. 
264 sqq. He was son of Prometheus and 
Clymene. GR.E. 

82. Parva rate; Ov. Kt$u)ru>, Xu^vaxt, 
' in the ark.' II N. The fable is a cor- 
ruption of s-acred history. PR. 

1 The mountain' is Lycorea ; one of the 
two peaks of Parnassus. R. 

* The answers of the Delphian oracle' 
were anciently 1 given by lots:' oracula 
verius dicuntur, qua vaticinatione fun- 
duntur, sed et sortes, qua ducuntur. 
Cic. de Div. ii. 33. Sometimes sortes 
signified 1 oracular answers' in general, 
dicta per carmina sortes; Hot. A. P. 403. 
auxilium placuit per sacras quarere sortes ; 
Ov. precibus oi'ucula pose as; Virg, M. 
iii. 456. poscens responsa ; Sil. i. 121. 
PR. M. R. [Livy xxi, 62, n. ED.] 
The responses at this time were given by 
Themis : Ov. VS. 

83. Saxa ponere duritiem compere, 
suumque rigorem, mollirique mora, mol- 
litaque ducere formam : Ov. M. This 
story is supposed to have been suggested 
by the fanciful derivation of kuo$ from 

Xccuf. R. 

84. The lapides Pyrrha jacti (Virg. 
E. vi. 41.) produced women. Pyrrha 
was the daughter of Epimetheus and 
Asia. GR2E. 

86. Discursus' their different pursuits.' 
But see v. 21. R. 

Farrago (see note on Pers. v. 77.) 'a 
mixture, hodge-podge, olio.' M. 

87. Collecta vitia post tot atates diu in 



?ws redundant, saculo premimur gravi : 
Senec. Oct. GR. The predictions of 
Horace were verified, atas parentum, 
pejor avis, tulit nos nequiores, mox daturos 
progenicm vitiosiorem ; III Od. vi. fin. 
See 147 sqq. vi. 292. R. 

88. Some take sinus to signify ' the 
lap' of the gown ; others ' the bellying' of 
the sail, or ' a spread of canvas.' PR. R. 
cf. 149 sq. 

Alea ; cf. Pers. v. 57. PR. vetita le- 
gibus alea ; Hot. Ill Od. xxiv. 58. 
Understand habuit: hos may mean tot, or 
Romanos ; R. or hos animos is perhaps 
equivalent to tantas vires, ' such spirit 
and vigour.' M. 

89. Loculus' a purse;' area ' the money 
chest itself.' PR. 

90. A sarcastic reflection on his fellow- 
countrymen as no longer strenuous in 
other battles. LU. 

91. • With his steward for armour- 
bearer,' as carrying money, dice, dice- 
box, and tables. VS. vii. 219. xiv. 4 sq. 
R. 

92. ' A hundred sestertia.' The ses- 
tertius = about If J. The sestertium = 
1000 sestertii^ about £8. Is. 6d. (1) 
If a numeral agrees with sestertii, it de- 
notes so many sestertii, as decern sestertii. 
(2) If the genitive plural of sestertii is 
joined with a numeral in another case, 
it denotes so many thousand, as decern 
sertertium = 10,000 sestertii. (3) If 
joined with a numeral adverb, it denotes 
so many hundred thousand, as 
decies sestertium = 1 ,000,000 sestertii. 
(4) The numeral adverb by itself has 
the same meaning, as decies = 1 ,000,000 
sestertii = 1,000 sesterces. KN. AD. Ses- 
tertium is always the contracted genitive, 
with which milk or millia is generally 



SAT. I. 



OF JUVENAL. 



13 



Perdere et horrenti tunicam non reddere servo? 
Quis totidem erexit villas? quis fercula septem 
95 Secreto ccenavit avus? Nunc sportula primo 
Limine parva sedet, turbas rapienda togatse. 
Ille tamen faciem prius inspicit et trepidat, ne 
Suppositus venias ac falso nomine poscas. 
Agnitus accipies. Jubet a prsecone vocari 
100 Ipsos Trojugenas: nam vexant limen et ipsi 
Nobiscum. " Da Prsetori, da deinde Tribuno ! 
Sed libertinus prior est." " Prior" inquit " ego adsum. 
Cur timeam dubitemve locum defendere, quamvis 



understood ; sestertia occurs only in poets. 

F. [Livy xxviii, 9, 8. ED.] 

93. Scis comitem horridulum trita do- 
nare lacerna ; Pers. i. 54. PR. ' shiver- 
ing with cold,' as in Ov. A. A. ii. 213. 
Reddere for dare. R. 

94. Cf. xiv. 86 sqq. R. 

Patinas ccenabat omasi; Hor. I Ep. 
xv. 34. In atrio, et duobusferculis, epu- 
labantur antiqui; Cato. Ferculum, ac- 
cording to Nonius, was ' a course.' vii. 
184. xi. 64. R. 

95. Ftdt ilia simplicitas antiquorum in 
cibo capiendo, ut maximis viris prandere et 
coenare in propatulo verecundice non esset : 
nec sane ullas epulas habebant, quas populi 
oculis subjicere erubescerent ; Val. Max. 
II. v. 5. PR. 

Quis avus ' who of our ancestors'?' LU. 

The old republicans used to admit to 
supper the clients, who attended them 
from the forum. Under the emperors 
this laudable custom was abolished, and 
' a little basket' of meat given to each of 
them to carry home. Nero ordered a 
small sum of money to be distributed 
instead of meat, and Domitian brought 
back the former practice: Suet. Ner. 16. 
Dom. 4. 7. Perhaps it was subsequently 
left optional, for here we find that money 
was again distributed. The sum was a 
hundred quadrantes, about 20d. sterling. 

G. v. 120. iii. 127 sqq. 249 sqq. Mart. I. 
Ixi. III. vii. xiv. 3. VIII. 1. 10. X. xxvii. 
3.1xxv. 11. A. T. PR. R. 

96. Vestibulum ante ipsum primoque in 
limine ; Virg. M. ii. 469. vi. 427. R. 

Sedet; ii. 120. R. KiTrat, see note 18 
on Herod, vii. 198. 

' The dole's being snatched' or ' scram- 
bled for' denotes their half-starved con- 
dition. Togat& may mean 1 Koman' 



emphatically; cf. v. 100. Prop. IV. ii. 
56. Virg. M, i. 282. but more probably 
is used contemptuously, as the toga was 
no longer worn by respectable persons. 
See note on v. 3. ii. 70. iii. 127. vii. 136. 
142. viii. 49. Hor. I S. ii. 63. 82. Mart. 
II. lvii. 5. &c. R. 

97. See note on v. 62. The meanness 
of the patron is strongly marked by his 
superintending the distribution ' in person.' 

99. Agnoscere ' to recognize' is said of 
one known before ; cognoscere * to become 
acquainted with,' of a stranger. R. 

' The crier' was properly called no- 
menclator ; it was his office to announce 
the names of morning visitors, arrange 
them in order of precedence, &c. PL. 

100. ' The patricians of the greater 
clans,' VS. who claimed descent from 
iEneas and the Trojans : cf. viii. 41 sqq. 
181. xi. 95. so Troiades ; Pers. i. 4. R. 

Lirnen terere; Mart. X. x.2. ' to wear.' 
R. furesque ferceque suetce hunc vexare 
locum ; Hor. I S. viii. 17. M. ' to 
pester.' 

101. ' "With us poor folk.' cf. iii. 128 
sqq. R. Mart. X. x. 1 sqq. PR. 

Da &;c. These are either the orders of 
the patron to his steward, or the impor- 
tunities of the needy patricians. PR. R. 

Prceior dictus quod exercitui prceeat: 
est et magistratusjuredicundo propositus ; 
Varro. ' The tribune' might be either 
' military' or ' plebeian.' PR. Of the lat- 
ter, there were originally two, afterwards 
ten. The prceior urbanus was a magis- 
trate nearly answering to ' the Lord 
Mayor' of London. M. 

102. ' First come, first served.' G. 
Liberiini are enfranchised slaves, M. and 
the same as liberti ; they are called liberti 
when the patron's name is added. R. 



14 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. I. 



Natus ad Euphraten, molles quod in aure fenestra? 

105 Arguerint, licet ipse negem ? Sed quinque tabernae 
Quadringenta parant. Quid confert purpura major 
Optandum, si Laurenti custodit in agro 
Conductas Corvinus oves? Ego possideo plus 
Pallante et Licinis." Exspectent ergo tribuni ; 

110 Vincant divitiae : sacro nec cedat honori, 

Nuper in hanc urbem pedibus qui venerat albis ; 
Quandoquidem inter nos sanctissima Divitiarum 
Majestas : etsi funesta Pecunia templo 
Nondum habitas, nullas numorum ereximus aras, 

115 Ut colitur Pax atque Fides, Victoria, Virtus, 
Quseque salutato crepitat Concordia nido. 



104. An immense number of slaves 
came from Armenia, Cappadocia, Meso- 
potamia, and the countries through which 
the Euphrates flowed. PR. 

Among the Orientals, even men used 
to wear ear-rings for ornament. Plin. xi. 
37. incedunt cutn annularis auribus ; 
Plaut. Paen. 14. PR. The boring of 
the ear was, among many eastern na- 
tions, a sign of servitude ; see Exodus, 
xxi. 6. This expression may be put by 
h y p a 1 1 a g e for fenestra in aure molli, 
according to the proverb auricula mollior ; 
Cic. ad Q. Fr. ii. 15. or from being a 
sign of softness in the wearer. GR. R. 

105. ' I have five shops in the Forum 
which are let for as much as a knight's 
estate.' VS. T. Tiber io imperante consti- 
tution ue quis in equestri ordine conseretvr, 
nisi cui ingenuo ipsi, patri, avoque paterno 
sestertia quadringenta census fuisset; Plin. 
xxxiii. 2. PR. xiv. 323 sqq. R. 

106. ' The greater purple' may be 
either ' the consulship,' as toga major; 
Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 656. or « the 
broad-bordered tunic of the senator,' as 
purpura latior and latus clavus; Plin. 
Ep. ii. 9. major cl. ; Stat. Silv. 1IT. ii. 
\24. felix p. ; Mart. VIII. viii. 4. and on 
the other hand pauper and angustus cl. de- 
note the equestrian order; Stat. Silv. V. 
ii. 1 8. Veil. ii. 88. But under the Caesars 
this distinction was less rigidly observed, 
cf. Suet. Aug. 38. Ner. 26. Dom. 10. 
Plin. xxxiii. 1. R. Id.\x. 36 sqq. PR. 
[Livy xxvii, 19, 8. ED.] 

108. Corvinus, descended from the 
Valerian clan. cf. viii. 5. R. 

109. Pallas, an Arcadian, was a freed - 



man of Claudius and immensely rich. 
Suet. Claud. 28. Tac. An. xii. 53. xiv. 
65. Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 10. Plin. Ep. 
vii. 29. viii. 6. He was put to death by 
Nero for his wealth. VS. R. 

Lici7tius, a German, was a freedman of 
Augustus; he was likewise very rich: xiv. 
306. but there were also wealthy families 
of the Licinian clan, viz. the Calvi Stolones ; 
Liv. vii. 16. and the Crassi Divites. PR. 
R. Pers. ii. 36. VS. GRJE. G. 

110. Virtus post nummos; Hot. I Ep. 
i. 54. GR. omiiis enim res, virtus, fama, 
decus, divina humanaque, pulchris divitiis 
parent ; quas qui contraxerit, ille clarus 
erit, fortis, justus. Sapiensne? Etiam : 
et rex, et quicquid volet ; Id. II S. iii. 94. 
Et gemis et virtus, nisi cum re, vilior alga 
est ; Id. v. 8. PR. 

The tribunes were sacrosancti ' invio- 
lable;' Liv. ii. 33. iii. 19. 55. Dionys. 

vi. 89. vii. 17. If any one injured them 
by word or deed, he was held accursed, 
and his goods were confiscated. AD. R. 

111. Vilissimum est crelce genus, qua 
pedes venalium trans mare advectorum de- 
notare majores instituerant ; Plin. H. N. 
xxxv. 17. Regnum ipse tenet, quern scepe 
coegit barhara gypsatos ferre catasta pedes; 
Tib. II. iii. 59. Pers. vi. 78. cf. v. 53. 

vii. 16. 120. Suet. Aug. 69. This white 
mark was the signature either of the slave- 
merchant, or of the proprietor, or of the 
republic. BRO. SA. PR. R. 

113. Pecunia, * the cause of many a 
death,' was deified ; and universally 
worshipped ; (hough enshrined only 
in the hearts of her votaries. VS. T. PR. 

116. At the temple of Concord was 



SAT. r. 



OF JUVENAL. 



IS 



Sed quum summus honor finito computet anno, 
Sportula quid referat, quantum rationibus addat ; 
Quid facient comites, quibus hinc toga, calceus hinc est 

120 Et panis fumusque domi ? Densissima centum 
Quadrantes lectica petit, sequiturque maritum 
Languida vel praegnans et circumducitur uxor. 
Hie petit absenti, nota jam callidus arte, 
Ostendens vacuam et clausam pro conjuge sellam. 

125 " Galla mea est" inquit : " Citius dimitte. Moraris ?" 
" Profer Galla caput." " Noli vexare, quiescit." 

Ipse dies pulcro distinguitur ordine rerum : 
Sportula, deinde forum jurisque peritus Apollo 
Atque triumphales, inter quas ausus habere 

130 Nescio quis titulos iEgyptius atque Arabarches, 



heard the chattering of the stork which 
had built its nest there, as often as it 
flew home with food for its young. VS. 
ipsa sibi plaudat crepitante ciconia rostro ; 
Ov. Met. vi. 97. T. FA. 

117. ' Men of the highest rank calcu- 
late on these doles as no inconsiderable 
portion of their annual income.' See 
note on 101. LU. 

119. See 46. Mart. III. xxx. R. 
' These poor dependents had looked to 
this as a means of paying their tailor's, 
shoemaker's, baker's, and coalmerchant's 
bills.' 

120. Mart. XIII. xv. III. xxx. 3. R. 

121. ' A crowd of litters brings pe- 
titioners.' PR. See 95. R. 

124. See 65. PR. 

125. Galla is supposed to be the wife's 
name. M. 

With inquit understand maritus. PR. 

126. ' Put out your head,' says the 
dispenser, (because this was ' a stale 
trick' nota ars). ' Don't disturb her;' 
says the husband ; « I dare say, she is 
asleep.' LU. Or the whole line may be 
assigned to the husband only. 

127. The ordinary routine of the day's 
employment is made much the same by 
Martial ; prima salutanies atque a Iter a 
continet hora. Exercet raucos tertia 
causidicos. In quint am varios extendit 
Romalabores: sexta quies lassis,septima 
finis erit. Sufficit in nonam 7iitidis octava 
palcestris : imperat exstruclos frangere 
nona toros. Hora libellorum decima 



est ; IV. viii. PR. 

128. The clients attended their patron 
to ' the forum' of Augustus, in which 
there was an ivory statue of Apollo 
(Plin. xxxvi. 5. vii. 53. Hor. I. S. ix. 
78.); who is called juris peritus from the 
number of pleadings, at which he must 
have been present. Hence also we have 
Marsyan caussidicum ; Mart. II. lxiv. 8. 
Hor. I S. vi. 119. In the same spot 
Augustus had erected ' the triumphal 
statues' of the ereatest generals ; Suet. 
Aug. 29. VS. 31, BEL GR. PR. 
R. 

130. ' An efHgy with an inscription on 
the pedestal :' claraque dispositis acta 
subesse viris ; Ov. F. v. 566. GR. 

Arabarches. There is much uncer- 
tainty here both as to the text, and as to 
the person intended. He may be either 
(1) Crispinus (v. 26), who was created 
Prince of Arabia by Domitian, Schol. 
MS. He might also be called * the 
Arch-Arabian,' sarcastically, as worst of 
all the Arab slaves. LU. or (2) Tib. 
Alexander, who was governor of Egypt, 
brother or nephew of Philo Judaeus, 
procurator of Judasa, and a Roman 
knight. Tac. H. i. 11. ii. 79. Eus. ii. 
GY. AL. FA. HO. G. or (3) Josephus, 
to whom Vespasian granted a triumphal 
statue. Hieronym. FL. PA. Then with 
regard to the word itself, it is doubted 
whether it should be Arabarches or 
A lab arches; see F. and R's ex- 
cursus. 



16 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. I. 



Cujus ad effigiem non tantum mejere fas est. 
Vestibulis abeunt veteres lassique clientes 
Votaque deponunt, quamquam longissima ccenae 
Spes homini. Caules miseris atque ignis emendus. 
135 Optima silvarum interea pelagique vorabit 

Rex horum vacuisque toris tantum ipse jacebit. 

Nam de tot pulcris et latis orbibus et tarn 

131. Pers. i. 114. PR. ' It is allow- 'while there is life there is hope.' 
able to commit any nuisance.' vi. 309. Hence it was that to Hadrian's question 
BRI. R. ' What is the longest thing V Epictetus 

132. See 95 sq. Veteres is in aggra- answered • Hope.' R. 

vation of the neglect. R. The two 134. ' With their paltry dole they have 

classes of patron and client compre- to buy a bunch of greens and a little 

hended nearly all the citizens of Rome, firewood on their way home ; and then 

A patron was a man of rank and fortune, they must wait till the vegetables are 

under whose care the meaner people boiled, before they can appease their 

voluntarily put themselves, and, in con- hunger.' 

sequence of it, were denominated his 136. BafftXtTs, Lucian repeatedly; 

clients. The patron assisted his client h<rrorus. Id. Nigr. Rex ; v. 14. 137. 

with his influence and advice, and the viii. 161. Hor. 1 Ep. xvii. 43. Mart, 

client, in return, gave his vote to his III. vii. 5. V. xxii. 14. dominus; v. 

patron, when he sought any office for 81. 92. 147. R. Seneca somewhere 

himself or friends. The client owed his says that good cheer, without a friend to 

patron respect, the patron owed his client partake of it, is the entertainment of a 

protection. The early Romans threw a wild beast: and Alexis abuses a man for 

sanctity around this obligation on the being povoipuyos. G. 

patron's part. It was expressly enforced Ipse, as aiiros. cf. Aristoph. Th. 472. 

by a law of the Twelve Tables : patronus 541. 

si clienti frandem fecerit, sacer esto. At their meals, the men used to recline 

Virgil, many ages after, places the un- on sofas, and the ladies sat in chairs, 

just patron in Tartarus, among the vio- BO. cf. note on ii. 120. R. 

lators of natural and moral decorum: 137. See 75. Orbis denotes 'the 

hie quibus invisifratres, puhatusve parens, slab of a round table ;' xi. 122. 173. cf. 

etf raus innexa clienti ; 2E.\i.608. iv. 132. Mart. II. xliii. 9 sq. IX. lx. 

This state of mutual dependence, which 7 sqq. Their tables were oiiginally 

commenced with the monarchy, was pro- square ; v. 2. Varr. iv. 25. R. It was 

ductive of the happiest effects; till, as the ancient fashion to place before the 

riches and pride increased, new duties guests tables with the viands, and not to 

were imposed on the clients : they were change the dishes on the table. They had 

harassed with constant attendance, and two tables, one with the meat, &c. the 

mortified by neglect; in a word, they other with the dessert. When they had 

were little better than slaves. G. eaten as much meat as they wished, the 

133. Depon ere is opposed to suscipere. table itself was withdrawn, and the 

GR. second course or dessert was placed be- 

Longissima ' retained to the very last' fore them on a fresh table. The square 

or ' cherished all day long.' Lucian tables went out of fashion with the tri- 

(vrifi ruv i «r t fjt.icr$w ffuv'ovrav) says of clinia. The new-fashioned couch was of 

clients, h' ttiovris I act 1% a, po'vov <ro\ku{ a semicircular form called sigma, from 

anVias uirop'ivuv and wtT^axra/ avreTg its shape C ; and it held seven or eight 

ovTtv iv avavri <rw (iiu «r s £ a rvs persons; Mart. X. xlviii. 5 sq. XIV. 

iXirl'&os, $• 7 and 8. cf. vi. 166. lxxxvii. to suit these, r o u n d tables were 

Unless the words should be transposed introduced. As luxury advanced the 

thus votaque deponunt cccnce ; longissima number of tables was increased (some- 

quanquam spes homini, according to the times they had a fresh table with every 

old adage, cegroto dvm anima est spes est, course) ; and the guests either remained 



SAT. I. 



OF JUVENAL. 



17 



Antiquis una comedunt patrimonia mensa. 

Nullus jam parasitus erit ! Sed quis ferat istas 
140 Luxurise sordes? Quanta est gula, quae sibi totos 

Ponit apros, animal propter convivia natum ! 

Poena tamen praesens, quum tu deponis amictus 

Turgidus et crudum pavonem in balnea portas. 

Hinc subitee mortes atque intestata senectus. 
145 It nova nec tristis per cunctas fabula coanas: 

Ducitur iratis plaudendum funus amicis. 

Nil erit ulterius, quod nostris moribus addat 

Posteritas : eadem cupient facientque minores. 



in the same place while the tables were 
changed, or else removed to the fresh 
tables ; which latter Martial calls ambit- 
ions coena ; VII. xlviii. Both the number 
and size of these tables is here noticed. 
The diameter of the table, which consisted 
of a single slab, would depend on the size 
of the citron tree. And the beauty of 
the wood consisted in the number of its 
knots and veins. Whence Petronius 
says, citrearum mensarum Africa emtarum 
maculas matari auro viliori, et censum ita 
turbari. Their antiquity too is not over- 
looked : they had been famous in the 
family for several generations. And yet 
amidst all this profusion, one single course 
cost a fortune ! There seems an allusion 
to the gluttony of Clodius iEsopus, the 
actor, and his son. Plin. ix. 35. x. 51. 
Hor. II S. iii. 239 sqq. HN. Plut. Luc. 
p. 318 sq. Anton. V. p. 149. Suet. Cal. 
37. Vit. 13. R. LU. LI. AD. 

139. ' The parasite' trirov) paid 
for his dinner by flattery of his host. PR. 
Terence has given a masterly portrait of 
such a character in his Gnatho. M. 

' One consolation is, that the breed of 
parasites will become extinct ! and yet it 
may be questioned whether even a para- 
site could sit still and see such a disgust- 
ing exhibition of selfish gluttony.' 

140. quanta est gula, centies comesse! 
Mart. V. lxx. 5. memorabile magni gvt- 
turis exemplum; ii. 113. R. P. Ser- 
vilius Rullus was the first who had a 
wild boar dressed whole. Plin. viii. 51. 
PR. cf. v. 116. Suet. Tib. 34. Mart. 
VII. lix. It was often the top dish. 
Antony had eight served up; Plut. 
Caranus had one to each guest; Ath. 
iv. 1. R. 



141. Suillum pecus donatum ab natura 
dicunt ad epulandum; Var. R. R. II. 
iv. 10. PR. A certain philosopher con- 
jectured that 5s was the same as Qvs- us 
lis 6u<rtv Kui fftpayhv ftavovltfirmiuov' Clem. 
Al. Strom, ii. 4 For a banquet, not for 
a solitary meal.' R. 

Nat is in usum Icetitice scyphis pug- 
nare; Hor. I Od. xxvii. 1. PR. Oves, 
placidum pecus, inque tuendos natum ho- 
mines; Ov. M. xv. 116 sq. M. boves, 
animal natum tolerare labores ; Id. 120 sq. 
[Livy xxii, 4, 3. ED.] 

142. Culpam posna premit comes ; Hor. 
IV Od. v. 24. GR. Ill Od. ii. 31 sq. R. 
hi?ic (ex ebrietate) pallor et gence pendulce, 
oculorum ulcera, tremulaz manus effuri' 
dentes plena vasa ; et quam sit pain a 
press ens, furiales somni et inquies noc- 
turna ostendunt ; Plin. xiv. 22. BRI. 

Primus Q. Hortensius augurali cotna 
dicitur pavones posuisse. Quorum pretia 
statim extulerunt multi, ita at ova eorum 
denariis venirent quinis, ipsi facile quin- 
quagenis; Macr. Sat. iii. 13. PR. The 
flesh of this bird is very indigestible. 
Aug. de Civ. D. xxi. 4. ^45. 

143. Pers. iii. 98 sqq. PR. crudi tu- 
midique lavemur; Hor. I Ep. vi. 61. M. 

145. Avarus, nisi cum moritur, non rede 
facit. GR.E. 

146. Tristia f tin era ducunt; Virg. 
G. iv. 256. Pers. 105 sq. cf. Eund. vi. 
33 sq. LU. The friends are annoyed, 
both at the selfishness of the deceased, 
and at their having no legacies from him. 
M. 

147. See 87. R. 

148. Minores, understand natu, M. 
ii. 146. viii. 234. opposed to veteres; xiv. 
189. to majores; Ov.Tr. IV. x. 55. R. 



18 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. I. 



Omne in prsecipiti vitium stetit. Utere velis ; 

150 Totos pande sinus. Dicas hie forsitan {k Unde 
Ingenium par materia? ? unde ilia priorum 
Scribendi, quodcumque animo flagrante liberet, 
Simplicitas, cujus non audeo dicere nomen ? 
Quid refert dictis ignoscat Mucius, an non? 

155 Pone Tigellinum : tseda lucebis in ilia, 

Qua stantes ardent, qui fixo gutture fumant, 
Et latum media sulcum diducis arena." 



149. ' The climax is now complete: 
vice has reached its acme.' [Livy xxiv, 
7, 1. ED.] 

The poet here encourages himself to 
give full scope to his indignation in a 
familiar metaphor, cf. Yirg. G. ii. 41. 
iv. 117. Hor. I Od. xxxiv. 4. II Od. 
x. 23. IV Od. xv. 4. &c. R. 

150. From unde to arena, 157. is an 
anticipation of the objections supposed 
to be made by a friend. BRI. 

151. Observe the hiutus in materia 
vnde. See ii. 26. iii. 70. v. 158. vi. 247. 
468. &c. R. 

Pi tores viz. Eupolis, Cratinus, Aris- 
tophanes, Lucilius, Cato Censorinus, 
Terentius Varro, and Horace. PR. cf. 
Hor. II S. i. 62. R. 

153. Simplicitas, Tappvffix, ' The un- 
utterable name' was Libert as. BRI. 
cf. Suet. Cal. 27. PR. 

154. See Pers. i. 114 sq. ' T. Mucius 
Albutius had sufficient magnanimity and 
wisdom to disregard the attacks of Lu- 
cilius ; but had it been otherwise, the 
satirist would have little to dread from his 
resentment.' VS. M. 

155. ' Dare to put down the name of 
Tigellinns, and you will be treated as an 
incendiary.' C. OJfbuius Tigellinus of 
Agrigentum was recommended to the 
notice of Nero by his debaucheries. 
After the murder of Burrhus, he suc- 
ceeded to the command of the praetorian 
guards, and abused his ascendancy over 
the emperor to the most dreadful pur- 
poses. He afterwards betrayed him ; by 
which, and other acts of perfidy, he 
secured himself during Galba's short 
reign. He was put to death by Otho, to 
the great joy of the people, and died, as 
he had lived, a profligate and a coward. 
See 59. Who is here designated by the 
name of Tigellinus, cannot now be known ; 
even in Trajan's reign there were de- 



praved favourites, whose enmity it would 
be perilous to provoke. G. VS. Mart. 
III. xx. 16. GR&. PR. Suet. Galb. 
15. Pone may mean ' pourtray;' Pers. i. 
70. Hor. A. P. 34. R. 

Tceda — -fumant. The dreadful fire, 
which laid waste a great part of Rome in 
the reign of Nero, was found to have 
broken out in the house of Tigellinus. 
His notorious intimacy with the emperor 
corroborated the general suspicion that 
the conflagration was owing to design. 
Nero was exasperated at the discovery, 
and to avert the odium from his favourite, 
basely taxed the Christians with setting 
fire to the house. Thousands of those 
innocent victims were sacrificed in con- 
sequence : multitudo ingens convicli sunt: 
et pereuntibus addila ludibria, ut ferarum 
tergis contecti, laniatu canum interirent, 
aut crucibus adjixi, aut fiammandi ; atque, 
ubi defecisset dies, in usum nocturni luminis 
urerentur : liortos suos ei spectaculo Nero 
obtulerat, et circense ludicrum edebat ; 
Tac. An. xv. 44. G. This was called 
tunica punire molesta; viii. 235. BRO. 
circumdati defixis corporibus ignes; Sen. 
de Ira, iii. 3. LI. cogita illam tunicam 
ulimentis ignium illitam et intextam, et 
quicquid prater hcec scevitia commenta est; 
Id. ad Lucil. PR. Id. Ep. xiv. R. 

157. Homines defoderunt interram dimi- 
diates, ignemqxiecircumposuerunt; ita inter- 
fecerunt; Cat.ap.Gell.iii.14. GRO. [Sup- 
posing this tobe the case here, we may read 
(or, at any rate, interpret) the line thus; 
Et latum medius sulcum diducis arena, cf. 
Livy v, 38 ; xxi,55,5; (DR.)xliv,33. ED.] 
The ground in which the stake was fixed 
appears to have been more or less exca- 
vated ; poena Flavii Veiano Nigro tribuno 
mandatur, is proximo in agro scrobem 
effodijussit, quam Flavius vt liumilem et 
an gust am increpabat ; Tac. An. xv. 
Scrobem sibi fieri coram imperat dimen- 



SAT. I. 



OF JUVENAL. 



19 



Qui dedit ergo tribus patruis aconita, vehatur 
Pensilibus plumis atque illinc despiciat nos ? 

160 " Quura veniet contra, digito cornpesce labellum. 
Accusator erit, qui verbum dixerit, hic est. 
Securus licet JEneam Rutulumque ferocem 
Committas: nulli gravis est percussus Achilles, 
Aut multum quaesitus Hylas urnarnque sequutus. 

165 Ense velut stricto quoties Lucilius aniens 
Infremuit, rubet auditor, cui frigida mens est 
Criminibus: tacita sudant prgecordia culpa. 
Inde irse et lacrumae. Tecum prius ergo voluta 
Heec animo ante tubas: galeatum sero duelli 



sus ad corporis svi modulum ip<e Nero ; 
Suet. Ner. 49. These executions often 
took place * in the centre of the arena of 
the amphitheatre.' Suet. Cal. 7. PR. 
nemo spectator miser as voluptates unco et 
ignibus expiavit; Plin. Pan. xxxiii. 3. R. 
or ' You labour in vain, as if you were 
ploughing the sand. 5 cf. vii. 48 sq. M. 

158. Here the author replies indig- 
nantly. LU. See 67. PR.. ' Wolf's- 
bane' may be put for poison generally : 
luridaterribilesmiscent aconita norercee ; 
Ov. Met. i. 147. M. Id. vii. 418 sqq. 
Virg. G. ii. 152. R. 

159. ' On pensile couch of down.' VS. 

160. The friend now speaks. 

Contra ' in your way Mart. V. iv. 5. 
XIV. lxii. R. 

161. ' He will be regarded in the light 
of an accuser, who shall but have whis- 
pered " That's he" !' H. even although 
these words aie generally used in a 
favourable sense ; as Pers. i. 28. Mart. V. 
xiii. 3. R. or ' If a person does but say 
*' That's he!'' he will have an informa- 
tion laid against him.' PR. 

162. « You may without apprehension 
handle epic themes.' * The Rutulian' is 
Turnus. PR. cf. Hor. II S. i. 10 sqq. R. 
Nos enim, qui in foro verisque litibus 
terimur, multum malitice, quumiis nolimus, 
adducimus: schola et auditorium, ut ficta 
causu, ita res inermis innoxia est; Plin. 
There is the same idea in the Knight of 
the Burning Pestle: " Prol. By your 
sweet favour we intend no harm to the 
city. Cit. No, sir ! yes, sir. If you 
were not resolved to play the jack, what 
need you study for new subjects pur- 
posely to abuse your betters'! W hy could 



not you be content, as well as others, 
with the Legend of Whittington, the 
Story of Queen Eleanor, and the rearing 
of London Bridge upon woolsacks'? ' G. 

163. Committere is a metaphor from 
' matching' a pair of gladiators ' against 
each other.' GR.JE. vi. 378. 436. Luc. 
i. 97. R. 

Nec nocet auciori, mollem qui fecit 
Achitiem, infregisse suis mollia facta 
modis ; Ov. Tr. ii. 411 sq. GR. Achilles 
was shot with an arrow by Paris. PR. 
Horn. II. X 359. Od. XI 36 sqq. Virg. 
JE. vi. 57. R. 

164. ' Sought for by Hercules and the 
Argonauts.' Virg. E. vi. 43 sq. PR. 
G. iii. 6. R. 

165. Secuit Lucilius urbem; Pers. i. 
114. PR. Hor. I S. iv. 1 sqq. II S. i. 
62 sqq. R. cf. Suet. Cal. 53. Hor. 
Ill Od. i. 17 sqq. In Randolph's En- 
tertainment there is an admirable para- 
phrase of this passage: " When I but 
frown'd in my Lucilius' brow, Each con- 
scious cheek grew red, and a cold trem- 
bling Freezed the chill soul, while every 
guilty breast Stood, feaiful of dissection, 
as afraid To be anatomized by that skil- 
ful hand, And have each artery, nerve, 
and vein of sin, By it laid open to the 
public scorn." G. 

166. ' It shudders;' ' the blood run3 
cold.' M. formidine turpi frigida corda 
tremunt ; Sil. ii. 338. R. 

168. Hinc illce lacrumce ! Ter. And. I. 
i. 99. GRJE. 

Virg. M. iv. 533. vi. 158. 185. R. 

169. Tubas is here put for classica ' the 
sounds of the trumpet.' GZLE. cur ante 
tub am tremor cccupat artus; Virg. JK. 



20 



THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. 



170 Poenitet." Experiar, quid concedatur in illos, 
Quorum Flaminia tegitur cinis atque Latina. 



xi. 424. cf. Sil. ix. 52. Claud, in Ruf. 
i. 333. de L. Stil. i. 192. R. Juvenal 
is very fond of adopting Virgilian expres- 
sions; see 61. ii. 99. 100. vi. 44. (cf. i. 
36.) xii. 94. &c. HR. 

Galeatus denotes not merely ' a soldier,' 
as in viii. 238. but one who has buckled 
on his helmet (cf. vi. 252.); since it 
appears from Trajan's Pillar, that before 
soldiers went into battle, their helmets 
were suspended from the right shoulder. 
HR. 

Sero; compare St Luke xiv. 31. 
Diiellum is the ancient form of helium, 
and hence the word perduellis. F. 

170. The Poet declares that he will 



wage war on the dead alone. PR. 
Hall, on the contrary, says, " I will not 
ransack up the quiet grave, Nor burn 
dead bones as he example gave; I tax 
the living, let the ashes rest, Whose 
faults are dead, and nailed in their chest." 
Yet Hall, like Juvenal, makes use of the 
names of those departed. G. 

171. ' The Flaminian and Latin ways,' 
as well as the Appian, were adorned on 
either side with the sepulchres of many 
illustiious men: VS. v. 55. for the laws 
of the Twelve Tables prohibited sepulture 
within the walls. The Latin way led to 
Sinuessa. PR. 



SATIRE II. 



ARGUMENT. 

This Satire, in point of time, was probably the first which Juvenal wrote. 
It contains an irregular but animated attack upon the hypocrisy of 
philosophers and reformers ; whose wickedness it exposes with just se- 
verity, 1 — 2S. Domitian here becomes the hero : and the poet must have 
had an intrepid spirit to produce and circulate, though but in private, 
such a faithful picture of that ferocious tyrant, at once the censor and 
the pattern of profligacy, 29 sqq. The corruption, beginning at the 
head, is represented as rapidly spreading downwards, 34 — 81. 

Such was the depravity and impiety, that a club was formed to dress up as 
females and burlesque the rites of the Good Goddess, 82 — 114. There 
were even instances of men marrying each other, 115 — 142. and of 
Roman nobles degrading themselves by playing the gladiator, 143 — 148. 

Infidelity was now universal. How would the heroes of primitive Rome 
receive in the shades below their degenerate posterity ! 149 — 158. Even 
the victorious progress of the Roman arms served but to diffuse corrup- 
tion more widely, 159 — 170. G. R. 

There is a close correspondence between this Satire and Dio Chrysost. 
srtgi <r%nfturoi Oral. Alex. hab. HX, 



22 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. II. 



Ultra Sauromatas fugere hinc libet et glacialem 
Oceanum, quoties aliquid de moribus audent, 
Qui Curios simulant et Bacchanalia vivunt. 
Indocti primum; quamquam plena omnia gypso 
Chrysippi invenias. Nam perfectissimus horum est, 
Si quis Aristotelem similem vel Pittacon emit, 
Et jubet archetypos pluteum servare Cleanthas. 
Fronti nulla fides. Quis enim non vicus abundat 
Tristibus obsccenis? Castigas turpia, quum sis 



1. ' Fain would I flee.' cf. xv. 171 sq. 
Prop. II. xxx. 2. R. Hor. Ill Od. x. 1. 

The Saw omatce, or Sarmatte, (iii. 79. 
Herod, iv. 21. &c.) inhabited the banks 
of theTanais and Borysthenes; GR. PR. 
the province of Astracan. 

The icy or northern ocean : et qua 
bruma rigens ac nescia vere remitti, ad- 
strivgit ScytJiico glacialem fi'igore 
p on turn; Luc. i. 17. AT. 

2. Understand doctre, scribere, aut dis- 
putare. GR. In this line, as in vv. 40, 
63, and 121, there is a side blow at the 
Perpetual Censorship which Domilian 
had assumed. HR. 

3. Simulare ' to pretend to be what one 
is not;' di&simulure ' to pretend not to 
be what one is.' 

M'. Curius Dcntatus, thrice consul, 
conqueror of the Sabines, Samnites, Lu- 
canians, and I'yrrhus, was a pattern of 
frugality and integrity. Val. Maxim, 
iv. 3, 5. Plin. xviii. 3. PR. xi. 78 sqq. 
Anhpieis incamptis illuin, Deciane, ca- 
pillis! (cf. Hor. I Od. xii. 41 sqq.) 
cujus et ipse times trhte supercilium ; qui 
loquitur Cu r ios, assertoresqueCamillos: 
nolito fronti credere; Mait.I.xxv. 
VII. Iviii. 7 sq. IX. xxviii. 5 sqq. Quid? 
si quis vultu torvo ferns, el pede nudo, 
exiguccque toga s imv let textore Cato- 
n cm, virtutemue reprcesentet morcsque Cu- 
lonist Hor. I Ep. xix. 12 sqq. R. 

Bacchanalia: cf. Liv. xxxix. 8 r.qq. PR. 
A Grecism for bacchanlium more. M. 
A unc Satyrum, nunc a gr est em Cue I op a 
movetur; Hor. II Ep. ii. 125. In 
these rites the grossest vices were prac- 
tised under the cloak of religion. R. 

4. These unlearned pretenders had 
brought out of the schools little wisdom, 
but plenty of conceit. HR. 

Understand loca : 'every corner of 
their libraries and halls.' LU. 

Gypso ' of plaster casts or busts.' LU. 



5. Chrusippus, the Stoic, pupil of Zeno 
and Cleanthes. LU. Pers. vi. 80. PR. 

Est i. e. in their estimation. LU. 

6. ' A fac-simile of Aristotle/ the 
Stagyrite, pupil of Plato, founder of the 
Peripatetic sect, tutor of Alexander the 
great. PR. Thus similtm te ' an image 
of thee;' Stat. 1 S. i. 101. II S. vii. 
129. Mart. IX. cii. 1. R. 

Pittacus, Dictator of Mitylene, one of 
the seven sages. LU. 

7. ' Originals' (uo%>/i tu-xoC). T. Mart. 
VII. x. 4. XII. lxix. 2. R. 

Pluteum ' the bookcase.' VS. Pers. v. 
106. PR. 

Cleanthes, originally a pugilist, was 
afterwards pupil of Zeno, and his succes- 
sor in the Stoic School : while student he 
was so poor that he used to work at 
night in drawing water for gardeners, and 
was hence cal led <poi/ivr\vu . L U. There- 
fore some prefer the reading puteum. 
VA. GRJE. 11. Pers. v. 64. PR. 

If Lucian had read Juvenal, he might 
have this passage in his thought when 
he wrote his Illiterate Book-collector. 
Locher, who translated Brandt's Ship of 
Fools, had undoubtedly both Lucian and 
Juvenal before him, when he gave the 
following ver.-ion: spem quoquencc parvam 
collecta volumina prcchent, calleo nec ver- 
hum, nec libri senlio mentem, atlamen in 
magna per me serv antur honore. G. 

9. 1 Solemn debauchees:' cerumnosique 
Solones, obstipo capite et figentes lumine 
terram; Pers. iii. 79. GR. Philosophivul- 
tum et trislitiam et dissentientem a 
ceteris habilum pessimis 7noribus prceten- 
dunt; Quint. I. pr. §. 15. Pigriticc 
arrogantioris (homines), qui, subito fronte 
conficla immissaque barba, paulum aliquid 
sederunt in scholis philosophorum ,ut deinde 
in publico tristes, domi di sso luti, cap- 
tarent auctoritalem contemlu ceterorum ; 
Id. XII. iii. 12. HR. 



SAT. II. 



OF JUVENAL. 



23 



10 Inter Socraticos notissima fossa cinaedos. 

Hispida membra quidem et durae per brachia setae 
Promittunt atrocem animum ; sed podice levi 
Caeduntur tumidag, medico ridente, mariscae. 
Rams sermo illis et magna lubido tacendi 

15 Atque supercilio brevier coma. Verius ergo 
Et magis ingenue Peribomius. Hunc ego fatis 
Imputo, qui vultu morbum incessuque fatetur. 
Horum simplicitas miserabilis ; his furor ipse 
Dat veniam : sed pejores, qui talia verbis 

20 Herculis invadunt et de virtu te loouuti 



Costigas, fyc. cf. Rom. ii. 1. M. 

10. ' The most notorious sink of all 
the depraved pretenders to Socratic phi- 
losophy.' As Juvenal admired Socrates, 
xiii. 185 sqq. xiv. 320. and is here attack- 
ing hypocrisy, (Mart. IX. xlviii. R.) the 
alteration of the text to Sotadicos is worse 
than unnecessary, for Sotades was no 
hypocrite. G. 

11. Cf. ix. 15. xiv. 194. Mart. II. 
xxxvi. VI. lvi. R, Ov. Met. xiii. 850. 
LU. These were Stoici pcene Cynici; 
Cic. Off. i. 35. HR. 

12. V. Flacc. i. 272. Claud, iv. Cons. 
Hon. 521. Spondet ; vii. 134. trrturai, 
Horn. II. r 83. E 832. I 241. R. 

Atrox animus Cutonis ; Hor. II 
Od. i. 24. R. 

" But all so smooth below ! the surgeon 
smiles, And scarcely can, for laughter, 
lance the piles." G. 

14. The Pythagorean philosophers ex- 
acted rigid silence from their pupils. GR. 
ieoguv aliTob; xoffftiojg (hab > 'iZ > o'iTa;, avafoi- 
$\r,[tivcu; svtrraXu; pgovri^owras ku appi- 
veoTovs, Iv f-ovoiot; t»v$ nrkUffvoos, 
ovSiv ajhsbv ovo*' av •ttuvv \$ to ttbtaipo^o* 
V-ttgiKv'lTTOV, W ZXTX'SiXTOV uvttt xa) xwi - 
xov aTiyrvZ;. aXX' it) too fiso-ov xaTacrrn 
ftM-05, o aotffrav aTavrzs uvai (fixo-iv r t 
rovTwv oXiyov aoi (AXu a^oi; av ihtrraXn; 
•a avafiiXh xa) o Tojycov fictdv; xal Iv X,i^ 
*l xevgd ; xa) %cyi arto trx'tuarav xa) 
^x^KTjUaTav xa) xovaa; ^iay;yvcotrxiiv rob; 
a^'io-rovi' h V av fin £%y ravra ft'/iTz 
trxv^wrbs ?i r-a) tpoovTitrnxh «*a tqoo-ojtov, 
Lnoboziiiao-Tios xa) aTofiXyi-'zo; ; Luc. 
Hermot. 18. R. 

15. The Stoics, who were the most 
rigid sect, (64 sq. iv. 76.) cut their hair 
quite close to the head ; whence the pro- 
verb crine Stoicus; and detonw juventus ; 



Pers. iii. 54. LU. a^o-itxtv ovx Xiriotxi x'o(A'/\ 
was the opinion of Phocyllides. GR. 
cf. 1 Cor. xi. 14. Hi. There is humour 
in the use of supercilio, as alluding to 
their affectation of superciliousness, v. 
62. R. 

Verius ' with more candour.' Cic. Or. 
ii. 86. R. 

16. A fictitious name, from tso) and 
(Zapos.in allusion perhaps to the dissolute 
priests of Cybele. VS. 

Fatis 1 to an unfortunate constitution.' 
Stupet hie vitio; Pers. iii. 32. ' To a 
malign horoscope.' PR. cf. Manil. v. 
105. GR. ' To irresistible destiny.' R. 

17. ' His sin and its consequences.' v. 
50. ix. 49. Rom. i. 27, latter part. M. 

Fatetur ' manifests,' ' openly shows.' x. 
172. xv. 132. Perhaps quern would be 
preferable to qu i. R. 

18. ' Of him and the like.' R. 

Vera sim p I i c it a t e bonus : Mart. I. 
xl. 4. R. 

' To be pitied.' rovrovs \Xiuo-(ai Tgott- 
nxw Gal. de Us. Part. xi. poi xoan- 
7tov \5zXoxax'naavra xa) to. \Z-a i^riargt- 
ipaiira xa) ahixuv ovx apvov/avov It) tv\v 
xoivhv ix-iv/iv otToXoytav xaraQuyilv (Xiyu 
l\ tv^wv xa) /aoTgav xa) eifcagftevtjv) 

xai Ta^aiTiicSai o-vyyva/anv £%nv fj.ot rev; 
lyriTiitavra,;, u^o-ra; u; ov^-vo; hu.u; xvptai, 
aXX' vto rivo; xossttcvos, fjJaXXav %\ f/.ia; 
Tav Tooiioy] t u-vav a~yo t u.i§a. ov% \xovrz;, 
aXX avairiot TavTaTacrtv ovt-$ a av Xiycu- 
fi-v q vcicouiv Luc.'Asr t.r \ (610-6 trw. 
9. R. 

19. ' They may be acquitted on the 
ground of insanity.' 

With talia understand flagitia or vitia. 
cf. 34. 

20. * Herculean,' or • in such language 
as Prodicus has put in the mouth of 



24 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. II. 



Clunem agitant. " Ego te ceventem, Sexte, verebor?" 
Infamis Varillus ait. " Quo deterior te ? 
Loripedem rectus derideat, iEthiopem albus. 
Quis tulerit Gracchos de seditione querentes ? 
25 Quis coelum terris non misceat et mare ccelo, 
Si fur displiceat Verri, homicida Miloni ? 
Clodius accuset mcechos, Catilina Cethegum ? 



Hercules.' GRJE. (c(. Pers. v. 34 sq. 
PR.) Xen. Mem. ii. 1. Cic. OfF. 
i. 32. M. aKevtretT ', Z Sr&ictxts [or 
Xtmx!;], sftvogoi Xrioou, Xoyuv vvo' 

K(>lTYl£tS. o'l JU.0V0I •TUV-TCt TO 'v TOIg TlVOi^l, 

•xpjv n too trotyco ^ovvcci avra) xu.Tu.^po<pi7Tt' 
xcctf aXiffxiirh ivctvrict vr^uirffovTi; ols 
'T^aycuburi S^vWuti yci^. ort jut) 
tcov ffcofidrav, uWa rns "^v^ws Igctv 
Herm. in Athen. xiii. 15. p. 563. R. 
These Stoics affected to imitate Hercules. 
HR. 

21. « Act the wanton.' 
Ceventem ' indulging in lewdness.' 

22. Vurillus, a beggarly debauchee, 
being threatened with punishment by 
Sextus, a magistrate of depraved cha- 
racter, takes occasion to shelter himself 
by recrimination. He aggravates the 
hypocrisy of his judge by various ex- 
amples, till the accumulated force of the 
charge is turned upon Domitian. G. 
cf. Hor. IIS. vii. 40 sqq. R. Pers. iv. 
23 sq. GR. 

23. ' One who has his legs twisted 
like a thong.' PR. 

Vicinia solis usque ad speciem nigri 
colons exussit JEthiopas, torridce ni- 
inirurn zona- subjectos ; Macrob. de Som. 
Sc. ii. 10. Pl'in. ii. 78. Diod. iv. 1. 
PR. 

Qui alterum accutat probri, eum ipsum 
se intueri o]>ortet ; Plaut. True. I. ii. 58. 
GR. St Matth. vii. 3—5. M. 

24. Ti. and C. Sempronii Gracchi were 
brothers, nobly descended and virtuously 
educated, but too ambitious for their 
times. To carry an Agrarian law, which 
they had proposed, they stuck at no 
means however inconsistent with that 
liberty of which they were the professed 
champions. They both met with violent 
deaths, the former at the hands of Scipio 
Nasica, the latter about thirteen years 
afterwards, by order of the consul 
Opimius. Of their characters Dio says: 
\xi~vo; [Av &<t' a^JTjjj Ij tytXoriftiav , -xen 
\\ uhryii if xotxlecv t%coxti\iv cvto; %t retaa- 



Xubrii n Qvau riv, xcc) \xuv Xfotn^iviro' 
fr. 90. Cicero speaks in high terms of 
the abilities of the younger brother : 
T. Gracchum sequutus est C. Gracchus, 
quo ingenio! quanta gravitate dicendi, ut 
dolerent boni omnes, non ilia tanta orna- 
menta ad meliorem mentem voluntatemque 
esse conversa; de Ar. Resp. 41. From 
the present passage it appears that Ju- 
venal thought them seditious; they 
certainly set a pernicious example to the 
ambitious men of the subsequent age. 
After Sylla, Marius, and Cinna had 
devastated the commonwealth by their 
sanguinary feuds and proscriptions, the 
people, weary of fierce contentions from 
which they gained nothing, threw them- 
selves into the arms of tyranny, the ordi- 
nary refuge from the evils of licentious 
anarchy. G. 

25. An imitation of non si terra mari 
miscebitur, et mare coelo ; Lucr. iii. 854. 
1 Who would not exclaim, coelum, O 
terra, maria Neptuni!' Ter. Ad. V. iii. 
4. LU. vi. 283 sq. Virg. M. i. 133. 
V. 790. Liv. iv. 3. ti\ yv\ rov ovgavov 
a,vctf*s/u,i%(}oii- Luc. Prom. 9. R. " O 
all you host of heaven ! O earth ! What 
else? And shall I couple hell?" Shaksp. 
Ham. I. v. See note on 75. 

26. The extortions of C. Verres, in 
Gaul, Cilicia, and more especially in 
Sicily, where he was proconsul, are well 
known from Cicero's orations. R. 

T. Annius Milo killed P. Clodius, and 
was defended unsuccessfully by Cicero. 

27. P. Clodius was guilty of incest 
with his own sister, and of adultery with 
Pompeia, the wife of Caesar. He was a 
bitter enemy of Cicero, and the chief 
author of his banishment. GRAh. M. 
This name is the same as Claudius. R. 

L. Sergius Catilina and Corn. Cethegus 
were accomplices in the formidable con- 
spiracy which was frustrated by the 
exertions of Cicero. Sail. Cat. PP. 
viii. 231. x. 287. R. 



SAT. n. 



OF JUVENAL. 



25 



In tabulam Sullae si dicant discipuli tres? 
Qualis erat nuper tragico pollutus adulter 

30 Concubitu, qui tunc leges revocabat amaras 
Omnibus atque ipsis Veneri Martique timendas, 
Quum tot abortivis fecundam Julia vulvam 
Solveret et patruo similes effunderet offas." 
Nonne igitur jure ac merito vitia ultima fictos 

35 Contemn unt Scauros et castigata remordent ? 
Non tulit ex illis torvum Lauronia quemdam 



28. ' The proscription-list.' Flor. iii. 
21. V. Max. ix. 2. GRjE. 

Sulla : see i. 16. 

Dicere in may be either ' to inveigh 
against, as accusers/ or * to condemn, as 
judges.' R. 

' The three disciples' are most probably 
the second triumvirate, Octavius, Antony, 
and Lepidus, who imitated Sulla in the 
extent and cruelty of their proscriptions : 
Flor. v. 4. The former triumvirate of 
Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus, was formed 
within twenty years of Sulla's death. 
VS. R. Both these triumvirates might 
have said with Shylock, " The villainy 
you teach us, we will execute; and it 
shall go hard, but we will better the 
instruction;" Shaksp. M. of V. III. 
i. G. 

29. ' Such a rigid censorwas Domitian.' 
Suet. Dom. 8. HR. Nostine hos, qui 
omnium libidinum servi, sic aliorum vitiis 
irascuntur, quasi invideant ; et gravissime 
puniunt, quos maxime imitantur ; Plin. 
Ep. i. 22. FA. Sf^vo; %l xce) uv$gz; xk) 
yvvu.7x.is tmv vfXovffiuv It) (toi^i'ia. ixo'Ka.- 
ffU'/iirav, aiv 'iviott k,ou vvr alrou i{ioi% i iv(!'/}(rix.v' 
D. Cass. Ixvii. 12. Nec minore scelere 
quam quod ulcisci videbatur, Domitianus 
absentem inauditamque Corneliam damnavit 
incesli, cum ipsefratris filiam, incesto non 
polluisset solum, verum etiam occidissei ! 
Plin. iv. 11. G. Domitian, after having 
declined the hand of Julia the daughter of 
his brother Titus, seduced her, although 
she was then married to Sabinus. During 
the lifetime of her father and husband, 
however, he kept the intrigue secret. R. He 
had previously taken away Domitia Lon- 
gina from her husband ^Elius Lamia. M. 

* Tragic,' ' full of horrors :' as were 
the guilty loves of Thyestes and Aerope, 
the passion of Phaedra for her step-son 
Hippolytus, PR. the marriage of CEdipus 
and Jocasta, &c. HK. [Livy i, 46. ED.] 



30. ' The Julian andScatinian laws;' 
the former against adultery, the latter 
against unnatural vices : 44. Suet. 8. The 
epigrammatist makes this re-enactment 
the grounds of courtly panegyric ; Mart. 
VI. ii. IX. vii. PR. cf. vi. 368. E. 

31. Omnibus shows the universal de- 
pravity of the times. R. 

' Venus and Mars' were detected by 
Vulcan. LU. Ov. M. iv. 171 sqq. 

32. ' Drugs to procure abortion.' vi. 
368. 595 sq. R. These medicines were 
repeated in stronger doses, and the last 
proved fatal. Suet. 22. PR. 

33. ' Her uncle' Domitian was ill- 
made. Suet. 18. GR. 

' Shapeless lumps.' xv. 11. It does 
not follow from the epithet fecundam and 
the plural offas, that more than one mis- 
carriage was caused. R. 

34. Vitia ultima, by hypallage, for 
'the very worst of men;' LU. the ab- 
stract for the concrete : M. thus lobes ac 
cosnum; Cic. scelus; Plaut. Bac. V. ii. 
57. &c. R. Ter. And. III. v. l.and^j 
for <po(Zigov' Her. vii. 112. 

35. M. JEmilius Scaurus is described 
as homo vitia sua callide occultans; Sail. 
Jug. 18. LU. Hor. I S. iii. 62. But 
on comparing xi. 90 sq. we may presume 
that the family, rather than the individual, 
is alluded to : ' Those who pretend to 
be Scauri.' R. 

* Bite in return.' Hor. Ep. vi. Lucr. 
iii. 839. iv. 1131. R. 

36. ' Of those hypocrites.' PR. 
Torvum * crabbed ;' or, if coupled with 

clamantem, ' sternly ;' M. as Virg. M. 
vii. 399. Sil. xi. 99. R. 

Lauronia, according to Martial, was 
orba, dives, anus, vidua ; II. xxxii. 6. PR. 
The fable of ' the Lion and the Painter' 
(Spect. No. xi.) is admirably illustrated 
by her attack : which not only does 
away, in advance, several of the heaviest 



26 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. II. 



Clamantem toties: " Ubi nunc lex Julia? dormis?" 
Ad quern subridens : " Felicia tempora, quae te 
Moribus opponunt ! Habeatjam Roma pudorem ! 

40 Tertius e ccelo cecidit Cato. Sed tamen unde 
Haec emis, hirsute spirant opobalsama collo 
Quae tibi? Ne pudeat dominum monstrare tabernoe. 
Quod si vexantur leges ac jura, citari 
Ante omnes debet Scatinia. Respice primum 

45 Et scrutare viros: faciunt hi plura; sed illos 

Defendit numerus junctaeque umbone phalanges. 
Magna inter molles concordia. Non erit ullum 
Exemplum in nostro tarn detestabile sexu. 



charges against the women in Sat. vi. 
but retorts them with good effect on the 
men. G. 

37. ' The Julian law,' v. 30. was 
enacted by Augustus, and called Julian, 
because Augustus was adopted into that 
family by the will of his great uncle, 
and, consequently, took the name of C. 
Jul. Caesar. GR. 

Fernlce cessent, et idus dor mi ant in 
Octobres; Mart. X. Ixii. 10 sq. pessuli 
dormiunt; Plaut. Cure. I. ii. 66. R. 
oi Auxttictiftoviot, Xuovrts lv Xgt!<z TtlV 
uripuzv rcuv xXovruv <7Ttp) YlvXov. iQctrav 

" K I /A U. ff 6 U) V 01 VOftOt T'/ifllgOV'" App. 

Pun. 112. RI. cf. 43. 

38. Understand inquit. LU. 

' Smiling ironically.' LU. Virg. 2E. 
x. 742. R. 

39. See note on Pers. v. 178. PR. 

40. Both M. Porcius Cato the Censor 
(thence called Ceiisorius) and his great- 
grandson, surnamed Uticensis from his 
death at Utica, were men of most rigid 
morals, and strict disciplinarians. VS. 
PR. Thus Stertinius is called sayientum 
octavus; Hor. II S. iii. 296. R. See 
note on 2. HR. 

Any thing of extraordinary excellence 
(xi. 27.), or occurring unexpectedly in a 
time of great emergency, [Livy xxii, 29, 
2 ; ED.] was said to have come down 
from heaven. R. A pinnace, which 
(Herodotus says viii. 94.) fell in with the 
Corinthians h'm iropvy. is called by 
Plutarch o l^u, v o-r i r w 

41. Lauronia may be said to have 
smelt this censor out, notwithstanding his 
assumed odour of sanctity. M. 

Hirsuto, see 11. R, 



* Exhale fragrance:' ambrosiceque comce 
divin um vertice odorem spiravere ; 
Virg. JE. i. 407. 

Opobalsama was the juice which exuded 
from the wounds made in the balsam 
tree ; respecting this, the xylobalsamum, 
and the carpobalsamum, see Plin. H. N. 
xii. 15 s 25. LU. Mart. XIV. lix. R. 

42. 1 By the way, I should very much 
like to know the shop, where you bought 
such lady-like perfumes ; why should you 
be ashamed to tell me!' PR. M. 

43. [Livy xxvii, 7, f. ED.] Vir bonus 
est quis? qui consulta patrum, qui leges 
j uraque serval ; Hor. I Ep. xvi. 4 1 . 
i. e. the decrees of the Senate, ' the 
statute-law, and the common-law.' M. 

Vexari ' to be roused into action' is 
opposed to dormire. M. cf. 37. 

44. See v. 30. 

45. ' More things deserving of repro- 
bation and punishment.' R. 

46. Ipse metus eisolverat audax turba 
suos: quidquid multis peccatur, inultum 
est; Luc. v. 259 sq. VS. pudorem rei 
toilet multitudo peccantium, et desinet esse 
probri loco commune delictum ; Sen. Ben. 
iii. 16. Clem. i. 22. R. 

• By locking their shields one in the 
other' the testudo was formed. PR. 
<P^u.\a.\Tti <ru.x.o; o-umi, keffii u.£ airxih' 
igsio*i, u>; irvKtoi Itpia'Tocffoc.v a.XXnXoi<ri' 

Hom.Il.Nl30sqq. n212sqq. R. See 
note on (p^u^avra ru, yippx' Her. ix. 61. 

' The phalanx' was the Macedonian 
disposition of heavy infantry. LU. 

47. Cf. Cat. lvii. 1. 10. similis simili 
gaudet, and Mart. VIII. xxxv. GR. 

48. Exemplum ' an example or in- 
stance,' exemplar * a pattern.' GR. 



SAT. II. 



OF JUVENAL. 



27 



Taedia non lambit Cluviam nec Flora Catullam : 
50 Hispo subit juvenes et morbo pallet utroque. 
Numquid nos agimus causas? civilia jura 
Novimus? aut ullo strepitu fora vestra movemus? 
Luctantur paucse ; comedunt coliphia paucae. 
Vos lanam trahitis calathisque peracta refertis 
55 Vellera: vos tenui prsegnantem stamine fusum 
Penelope melius, levius torquetis Arachne, 
Horrida quale facit residens in codice pellex. 
Notum est, cur solo tabulas impleverit Hister 
Liberto, dederit vivus cur multa puellae. 



49. These are the real or fictitious 
names of notorious courtezans at Rome; 
as Hispo was of some infamous wretch. R. 

Lambit ' fondles not.' 

Catulla ; x. 322. Mart. VIII. liii. R. 

50. Subit ' submits to be caressed by.' 
Prop. III. xix. 14. R. 

Morbo utroque ' with twofold sin.' 

51. * We trespass not on your depart- 
ment, therefore why should you usurp 
our province V Plutarch mentions one 
instance of a woman's pleading her own 
cause, which was regarded by the Senate 
as portentous : Comp. Lyc.et Num. LU. 
Lnteream, si nov i civilia jura ! Hor. 
I S. ix. 38 sq. 

52. Vestra ' all your own.' Amassia, 
Afrania, and Hortensia were considered 
indelicate for having spoken in the forum. 
V. Max. viii. 3. PR. But cf. vi. 242. R. 

53. 1 To be sure there may be some 
few wrestlers among us, but then they 
are but a few.' cf. i. 22 sq. vi. 245 sqq. 
Mart. Sp. vi. PR. 

Coliphia, because they make xuXa. 
' the limbs' tyia ' strong." The diet of 
athletes. Mart. VII. lxvii. 12. J. Plaut. 
Pers. I. iii. 12. PR. Or from xaXfaiov or 
xo}\r,q>iov, diminutive of xuXyi xtoXnv. SA. 
cf. xi. 20. R. ' Rump steaks.' SN. BO. 
This etymology of our English word 
collop has been overlooked : " Take 
notice what plight you find me in, if 
there want but a collop or a steak 
o'me, look to't ;" Beaum. and Fl. Maid 
in the Mill. 

54. Paucaque cum tacta per feci 
stamina tela; Ov. Ep. H. xix. 49. 
H. Tib. I. vi. 78 sqq. R. 

* In work-baskets.' LU. 

55. ' The spindle big with slender 
thread.' M. cf. Pers. vi. 73. PR, 



56. Penelope, queen of Ithaca, amused 
her importunate suitors by a promise to 
choose one of their number as soon as 
she had finished a pall which she was 
then weaving for Laertes; but delayed 
her decision by undoing at night, what 
was worked during the day. Hence the 
proverb Penelopes telam texere. LU. 
Horn. Od. T 137 sqq. R. 

'More nimbly:' levi teretem ver- 
sa!) at pollice fusum \ Ov. Met. vi. 22. 
XivTT nXa.Ka.ra a- r g u <p a> c «' Hom. 
Od. P 97. R. 

Arachne, a Lydian damsel, challenged 
Pallas in weaving, and, being vanquished, 
hung herself and was transformed into a 
spider. Ov. Met. vi. 1 sqq. LU. cf. 
Plin. vii. 56. PR. 

57. When the mistress of a family 
detected any improper familiarity between 
a female slave and her roaster, she used 
to fasten her to a large ' log of wood' 
and keep her to constant work. VS. 
caudicis immundi vinculo sentit : et 
graviora r ep en dit iniquis p ens a qua- 
sillis; Prop. IV. vii. 44 and 41. Plaut. 
Pcen. V. iii. 34. R. 

Pelles, <7ra.XXa.xy1, ' a concubine/ the 
mistress of a married man. M. 

58. Opinor omnibus et lippis notum 
et tonsoribus esse ; Hor. I S. vii. 2 sq. LU. 
Yirg. E. iii. 8. PR. See note on vi. 366. 

Post meritum sane mirandum , omnia 
soli breviter dabit; xii. 124 sq. LU. 
vi. 601. R. 

This Pacuvius Hister was an infamous 
wretch, who had made his fortune by 
legacy-hunting; xii. Ill sqq. LU. 

59. ' During his life-time,' because it 
was illegal to bequeath a fortune to 
one's wife. PR. 

Lauronia, by calling the wife puella, 



28 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. II. 



60 Dives erit, magno quae dormit tertia lecto. 
Tu nube atque tace : donant arcana cylindros. 
De nobis post hsec tristis sententia fertur : 
Dat veniam corvis, vexat censura columbas." 
Fugerunt trepidi vera ac manifesta canentem 

65 Stoicidae. Quid enim falsi Lauronia ? Sed quid 
Non facient alii, quum tu multicia sumas, 
Cretice, et hanc vestem populo mirante perores 
In Proculas et Pollitas ? Est mcecha Labulla : 
Damnetur, si vis, etiam Carfinia. Talem 

70 Non sumet damnata togam. " Sed Julius ardet; 



insinuates that the husband had neglected 
her, to follow his vile propensities. LU. 
Uxor virgo inaneret ; ix. 72. paella ; 74. 
M. See also i. 84. iii. 160. iv. 35. 1 1 4. 
xiii. 80. &c. 

60. ' A wife, who consents to sleep 
three in a bed, is sure to make her fortune 
by the hush-money she will receive.' 
LU. M. 

61. Lauronia here apostrophizes the 
unmarried, telling them beforehand what 
they have to expect. M. 

' Your keeping a secret will ensure 
presents of costly jewels.' LU. Plin. 
xxxvii. 5. GR. cf. vi. 459. PR. 

62. ' If this be so, the melancholy 
truth is told of us in the proverb.' FA. 

63. See 2. HR. Of course « ravens' 
and ' doves' designate ' men' and ■ women.' 
LU. Democrates, Zaleucus, and Ana- 
charsis compared laws to cobwebs, which 
only catch small insects, whereas larger 
ones break through them. Ter. Phor. III. 
ii. 16. R. 

64. Trepidi 'conscience-stricken;' as 
the Pharisees were in St John viii. 9. M. 
There is sarcasm in this word, for the 
Stoics professed to he uv-uhis- LU. 

Canentem ' delivering oracularly :' can- 
tare ; Plaut. Bac. IV. ix. 61. Mos. IV. 
ii. 64. Rud. II. v. 21. R. 

65. Stoicidce ' These new-fangled Stoics;' 
formed as AZacida, Priamidce, &c. PR. 
Thus ^TuxKig note on 20. R. Or rather 
' apes of the Stoics.' HR. 

Now the satire proceeds to the Stoici 
pcene Epicurei: cf. 11. HR. 

66. Quid domini f aciant, audent 
quum talia fures! Virg. E. iii. 16. 
GRM. 

' Thou, a magistrate !' PR. 

Multicia ' thin muslin robes,' 76. xi. 



186. called serica as coming from India 
through the country of the Seres, now 
Bocharia. They were first imported 
under the Emperors for ladies' dresses, 
but, being transparent (78. Tib. IV. vi. 
13.), gave great offence: video sericas 
vestes, si vestes vocandce sunt, in quibus 
nihil est quo defendi corpus aut denique 
pudor possit : §c. Sen. Ben. vii. 9. denudat 
j'acminas vestis; Plin. xi. 23. P. Syrus 
calls them ventus textilis and nebula linea. 
GR. R. G. See notes on vi. 259 sq. 

Siunas is the opposite to ponas. GR. 
cf. 74. iii. 56. 

67. By the name of Creticus (viii. 38.), 
is designated a degenerate descendant of 
the Ccccilius Metellus who acquired that 
appellation from the conquest of Crete ; 
with some allusion to the inexorable se- 
verity of the ancient Cretan judges, Minos 
and Rhadamanthus. GRM. HR. R. 

Perorare ' to sum up,' ' to deliver a 
studied harangue.' JVJ. 

68. By Procula (iii. 203.), Pollita, 
&cc. are meant females amenable to the 
Julian law. R. 

70. ' There is no denying her guilt : 
you may sentence her to infamy : and, 
when condemned, she may be obliged to 
lay aside the decent vest (stolam) and 
assume the gown of penance (togam) : 
but, bad as she is, she would never 
degrade herself by wearing such a 
gown.' LU. Cicero distinguishes the 
virilis toga from the muliebris stola ; Phil, 
but females of disreputable character 
were obliged to wear the former : hence 
the virtuous and the loose part of the sex 
were discriminated as stolatce and togalce. 
cf. Hor. I S. ii. 63. 82. Tib. I. vi. 68. 
IV. x. 3. Mart. II. xxxxix. X. Iii. RI. 
PR. G. R. 



SAT. II. 



OF JUVENAL. 



29 



iEstuo." Nudus agas ! Minus est insania turpis. 
" En habitum, quo te leges ac jura ferentem 
Vulneribus crudis populus modo victor et illud 
Montanum positis audiret vulgus aratris." 

75 Quid non proclames, in corpore judicis ista 

Si videas ? Quaero, an deceant multicia testem ? 
Acer et indomitus libertatisque magister, 
Cretice, perluces. Dedit hanc contagio labem 
Et dabit in plures ; sicut grex totus in agris 

80 Unius scabie cadit et porrigine porci, 
Uvaque conspecta livorem ducit ab uva. 

Fcedius hoc aliquid quandoque audebis amictu. 
Nemo repente venit turpissimus. Accipient te 



' These are the dog-days :' LU. tos- 
tam fervens Julius coquit messem ; Mart. 
X. Ixii. 7. R. 

71. 'If you are so dreadfully hot, you 
had better strip at once ! you might then 
have some claim upon our pity as a 
lunatic' LU. Kudus (as yvpvos) means 
with nothing but the tunic on; (Virg. 
G. i. 299.) R. instead of which, com- 
petitors at the games wore campestria 
' drawers.' Hor. I Ep. xi. 18. AD. 

With agas understand causas. R. 

72. ' A pretty dress, forsooth, you 
would adopt!' cf. Virg. M. iv. 597. xii. 
359 sqq. &c. R. 

73. " Our legions, with fresh laurels 
crown'd, And smarting still from many a 
glorious wound." G. 

75. As • Mare, terra, ccelum, Di vostram 
fidem !' Plaut. or ' tempora ! mores!' 
"Cic. Cat. i; 1. GR. Mart. IX. lxxi. R. 
See note on 25. PR. 

76. ' It would be indecent even in a 
witness: much more in a judge; and 
that judge a stoic !' An argument a for- 
tiori. BRI. GR. 

77. * Sour and rigid.' R. 

It was the tenet of the Stoics on /uovos 
o ffo<pos \\iv0iQo;, xa) tra; oipguv l)ov\os. 
libertas est potestas vivendi ut velis; Cic. 
Par. V. i. 4. M. iXiufooiu, ifyvtrla ccbra- 
t^ay'tei;- D. Laert. vii. 121. cf. Hor. II 
S. vii. 83 sqq. I Ep. xvi. 63. R. 

78. Perluces has a double meaning : 
4 the veil thrown over your disposition 
is as flimsy as that which exposes, rather 
than conceals, your person.' PR. In the 
latter sense we have a beau described as 



crine nitens, niger unguento, per lucid us 
ostro; Mart. XII. xxxviii. 3. R. 

' The distemper is catching : it will 
spread.' BRI. Adspice, quid faciant com- 
mercial 166. contagia vites; hcec etiam 
pecori soepe nocere solent : Sfc. Ov. R. A. 
613 sqq. Virg. E. i. 51. VS. R. tphi^outriv 
'A@n Zgriff opiXiKi xaxoti - Menander 
quoted by St Paul, 1 Cor. xv. 33. [Livy 
xxix, 6, marg. ED.] 

79. Virg. G. iii. 441 sqq. 468 sqq. R. 
" One sickly sheep infects the flock, And 
poisons all the rest;" Watts, D. S. xxi. 
15 sq. 

81. According to the proverb, uva uvam 
videndo varia fit : VS. P>or^v; vr^os (o'ot^vv 
vsvuivsTcei' Suidas. GR. It was a vulgar 
notion that* the dark colour, in ripening, 
was communicated from grape to grape.' 
T. 'One plum gets colour by looking 
at another' is a common saying in Persia : 
Gladwin, Bahar Danush. G. Livor is 
' the purple tinge ;' o fziXayi^oa; 
?£vs' Anacr. 1. 1. lividos distinguet 
autumnus racemos purpureo varius 
colore; Hor. II Od. v. 10 sqq. variat 
liv entibus uva racemis; Prop. IV. ii. 
13. R. 

82. ' You will not stop here :' quando- 
que ' some of these days.' 

Perhaps we should read aliud. LU. 

83. " Xever let man be bold enough 
to say, Thus, and no farther let my pas- 
sion stray : The first crime past compels 
us on to more, And guilt proves fate, 
which was but choice before." The 
author I have forgotten. M. " There is 
a method in man's wickedness, It grows 



30 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. II. 



Paulatim, qui longa domi redimicula sumunt 
85 Frontibus et toto posuere monilia collo 

Atque Bonam tenerse placant abdomine porcae 
Et magno cratere Deam. Sed more sinistro 
Exagitata procul non intrat femina limen. 
Solis ara Dese maribus patet. " Ite profana? !" 
90 Clamatur : nullo gemit hie tibicina cornu. 
Talia secreta coluerunt Orgia tseda 
Cecropiam soliti Baptae lassare Cotytto. 



up by degrees. I am not come so high 
as killing of myself ; there are A hundred 
thousand sins 'twixt it and me, Which 
I must do; I shall come to't at last;" 
Beaum. King and no King. Gresset 
applies it very happily to the singular 
depravity of the unfortunate Ver-Vert: 
" 11 dtmeutit les celebres nunimes Oil nous 
lisons, qu'on ne vient aux grunds crimes 
Que par degrts. II fat un sctlerat Profts 
d'abord, ei sans noviciat." G. 

Venit (or Jit, as venias for fias ; vii. 29. 
R. In French devenir, in Italian 
divenire, ' to become.' 

* In time, no doubt, you will be con- 
sidered qualified for admission into that 
abominable club of atheists, which has 
been formed for the sole purpose of 
burlesquing the rites of the Good 
Goddess.' G. vi. 314. Ov. A.A.iii. 
244. R. 

84. Domi ' in private.' 

Redimicula ' fillets' or • ribbons' hang- 
ing from their caps : et tunicce manicas et 
habent redimicula mitrce ; Virg. JE. ix. 
614, &c. PR. iii. 66. 22. 

85. Monilia are so called as having 
been originally ' memorials' of merit. 77. 
See uote on ffTgeirroQogos- Her. viii. 1 13. 
' These necklaces' often consisted ' of so 
many rows as to cover the whole neck.' 
M. 

86. It appears that more than one 
goddess was worshipped under this 
name : Macrob. Sat. i. 12. PR. vi. 314 
sqq. R. 

Antiqui sum en vocabant abdomen; 
Plin. xi. 84. PR. It may here be put, 
by synecdoche, for the whole animal, as 
in xii. 73. M. 

87. Cf. xii. 8. PR. Ov. F. iii. 418. R. 
' The large bowl' hints at the free indul- 
gence which prevailed even among the 
ladies at their secret rites. G. vi. 315. 
On crater see note on Her. iii. 130. 



1 By a contrary regulation.' FA. 

88. Sacra Bonce, maribus non adeunda, 
Dece ; Tib. I. vi. 22. M. 

89. A parody of " procul, procul 
este, profani,'' conclamat vates, " totoque 
ubsistite luco !" Virg. JE. vi. 259 sq. M. 
Et procul hinc, moneo, procul hinc, quce- 
cunque profance, ferte gradus ; Sil. xvii. 
28 sq. cf. Suet. Ner. 34. The Greek 
formulary was \xus . sxus, oa-rts uXirgo; or 

90. ' Here no female minstrel sounds 
the plaintive horn.' The horn, flute, and 
trumpet were used (as the bell among us) 
to summon the worshippers together. LU. 
(cf. Dan. iii.) The Phrygian flute 
(tibia, iii. 63.) was curved and is con- 
stantly called cornu : as nota Bonce secreta 
De(e,quvm tibia lumbos incitat et cornu 
pariter vinoque fcruntur; vi. 314 sq. 
adunco tibia cornu; Ov. Met. iii. 
533. xi. 16. F. iv. 181. ' The Berecyn- 
thian horn' (Hor. I Od. xviii. 13 sq.) 
is used as synonymous with ' the Berecyn- 
thian flute ;' 111 Od. xix. 18 sq. IV Od. 
i. 22 sq. R. 

Gemere ; vii. 71. R. 

91. ' Orgies' were so called from the 
enthusiastic rage (ooy?i) with which they 
were ' celebrated.' FA. 

' Mystic torches' were carried in the 
Ekusinian procession. R. 

92. The Athenians were called Ce- 
cropians from Cecrops their first king. 
GR. 

Baptce so called from being ' deeply 
imbued in impurities,' or from their 
• plunging in water' to purify themselves 
after their nefarious rites. GR. It is the 
title of a comedy of Eupolis, wherein he 
lashed such effeminate practices; in con- 
sequence of which, Alcibiades, who was 
the principal object of attack, endea- 
voured to have the author assassinated. 
VS. 



SAT. II. 



OF JUVENAL. 



31 



Ille supercilium madida fuligine tactum 
Obliqua producit acu pingitque trementes 
95 Adtollens oculos : vitreo bibit ille Priapo 

Reticulumque comis auratum ingentibus implet, 
Cserulea indutus scutulata aut galbana rasa 
Et per Junonem domini jurante ministro. 
Ille tenet speculum, pathici gestamen Othonis, 



' So as to fatigue and disgust even 
Cotytto, the goddess of wantonness,' 
whose worship was introduced from 
Edonia in Thrace. GR. 

93. We have here a picture quite in 
Hogarth's style. We are admitted into 
the conventicle of this detestable club, 
and behold the members at their several 
employments. ' 

94. The custom of tinging the eyes 
and eyebrows originated in the East. 
" Jezabel put her eyes in paint;" 2 Kgs. 
ix. 30, margin ; " i. e. in stibium, which 
made the eyes look black, and was ac- 
counted beautiful : and also dilated the 
eyebrows, and made the eyes appear big ; 
which, in some countries, was also thought 
very amiable." PT. " La grande beaute 
des dames Arabes et de toutes lesfemmes de 
I' Orient est d'avoir de grands yeux 
noirs hi en fendus et a jleur de tete ; 
Memoires d'Arvieux t. iii. p. 297. We 
read of Astyages as xixoo-ftyuivoi I'pSctX^uv 
vfoy^n' Xen. Cyr. I. iii. 2. From the 
East, this fashion travelled to Greece; 
from Greece to Rome : the Greek ladies 
used antimony or black lead ; the Romans 
lamp-black mixed with bear's grease. 
PI in. xxxviii. 11. -4R. Black was the 
favourite colour ; Hor. A. P. 37. PR. 
Mart. IX. xxxviii. 6. Nigro pulvere ocu- 
lorum exordia producvnUir ; Tert. de 
Hab. Mul. 2. R. The fashion continued 
till a late date : f/,vit\ (/,'tXa.tvz nolcriv biro 
$\i<pu.£ouriv oraivrus' Naumach. G. and 
Jerome speaks of orbes stibio fuliginatos. 
FA. The operation, as performed by 
the Turkish females at Aleppo, is thus 
described by Shaw and Russel : " Their 
method of doing it is by a cylindrical 
piece of silver, steel, or ivory, about two 
inches long, made very smooth, and about 
the size of a common probe. This they 
wet with water, in order that the powder 
of lead ore may stick to it, and applying 
the middle part horizontally to the eye, 
they shut the eyelids upon it, and so 



drawing it through between them, it 
blacks the inside, leaving a narrow black 
rim all round the edge." M. See BO. 
p. 23. 

' Turning up his eyes, which quiver 
under the operation,' from the extreme 
sensitiveness of the part. They might be 
also ' tremulous from wantonness.' vii.241 . 
oculos udos ac tremulos, ac prona libi- 
dine marcidus, jam jamque semiadoper- 
tulos; Apul. Met. iii. p. 135. Ov. A. A. 
ii. 721. Pers. i. 18. Hor. I Od. xxxvi. 17. 
Lucian. Am. 14. LU. M. R. 

95. In poculis libidines ccelare juvit ac 
per obscaenitates bibere; Plin. xxxiii. pr. 
GR. 

Priapus, the son of Bacchus and 
Venus, was the god of gardens and the 
tutelary deity of Abydos. PR. 

96. ' His long and thick tresses are 
confined in network of gold.' Plin. xii. 
14. PR. M. Otho and Elagabalus pow- 
dered their hair with gold dust. HN. 

97. Understand vestimenta. ' Blue 
checks, or green (or pale yellow) stuffs, 
shorn of the pile.' Whence galbanos 
habet mores ; Mart. I. xcvii. 9. LU. 
homo galbanatus; Id. III. lxxxii. 5. M. 
The Gauls invented checked stuffs. Rasa 
are opposed to pexa. GR. They came 
into fashion in the Augustan age. PR. 
Mart. II. lxxxv. 4. Lana Istrice Libur- 
niceque pilo propior quam lanx, pexis 
aliena vestibus, et quam Salacia scutulata 
textu commendat in Lusitania ; Plin. viii. 
48 s 72. xi.24s28. R. 

98. ' Nay even the valet swears by 
his lord's Juno.' BR. Men used to 
swear by the Gods, women by the God- 
desses, Plin. ii. 7. PR. and servants by 
their master's Genius, cf. Tib. III. vi. 
49. R. Notes on Hor. Ill Od. xvii. 14. 

99. Another parody on Virgil : magni 
gestamen Abantis ; M. iii. 286. vii. 246. 
and corripit hastam Actoris Aurunci spo- 
lium ; M. xii. 93 sq. This wretch was 
proud of ' the effeminate Otho's mirror,' 



32 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. II. 



100 Actoris Aurunci spolium, quo se ille videbat 
Armatum, quum jam tolli vexilla juberet. 
Res memoranda novis annalibus atque recenti 
Historia, speculum civilis sarcina belli. 
Nimirum summi ducis est, occidere Galbam 

1 05 Et curare cutem ; summi constantia civis, 
Bebriaci campo spolium affectare Palati 
Et pressum in faciem digitis extendere panem : 



no less than Turnus was of ' the gallant 
Actor's spear.' LU. Or ' of which Otho 
had erst despoiled some other redoubted 
champion.' Their mirrors were made of 
polished metal, and sometimes equalled 
the full length of the figure. Sen. Q. N. 
i. 17. HN. Stat. Ill S. iv. 94. BO. On 
the effeminacy of Otho, see Suet. 2. and 
12. Tac. H. i. 71. &c. R. Though a 
favourite of Nero, he was the first to join 
Galba, of whose assassination he after- 
wards became the author. As an enemy 
of Galba (whom Vespasian suspected of a 
design upon his life) and of Yitellius, he 
was regarded with favour by the Flavian 
family, and consequently with aversion 
by Juvenal. Tacitus represents differ- 
ently his last march : nec Mi segue aut 
corrupting luxu iter; sed lorica J'errea 
iisus est, et ante signa pedester, horridus, 
incomptus, farm a que dissimilis; H. ii. 11. 
G. 

101. When an army encamped, the 
standards were pitched in the ground 
near the general's tent. When battle 
was to be given, the general ' commanded 
the standard to be taken up.' Tolli is 
opposed to statui. GR. M. The vexillum 
was ' a red flag,' which was hoisted on a 
spear from the top of the general's tent 
as a signal of preparation for battle. LI. 
' Otho gave his orders from his toilet, 
while he was admiring himself in the 
glass.' LU. 

102. In 'Annals,' the facts are di- 
gested under their several years. PR. 

103. ' In a civil war, when the empire 
of the world was at stake!' viz. that 
between Otho and Vitellius. Nec deer ant 
qui ambitione stolida luxuriosos apparatus 
conviviorum, et irritamenta libidinum, ut 
instrumenla belli mercarentur ; Tac. H. 
i. 88. FA. 

104. The antithesis here depends on 
the punctuation. HK. ' At one time to 
be acting the assassin, at another the petit 



maitre.' After his suicide, his soldiers 
extolled him asforiissimum virum,unicum 
imperatorem ; Suet. 12. Our satirist ob- 
serves that ' such a character was un- 
doubtedly (nimirum is used ironically, 
xiv. 54. Sil. v. 114. Hor. II S. ii. 106. 
as scilicet in 122. v. 76. vi. 239. vii. 159. 
xiv. 156.) Otho's due.' Suet. Galb. 19. 
Tac. H. i. 41 sqq. * It was a great feat to 
murder an old man' manibus pedibusqxie 
articulari morbo distortissimis ; S. G. 21. 
23. ' It was a worthy occupation to be 
softening his cheeks with cosmetics:' 
munditiarum pcene muliebrium; vulso cor- 
pore; quin et faciem quolidie rasitare, ac 
pane madido liner e comuelum : idque in- 
stituisse a prima lanugine, ne barbatus 
nnquam essct ; Suet. Oth. 12. PR. HN. 
R. 

105 and 107. vi. 464. Hor. I Ep. iv. 15. 
R. In cute curanda plus cequo operata 
juveutus ; Id. ii. 29. 

' Consistency worthy of the first citizen 
in the republic!' R. It was currently 
reported after his death, Galbam ab eo 
non tarn dominandi, quum reipublicce ac 
libertutis reslituendce causa interemptum ; 
Suet. Oth. 12. 

106. ' The battle of Bebriacum' (be- 
tween Verona and Cremona) decided 
the fate of the empire and transferred the 
purple to Vitellius. Tac. H. ii. 14 sqq. 
Suet. Oth. 8 sq. PR. R. 

' The spoil of the palace' intimates that 
the imperial dignity had become the prey 
of each daring adventurer. R. 

107. Slices of bread, made of rice, 
beans, or wheat, and soaked in asses' 
milk, were spread over the face as a 
cosmetic. LU. vi. 461 sqq. CAS. Cutjm 
in facie erugari et tenerescere, et candorem 
custodiri lacte asinino putabant ; unde 
Poppoza uxor Neronis, quocunque ire con- 
iigisset, secum sexcentas asellas ducebat ; 
Plin. xxviii. 12. xi. 41. PR. Tib. I. viii. 
11. R. 



.SAT. II. 



OF JUVENAL. 



33 



Quod nec in Assyrio pharetrata Semiramis orbe, 
Moesta nec Actiaca fecit Cleopatra carina. 

110 Hie nullus verbis pudor aut reverentia mensse. 
Hie turpis Cybeles et fracta voce loquendi 
Libertas et crine senex phanaticus albo 
Sacrorum antistes, rarum ac memorabile magni 
Gutturis exemplum conducendusque magister. 

115 Quid tamen exspectant, Phrygio quos tempus e rat jam 
More supervacuam cultris abrumpere carnem ? 
Quadringenta dedit Gracchus sestertia dotem 



108. ' Even the most luxurious queens, 
when they went forth to war, discontinued 
such effeminate habits.' Semiramis, As- 
syriorum regina, cum ei circa cullum 
capitis occupatce nuntiatum esset Baby- 
Ivnem defecisse, altera parte cvinium adhuc 
soluta, protiuus ad earn expugnandam 
cucurrit, nec prius decorem capillorum in 
ordinem, quam tantam urbem in potestatem 
suam, redegit. Quocirca statua ejus Baby- 
lone posita est illo habit u, quo, ad ultionem 
exigendum, celeritate prcecipiti ietendit; 
V. Max. ix. 3. Just. i. 2. PR. 

Orbe ' empire. ' VA. 

109. Cleopatra, daughter of Ptolemy 
Auletes, queen of Egypt and mistress 
of Antony, was present to witness her 
paramour's ' sad' defeat by Augustus ' at 
Actium.' LU. cum aurea puppe veloque 
purpureo se in altum dedit ; Plin. xix. 1. 
See Shakspeare's description of her gal- 
ley, Ant. and CI. II. ii. M. Flor. iv. 11. 
cf. Hor. I Od. xxxvii. R. Prop. IV. vi. 
57 sqq. 

110. ' In this precious conclave.' rget- 
9TiZ,a plv i i go v ns o ho$ 
rif^a-Tui <p'i\io$ n na) %ivtos' Synes. Ep. 
57. TH. Nusquam reverentia mensce ; 
Claud, in Ruf. i. 229. R. Among 
many absurd and many impious tenets of 
paganism, there are some of excellent 
tendency and not undeserving of imita- 
tion. Such was their hospitality, founded 
on the notion that celestials sometimes 
visited the abodes of men. cf. Hebr. xiii. 
2. Gen. xviii. 1 — 8. xix. 1 — 3. Olim mos 
erat et mensce credere adesse deos; Ov. F. 
vi. 305 sq. Prcesentes nam que ante domus 
invisere castas scepius, et sese mortali osten- 
dere cattu cadicolce, nondum spreta pietate, 
solebant ; Cat. lxiv. 385 sqq. Hence a 
stranger, however humble his exterior, 
was treated with respect : %t7v ov pot fopi? 



'iffT ', ovb % z\ xuzteov <rihv 1X601, ^7vov uri- 
fzr,<rcn Tgos ya.o Ai'o; utriv awuvris %udoi ts 
*ra%oi tv Horn. Od. S 56 sqq. Z 107 
sq. " I tried your charity, When in a 
beggar's shape you took me up, And 
clothed my naked limbs, and after fed, 
As you believed, my famish'd mouth. 
Learn all, By your example, to look on 
the poor With gentle eyes ! for in such 
habits, often, Angels desire an alms;" 
Massinger Virg. Mart. IV. iii. G. 

111. ' Such disgraceful licentiousness 
as prevails at the Megalesian rites among 
the emasculated priests of the Phrygian 
goddess.' LU. cf. Diod. Sic. iv. 5. Ov. F. 
iv. PR. R. The grossness of these cere- 
monies was such, that the parents of the 
actors were ashamed to be present at the 
rehearsals, which took place at home, pre- 
vious to the celebration of the festival. G. 

They lisped their obscenities ' in a 
falsetto voice.' GE. cf. Augustin. xi. 
111. LU. 

112. Phanaticus' possessed.' Virg. M. 
vi. 46 sqq. M. 

114. See i. 140. R. 

' If one would take lessons in gluttony.' 
turn si magistrum cepit ad earn rem impro- 
bum ; Ter. An. I. ii. 19. M. 

115. ' Why hesitate (Ov. Ep. iii. 83.) 
any longer about completing your resem- 
blance to those effeminate priests, when a 
knife will rid you in a moment of the 
superfluous characteristics of manhood?' 
T. Ov. F. iv. 243. Tib. I. iv. 70. R. 

This ' Phrygian fashion' was adopted in 
imitation of the boy Atys whom Cvbele 
loved. PR. 

116. The knives were of sharp stone : 
vi. 514. Claud, in Eut. i. 280. R. as 
among the Jews. PR. Exod. iv. 25. 

117. Cf. i. 92. 106. vi. 137. « Has 
brought with him.' PR. i. 62. 78. 



34 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. II. 



Gornicini, sive hie recto cantaverat sere. 

Signatse tabulae : dictum " Feliciter !" Ingens 
120 Coena sedet : gremio jacuit nova nupta mariti. 

O proceres, censore opus est an haruspice nobis? 

Scilicet horreres majoraque monstra putares, 

Si mulier vitulum vel si bos ederet agnum ? 

Segmenta et longos habitus et flamea sumit, 
125 Arcano qui sacra ferens nutantia loro 



' A descendant of the Gracchi.' cf. 
24. PR. Of this horrible transaction no 
contemporary writer speaks : Nero, how- 
ever, had set the example ; (Tac. An. 
xv. 38.) and royalty is never at a loss for 
imitators, vi. 616. G. 

] 18. ' To a horn-blower, or else to a 
trumpeter.' Tuba dirccti avis, corntia 
flexi; Ov. M. i. 98. The Romans used 
only wind-instruments in their army. M. 
' The clarion' lituus belonged to the 
cavalry. Hor. II Od. i. 17 sq. Schol. on 
I Od. i. 23. 

119. ' The marriage-writings are signed 
and sealed. " We wish you joy!" is 
the general exclamation.' Understand 
cedant hce nuptice. PR. Felix hoc ; alium 
define velle virutn. LU. Suet. Uom. 13. 

120. ' A sumptuous banquet is set out.' 
i. 96. Ov. Tr. ii. 481. HO. M. or « An 
immense supper-party sits down to table.' 
BRT. cf. 34. v. 82. R. 

'The bride' i. e. Gracchus; 'the 
bridegroom' i. e. the trumpeter. LU. 
cf. Tac. An. xi. 27. Ov. Am. I. iv. 
5. R. 

121. Proceres; see Pers. i. 52. PR. 
There is a bitter sarcasm in this appeal 
to the ' patricians,' who were themselves 
deeply implicated in many of these dis- 
gusting proceedings. GR. 

' Do we need acensorto correct such 
enormities? or rather a soothsayer to 
expiate such portentous prodigies'?' VS. 
vi. 549 sqq. PR. There were two censors, 
who had the power to degrade citizens 
from their several ranks and to expel 
senators from the house. They were 
formerly so strict as to be formidable even 
to their colleagues. M. See 2. HR. 

It was the office of the soothsayer, 
when any prodigy occurred, to ascertain 
and prescribe the expiation which the 
gods required. M. 

An; Ov. F. ii. 394. if. 

122. Monstrum is ' any thing out of 



the course of nature.' see F. 143. iv. 2. 
45. 115. vi. 286. 645. &c. R. 

123. Such prodigies occur constantly 
in Livy. 

124. ' Fringes' or ' flounces.' V. Max. 
v. 2. FA. Ov. A. A. iii. 169. PR. cf. vi. 

89. R. 

The matrons wore ' a long flowing 
gown' stola, with • a train' surma. M. 
R. G. 

Virgins on their wedding-day wore a 
light flame-coloured hood, that the spec- 
tators might confound the glow shed over 
the cheek by the tint of the veil, with the 
suffusion of modesty : G. Mart. XI. 
lxxviii. 3. PR. vi. 225. x. 334. timidum 
nuptce leviter tectura pudorem lutea de- 
mises velarunt flamea vultus; Luc. ii. 
360 sq. From the bride's being enve- 
loped in this veil, she was said nub ere 
vivo. R. See notes on 134 and 137. 

125. Ov. F. iii. 259 sqq. PR. Most 
of the Commentators by sacra under- 
stand ancilia. The epithet arcano may 
then refer either to ignorance as to 
the genuine shield, or to the strap on 
the inside by which the shields were sus- 
pended ; and nutantia to the swinging of 
the shields to and fro, as the priests leaped 
and danced. FA. It would seem more 
natural to understand simulacra with sacra, 
supposing twelve of the Salii to have 
borne the ancilia, and the other twelve 
priests to have carried images of the gods, 
which, by means of a concealed thong, 
were made to nod their heads in answer 
to the acclamations and plaudits of the 
surrounding multitude. Thus the image 
of Venus, which was borne in procession 
at the Circensian games, annuit et motu 
signa secunda dedit ; Ov. Am. III. ii. 
58. M. A similar trick is said to have 
been played off" some few years ago by 
the priests in Portugal, with an image of 
the Virgin, to confirm Don Miguel's right 
to the throne. 



SAT. II. 



OF JUVENAL. 



35 



Sudavit clypeis ancilibus. O pater Urbis, 
Unde nefas tantum Latiis pastoribus ? unde 
Hsec tetigit, Gradive, tuos urtica nepotes ? 
Traditur ecce viro clams genere atque opibus vir : 
130 Nec galeam quassas nec terram cuspide pulsas 
Nec quereris patri ? Vade ergo et cede severi 
Jugeribus campi, quern negligis ! u Officium eras 
Primo sole mihi peragendum in valle Quirini." 
Quae causa officii ? " Quid quseris ? Nubit amicus, 



126. The Salii were priests of Mars, 
(so called from their dancing, Ov. 
F. iii. 387.) chosen out of the first 
families at Rome, as guardians of the 
heaven-descended buckler on which de- 
pended the fate of the empire. Numa 
had eleven other shields made, exactly 
similar to the original. The Salii 
were at first twelve : Tullus Hostilius 
doubled the number. FA. og^'/iew 

xtvovvrai iVi-nona); , tXiypovs rtvas 

xou [AirufioXus h pt/0fi&) ru%o; 'i%ovri xa) 
wxv'oTYira, parol pupm xou xoiKporwros 
afohSovre;- Plut. .Num. R. Virg. 2E. 
viii. 285. 

The neuter ancile is an adjective and 
agrees with scutum : as concilia arma ; V. 
Max. I. i. 9. it is derived from ancisus 
' cut around ;' Ov. F. iii. 377 sq. or from 
kyxvXiov ' curved;' Plut. Num. p. 69. 
PR. R. 

Mars himself is here apostrophized, the 
father of Romulus, the founder, and 
Remus. FA. Hor. I Od. ii. 35 sqq. M. 
' Wherein is thy paternal care displayed ?' 
R. 

127. ' Where is the simplicity and 
innocence of that hardy race, to which 
Romulus and our forefathers belonged?' 
VS. PR. iii. 67. R. viii. 275. On the 
origin of the name Latium, see Virg. 2E. 
viii. 319 sqq. M. 

128. Mars was called Gradivus (xiii. 
113. Virg. JE. iii. 34.) either from gra- 
d iendo ' taking long strides,' or ' march- 
ing orderly ;' or from xgu'Bdav ' brand- 
ishing his spear;' GR. n'ii (tux^a. (Zi(Za,$, 
xgu^dav toXi^iiTxiav sy^os' Horn. II. 
H 213. M. or from a Thracian word 
signifying ' brave.' PR. 

Urtica ' a burning itch' like that ex- 
cited by the « nettle.' LU. xi. 166. R. 

129. ' Is consigned over.' Mart. XI. 
lxxviii. 11. GR. cf. Suet. Ner. 29. FA. 



See 117. R. 

130. ' And yet thou evincest no symp- 
toms of indignation !' FA. xiii. 113 sqq. 
cf. Horn. Od. E 285. Virg. JE. vii. 292. 
V. Flac. i. 528. vii. 577. R. [Livy xxiv, 
10, 7. ED.] Cuspis was 4 the point of a 
sword or spear.' LU. 

131. Mars was the son of Jupiter and 
Juno; PR. Horn II. E 896. according 
to others, of Juno only. Ov. F. v. 229. 
M. ' If the evil is grown too enormous 
to be checked by thy own power, com- 
plain to thy father, who is armed with 
lightnings.' FA. 

Cede for ducede. FA. iii. 29. Virg. JE. 
vi. 460. M. ' Make room for some other 
deity, who will take more care of his 
charge.' R. 

The campus Ma r t ius ((Liv. ii. 5.) is 
put for ' Rome,' and is called severus 
ironically, with reference to the present 
impunity of crime as contrasted with the 
ancient s e v e r it y of punishment : (ex- 
traordinary public trials used to be held 
in ' the Field of Mars.') PR. R. This 
epithet also belongs to the god himself ; 
Mart. X. xxx. 2. GR. M. 

132. The satirist now introduces a 
conversation relating to one of these in- 
famous weddings. Officium was * a duty 
undertaken out of kindness or compli- 
ment:' miptiale (Petron.) or nwptiarum 
(Suet. Claud. 26.) is here understood. 
Plin. Ep. i. 9. T. M. R. 

133. Marriage contracts were often 
signed ' in the portico of the temple of 
Romulus on the Quirinal hill:' T. M. 
Mart. XI. i. 9. PR. in calle Quirini; 
Hor. II Ep. ii. 68.10d. ii. 46. Ov. M. 
xiv. 836. R. 

134. ' Cannot you guess? a gentle- 
man of my acquaintance is to be led to 
the altar.' N ubere applies only to the 
bride, ducere to the bridegroom. 
Gft. 117. i. 62. 78. 7?. See 124 and 137. 



36 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. II 



135 Nec multos adhibet." Liceat modo vivere; fient, 
Fient ista palam, cupient et in acta referri. 
Interea tormentum ingens nubentibus haeret, 
Quod nequeunt parere et partu retinere maritos. 
Sed melius, quod nil animis in corpora juris 

140 Natura indulget. Steriles morientur et illis 
Turgida non prodest condita pyxide Lyde 
Nec prodest agili palmas prsebere Luperco. 

Vicit et hoc monstrum tunicati fuscina Gracchi, 
Lustravitque fuga mediam gladiator arenam 



135. 1 There will be but a small party 
to witness the ceremony:' because the 
Scatinian law was still in being. LI] . 
Pont ice, si qua fucis, sine teste jacis, sine 
t u rba ; non ud kibes multos : Pont ice, 
cautus homo es; Mart. VII. c. 3 sq. GR/E. 

' If it please the gods to spare our 
lives.' PR. 

136. The repetition of the word fient 
adds force to the prediction. Instances 
of this kind occur constantly in the Greek 
orators. 

Salvian, who wrote in the fifth century, 
speaking of this dedecoris saderi>:que con- 
sortiu7>i, as he calls it, says that it spread 
all over the city, and though the act 
itself was not common to all, yet the 
approbation of it was. M. 

Acta ' the public registers.' FA. cf. ix. 
84. R. LI. on Tac. An. v. 4. 

137. Nubentibus ' these male brides.' 

138. Such was the complaint of Eu- 
tropius : generis pro sors durissimu nostri! 
famina cum sennit, retinet connubia 
partu, uxorisque decus matris reverentia 
pensot : nos Lucina fugit, nec pignore 
nitimur ullo; Claud, in Eut. i. 7L sqq. 
FA. Children constitute a bond of love: 
and sterility was a frequent cause of di- 
vorce. PR. vi. 142 sqq. R. 

139. 1 It is just as well that nature 
prohibits the fulfilment of such extrava- 
gant wishes.' BR I. 

141. Lyde was some woman who com- 
pounded, and sold in small boxes, (sry|*j 
from being originally made of' box wood,' 
BO.) a specific against barrenness. T. 
The epithet may either imply her own 
corpulence, as being an old woman, BE. 
or the effects of her nostrum. GR. 

142. The festival of the Lupercalia 
was instituted in honour of Pan (avium 
custos; Virg. G. i. 17.) because lupos 



a rcet. A goat, the emblem of fecun- 
dity, being sacrificed, those who officiated 
put on the skin of the victim and ran 
about with either a thong of the skin or a 
wand in their hands, with which they 
struck the palms of the women who threw 
themselves in their way to have the benefit 
of the charm. Excipe fecundce patienter 
in bera dextrce ; Ov. F. ii. 427 &cc. LU. 
Ille caprum mactat: jussce sua terga 
niarhce peltibus exsectis percutienda dabant; 
445 sq. Shakspeai e alludes to it : 
" Forget not in your speed To touch 
Calphurnia ; for our elders say, The 
barren touched in this holy chase, Shake 
off their sterile curse J. Ca;s. I. ii. M. 
This superstitious practice was oue of 
the last Pagan ceremonies that was aban- 
doned, and excited the indignation of 
many Christian writers. It was finally 
abolished by Gelasius; in whose time 
nobites ipsi currebant ; et matronce nndato 
corpore vapulabant. G. The festival, 
which took place in February, was pro- 
bably introduced into Italy by Evander : 
cf. Virg. yEn. viii. 343 sq. The grove 
there described, which was also the spot 
where Romulus and Remus were after- 
wards found, was fixed upon by the Ro- 
mans for the site of Pan's temple. PR. 

143. See the notes on viii. 192 sqq. and 
199 sqq. R. ' Has outdone.' This may 
be an instance of that spirit of aggravation 
which so much distinguishes Juvenal. 
W hatever be the vice which he lashes, he 
bestows the whole of his fury upon it ; 
and in many places the climax of moral 
reprehension is strangely perverted. J. 
AH the writers of Roman history, how- 
ever, viewed the gladiatorship of the 
nobility with the utmost horror. G. 

144. Cf. viii. 208. ' Traversed in 
flight.' M. 



SAT. II. 



OF JUVENAL. 



37 



145 Et Capitolinis generosior et Marcellis 

Et Catulis Paullique minoribus et Fabiis et 
Omnibus ad podium spectantibus : his licet ipsum 
Admoveas, cujus tunc munere retia misit. 
Esse aliquid Manes et subterranea regna 

150 Et contum et Stygio ranas in gurgite nigras 
Atque una transire vadum tot millia cymba, 



The centre of the amphitheatre was 
strewed with ' sand,' to hide the blood 
which was spilt. PR. 

115. (1) M. Manilas surnamed Ca- 
pitolinus from his defence of the capitol 
against the Gauls. (2) M. Claudius 
Marcellus the captor of Syracuse. (3) 
Q. Lutatius Catulus who gained the naval 
victory off the Agates. (4) L. JEmilius 
Paullus the conqueror of Macedonia. 
(5) Q. Fabius Maximus surnamed Cunc- 
tator, who kept Hannibal in constant 
check by his cautious moves. LU. 

' More noble j' vi. 124. vii. 191. viii. 
30. 224. R. 

146. Minores; i. 148. R. Perhaps 
the two sons of Paullus, one of whom 
was adopted into the family of the 
Scipios, the other into that of the Fabii 
Maximi. 

147. ' The front' or lowest row of seats 
was reserved for senators: Suet. Aug. 44. 
LU. The podium was the projecting 
part of the partition which divided the 
seats from the arena. Between this, and 
the first row on which the senators sat, 
there was probably just space enough 
left for the chairs of the curule magis- 
trates, &c. LI. 

1 A narrow slip.' G. n«LV Herod, 
viii. 31. 

' You may even add the personage 
himself,' i. e. ' the praetor ; or, rather, 
♦ the emperor' Nero or Domitian. PR. 
See note on i. 97. 

148. ' The person at whose expense 
the games were exhibited' was called 
munerarius. GR. 

149. The poet now proceeds to attribute 
all this gross and degrading profligacy to 
scepticism and infidelity ; to the disbelief 
of a future state of rewards and punish- 
ments, and, consequently, of the moral 
government of the universe. LU. PR. M. 
G. But PYE and R. take the sense to be 
' The absurd stories of the infernal regions 
are now hardly credited in the nursery; 
(cf. xiii. 151 sqq. Arist. R. 181 sqq. vix 



navita Porthmeus subficiet simulacra viruin 
traducere cymba : classe opus est ; Petron. 
Sat. 121 extr. Prop. III. v. 39 sqq. 
Lucr. iii. 991 sqq. Pythagoras in Ov. 
Met. xv. 153 sqq. &c.) but suppose them 
true, how would the shades of our ancient 
heroes be horrified at the appearance of 
such scandalous wretches among them !' 

Sunt aliquid manes ; letum non omnia 
finit; Prop. IV. vii. 1. Ov. Met. vi. 
543. Horn. II. V 103. R. 

150. Ipse {Charon) ratem con to sub- 
igit, et ferruginea subvectat corpora 
cymba; Virg. JE. vi. 302 sq. VS. One 
ms. has cantum ; if this be the true read- 
ing, cantum et ranas is equivalent to 
cantum ranarum: cf. Arist. R. 205 sqq. 
R. The text would then better suit the 
common interpretation of the whole pas- 
sage. 

Stygia palus; Virg. M. vi. 323 sq. PR. 
G. iv. 480. M. Turbidus hie cosno vas- 
taque voragine g urges cestuat; Al,. vi. 
296 sq. [gurges and vadum are opposed, 
Livy xxii, 6, 6. ED.] 

151. Cf. Virg. //. cc. Ojja-i yovv a 

<^0^C(J,ibi fm 2 '/ Cf QStiffOU CLVToHs TOTS TO 

<r x cx, <p o g , uXXa <r%ib'ia.i ])(a,vrrii?af*i)ious 
tovs ToXXobs avTwv $nxTXw<rocr Luc. 
Dial. Mort. xii. 5. R. 

Juvenal describes the world of spirits 
as peopled by the figments of the poets ; 
the circumstances he has not invented, 
but selected ; and it does not follow, that, 
because he believed in a future state, he 
therefore gave credit to such absurdities. 
We may attribute the sketch he has given 
to his satirical turn, which he could not 
forbear indulging to the disparagement 
of his argument. Virgil, to whom our 
author is here plainly alluding, does not 
give a very dignified narrative of his 
hero's passage over the Styx : JE. vi. 
411 — 416. Such puerilities excite our 
pity ; especially when we think how in- 
comparably sublime is the description of 
the state of reprobation, in Holy Writ, as 
a place " where the worm dieth not and 



38 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. II. 



Nec pueri credunt, nisi qui nondum sere lavantur. 
Sed tu vera puta. Curius quid sentit et ambo 
Scipiadae, quid Fabricius manesque Camilli, 
155 Quid Cremerse legio et Cannis consumta juventus, 
Tot bellorum animse, quoties hinc talis ad illos 
Umbra venit ? Cuperent lustrari, si qua darentur 
Sulphura cum tsedis et si foret humida laurus. 



the fire is not quenched :" St Mark ix. 
43 sq. while of the state of blessedness 
the Apostle says, " Eye hath not seen, 
nor ear heard, neither have entered into 
the heart of man, the things which God 
hath prepared for them that love him." 
1 Cor. ii. 9. G. 

152. The common people, when they 
went to a bath, paid the bath-keeper 
a brass coin, in value about a halfpenny, 
vi. 446. Hor. I S. iii. 137. M. Children, 
under four years old, were either not 
taken to the baths, or, if they were, paid 
nothing. VS. Mart. III. xxx. 4. XIV. 
clxiii. Seneca calls the bath quadran- 
taria res; Ep. 86 m. One ms. has nec 
sene s credunt, nec qui §c. R. 

153. ' But be thou persuaded that 
these things are true.' The language is 
too emphatic for a mere supposition. G. 
See R. on 149. 

Curius see 3. 

154. For ScipimiadcB, LU. and that 
for Scijxiones. Sil. vii. 107. As Mem- 
miades for Memmius; Lucr. i. 27. R. 
geminos, duo fulmina belli, Scipiadas, 
cladem Libycc; Virg. /E. vi. 843 sq. PR. 
Africauus Major, who conquered Han- 
nibal, and Africunus Minor, who rased 
Numantia and Carthage. M. 

C. Luscinius Fabricius, the conqueror 
of Pyrrhus. V. Max. iv. 3, 6. PR. 
Virg. JE. vi. 845. 

M. Furius Camillus, five times dicta- 
tor, saved the city from the Gauls, and 
was styled ' a second Romulus.' PR. 
He was the first citizen, who was 
honoured with an equestrian statue in 
the forum, ill". 

155. The Fabii, who had taken the 
Veian war upon themselves, were cut off 
by the enemy at the Cremera, in Tus- 
cany, to the number of three hundred 
and six. The clan would thereby have 
become extinct, but for one boy who was 
left at home. Liv. ii. 48 sqq. Ov. F. ii. 
193 sqq. PR. Virg. JE. vi. 846. M. 
Dionys. ix. 22. Sil. vii. 40 sqq. R. 



' Legion ;' see iii. 132. 

At Cannes in Apulia, Hannibal gained 
his fourth and greatest victory, defeating 
two consular armies, and slaying 40,000 
of the Romans, including JEmilius Paulius 
one of the consuls, and so many of the 
equestrian order, that three bushels of 
gold lings were sent to Carthage in token 
of the victory. PR. 

156. Illustres bellis animce ; Lucan, 
Phars. VS. bellorum for bellicce, as animal 
servientium ; Tac. H. iv. 32. for serviles. 
cf. vroXXu; l<p0!ju,ov; ^pu^a.? ri^uuv' Horn. 
II. A 3. R. Virg. JE. vi. 660. Juvenal 
adduces these patriots, both as instances 
of the belief in a future state, the greatest 
safeguard of integrity and incentive to 
valour; and as examples of the unfading 
happiness in store for those who faithfully 
discharge their duties as men and citizens. 
M. 

157. ' To be purified from the con- 
tamination of its very presence, if they 
could get the requisite articles.' PR. M. 

158. « The fumes of sulphur thrown on 
a lighted torch of the unctuous pine.' M. 
Plin. H. N. xxxv. 15. PR. lustralem 
sic rite face in, cui lumen odorum s u l- 
phure ccBruleo nigroque bit limine fumat, 
circum membra rotat doctus purganda 
sacerdos, rorepio spargens et dira fugan- 
tibus herbis numina, purijicumque Jovem 
Triviamque precatus, trans caput aversis 
manibus jaculatur in austrum secum rap- 
turas cantata piacula teed as; Claud. 
VI. Cons. Hon. 324 sqq. Ov. M. vii. 
261. F. iv. 739 sq. A. A. ii. 329 sq. 
Tib. I. v. 11. ii. 61. Prop. IV. vhi. 
83 sqq. Horn. Od. X 481. GR. o pdyos 
$£Sa xoLioftivYiv 'ip^eov 'X't(>W'yvi(ri f*t. "va (jly\ 

fiXxTT0l/U.yiV VT0 7UV (pctV'TXO'fJt.a.TtUV Luc. 

Nec. 9 & 7. R. 

' A branch of bay dipped in water' 
was also used to sprinkle the parties who 
were to be purified. Plin. H. N. xv. 30. 
PR. 

Laura sparguntur ab uda; Ov. F. 
v. 677. R. 



SAT. II. 



OF JUVENAL. 



39 



Illuc heii ! miseri traducimur. Arma quidem ultra 
160 Litora Juvernae promovimus et modo captas 
Orcadas ac minima contentos nocte Britannos : 
Sed quae nunc populi flunt victoris in urbe, 
Non faciunt illi, quos vicimus. " Et tamen unus 
Armenius Zalates cunctis narratur ephebis 
165 Mollior ardenti sese indulsisse Tribuno." 

Adspice, quid faciant commercia ! venerat obses. 
Hie fiunt homines. Nam si mora longior Urbem 
Indulsit pueris, non umquam deerit amator : 
Mittentur bracaa, cultelli, frena, flagellum. 
170 Sic praetextatos referunt Artaxata mores. 



159. See 149. Thus Trimalcio ex- 
claims ' Heu, heu, nos miseros! qitam 
totus homuncio nil est ! sic erimus cuncti, 
postquam nos avferet Orcus;' Petron. 
' Believe, or not ; there is our final home !' 
LU. G. Debemur morti nos, nostraque ; 
Hor. A. P. 63. PR. ' We are on our 
road thither.' But P. takes it to mean, 
' To such a pass are we wretches come!' 

160. The same as Hibernia ' Ireland.' 
LU. Camden thinks the Romans did 
not conquer that island, M. (cf. Tac. Ag. 
24.) but Juvenal may be obliquely ridi- 
culing the boastfulness of his degenerate 
fellow-countrymen. R. 

Modo i. e. by Claudius, LU. or by 
Agricola ; Tac. 10. R. 

161. « The Orkneys.' M. 

In Britannia disrum spatia ultra nostri 
orbis mensvram : et nox clara, et extrema 
parte Britannice brevis, ut Jinem atque 
initium lucis exiguo discrimine internoscas; 
Tac. Aer. 12. PR. Plin. ii. 75. Ca?s. 
B. G. v. 10. R. 

162. Understand flagitia et facinora. 
Thus Seneca says of Alexander; armis 

vicit, vitiis v ictus est. L U. 

163. Some one here starts an objec- 
tion. R. 

164. Armenian hostages are men- 
tioned, Tac. A. xiii. 9. xv. 1 sqq. LU. 

When the Roman youths assumed the 
virile gown, they were said excedere ex 
ephebis. Ter. And. I. i. 24. 

165. Ardens: Virg. E. ii. 1. M. 

' To have yielded his person.' Stat. 



IV S. vi. 36 sq. R. 

Caligula may be the wretch designated 
by the name of ' Tribune ;' Suet. 36. M. 
cf. xi. 7. R. 

.166. Cf. 78. GR. Bonum esse cum 
bonis, haud valde laudabile est; at immensi 
est prceconii, bonum etiam inter malos ex- 
stitisse; Greg. Mag. Mor. i. 1. PR. 

As ' a hostage' his person should have 
been sacred. LU. The breach of honour 
aggravates the crime. M. 

167. ' Rome is the place for forming 
men.' R. 

168. 'A seducer.' 

169. ' Their national costume and 
habits will be laid aside.' The Orientals, 
as well as the Gauls, wore * trowsers.' FA. 
Pers. iii. 53. PR. viii. 234. Prop. IV. 
x. 43. Suet. Aug. 82. Ov. Tr. V. x. 
34. III. x. 19 sq. 'Ava£u S /t$s. (See 
note on Her. v. 49.) ' The dagger, or 
couteau de chasse,' was an appendage to 
their girdles : a diminutive noun is used, 
because boys are spoken of. R. 

170. Sic ' by a protracted residence.' 
BRI. 

Artaxata, on the Araxes, is the capital 
of Greater Armenia. (The noun is in the 
neuter plural.) BRI. Now ' Teflis.' PR. 

' The morals of the fashionable Ro- 
mans,' i. 78. M. or • gross;' Suet. Ves. 
22. BRI. i. e. by antiphrasis, 
' such as no gentleman would use.' 
Festus. cf. Pers. v. 30. PR. or ' such 
as require a veil or cloak to conceal 
them.' R. 



SATIRE III. 



ARGUMENT. 

Umbricius, an eminent soothsayer, (aruspicwn in nostro cevo peritissimus ; 
Piin. who, on the day Galba was murdered, predicted the impending 
treason ; Tac. H. i. 27- Plut.) disgusted at the prevalence of vice and 
the total disregard of needy and unassuming virtue, is introduced as on 
the point of quitting Rome, 1 — 9. The poet accompanies him a short 
distance out of the town, 10 — 20. when the honest exile, no longer able 
to suppress his indignation, stops short, and in a strain of animated 
invective, acquaints his friend with the cause of his retirement, 21 sqq. 

This Satire is managed with wonderful ingenuity. The way by which 
Juvenal conducts Umbricius, 11 sqq. is calculated to raise a thousand 
tender images in his mind ; and, when he stops to look at it for the last 
time, in a spot endeared by religion, covered with the venerable relics 
of antiquity, and in itself eminently beautiful, we are led to listen with a 
melancholy interest to the farewell of the solitary fugitive. 

The discourse of Umbricius may be resolved under the following heads : 
Flattery and Vice are the only thriving arts at Rome; 21 — 57- in these 
points the Romans are left far in the distance by the foreigners, more 
especially the Greeks, who resort to the city in such shoals, 58 — 125. 
Poor clients are not only defrauded of their dues by wealthy competitors, 
126 — 130. but have the mortification of seeing low-born fellows put over 
their head, 131 — 136. 153 sqq. and of finding themselves universally 
slighted, 137 — 163. Then the expense of living in Rome is enormous, 
147 sqq. 164 sqq. 223 — 225. Besides, you are in constant apprehension 
of being either buried by some overgrown, top-heavy, building, or burnt 
in your bed : 190 — 222. that is, if you can contrive to fall asleep in the 
midst of such a din and racket, 232 — 238. Unless you are rich you 
cannot move about town with any comfort, 239 — 267- and if you stir out 
after dark, you are almost sure of a broken head, either from some 
missile out of a garret-window, 268 — 277- or from the cudgel of some 
choice spirit, who has sallied into the streets in quest of an adventure : 
278 — 301. should you try to avoid such a rencounter by striking into 
the lanes, you run the risk of being robbed and murdered by one of 
those numerous ruffians, who, for the accommodation of the honest 
citizens, have been hunted into Rome, and there left to exercise their 
vocation unshackled, as the blacksmiths cannot keep pace with the 
demand for irons, 302 — 314. 

After alleging these various reasons for leaving town, Umbricius bids an 
affectionate farewell to his friend, 315 — 322. G. R. 

This Satire is imitated by Math. Reignier, Sat. iii. by Nic. Boileau, Sat. i. 
and vi. by Smollett, ( Satirical Description of London and Bath in the 
Expedition of Humphry Clinker; 'R. and by Dr. Johnson, in " London ; 
a Poem." 



sat. in. THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. 



41 



10 



Quamvis digressu veteris confusus amici, 
Laudo tamen, vacuis quod sedem figere Cumis 
Destinet atque unum civem donare Sibylla?. 
Janua Baiarum est et gratum litus amoeni 
Secessus. Ego vel Prochytam praepono Suburse. 
Nam quid tarn miserum, tam solum vidimus, ut non 
Deterius credas horrere incendia, lapsus 
Tectorum assiduos ac mille pericula sscvse 
Urbis et Augusto recitantes mense poetas? 
Sed dum tota domus reda componitur una, 
Substitit ad veteres arcus madidamque Capenam. 



1. « Troubled.' R. 

2. Cumce, which was ' now decayed 
and but thinly inhabited,' was the ancient 
capital of Campania and one of the oldest 
cities in Italy, built by a colony of 
Cumaeans from Asia. LU. M. cf. x. 102. 
Virg. G. ii. 225. Hor. I Ep. vii. 45. ii. 
81 sqq. R. 

3. 4 At least one citizen to the Sibyl/ 
G. i.e. ' to Cumae.' cf. Plaut. Pers. IV. 
iii. 6. R. In this town there was a 
celebrated temple of the Sibyl, hence 
called Cumaean. The Sibyls were ten in 
number; and the name is derived from 
fioi/Xh and i. e. Aug, LU. or 'Siou for 
QioZ. PR. Virg. M. vi. 10 sqq. M. 

4. ' It is the grand thoroughfare to 
Baice, (cf. viii. 160. R.) which was a 
very fashionable watering-place; nullus 
in orbe sinus Baiis prcelucet umoenis; Hor. 
I Ep. i. 83. BRI. Both these towns 
were pleasantly situated in the Bay of 
Naples. LU. 

5. Prochyta, now ' Procita,' was a 
barren rock, about three miles in circum- 
ference, off Cape Misenus. Some derive 
the name from vgoxuvxt, from its having 
been thrown out of the sea by an earth- 
quake. Plin. H. N. ii. 8*8. iii. 6. Sil. viii. 
542. Virgil calls it aha; JE. ix. 715. 
Statius aspera; II S. ii. 76. LU. PR. R. 
It is now converted into a pretty, fertile, 
spot. G. 

Subura, the etymology, and, conse- 
quently, the orthography of this word is 
uncertain : cf. Varr. L. L. iv. 8. Quint. 
I. vii. 28. BO, p. 82. It now retains the 
name of ' la Suburra.' It was a noisy 
street, full of shops, and frequented by 
thieves and prostitutes, x. 156. xi. 51. 



141. Mart. VI. lxvi. 2. VII. xxxi. 12- 
X. xciv. 5. XII. xviii. 2. Pers. v. 32. 
LU. PR. M. R. 

6. « Lonely;' Sil. iii. 429. R. 

7. Cf. LI, on Tac. An. xv. 43. HEU, 
Comm. de Pol. Rom. §. 17. and 45. Sen. 
Contr. ix. 2. R. prceterea domibusf I am- 
mam domibusque ruin am; Prop. II. 
xxvii. 9. BRI. 

8. It is ' cruel' to keep persons in con- 
stant fear of their lives. GR. 

Equidem, nos quod Romae sumus, 
miserrimum esseduco, — quod omnibus 
c a sib us subitorum periculorum 
magis objecti sumus, quam si abessemus ; 
Cic. VI Ep. iv. BRI. 

9. There is much malicious humour in 
this climax : ' fires, falls of houses, and 
poets reciting their verses in the dog-days!' 
In the very hottest month, when every 
one who could, ran away from Rome, 
those who remained behind were called 
upon to help make an audience for these 
incessant spouters. Metastasio's transla- 
tion of this passage is peculiarly happy, 
" a tanti rischi Delia citta trovarsi esposto, 
e al folle Cic alar de' poeti a giorni 
estivi." cf. i. 1 sqq. Pers. i. 17. Hor. I 
S. ix. A. P. 453 sqq. BRI. PR. G. 

10. ' All his family and furniture are 
stowed in a single wagon.' PR. This 
shows the frugal moderation of Umbritius. 
BRI. Reda is derived from the same Cel- 
tic root as our verb ride. It was a four- 
wheeled vehicle. R. 

11. ' He stopped for it.' VS. While 
he and Juvenal are standing there, the 
following conversation takes place. M. 

' The ancient triumphal arches' of 
Romulus, which were built of brick 



42 THE SATIRES sat. hi. 

Hie, ubi nocturna? Numa constituebat amicse, 
Nunc sacri fontis nemus et delubra locantur 
Judaeis, quorum cophinus fcenumque supellex, 
15 (Omnis enim populo mercedem pendere jussa est 
Arbor et ejectis mendicat silva Camenis) 
In vallem Egeriae descendimus et speluncas 
Dissimiles veris. Quanto prsestantius esset 
Numen aquas, viridi si margine clauderet undas 



originally, afterwards of marble. LU. Or 
the arches of the aqueduct. T. HK. 

Capena was the gate opening to the 
Appian road: VS. now called " St 
Sebastian's Gate." GR. It was ' wet' 
from the number of springs there (whence 
it had the name of Fontinalis) FE. and 
also from the constant dripping of the 
aqueducts. Capena grandi porta <jua 
pluit grttta ; Mart. III. xlvii. I. LU. X. 
xxxv. 14. Liv. xxxv. 10. R. It was also 
called Triumphalis, from the triumphs 
passing through it. PR. 

12. Numa Pompilius, nt populum 
Romunum sacris obligaret, volebat videri 
sibi cum dea Egeria congrestus esse noctur- 
nes, ejnsque monitu accepta diis immortali- 
bus sacra instituere ; V. Max. i. 2. Liv. 
i. 19. 21. PR. Numpha Numce conjux, 
consiliumque fuit; Ov. F. iii. 262. 276. 
&c. GR. M. xv. 482 sqq. Dionys. ii. 60 
sqq. Plut. Num. R. 

' Made assignations;' vi. 487. Prop. 
IV. viii. 33. R. 

13. Luc lis erat, quern medium ex 
opaco specu fons perenni rigabat aqua : 
quo quia se perscepe Numa sine arbitris 
velut ad con g ressum deae inferebat; 
Camenis eum lucum sacravit, quod 
earum sibi concilia cum conjuge sua 
Egeria essent ; Liv. i. 21. PR. 

More than one delubrum were often 
within the same templum or riftivo;. 

Locare ' to let,' conducere ' to hire or 
rent;' 31. Such was the avarice of the 
Romans that they exacted rent from these 
Jews, though they were so poor, that ' a 
basket with a small bundle of hay con- 
stituted the whole of their goods and 
chattels:' vi. 541. and such their im- 
piety that they did not scruple to let 
the sacred grove to these persecuted out- 
casts. LU. PR. R, 

14. The heathens confounded the 
Christians and ' the Jews.' The latter 
had been expelled from Rome, reoently, 



by an edict of Domitian, CU. as, for- 
merly, by a decree of Claudius: not 
long afterwards, however, the city was 
again full of them. vi. 542 sqq. R. 

The ' hay' probably served by way of a 
pillow to keep their heads from the damp 
ground. BRI. G. The xn<pivo; was a 
' basket,' in which the Jews used to carry 
their provisions, to keep them from pollu- 
tion. See St Matthew xiv. 20. xvi. 9 sq. 
St Mark vi. 43. viii. 19 sq. St Luke ix. 1 7. 
St John vi. 13. M. When it is said that 
the disciplesofourLord gathered up twelve 
baskets full of fragments, it may mean 
that each apostle filled his own basket. 

15. ' Not a tree but pays its rent :' for 
the grove was crowded with these poor 
wretches, who were glad to avail them- 
selves even of this comfortless shelter. M. 
Suet. Dom. 12. R. 

The phrase mercedem pendere (whence 
our word pound) originated from sums 
of money being weighed, instead of 
counted. LU. 

16. Cf. vi. 541 sqq. 1 The old tenants 
being served with an ejectment.' By 
' the forest' is meant ' the new tenantry 
of the forest,' which ' goes a begging' to 
collect both a livelihood and the rent 
against next quarter-day. LU. Or ' the 
forest swarms with beggars.' M. 

17. ' I and Umbricius.' LU. 

' Grottoes, altered till they have lost 
all resemblance to nature.' LU. 

18. Cf. xi. 116 sq. Perhaps we should 
read praesentius; cf. Virg. E. i. 42. 
G.i. 10. JE. ix. 404. GR. H. R. 

19. Our poet here is indebted to Ovid : 
vallis erat,piceis et acuta densa cupressu ; 
cujus in extremo est antrum nernor ale 
recessu, arte laboratum nulla: siniulaverat 
artem ingenio natura suo : nam pumice 
vivo et levibus tophis nativum duxerat 
arcum. Fons sonat a dexira tenui per- 
lucidus unda, margine gramineo 
patulos incinctus hiatus; Met. iii. 



SAT. III. 



OF JUVENAL. 



43 



20 Herba nec ingenuum violarent marmora tophum ! 

Hie tunc Umbricius " Quando artibus" inquit " honestis 
Nullus in Urbe locus, nulla emolumenta laborum, 
Res hodie minor est, here quam fuit, atque eadem eras 
^Deteret exiguis aliquid : proponimus illuc 

25 Ire, fatigatas ubi Daedalus exuit alas, 

Dum nova canities, dum prima et recta senectus, 
Dum superest Lachesi, quod torqueat, et pedibus me 
Porto meis, nullo dextram subeunte bacillo. 
Cedamus patria : vivant Artorius istic 

30 Et Catulus : maneant, qui nigrum in Candida vertunt, 
Quis facile est sedem conducere, flumina, portus, 



155 sqq. Numen aqucs ' the sacred fount:' 
R. or ' the Naiad of the spring.' M. 

20. Ingenuum ' native.' The tophus 
was 'a coarse lime-stone,' which was 
now supplaced by ' a marble basin.' R. 
Art. ' does violence' to nature : nullo vio- 
latus Jupiter auro ; xi. 116. violaverit ostro 
ebur ; Virg. iE. xii. 67. Mart. I. liv. 6. 
[tiaiviiv lxi<pa.vrx (poivixr Hom.Il.Al41.R. 

21. The word honestis is emphatic. M. 
This passage is an imitation of Plautus 
Merc. V. i. 7 sqq. GR. 

22. Emolumentum, from e and mola, 
was properly ' the profit got by grist.' 

23. 1 My fortune is growing less, daily.' 
PR. 

Here is an ancient form of heri. PR. 

24. ' Will file down somewhat.' dam- 
nosa quid non imminuit dies? Hor. Ill 
Od. vi. 45. GR. Strictly speaking, res 
deter it ur and not deter it. R. 

* I and my family propose.' M. 

25. [Livy xxviii, 15, 5. ED.] ' Fa- 
tigued with his long flight from Crete.' 
Virg. JE. vi. 14 sqq. If Dasdalus, who 
had the choice of all the world before 
him, fixed upon Cumee, it must indeed 
be a lovely spot (since he was both 
7t<j£to$ and s/^yj. cf. Arist. Rh. I. vii. 2.) 
LU. i. 54. PR. Sil. xii. 89 sqq. R. 

26. ' Before the infirmities of old age 
grow upon me:' LU. cf. Cic. Sen. 26. 
60. PR. donee virenti canities ahest 
morosa; Hor. 1 Od. ix. 17 sq. R. Phi- 
losophers divided man's life thus : from 
birth to 3 or 4 infantia, 3 or 4 to 10 
pueritia, 10 to 18 pubertas, 18 to 25adoles- 
centia, 25 to 35 or 40juventus, 35 or 40 to 
50 alas virilis, 50 to 65 senectus prima or 
recta, 65 till death senectus' ultima or 



decrepita. HO. 

27. Dum res et cetas et sororum fila 
trium patiuntur atra ; Hor. IT Od. iii. 
15 sq. The respective offices of the 
three Destinies is described in the follow- 
ing verse : Clotho colum gestat, Lachesis 
net, et Atropos occat. The name of 
Lachesis is derived from Z.wy%avuv. LU, 
cf. Cat.lxiv. 312 sqq. Torquere and versare 
(Tib. II. i. 64.) signify ' to spin.' R. 

28. Senex, gravatus annis, totus in 
baculum promts et lassum irahens vesti' 
gium ; Apul. LU. Compare the riddle 
of the Sphinx. 

29. Cf. ii. 131. Artorius and Catulus 
were two knaves who, by disreputable 
arts, had risen from the dregs of the 
people to affluence. VS. 

30. Qui facere assuerat, patrice non 
degener artis, Candida de nigris et 
de candentibus atra : Ov. M. xi. 314 sq. 
' White' and * black' the ancients often 
used for ' good' and ' bad :' hie niger est ; 
hunc tu, Romane, caveto ; Hor. I S. iv. 
85, Pers. v. 108. His premium nunc est, 
qui recta pravafaciunt; Ter. Phor. V. ii. 6. 
LU. Pers. ii. 1 sq. Mundana sapientia 
est cor machinationibus tegere, sensum 
verbis velare, quae falsa sunt vera ostend ere, 
quce vera sunt falsa demonstrare ; Greg. 
Mag. Mor. PR,. 

31. ' Who have the means of getting 
contracts for lucrative public works.' M. 
These contractors were generally of the 
Equestrian order. R. ' The building of 
a temple;' for this is (almost without 
exception) the signification of aedes in 
the singular. SV. v/iov picrdovo-Scu- Her. 
v. 62. See uote on vi. 597. [Livy xxii, 
33, 8 ; xxiii, 48, 10. (DE.) ED.] 



44 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. III. 



Siccandam eluviem, portandum ad busta cadaver, 
Et praebere caput domina venale sub hasta. 
Quondam hi cornicines et municipalis arense 
85 Perpetui comites notseque per oppida buccse, 
Munera nunc edunt et verso pollice vulgi 



' The clearing the mud from rivers 
and harbours,' or else ' the fisheries, fer- 
ries, and harbour dues.' FA. BRI. Or 
' the construction and reparation of har- 
bours.' GR. 

32. 4 The cleansing of the public 
sewers.' VS. cf. Arist. Eth. iv. 1. 

1 The furnishing of a funeral.' G. 
Scipio's funeral was performed by con- 
tract, the sum being raised by subscrip- 
tion : Plin. H. N. xxi. 3. PR. 

33. ' To speculate in a drove of slaves' 
by buying the whole cargo, and then dis- 
posing of them by auction in separate 
lots. GR. Pers. vi. 76 sq. M. 

' A spear' used to be stuck up as the 
sign of a public auction. [Livy xxiii, 37, 
3 ; xxvii, 24, b. ED.] It was called 
' the mistress-spear' as implying the 
dominion over the person and life of the 
slave, which was then and there vested 
in the purchaser. BR. M. Tib. II. iv. 
54. dominus and domina are often used 
as adjectives : Ov. Her. iii. 100. H. 

34. 1 They once used to blow the horn 
at the provincial theatres, and attend the 
strolling company of prize-fighters from 
town to town.' T. PR. 'The horn' was 
sounded to call the people together, as 
at the shows in our country fairs. AT. 

Municipinm was • a borough-town,' 
which had the privileges and freedom of 
Rome, and at the same time was governed 
by laws of its own, somewhat like our 
corporations. M. 

35. 'Their faces were known;' for 
which Juvenal says 'their cheeks,' the 
most prominent part of their faces while 
they were puffing their horns. PR. AT. 

36. ' Now they give shows to the people.' 
From the occasional practice of putting 
prisoners of war to death at the grave of 
a favourite chief who had fallen in battle, 
as the readiest way to appease his manes, 
arose that of exhibiting combats of gladi- 
ators in Rome, at the funerals of eminent 
persons ; to which they were for some 
time restricted. The magistrates were the 
first to break through this restriction, by 
producing them at festivals for the amuse- 
ment of the citizens. Ambitious men 
soon found that to gratify the people 



with such entertainments was one of the 
readiest roads to power. Cicero first 
checked this abuse by a law prohibiting 
candidates from so doing." Augustus de- 
creed that they should be given but 
twice a year. Caligula removed every 
restriction : Uomitian gave them every 
encouragement : and even Trajan ex- 
hibited the horrid spectacle of 10,000 
victims, on his triumph over the Dacians! 
There were other checks of a secondary na- 
ture : among these a decree of the senate, 
ne quis gladiatorium munus ederet 
cut minor quadringentorum millium res ; 
Tac. An. iv. 63. and he was also required 
to be a free citizen ; for Harpocras, the 
freedman of Claudius, exhibited them by 
the emperor's special indulgence. This 
will account for the indignation which 
the poet feels, when such purse-proud 
upstarts presumed to trifle away the lives 
of their fellow-creatures at the caprice of 
an unfeeling rabble. Constantine sup- 
pressed these barbarous shows ; which 
were finally abolished by Arcadius and 
Honorius. cf. Suet. Caes. 10. Tac. An. 
xiii. 49. G. T. R. 

Vertere polliccm was a sign of con- 
demnation, premere poll'tcem of favour, cf. 
Hor. I Ep. xviii. 66. LU. Plin. xxviii. 2. 
PR. The brutalization, resulting from 
the frequent sight of these massacres, ren- 
dered instances of compassion but rare. 
If any where, we might have anticipated 
such pity would be found in the breasts of 
the Vestals : O tenerum mitemquc animum ! 
consurgit ad iclus : et, quolies victor ferrum 
jugulo inserit, ilia delicias ait esse suas ! 
pectusquejacentis virgo modesta jubet con- 
verso pollice rumpi; ne lateat pars 
ulla animit vitalibus imis, altius impresso 
dum palpitut ense secutor ! Prud. adv. 
Sym. 1095. No war or pestilence ever 
swept away such myriads of the human 
race, as these barbarous sports. In some 
months, twenty or thirty thousand were 
slaughtered in Europe alone. Nero and 
Caligula did but put to death some hun- 
dreds during their reigns : whereas, at 
these games, even private citizens fre- 
quently butchered a thousand in a day ! 
LI. G. 



SAT. III. 



OF JUVENAL. 



45 



Quern libet occidunt populariter: inde reversi 
Conducunt foricas; et cur non omnia? quum sint, 
Quales ex humili magna ad fastigia rerum 

40 Extollit, quoties voluit Fortuna jocari. 

Quid Romae faciam ? Mentiri nescio : librum, 
Si malus est, nequeo laudare et poscere : motus 
Astrorum ignoro: funus promittere patris 
Nec volo nec possum : ranarum viscera numquam 

45 Inspexi. Ferre ad nuptam, quae mittit adulter, 



37. ' When the vulgar spectators have 
notified their wishes, he gives the death- 
signal which was waited for, to curry 
favour with the rabble;' LU. GR. and 
therefore might be said 'to kill' the 
gladiator: cf. 116. R. upon the prin- 
ciple quifacit per alium,facit per se. 

' From these magnificent exhibitions, 
they start off to the ediles to get some 
lucrative contract, no matter how sordid.' 
ACH. 

38. « They farm the jakes,' built for 
the accommodation of the public, upon 
payment of a trifle, conducere ' to con- 
tract for;' vi. 597. R. see note on 13. 
cf. Arist. Eth.iv. 1. 

40. ' The elevation of such low people 
is solely attributable to a frolic of the 
blind goddess.' x. 366. Hor. I Od. 
xxxiv. 14 sqq. xxxv. 1 sqq. Ill Od. xxix. 
49 sqq. M. vii. 197 sq. Stat. Th. iii. 
179. Claud, in Eut. i. 23 sqq. Hence 
she is called improba ; vi. 605 sqq. hum 

xoii tcov <rvii ^v^yig LyctQuv xara<p^oviTv, 
OQavra, u<T7fi(> Iv crxvivTi xou <7ro'kuif(>o(ruff&> 
^get/tart, rov fjbiv l| otxzrou ^lervroTnv Tgoi- 
ovrec, tov ccvt) -TrXovfflov srlvjjra, <rov $t 
(rargct<rnv Ix crsv^raj vi (ZeurtXioc. tovto yag 
rei xcti to ^nvorwrov iffTtv, on, xaWoi 
fjiok(>rvQ0U{6iv?iS t?is Iv^ns Wctt^llV TO, TUV 
avfy&Tuv <T(>u.y[ji.a.roi xou oftoXoyovtryis ft*i$iv 
ulruv iha.1 fi'ifiaiov, opus (awto) tregi'iutri 
vuvris eu yiyvopiwv iX<zr!$&>9' Luc. in 
Nig. 20. R. [Livy xxx, 30, 2. ED.] 

41. Vir bonus et pauper linguaque et 
pectore verus, quid tibi vis, Urbem qui, 
Fabiane, petis? qui nec leno potes nec 
comissator haberi, nec pavidos tristi voce 
chare reos ; nec potes uxorem cari cor- 
rumpere amid, plaudere nec Cano plaudere 
nec Glaphyro. Unde miser vivesl homo 
Jidus, certus amicus, hoc nihil est : num- 
quam sic Philomelus eris; Mart. IV. v. 
VVyatt, in his Epistle to his friend Poynes, 
shows that he had this Satire before him : 



" But how may I this honour now attaine, 
That cannot dye the colour black a Iyer 1 ? 
My Poynes, I cannot frame my tune to 
fayn, To cloke the truth, for praise with- 
out desert, Of them that list all vice for 
to retayne." Hence he cannot prefer 
Chaucer's Tale of Sir Topas to his Pa- 
laemon and Arcite: he cannot " Praise 
Syr Topas for a noble tale, And scorne 
the story that the Knight tolde. Praise 
him for counsell that is dronke of ale ; 
Grinne when he laughes that beareth all 
the sway, Frowne when he frownes, and 
grone when he is pale ; On others' lust 
to hang both night and day." G. 

Librum: cf. Hor. A. P. 419 sqq. 
Pers. i. FA. quod tarn grande " <ratpas !" 
clamat tibi turba togata, non tu, Pomponi, 
caena diserta tua est; Mart. VI. xlviii. 
M. 

42. Poscere ' to say I should be de- 
lighted to have a copy.' FA. 

' I am no astrologer.' FA. vi. 553 
sqq. xiv. 248 sq. R. 

43. Spondere; vi. 548. ' to the pro- 
digal and expectant heir' (vi. 565 sqq.), 
R. qui filius ante diem patrios inquirit 
in annos, Ov. M. i. 148. FA. 

44. « Though a soothsayer, I never 
explored the entrails of a toad,' for the 
purpose of extracting poison. Ex ran a e 
rubetce visceribus, id est, lingua, os- 
siculo, liene, corde, mira fieri posse constat, 
sunt enim plurimis medicaminibus re- 
ferta ; Plin. FA. i. 70. PR. vi. 658. 
563 sqq. M. Ov. M. xv. 577. R. Either 
our ' toad' is not the rana rubeta, or it 
has lost its noxious qualities in this 
country. The compounders of poisons 
might pretend to extract venom from 
toads, in order to conceal their secret, 
which more probably was some vege- 
table or mineral poison. G. 

45. Qua mittit, 1 billets doux and pre- 
sents.' GR. 



46 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. III. 



Quae mandat, norunt alii : me nemo ministro 
Fur erit atque ideo nulli comes exeo, tamquam 
Mancus et exstinctae corpus non utile dextrae. 
Quis nunc diligitur, nisi conscius et cui fervens 

50 iEstuat occultis animus semperque tacendis ? 
Nil tibi se debere putat, nil conferet umquam, 
Participem qui te secreti fecit honesti. 
Cams erit Verri, qui Verrem tempore quo vult 
Accusare potest. Tanti tibi non sit opaci 

55 Omnis arena Tagi quodque in mare volvitur aurum, 
Ut somno careas ponendaque praamia sumas 
Tristis et a magno semper timearis amico. 

Quae nunc divitibus gens acceptissima nostris 
Et quos praecipue fugiam, properabo fateri 

60 Nec pudor obstabit. Non possum ferre, Quirites, 
Graecam Urbem: quamvis quota portio faecis Achaei? 



46. Quce mandat, ' messages.' GR. 

47. ' 1 will never be an accessary to 
peculation, or lend myself as an agent to 
extortion ; therefore no governor, when 
departing for one of the foreign pro- 
vinces, would receive me into his train.' 
cf. 53 sq. 

48. ' A cripple.' exstinctte dextrce is 
a Grecism for exstinctu deitra. ' I am 
not dexterous enough in knavery to 
be made any one's right-hand man.' 

49. Quis? i. e. nemo, ' none, but the 
confidant of a guilty secret.' FA. vis 
fieri dives, Bitliynicel conscius esto ; Mart. 
VI. I. 5. R. 

50. Animo oestuante reditum ad vada 
retulit ; Cat. a metaphor from the sea 
• raging and boiling' under the influence 
of a storm: fervet vertigine pontus; 
Ov.M.xi. 549. Maura semper aestuat 
inida ; Hor. II Od. vi. 3 sq. " The 
wicked are like the troubled sea, when it 
cannot rest, whose waters cast up mire 
and dirt. There is no peace, saith my 
God, to the wicked;" Isa. lvii. 20 sq. M. 
" R a g i n g u aves of the sea , foaming 
out their own shame;" St Jude 13. 

51. ' To be under no obligation.' M. 
Nil tibi, vel minimum, basia pur a da- 
bunt; Mart. VI. 1.6. R. 

53. Cf. ii. 26. PR. Tac. A. vi. 4. 
Amm. Marc. XXVIII. vi. 20. R. See 
47. 

54. Arcanum neque tu scrutaberis ullius 



umquam, commissumque tegas, vel vino 
tortus et ira; Hor. I Ep. xviii. 37 sq. 
FA. 

AEstus serenos aureo f ranges Togo, 
obscurus umbris arbor urn ; Mart. I. 1. 
15 sq. PR. 

55. Now ' the Taio.' R. arena aurum- 
que (ev }ia. ^vo7v) * golden sands.' 

65. Some confound ponenda with pro- 
posita: (Virg. JE. v. 292. 486.) it is 
rather equivalent to deponenda, especially 
in juxta-position with sumas; R. as in 
Hor. Ill Od. ii. 19. M. ii. 66. 

57. 4 To your sorrow,' oh ^cclouv. 

Cf. 113. i. 33. M. vi. 313. 7i* pojScgfr 
iffri <pofhos fojv o~uve&{ttvcov ti vroinvau, it 
ira.^u.<TKivy\ yct^ uvdyxri tivxi tov toiovtoV 
Arist. Rh. II. vi. 2. See the history of 
Pausanias in Thuc. i. 132 sqq. 

59. Nec sequar aut fugiam, qua dili- 
git ipse vel odit ; Hor. I Ep. i. 72. GR. 

60. Pudor: Umbricius blushed for his 
country. 

Quirites! is said in bitterness of spirit, 
and as a contrast to Graecam. vi. 16. 185 
sqq. 291 sqq. xi. 169 sqq. xv. 110 sqq. 
Pers. vi. 38. K. Sil. iii. 178. xii. 41. 49. 
69. Cic. pro Flac. Luc. Nig. 15. R. 

61. « A Grecian Rome. (xv. 110. J?.) 
Yet when I see what a deluge of Asiatics 
the Orontes has disgorged into the Tiber, 
I must own that the filth of Gree ce bears 
but a small proportion to the inundation 
of impurity with which we are over- 



SAT. Til. 



OF JUVENAL. 



47 



Jam pridem Syrus in Tiberim defluxit Orontes 
Et linguam et mores et cum tibicine chordas 
Obliquas nec non gentilia tympana secum 
65 Vexit et ad Circum jussas prostare puellas. 
Ite, quibus grata est picta lupa barbara mitra. 
Rusticus ille tuus sumit trechedipna, Quirine, 
Et ceromatico fert niceteria collo. 
Hie alta Sicyone ast hie Amydone relicta, 



whelmed.' G. cf. xiii. 157. The depra- 
vity of the Greeks we learn from 1 Cor. 

vi. 9 — 1 1 . and elsewhere in the New Tes- 
tament. M. oXu. rot, 'ifon o\6poco? ttbrofa (at 
Rome) evvooxttrrou, us to Kctwa^oxav xou 
"Xvpav xou Uovtixuv xa) aXXcov vrXiiovooV 
Ath. i. 36. BO. 

62. The inhabitants of the East, and 
especially of Antioch, which was on the 
Orontes, (Julian. Misop. Herodian IT. 

vii. 15. HN.) were scandalously de- 
bauched in their morals, (viii. 158 sq.) 
and introduced quite new fashions ; (vii. 
14 sqq. viii. 198 sqq.) Mart. III. iv. V. 
Ivi. Suet. Ves. 19. For a similar me- 
taphor, see vi. 295. Claud. Eut. i. 434. 
Isa. viii. 6—8. R. 

63. Luxurice peregrines origo ab exer- 
citu A&ialico invecta in urbem est ; turn 
psalirice sambucisiriceque et convivialia 
ludionum oblectamenta addita epulis ; Liv. 
xxxix. 6. the sambucum was a triangular 
lyre. The ' harp and flute' were very 
generally played together; cf. Hor. E. 
ix. 5 sq. and elsewhere. SP. 

64. « National tambourines." VS. 
Lucr. ii. 618. R. 

65. There were several Circuses at 
Rome. The Circus Maximus is here 
meant, which was first built by Tarquinius 
Priscus, PR. and by subsequent alter- 
ations was able to accommodate 260,000 
spectators, KN. being more than three 
furlongs in length, and one broad; Plin. 
xxxvi. 15 s 24. BRI. See 223. 

' To stand for hire.' vi. 123. R. i. 47. 
Puellas, et quas Euphrates et quas mihi 
misit Orontes; Prop. II. xxiii. 21. R. 

66. ' Hie thither.' G. 

' The barbarian harlot with em- 
broidered' (understand acu) ' turban.' 
These women were termed lupce from 
their rapacity ; and the houses where 
they lodged, htpanaria. The Greeks 
and Romans called all foreigners ' bar- 
barians.' M. See note on Her. i. pr. 

Cf. ii. 84. PR. Virg. M. iv. 216. 



ix. 616. Id. Cop. 1. Ov. M. xiv. 654. 
Claud. Eut. ii. 185, R. 

67. The Romans were reduced to the 
level of prize-fighters ; while foreigners 
were worming themselves into every post 
of power and profit. LU. To mark his 
contempt the more, the poet crowds his 
description with Greek words. G. cf. 
Hor. II Ep. i. 32 sq. R. 

Rusticm; cf. ii. 74. 127. viii. 274 sq. 
M. 

It is not agreed what part of the dress 
is meant by T^s^^s/srva. It may be the 
same as htpopn, ' a gymnastic dress,' 103. 
vi. 245. T. or ' the succinct vest of the 
Greek wrestlers,' G. or ' a suit of livery,' 
cf. v. 143. RU. or ' a cloak in which 
they ran for their supper or dole,' 
127 sq. LU. PR. HO. or < Grecian 
shoes,' VS. SA. HN. or the same as vixyi- 
rypiot, i. e. ' prizes worn round the neck, 
which served as badges to distinguish 
such as were entitled to partake of the 
suppers provided at the public expense.' 
JS. RI. VO. 

Quirinus, a surname of Romulus, de- 
rived from curis a Sabine word signi- 
fying ' a spear;' or from Cures, after the 
admission of the Sabines into Rome. 
Mars was called Gmdivus when incensed, 
and Quirinus when pacified. Ov. F. ii, 
475 sqq. PR. cf. ii. 128. 

68. Cf. ii. 143. ACH. Ceroma was an 
ointment made of oil, wax, and clay; 
LU. (Mart. VII. xxxii. 9. PR.) Plin. 
xxviii. 4 s 13. xxxv. 12 sq. R. with 
which they besmeared their neck and 
breast, and that profusely ; for Seneca, 
telling his friend Lucilius of a journey he 
had taken, says, ' the roads were so bad 
that he rather swam than walked, and, 
before he got to his inn, was plastered 
over with ceroma like a prize-fighter.' G. 
Mart. IV. iv. 10. xix. .5. 

69. Cf. vii. 14 sqq. Sicyon, in Achaia, 
was iv) XoQov ipvfAvov Strab. viii. p. 587. 
R. 



48 THE SATIRES sat. hi. 

70 Hie Andro, ille Samo, hie Trallibus aut Alabandis, 
Esquilias dictumque petunt a vimine collem, 
Viscera magnarum domuum dominique futuri. 
Ingenium velox, audacia perdita, sermo 
Promptus et Isaeo torrentior. Ede, quid ilium 

75 Esse putes? quern vis hominem, secum adtulit ad nos : 
Grammaticus, rhetor, geometres, pictor, aliptes, 
Augur, schcenobates, medicus, magus ; omnia novit. 
Grseculus esuriens in ccelum, jusseris, ibit. 
Ad summam, non Maurus erat neque Sarmata nee Thrax, 

80 Qui sumsit pennas, mediis sed natus Athenis. 



Amydon, in Paeonia a district of 
Macedon. Horn. II. B 849. LU. 

70. Andros one of the Cyclades. LU. 
Samos an island off the coast of Ionia, 

where Juno was especially worshipped. 

Tralles a frontier town of Lydia. PR. 
Alabanda a rich city of Caria. LU. 

71. ' The Esquiline and Viminal 
Hills,' two of the seven on which Rome 
stood, are put for the city itself. The 
former is now * the Mount of St Mary 
the Greater.' PR. It had its name from 
esculi ' the bay-oaks' which grew there : 
M. but cf. Ov. F. iii. 245. B. 

72. ' The vital organs.' PR. 

73. Ingenium velox ; Ov. M. viii. 254. 
R. 

74. < Than that of Isa?us.* R. There 
were two celebrated orators of this name : 
(1) the preceptor of Demosthenes, who 
came to Athens from Chalcis : Quint. 
xii.10. (2) An Assyrian, who nourished 
at Rome in Hadrian's reign : Plin. Ep. 
ii. 3. BRJ. 

' More rapidly fluent.' torrens dicendi 
copia et facundia ; x. 9 sq. 128. Quint. 
III. viii. 60. Plin. xxvi. 3. cf. largus 
et eiundans ingenU fons; x. 119. Horn. 
H. A 249. Hor. IV. ii. 5 sqq. R. 

< Tell me ;' 296. &c. Quid ; cf. i. 74. 
xi. 33. Ov. Her. xii. 31. R. 

75. ' He is a Jack of all trades : 
nothing comes amiss to him ; he is such 
a universal genius.' M. 

76. Terra mensor ; Hor. I Od. xxviii. 
1 sq. PR. geometres must be scanned as 
three syllables: FA. thus uno eodem- 
que igni; Virg. E. viii. 81. 

• An anointer' of wrestlers in the gym- 
nasium (from uXuQuv) : FA. who had 



also the training of athletes ; Pind. 01. 
viii. 71 sqq. Or ' a bath-man' who 
anointed those that had bathed : cf. vi. 
422. Or possibly, ' an oculist.' R. 

77. 'An Augur' divined the future 
from the flight, the feeding, and the 
chirping of birds : FA. ' an Aruspex'^ r 
from the entrails of sacrifices. i^^tu- ' 

' A Rope-dancer' (from ff%o7vos and 
(&a,lvuv)funambulus; Ter.Hec.pr.4.34.i'M. 

In Persis augnrantur et divinant magi : 
nec quisquam rex Persarum esse potest, qui 
non ante magorum disciplinam scientiamque 
perceperit ; Cic. Div. i. 90. PR. 

78. The diminutive ' Greekling' G. is 
used in contempt, cf. 61. R. Arist. Rh. 
III. ii. 6. 

Esuriens. Quis expedivit psittaco suum 
Xalgi picasque docuit nostra verba conaril 
Magister artis ingenique largitor venter, 
negalas artifex sequi voces; Pers. pr. 
8 sqq. FA. h trivia, ut ffvrevShv ivra.va.yu 
x,al ■Ti'rXavyi^.iv'/iv e|w koI <rt£i vroWa. rhv 
hdveiav x%^vv7av vfis iavrnv WiffrgiQW 
Chrys. Or. IV. ad Ant. R. " Necessity 
is the mother of Invention." 

Ibit ' he will try.' ccelum ipsum petimus 
stultitia ; Hor. I Od. iii. 38. R. 

79. ' In short.' LU. 
Sarmata ; ii. 1. PR. 

80. There is here a double allusion ; 
(1) to Dcpdalus, i. 54. who was either 
grandson or great-grandson,of Erechtheus 
king of Athens : (2) to a man at Rome, 
who made an attempt to fly in the reign 
of Nero : inter Pyrrhicarum argumenta, 
Icarus primo statim conatujuxta cubiculum 
ejus (Neronis) decidit, ipsumque cruore 
respersit; Suet. Ner. 12. Mart. Sp. viii. 
Though there is no certainty that this 
latter was an Athenian. R. GR. 



SAT. III. 



OF JUVENAL. 



49 



Horum ego non fugiam conchy lia? Me prior ille 
Signabit? fultusque toro meliore recumbet 
Advectus Rom am, quo prima et cottana vento ? 
Usque adeo nihil est, quod nostra infantia ccelum 

85 Hausit Aventinum baca nutrita Sabina? 

Quid, quod adulandi gens prudentissima laudat 
Sermonem indocti, faciem deformis amici, 
Et longum invalidi collum cervicibus aequat 
Herculis, Antaeum procul a tellure tenentis? 

90 Miratur vocem angustam, qua deterius nec 
Ille sonat, quo mordetur gallina marito. 



81. Conchylium, viii. 101. or murex, was 
the shell-fish from which the purple dye 
of the ancients was obtained. Plin. H. N. 
ix. 36. viii. I. It is here put for ' the 
purple robes' worn only by nobles and 
men of the first distinction. BRI. PR. R. 

' Shall he take precedence of me in 
signing marriage-settlements, wills, &c. 
as a witness.' LU. Pers. v. 81. PR. 

82. Effultnm pluma versicolore caput; 
Prop. III. vii. 50. or rather * on the 
el bo w.' R. The middle couch was the 
' more honourable one.' GR. Hor. II S. 
viii. 20 sqq. M. cf. St Luke xiv. 7. 

83. ' Imported from Syria.' LU. i. 

III. M. mistus Phariis venalis mer- 
cibus infans; Stat. II S. i. 73. R. 

' The plums of Damascus' were fa- 
mous. LU. They are mentioned in con- 
junction with cottana; Plin. H. N. xiii. 
5. xv. 13. Mart. XIII. xxviii sq. PR. 

IV. liii. 7. Stat. IV S. ix. 28. R. Hence 
our word, damsons, originally written 

DAMASCENES. 

Syria peculiares habet arbores in fi co- 
rum genere : caricas, et minores ejus gene- 
ris qu(B cottana vocant; Plin. xiii. 5. 
Mart. IV. lxxxix. 6. PR. 

85. Hausit caelum; Virg. M. x. 899. R. 
* The Aventine,' one of the seven hills, 

is now the Mount of St Sabina. PR. 

' The Sabine berry' is opposed to 
' the Syrian prunes.' The Sabine lands 
abounded in ' olives,' (Virg. JE. vii. 711. 
Sil. iii. 596. Mart.IV. iv.lO.i?.) which are 
here put for the fruits of Italy in general: 
the species for the genus. BRI. FA. 

86. For other descriptions of such flat- 
terers, see Hor. A. P. 428 sqq. Theoph. 
Ch. ii. Ter. Eun. II. ii. III. i. Amm. 
Ep. xxv. (cf. 100 sqq. Ov. A. A. ii. 200 



sqq. Plant. Amph. III. iii. 4 sqq.) Plufc. 
discr. Am. et Ad. R. LU. 

88. Collum ' the throat,' cervix ' the 
nape of the neck' PR. ' the neck and 
shoulders.' M. Plin. xiv. 22. Mart. XIV. 
xlviii. Pind. Isth. iv. 83 sqq. R. 

' Pronounces equal.' LU. 

89. The conflict of Hercules with 
Antseus, son of the Earth, whose strength 
was renovated by falling on the bosom 
of his mother and who was ultimately 
crushed by being held on high in the 
arms of his antagonist, is described, Luc. 
iv. 519 sqq. LU. Apollod. II. v. 11. R. 

90. ' He professes to admire.' LU. 

' Shrill and grating,' which is a great 
imperfection in a speaker; Quint, xi. 3. 
PR. vocis acuta mollities; Claud. Eut. i. 
340 sq. R. 

9 1 . As the text stands, the construction 
is ille (martins) sonat, (a ) quo marito g. m. 
There are instances of an ablative of 
the agent w i t h o ut a preposition. CO, on 
Sail. B. J. 15. 21. O, and RK, on Suet. 
Caes. 19. HK. Various alterations how- 
ever have been proposed; (1) cui for 
a quo as illiy scripta quibus comoedia 
prisca viris est ; Hor. I S. x. 16. Sil. i. 
208 sq. R. (2) Either d eterior ... . 
son us, quo {so no) . . . ; (3) or ilia 
(vox) . . . , qua . . . . BRE. (4) Either 
ilia ... , quum . . . ; (5) or ilia (gal- 
lina) . . . , qu ae . . . . CL. J A. ACH. 
In all these marito is the dative. The 
latter part cf the line is merely a peri- 
phrasis for gallus, as olentis uxores 
mar it i; Hor. I Od. xvii. 7, for capella: 
cf. Virg. E. vii. 7. in imitation of t«» 
atyxv «vj7£ Theoc. viii. 49. PR. Vox 
ultra vires urgenda non est: nam et suffo- 
cata scepe et majore nisumiiius clara est, et 



50 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. III. 



Haec eadem licet et nobis laudare : sed illis 
Creditur. An melior, quum Thaida sustinet, aut quum 
Uxorem comoedus agit vel Dorida nullo 
95 Cultam palliolo? Mulier nempe ipsa videtur, 
Non persona loqui: vacua et plana omnia dicas 
Infra ventriculum et tenui distantia rima. 
Nec tamen Antiochus nec erit mirabilis illic 
Aut Stratocles aut cum molli Demetrius Haemo. 

100 Natio comceda est. Rides? meliore cachinno 
Concutitur: flet, si lacrumas conspexit amici, 
Nec dolet: igniculum brumae si tempore poscas, 
Accipit endromiden: si dixeris " iEstuo," sudat. 
Non sumus ergo pares: melior, qui semper et omni 

105 Nocte dieque potest alienum sumere vultum, 
A facie jactare manus, laudare paratus, 



interim elisa in ilium sonurn erumpit, cui 
Grceci Kkuyftov nomen a gallorum imma- 
ture* cautu dederunt; Quint, xi. 3. LU. 

92. With illis understand tantum. R. 
cf. Suet. Ner. 22. PR. 

93. ' Is a better actor to be found 
than the Greek?' 

Thais was a common name in comedy 
for a courtezan. PR. 

Sustinere ' to sustain the part of,' 
synonymous with agere ' to act.' M. 

94. Coma'dus was the actor, comicus 
the writer of comedy. LU. 

Doris, the daughter of Oceanus and 
Tethys, was the mother of Thetis and 
other sea-nymphs by Nereus. LU. PR. 
HG. Or * a Doric girl.' The Spartan girls 
were scantily and thinly clad; whence 
o^ugiot^uv for Tagatpaivuv xut wuguyvfAvouv 
vroXv rod auu.oc.ro;' Eust. Hesych. R. 

95. ' A short mantle and hood,' or- 
dinarily worn by this class of females. 
Mart. IX. xxxiii. 1. XL xxvii. 8. cf. Ov. 
A. A. i. 734. Suet. Claud. 2. R. 

96. Persona -r^otrcorov * a mask,' hence 
* a fictitious character.' R. 

97. ' You would swear it was a 
woman, every inch of her.' 

98. Antiochus, Stratocles, Demetrius, 
and Hcsmus were celebrated actors of the 
day. Quint, xi. 3. LU. 

Illic ' in their own country.' PR. 

99. Called ' soft' perhaps from per- 
sonating females, vi. 198. LU. 

100. 'A horse-laugh.' AT. <xu fAv ly't- 



Xets, lyu V VZ,i6v/i<r>iov yiXurr Plut. Am. et 
Ad. LU. ffxid^puvri •^vy.Ppi iTiytXaffKt, 

t « / v in/ c *\ r 

to 71 tjuanov uaa.i si; ~ro (T70[ax, u; on ov 

0~UVU.{A<V0S XCtTCtO-Xilv T0V yiXuTCC' TheOph. 

Ch. ii. rim tremulo concussa cachinnent 
(corpora) et lacrumis salsis humcctent ora 
genasque ; Lucr. i. 918 sq. R. 

102. 'And yet grieves not in reality.' R. 
Pers. vi. 1. PR. 

103. ' A great coat,' used in winter 
after gymnastic exercises to prevent catch- 
ing cold, vi. 246. Mart. IV. xix. XIV. 
exxvi. PR. The h^ofilhs of the Greeks 
were shoes. R. cf. 67. 

JEstuo; i. 71. Such is Osric's character: 
" Ham. Your bonnet to his right use ; 
'tis for the head. Osn. I thank your 
lordship, 'tis very hot. Ham. No, believe 
me, 'tis very cold ; the wind is northerly. 
Osr. It is indifferent cold, my lord, 
indeed. Ham. But yet, methinks it is 
very sultry and hot; or my complexion — 
Osn. Exceedingly, my lord; it is very 
sultry, — as 'twere, — I cannot tell how — " 
Shakspeare Ham. V. ii. flJ. 

104. « A match.' M. 

' He has the best of it.' 

106. iv. 118. Mart. X. x. 10. Tac. H. 
i. 36. Plin. xxviii. 2. R. This exactly 
coincides with what we call kissing the 
hand to any one ; as is very frequently 
done when persons see each other at a 
distance, or are passing in carriages ; 
which is looked upon as a token of 
friendly courtesy. This custom is men- 



SATc III. 



OF JUVENAL. 



51 



Si bene ructavit, si rectum minxit amicus, 

Si trulla inverse crepitum dedit aurea fundo. 

Praeterea sanctum nihil est et ab inguine tutum ; 
1 ] Non matrona laris, non filia virgo, neque ipse 

Sponsus levis adhuc, non films ante pudicus. 

Horum si nihil est, aviam resupinat amici. 

Scire volunt secreta domus atque inde timeri. 
Et quoniam ccepit Graecorum mentio, transi 
115 Gymnasia atque audi facinus majoris abollse. 

Stoicus occidit Baream, delator amicum, 

Discipulumque senex, ripa nutritus in ilia, 



tioned as an action of religious worship 
paid by idolaters to the host of heaven ; 
Job xxxi. 27. M. 

Paratus « wont;' vi. 16. 207. ix. 7. 49. 
xii. 106. xiii. 108. R. 

107. Rectum for recte. FA. 

108. This may refer to the vulgar 
smack of the lips, caused by draining the 
very last drop from the golden cup turned 
bottom upwards and orifice downwards. 
T. Hor. II S. iii. 144. Mart. IX. xcvii. 1. 
Or to dashing the liquor, left in the bot- 
tom of the cup, on the floor; from which 
practice arose the amusement of a person's 
tossing it into brazen saucers, to find by 
the sound how much his sweetheart loved 
him. A. PR. Or it may mean * a golden 
stool-pan/ such as was used by luxuri- 
ous Romans. Mart. I. xxxviii. This 
though it yields an indelicate sense is 
more in unison with the preceding line, 
and also with a similar passage of Diodor. 
Sinop. tiff 1 SffTS^ov tov 'U^a-xXix ftiftauftsvai 
tuv sv-ro^uv rtvl;, rfagcio'irovs iXopivoi rgt- 
(Qitv, wagsxxXovv ol%) rovs % l u(>ii<r'ra.rovs 
IxXtyoptvot, tovs xoXaxidav Ivvuft'ivovs 
xat tfoivr IvrenvtTv' o7s tra^h fpoin^uyot, 
pcttyuvfict xcc) erawgov aiXovoov xaru(pu,y&iv t 
7a xoCi p'oV 'ityuffav ctlrov 'a^tyixivoii lav 
StTOTTafiri fjkira, vivos xaTOt.xufjt.ivos, tovtm 
Wgocrayotiv rhv p7vao*t7r xvru (pgutrai, " it'ohv 
to 4uft,ia.ftu touto Xuftfixviis ;" Ath. vi. 9. 
&c. R. Or ' the golden flagon' may be 
put metaphorically for ' the rich man's 
paunch.' BR1. There is a beautiful and 
well-known metaphor of this kind in 
Eccles. xii. 6. 

109. ' Safe from their lust.' LU. 

110. Matrona laris i. e. materfamilias. 
LU. The lares were ' the household 
gods.' PR. 



111. 'The smooth-faced youth be- 
trothed to the maiden daughter.' LU. 

Ante ' heretofore.' LU. 

112. ' He assails the grandmother:' 
a^e affords no protection. VS. vi. 126. 
viii. 176. R. 

113. ' By these intrigues they endea- 
vour to become possessed of family secrets.' 
R. 49 sqq. LU. There is an Italian pro- 
verb upon this subject, " Servo oV altrui 
si fa, Chi dice il suo secreto a chi no'l 
so." FA. 

114. ' Pass on to their schools of phi- 
losophy.' LU. 

1 15. Major ' more ample' or ' dignified,' 
as that of the Stoics. FE. 

Abolla was a cloak worn by philoso- 
phers, VS. military men, senators, and 
princes, iv. 76. Suet. Cal. 35. PR. It 
here means the philosopher himself. M. 

116. P. Egnatius Celer was bribed to 
give the false evidence upon which Bareas 
Soranus, an exemplary man, was capitally 
convicted under Nero. cf. i. 33. vi. 552. 
Tac. A. xvi. 21 sqq. particularly 32. H. 
iv. 10. 40. LU. R. 

Occidit, \6avi.TU(fi, see 37. vi. 481. 483 
sq. so metit and deponit ; 186. pignerat ; 
vii. 73. vendit', vii. 135. punire ; xvi. 13. 
damnare' to obtain a person's condemna- 
tion;' Tac. A. iii. 36. iv. 66. Suet. Tib. 
8. R. 

117. Tarsus a city of Cilicia, on the 
banks of the Cydnus, fabled to be so • 
named after ragcros ' a heel, hoof, or 
wing,' because either Bellerophon or 
Pegasus lost some feathers from the heel ; 
but the story is variously told. VS. LU. 
Or < Corinth.' GR. CAS. Or « Crete' 
according to others. Dio makes Egnatius 
a native of Berytus in Phoenicia. R. 



52 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. III. 



Ad quam Gorgonei delapsa est pinna caballi. 
Non est Romano cuiquam locus hie, ubi regnat 

120 Protogenes aliquis vel Diphilus aut Erimarchus, 
Qui gentis vitio numquam partitur amicum, 
Solus habet. Nam quum facilem stillavit in aurem 
Exiguum de naturae patriseque veneno, 
Limine submoveor : perierunt tempora longi 

125 Servitii. Nusquam minor est jactura clientis. 
Quod porro officium, ne nobis blandiar, aut quod 
Pauperis hie meritum, si curet nocte togatus 
Currere, quum Praetor lictorem impellat et ire 
Praecipitem jubeat dudum vigilantibus orbis, 



118. Gorgonei pinna caballi may be 
merely a periphrasis for Pegasus called 
• Gorgonian' as sprung from the blood of 
Medusa when slain by Perseus: Ov. M. 
iv. 785. and delapsa est may mean devo- 
lavit. Pegasus alighted on Mount Heli- 
con in Bceotia, where the fountain of 
Hippocrene (Jons caballinus; Pers. pr. 1.) 
sprang from the stroke of his hoof. In this 
case Thebes, on the Ismenus, would be 
the Stoic's birth-place. BRJ. R. Superas 
delapsa per auras Pallas adest ; Ov. M. 
iii. 101 9q. 

Penna is the name for ' a feather' in 
general, and includes pinnce ' quills,' 
' pinion feathers,' and plumce ' soft downy 
plumage.' LU. 

Caballus « a hack,' G. properly, ' a 
packhorse,' but used for ' a horse' gene- 
rally, x. 60. R. Even the steed does 
not escape from the antipathy felt by our 
author to all that was Grecian. CAS. 

119. Cf. 21 sq. R. 

120. Protogenes was a heartless in- 
former under Caligula. M. Dio lix. R. 

Diphilus a minion of Domitian. M. 
Of Erimarchus nothing is known. All 
three names may be fictitious. ST. 

122. Habere 1 to possess one's affec- 
tions;' Virg. E. i. 31. iii. 107. Cic. ad 
Div. ix. 16. R. 

Facilis auris ; v. 107. R. 
Instillare auriculis; Hot. I Ep. viii. 
16. cf. Ov. Her. iii. 23. R. 

123. It is possible that Erimarchus 
might have been an African. Tollite 
Massxflasfraudes: removete bilingues insi- 
dias et verba soli spirantia virus; 
Claud. B. G. 284 sq. R. This meta- 
phor is illustrated by the following pas- 



sage ; " Upon my secure hour thy uncle 
stole, With juice of cursed hebenon in a 
vial, And in the porches of mine ears 
did pour The leperous distilment j" Shak- 
speare Ham. I. v. 

124. Limine cf. i. 96. R. 

125. The loss is so soon supplied. PR. 
jactura is properly * the throwing of goods 
overboard in a storm.' M. de illis potis- 
simum jactura Jit , quia pretii minimi sunt \ 
Sail. Or. ii. ad Caps. m. jactura servuli 
vilis; Cic. Off. iii. 23. 

126. Cf. i. 95 sqq. 100 sqq. officium ; 
ii. 132. R. 

Ne nobis blandiar ' to tell the truth.' R. 

127. Cum tu, laurigeris annum quifas- 
cibus intras, mane salutator limina mille 
teras ; hie ego quid faciam 1 quid nobis, 
Paulle, relinquis, qui de plebe Numce, den- 
saque turba sumus? quidj'uciet pauper, 
cui non licet esse clienti ? dimisit nostras 
purpura vestra togas; Mart. X.x. G. 
Mane vel a media node togatus eroy 
Mart. X.lxxxii. 2. LU. i. 127 sqq. exigis 
a nobis operam sine Jin e togatam; Mart. 
III. xlvi. 1. PR. II. xviii. III. vii. 
xxxvi. IV. viii. X. lxxiv. ' The poor 
client' here may be a retainer of the 
praetor. R. 

128. Cf. i. 101. PR. The praetor had 
six lictors, the consul twelve. LI. These 
lictors, on ordinary occasions, marched at 
a slow pace. M. 

129. Orbce ' widows without children,' 
viz. Albina and Modia ; vigilantes ' up 
and dressed.' LU. " The childless ma- 
trons are long since awake." D. Or ' the 
orphans having been waiting in vain for 
the praetor to appoint their guardian.' 
VS. 



SAT. III. 



OF JUVENAL. 



53 



130 Ne prior Albinam et Modiam collega salutet? 
Divitis hie servi claudit latus ingenuorum 
Films: alter enim, quantum in legione Tribuni 
Accipiunt, donat Calvinae vel Catienoe, 
Ut semel atque iterum super illam palpitet: at tu, 

135 Quum tibi vestiti facies scorti placet, haeres 
Et dubitas alta Chionen deducere sella. 
Da testem Romae tarn sanctum, quam fuit hospes 
Numinis Idaei : procedat vel Numa vel qui 
Servavit trepidam flagranti ex aede Minervam : 



130. 1 Should be before-hand in pay- 
ing his respects;' which, being the greater 
compliment and the greater proof of 
friendship, LU. would be likely to sup- 
plant less attentive rivals in the wills of 
these rich dowagers, cf. i. 117. PR. The 
two praEtors here meant are probably the 
Urbanus who judged causes between 
citizens, and the Peregrinus who was the 
judge in causes between foreigners. M. 

131. Hie ' at Rome;' 160. 180. 232. 
Clandere latus is ' to walk on the left side 
of a person and give him the wall.' FE. 
Hor. II S. v. 18. PR. cf. Mart. II. xlvi. 
8. VI. lxviii. 4. R. [Livy xxiv, 5, 9. ED.] 

132. * The pay of a military tribune,' 
forty-eight pieces of gold, put for an 
indefinitely large sum. The foot-soldier 
received twelve pieces, the centurion 
double, the horse-soldier treble, and the 
tribune quadruple. LI. GRO. The Ro- 
man army first received pay A. U. 347. 
Liv. iv. PR. 

133. Junia Culvina and Catiena were 
celebrated courtezans. The former is 
mentioned, Suet. Vesp. GR. Tac. A. 
xii. 4. 8. (LI.) R. 

134. ' To enjoy her once or twice : 
whereas tliou,' i. e. Juvenal. M. 

135. ' Well dressed.' BRI. Or ' clad 
in the toga;' see i. 96. ii. 70. -FE. Or 
' ordinary,' and therefore ' thoroughly 
dressed' as having no beauty to show. cf. 
Hor. I S. ii. 83 sqq. Mart. III. iii. PR. 

Haver e ' to hesitate.' VS. 

136. These females used to sit in * high 
chairs' in order to be seen the better by 
those who were looking after them. cf. 
Sen. Ben. i. 9. Plaut. Pcen. I. ii. 54 sqq. 
Hor. I S. ii. 101 sqq. Hence are derived 
the terms sellarius, sellularius, sellariola 
popiiia and sellaria; Tac. A. vi. 1. Mart. 
V. Ixxi. 3. Suet. Tib. 43. VS. FE. 



Chione was another well-known cour- 
tezan. Mart. I. xxxv. xxxvi. xciii. III. 
xxx. xxxiv. Ixxxiii. lxxxvii. xcvii. XI. 
lxi. &c. PR. M. R. 

137. Da ' produce' was a forensic term. 

R. 

The Sibylline books being consulted 
(A. U. 548.) for the proper expiation 
of many alarming prodigies, it was found 
that the evils might be averted by bring- 
ing Cybele from Phrygia. The five 
deputies who were sent to fetch this pro- 
tectress (a rude and shapeless stone) from 
Pessinus, were directed by the oracle to 
place her at their return in the hands of 
the most virtuous man in the common- 
wealth, till her temple should be pre- 
pared. The senate unanimously de- 
clared P. Corn. Scipio Nasica to be the 
man ; and with him the goddess was 
lodged. G. VS. Liv. xxix. 10. PR. and 
14. xxxv. 10. Plin. vii. 34. Thus the 
ark was received into the houses of Abi- 
nadab and Obed-Edom ; 1 Sam. vii. 1. 
2 Sam. vi. 10 sqq. R. 

138. Cybele is called Idcea parens; 
Vug. M. x. 252 sqq. Ov. F. iv. 182. LU. 
This Ida was in Phrygia, there was an- 
other in Crete, ibid. 207. PR. 

Numa Pompilius,second king of Rome, 
the chief founder of their religion. FA. 12. 
Liv. i. 18. PR. 

139. L. Caecilius Metellus, chief pon- 
tiff, (who had been consul twice, dicta* 
tor, &c.) ' saved the palladium from the 
temple of Vesta when in flames,' but lost 
his eye-sight in consequence. VS. vi. 265. 
R. The people conferred on him the 
singular privilege of riding to the senate- 
house in a chariot. Plin. vii. 43. PR. 

The epithet trepida is here applied to 
Minerva: which would more properly 
belong to the Romans; heu quantum 



54 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. III. 



140 Protenus ad censum, (de moribus ultima fiet 

Qusestio,) " Quot pascit servos ? Quot possidet agri 
Jugera ? Quam multa magnaque paropside ccenat ?" 
Quantum quisque sua numorum servat in area, 
Tantum habet et fidei. Jures licet et Samothracum 

145 Et nostratum aras ; contemnere fulmina pauper 
Creditur atque Deos, Dis ignoscentibus ipsis. 
Quid, quod materiam praebet causasque jocorum 
Omnibus hie idem, si fceda et scissa lacerna, 
Si toga sordidula est et rupta calceus alter 

150 Pelle patet; vel si consuto vulnere crassum 
Atque recens linum ostendit non una cicatrix ? 
Nil habet infelix paupertas durius in se, 



timuere patres, quo tempore Vesta arsit ! 
attonitce Jiebant demisso crine ministrce : 
abstulerat vires corporis ipse timor. (Ves- 
tales Metelkis) dubitare videbat et pavidas 
posito procubuisse genu ; Ov. F. vi. 437. 
&c. G. 

140. Qucerenda pecunia primum est, 
virtus post numos ; Hor. I Ep. i. 53 sq. 
R. Thus they quite reversed the order of 
things, for sit omne judicium, non quam 
locuples, sed qualis quisque sit ; Cic. Off. 
ii. 20. GR. 

141. A person's fortune is estimated 
by the establishment ' he keeps.' LU. 
vii. 76. 93. ix. 67. 136. xii. 28. R. 

142. Jugerum was as much land as 
could be ploughed in a day by one yoke 
of oxen. LU. 

Hctgo^is * a dish.' T. ' What sort of 
table he keeps.' PR. 

143. Quia tanti, quantum habeas, sis; 
Hor. I S. i. 62. in pretio pretium nunc 
est, dat census honores, census amicitias, 
pauper ubique jacet ; Ov. F. i. 217 sq. 
LU. aurum atque ambitio specimen virtu- 
tis utrique est, tantum habeas, tantum ipse 
sies, tantique habearis ; Lucil. VS. " Men's 
honesties," says Barnaby Rich, " are 
now measured by the Subsidie Book ; he 
that is rich is honest j and the more a 
man doth abounde in wealth, so much he 
doth exceed, and that as well in houestie 
as in wit ;" Irish Hubbub. G. 

144. The Thracian Samos at the north 
of the iEgean is now called ' Samandra- 
chi.' The Roman penates came origi- 
nally from this island. Macrobius iii. 
4. says, ' the Samothracian gods' (called 
Cabiri) were Jupiter, Juno, Vesta, and 



Minerva. LU. Virg. M. iii. 12. PR. see 
Cumberland, Orig. app. de Cabb. G. 

145. " To swear by the altars,' i. e. 
' laying your hands on the altars, and 
swearing by the deities to whom the altars 
were consecrated.' GR. Hor. II Ep. i. 
16. M. xiv. 219. Tib. IV. xiii. 15. Sil. 
viii. 105. R. St Matthew xxiii. 18 sqq. 

' To despise,' as if the poor were be- 
neath the notice of the gods. BA. cf. 
Hor. II Od.x. 11 sq. Or as if the deities 
would forgive perjury, when it originated 
in necessity and not in wilfulness. VS. 

146. The sentiment in these lines 
seems borrowed from a Greek comedy ; 
Tgoffttrriv ccgec xcti tco wivyit kfuma.' xccv 
(ro<pb{ bva.^in, xoiv "k'tyn to ffufttpigov , c^oxtt 
ti <Pgcc<ruv to7$ ccxovovtriv xuxug , tuv yc\(> 
irivfiTuv Viotiv ovx %x, u %-o'yoi' CCViJ^ 
wXoutcZv, xccv ccyuv •^tvbnyo^n o*oxs7 Tt 
<P(>cco-uv to7s ccxovovtr u,o-<pa\'t$' Phi!, fr. G. 

147. See 86. " Men of all sorts take 
a pride to gird at him ;" as FalstafF says ; 
K. H. iv. pt. ii. A. I. sc. ii. 

148. Hie idem pauper. LU. cf. Theoph. 
Ch. xix. 3. Sen. Ep. 93. Suet. Aug. 73. 
R. 

Lacerna ; i. 62. PR. 

149. ' Somewhat shabby and soiled.' 
PR. Cf. Hor. I S. iii. 31 sq. Mart. I. civ. 
5 sq. R. 

Calceus; vii. 192. R. 

150. Vulnus' a rent;' V. Flac.i.480. R. 

151. Cicatrix ' a seam.' LU. 

152. Paupertas fecit, ut ridieulusforem; 
Plaut. Stich. I. iii. 20 &c. huic quantum 
adjiciunt stullitiam,negligentiam,somnium , 
et gulam ; Id. Quer. magnum pauperies op- 
probrium jubet quidvisfacere et pati ; Hor. 



SAT. III. 



OF JUVENAL. 



55 



Quam quod ridiculos homines facit. " Exeat," inquit, 

" Si pudor est, et de pulvino surgat equestri, 
155 Cujus res legi non sufficit et sedeant hie" — 

Lenonum pueri quocumque in fornice nati. 

Hie plaudat nitidi prseconis Alius inter 
* Pinnirapi cultos juvenes juvenesque lanistae. 

Sic libitum vano, qui nos distinxit, Othoni. 
160 Quis gener hie placuit censu minor atque puellse 

Sarcinulis impar ? Quis pauper scribitur heres ? 

Quando in consilio est iEdilibus ? Agmine facto 

Debuerant olim tenues migrasse Quirites. 

Haud facile emergunt, quorum virtutibus obstat 



III Od. xxiv. 42 sq. LU. xi. 2 sq. v. 157 

Sq. OVX SffTi TlVtOii OvTiV O.$\l&ITlQ0V iV TOO $160 

iTVfji.'XTu^.a x&u yu(> ccv <p6ff$j ffftovbciiot ys, 
v'tvti; xuTxyiXui 'iffy Crat. in Stob. 
See the Comm. on St Matthew v. 3. R. 

153. Quid turpius quam illudil Cic. 
Am. PR. 

They used to sit promiscuously in the 
theatres, till L. Roscius Otho, the tri- 
bune, introduced a law, (A. U. 685.) 
by which the fourteen rows with cushions, 
next to the senators' seats, were reserved 
for knights exclusively. The elder Afri- 
canus had obtained the like privilege for 
the senators, about 130 years before. 
Both these regulations were extremely 
unpopular ; and the distinction was grow- 
ing obsolete, when Domitian revived it, 
and appointed overseers of the theatres to 
enforce it. Suet. Dom. 8. Lectius, one 
of these functionaries, was very officious; 
perhaps he may be the speaker here. (x. 
291. R.) cf. Mart. V. viii. xxv. LU. 
PR. G. xxvii. [Her. i, 54 n. 84. ED.] 

154. « Any respect for the prince or 
the Roscian law.' PR. cf. xiv. 323 
sqq. R. 

155. Cf. i. 106. 

Et sedeant hie — the theatre-keeper's 
speech is taken up by Umbritius and 
continued with indignant irony. LU. 

156. ' Men of the vilest origin or cha- 
racter take the equestrian seats, if they 
have but the requisite income, no matter 
how it may have been acquired.' Hor. 
Ep. iv. 15 sq. PR. M. 

Fornix ' a vaulted cellar, a low bro- 
thel ;' xi. 171. Hor. I S. ii. 30. R. 

157. Not only was applause given to 
the performers ; but the emperors and 
men of popularity were received with 



plaudits on their entrance. Hor. I Od. 
xx. 3 sq. LU. R. 

Plaudat implies spectet. PR. 

Nitidus and cultus ' sleek, spruce, 
smart,' the consequence of opulence. 
M. R. 

158. The Samnite gladiator wore a 
crest of peacock's feathers, his adversary 
the retiarius endeavoured to throw his net 
over the plume. T. LI. Cum septem in- 
columis pinnis redit ac recipit se ; Lucil. 
VS. cf. ii. 143. PR. 

Lanisia was ' the fencing-master' who 
taught the gladiators laniare ' to mangle' 
each other. PR. 

159. ' Such was the whim and caprice.' 
M. 

160. ' Of less fortune than the bride.' 
Themistocles showed more sense, saying 
that he preferred, for his daughter, a man 
without money to money without a man. 
Plut. LU. 

161. * To the dowry;' VS. rather ' le 
trousseau,' ACH. ' the wardrobe or outfit 
of the bride.' 

Quisl nemo. LU. 160. 208. &c. [Livy 
xxiv, 26, 3. ED.] 

162. Curia pauperibus clausa est, dat 
census honores ; Ov. Am. III. viii. 55. 
( Even the lowest magistrates would never 
think of consulting them.' T. The ediles 
were of two sorts, curule and plebeian. 
PR. cf. AD. 

Agmine facto; Virg. G. iv. 167. JE. i. 
86. M. cf. x. 218. R. 

163. He alludes to the secession of the 
Plebeians to the Sacred Mount. Elor. i. 
23. LU. Liv. ii. 32 sq. iii. 50 sqq. PR. 

Tenues ' poor.' PR. 

164. Cf. vii. 61 sq. et genus et virtus, nisi 
cum re, vilior alga est ; Hor. II S. v. 8. M, 



56 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. ill. 



165 Res angusta domi ; sed Romse durior illis 

Conatus : magno hospitium miserabile, magno 
Servorum ventres, et frugi coenula magno. 
Fictilibus ccenare pudet, quod turpe negavit 
Translatus subito ad Marsos mensamque Sabellam 

170 Contentusque illic veneto duroque culullo. 

Pars magna Italiae est, si verum admittimus, in qua 
Nemo togam sumit, nisi mortuus. Ipsa dierum 
Festorum herboso colitur si quando theatro 
Majestas tandemque redit ad pulpita notum 

175 Exodium, quum personae pallentis hiatum 



pigra extiditarctis haud umquam sese virtus; 
Sil. xiii. 773. ad summas eme.rgere opes ; 
Lucr. ii. 13. R. fLivy xxv, 38, i. ED.] 

a^vvctrov yecg y ov prfbtov ret xotkoi T/tetrrztv 
a%ogriy?}<rov ovra ToWce. yoi(> T^a.TTtru.1 
KaSoivi^ o^yav&iv, xa) <P'iX&jv xai 

irXovrov x,a) toX4tik>}s ^vvotfjiias Arist. 
Eth. i. 8. PR. Claudian insinuates that 
things were changed for the better in his 
days ; non obruta virtus paupertate jacet : 
lectos ex omnibus oris evehis, et meritum, 
non quce cunabula, quctris ; et qualis, non 
unde satus ; Stil. ii. 121 sqq. G. 

165. ' It is difficult any where ; but 
&c.' PR. 

166. Magno understand constat pretio. 
LU. 

167. ' Servants' appetites,' i. e. ' the 
keep of servants.' VS. xiii. 162 sqq. R. 

168. Magnus ille est qui jictilibits sic 
utitur, quemadmodum argento ; nec ille 
minor est, qui argento sic utitur, quem- 
admodum fictilibus ; Sen. LU. 

Negabit; GR. EE. HO. negabis; VA. 
negarit; cf. xiv. 134. G. but no alteration 
is necessary, for theverb is put indefinitely, 

• which no one would be ashamed of.' 
LU. See notes on avrtfiti, Her. iii. 82. 
and \<p6a.^yi<rav, Her. vii. 10. 

169. Cf. xiv. 180. Frugality was not 
yet exploded in these parts of Italy. BE. 

* At Rome everything is extravagantly 
dear, and yet we dare not retrench for 
fear of being despised ; in the country we 
should have none of these prejudices to 
encounter ; we might be poor without 
becoming the objects of scorn, and frugal 
without being thought ridiculous.' G. 

170. Veneto ' of common blue ware.' 
culullo ' a bowl or great handled cup,' 
properly ' of earthen ware.' Schol. on 
Hor. I Od. xxxi. 11. A. P. 434. Vene- 



tum latum \ Mart. III. lxxiv. 4.cf. VIII. 
vi. 2. XIV. cviii. 2. Tib. I. i. 40. R. 

172. The toga was the dress of cere- 
mony, worn by the poor, v/hen they paid 
their respects to the rich : it was also the 
dress of business. In the country the 
tunic was the usual dress, which was less 
cumbersome, 179. Martial says of Spain 
ignota est toga; XII. xviii. 17. cf. IV. 
lxvi. 3. X. xl vii. '5. Ii. 6. Pliny of his 
villa, ibi nulla necessitas togce ; Ep. ix. 
1. vii. 3. both of them regarding this 
circumstance as a comfort. But the 
Romans always dressed the remains of 
their deceased friends with the most 
punctilious care. Mart. IX. lviii. 8. G. 
LI. PR. 

173. It was many ages before the 
Romans could boast of a permanent 
theatre ; the first was built by Pompey, 
of hewn stone : Tac. A. xiv. 20. The 
temporary country theatres were con- 
structed of turf. LU. Virg. M. v. 286 
sqq. M. in gradibus sedit popnlus de cespite 
factis; Ov. A. A.i. 107 &c. R. Prop. 
IV. i. 15. Our word scene is derived 
from ffxnvb ' a shady bower.' PR. 

174. ' The solemnity.' LU. 
Tandem ' at the expiration of the year.' 

or * at the conclusion of the serious play.' 
Redit for rediit has its last syllable long. 
Pulpita ' the stage.' viii. 195. EE. LU. 
xiv. 257. R. Notum; in Rome some 
no ve lty was produced. PR. 

175. « The farce' acted after the tra- 
gedy, to dispel melancholy impressions. T. 
vi. 71. PR. The tUoha were performed 
at the beginning, and the '{ftfioka ' inter- 
ludes' in the middle of the drama, prin- 
cipio exitus dignus exodiumque sequetur ; 
Lucil. VS. Liv. vii. 2. R. 

' The masks' were painted ' of a 



SAT. III. 



OF JUVENAL. 



57 



In gremio matris formidat rusticus infans ; 
iEquales habitus illic similesque videbis 
Orchestram et populum : clari velamen honoris, 
Sufficiunt tunica? summis iEdilibus albse. 

180 Hie ultra vires habitus nitor: hie aliquid plus, 
Quam satis est, interdum aliena sumitur area. 
Commune id vitium est. Hie vivimus ambitiosa 
Paupertate omnes. Quid te moror? Omnia Romse 
Cum pretio. Quid das, ut Cossum aliquando salutes ? 

185 Ut te respiciat clauso Veiento labello? 

Ille metit barbam, crinem hie deponit amati. 



ghastly colour' and had ' wide mouths' 
to allow free scope to the voice of the 

actor. FA. LU. ffrofjt.ee. %&%vivos vdfA- 
fAtycc &>s zu.<Tct<7riB(Aivos rovs harus' Luc. 
jr. 27. cf. Hor. A. P. 277. Plaut. 
Rud. II. vi. 51. R. 

176. That women used to carry chil- 
dren to the theatre appears from the fol- 
lowing passage ; nutrices pueros infantes, 
minutulos domi ut procurent, neve specta- 
tum afferant, ne et ipsce sitiant, et pueri 
periteut fame ; neve esurientes hie quasi 
hadi obva giant; Plaut. Pcen. pr. PR. 

177. Illic ' in country towns.' 

178. ' The orchestra' was the space 
next the stage, where the senators were 
accommodated with chairs; vii. 47. The 
rustic theatre had no such orchestra ; the 
word here denotes the place next the 
performers, where the most consequential 
country-gentlemen sat. FE. PR. G. 

179. ' For the very highest personages, 
the ediles, it is distinction enough to 
wear a white tunic;' LU. FE. which 
would have been no distinction at Home. 
Mart. IV. ii. PR. 

180. ' Beyond their means.' BRI. 
vii. 138. R. 

181. ' And this extravagance is at the 
expense of others;' vi. 351 sqq. by either 
hiring, borrowing, or pilfering. LU. 

182. ii. 46. LU. 

1 Ambitious of living beyond our in- 
come,' in order to be thought richer than 
we really are. LU. vi. 352. (vii. 50.) 
Theoph. Ch. xxi. R. 

183. 'Why should I detain you?' 
whence the form of adjourning the se- 
nate " Nil vos moror, Patres Conscripti ;" 
LU. Ne te mover, audi quo rem deducam ; 
Hor. I S. i. 14 sq. M. 



' You pay dearly for every thing at 
Rome;' cf. 166 sq. LU. 

184. ' What does it not cost you to 
bribe the domestics of Cossus to admit 
you to his morning levee?' LU. Dif- 
Jiciles aditus primes kabet. " Hand mihi 
deero : muneribus servos corrumpam: non, 
hodie si exclusus fuero, desistam ;" fyr. 
Hor. T S. ix. 56 ?qq PR. v-ro 6vou£u 

XUKUi ffV^t^OVTi HCU OVOp.UX.'k'ATOQl Aifiuzw 
TOiT'TO/U.SvoV XCtl fAt<r0OV TiXoUVTCt TYli (jt.\'Ap'/li 

too ovofiuroi' Lucian ?r. t. I??} (xiffSai 
ffvuovruv. R. We may suppose Aurelius 
Cossus to have been a wealthy nobleman 
of the day. M. 

185. Fabricius Veiento: iv. 113. vi. 
82 sqq. T. Tac. xiv. 50. Pl'in. Ep. iv. 22. 
PR. Mart. X. x. 5. Suet. Ner. 37. 
Seneca de Br. Vit. 2. R. 

Clauso labello ' without once deigning 
to open his lips.' PR. 

186. The wealthier Romans, on ar- 
riving at manhood, dedicated the first 
shavings of their beard and pollings of 
their hair to some deity : many to the 
Pythian Apollo, others to iEsculapius, 
others to the river gods of their country : 
Mart. I. xxxii. IX. xvii. xviii. Nero 
enclosed his in a golden pix adorned 
with pearls, and offered it with great 
state to Capitoline Jove. Suet. 12. Dio. 
The day of dedication was kept as a fes- 
tival, and complimentary presents were 
expected from friends and clients, as on 
birthdays. Here the poor client has to 
pay the same compliment to the patron's 
minions, in order to gain the ear of their 
lord. Ille and hie are two patrons. LU. 
FA. PR. G. See Horn. II. V 141 sqq. 
and Schol. on Pind. P. iv. 145. 

Metit ' has it shaved ;' deponit ' has it 



58 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. III. 



Plena domus libis venalibus. Accipe et istud 
Fermentum tibi habe : prsestare tributa clientes 
Cogimur et cultis augere peculia servis. 

190 Quis timet aut timuit gelida Praeneste ruinam 
Aut positis nemorosa inter juga Volsiniis aut 
Simplicibus Gabiis aut proni Tiburis arce ? 
Nos urbem colimus tenui tibicine fultam 
Magna parte sui. Nam sic labentibus obstat 

195 Villicus et, veteris rimae quum texit hiatum, 
Securos pendente jubet dormire ruina. 
Vivendum est illic, ubi nulla incendia, nulli 
Nocte metus. Jam poscit aquam, jam frivola transfert 
Ucalegon ; tabulata tibi jam tertia fumant : 



cut.' HK. ACH. cf. 116. The hardship, 
however, would be aggravated if we 
read amatus, implying that there was 
more than one favourite to be courted in 
each great man's house. R. 

187. The Ubum was a kind of ginger- 
bread, made of flour, honey, and oil. PR. 
or, according to Athenaeus, tXukov; \k 
yu.~Kax.T0i irglwv Tt zx) fi'iXiro;' lii.brj. R. 

These * cakes' were sent in such quan- 
tities as ' to be sold.' PR. 

188. 'Take this if you can digest it, 
and let the leaven work within your 
spleen.' VS. LU. M. cf. i. 45. Pers. i. 
24. Plaut. Merc. V. iii. 3. Cas. II. v. 
17. Aul. III. iv. 9. 7?. 

186. Cultis i.e. amalis, 186. R. cf. 
158. It may also mean ' respectfully 
courted :' M. ' pampered menials.' 

Peculia ' the vails or perquisites.' M. 
' That property of a servant or child, 
over which the master or parent had no 
power.' LU. 

190. Prcetteste, being here feminine, 
comes from the nominative Prcenestis, 
GR-E. a town of Latium, now ' Pales- 
trina.' It was « cool' from its waters, as 
well as from its situation on a hill : PR. 

frigidum Pvceneste; Hor. Ill Od. iv. 22. 
R. altum ; Virg. JE. vii. 682. M. 
Ruinam ; cf. 7 sq. 

191. Now « Bolsena,' a city of Tus- 
cany. PR. 

192. Gabii,a. town of Latium between 
Home and Prameste. R. • Simple,' from 
being a dupe to the artifices of Sextus 
Tarquinius. Flor. i. 7. LU. Liv. i. 53 
sq. PR. or ' unadorned' VS. cf. simplex 
munditiis ; Hor. 1 Od. v. 5. 



Tibur, now « Tivoli,' on the Anio; a 
town of Latium, built on a steep ac- 
clivity : hence called supinum; Hor. Ill 
Od. iv. 23. VS. PR. M. 

An denotes (1) « a height,' (2) * a 
citadel,' (3) ' a city' in general. R. 

193. Tibicen ' a prop or shore.' LU. 

195. ' The steward,' M. or ' the city 
surveyor ;' cf. iv. 77. FE. or ' the land- 
lord,' or ' the edile;' R. or ' the village 
mason.' ACH. 

' After closing the crack in the walls 
with a little plaster.' VS. 

196. ' Without apprehension;' though 
not tutos ' secured from danger;' tut a 
scelera esse po»sunt, secura non possunt ; 
Sen. ep. 97. 

Pendente ' impending.' FE. 

197. Illic ' in the country.' cf. 190. 
223 sq. R. 

198. The repetition of the word jam 
three times, denotes the progress of the 
fire. 

' Having saved his valuables in the 
first instance, he is now moving his lum- 
ber, without ever thinking of giving the 
alarm to his poor lodgers.' R. 

199. The name of Ucalegon is intro- 
duced from Virgil's description of Troy 
in flames : jam Deiphobi dedit ampla 
ru ina m, Vulcano superante, domus; jam 
proaimus ardet Ucalegon; JE. ii. 
310 sqq. VS. 

* The third floor which you occupy.' 
The rich used to let the upper rooms of 
their houses to poorer people : catnacula ; 
x. 18. sculis habito tribus, sed altis; Mart. 
I. cxviii. 7. LU. cf. vii. 118. Hor. I Ep. 
i.91. Plaut.Amph.III.i.3. Suet.Vit.7. R. 



SAT. III. 



OF JUVENAL. 



59 



200 Tu nescis. Nam si gradibus trepidatur ab imis, 
Ultimus ardebit, quern tegula sola tuetur 
A pluvia, molles ubi reddunt ova columbae. 
Lectus erat Codro Procula minor, urceoli sex, 
Ornamentum abaci, nec non et parvulus infra 

205 Cantharus et recubans sub eodem marmore Chiron, 
Jamque vetus Grsecos servabat cista libellos 
Et divina Opici rodebant carmina mures. 
Nil habuit Codrtis : quis enim negat ? et tamen illud 
Perdidit infelix totum nihil : ultimus autem 

210 iErumnae cumulus, quod nudum et frusta rogantem 
Nemo cibo, nemo hospitio tectoque juvabit. 
Si magna Asturii cecidit domus : horrida mater, 
Pullati proceres, differt vadimonia Praetor. 



200. 1 You are sound asleep, and un- 
conscious of your danger.' M. 

' If the bustle and alarm (i.e. the fire) 
besin at the bottom of the stairs;' zara- 
fcaSnv ' down stairs,' Arist. Ach. 3b6. as 
opposed to kva.^abnt in the garret ;' Ibid. 
385. 374. Pi. 1123. 

201. ■ He will be burnt, though last of 
all.' LU. 

Tegula * the tiling.' 

202. The roof was used as a dove-cote. 
VS. Perhaps there is an allusion to the 



omov from 



V7Tl(> 



GR. 
enough 



for his better 



etymology of £s 
' an ego .' R. 

203. Cf. i. 2. 

* Not large 
half.' 

Lectus minor, urceoli, parvulus can- 
tharus, libelli, all diminutives. G. cf. 
Arist. Rh. til. ii. 6. 

* Little jugs.' Cf. Plin. xxviii. 2. 
xxxiii. 11. xxxiv. 3. xxxvii. 2. Hor. 
I S. vi. 116 sq. R. 

204. « Of Lis sideboard ;' ' of a marble 
shelf or slab.' cf. 205. R. 

205. ' A can :' gratis attrita pendebat 
cantharus ansa ; Virg. E. vi. 17. PR. 

' A reclining figure of the centaur 
Chiron, made of the same marble, sup- 
ported the slab.' The rich used more 
costly materials than marble: xi. 122 sqq. 
FE. R. Codrus is the more to be pitied, 
as he was evidently an antiquarian, and 
no doubt attached a great value to every 
article in this catalogue. G. 

206. ' The few Greek books which he 



had, were now consigned to the custody 
of an old chest.' LU. 

207. Dia poemaia; Pers. i. 31. R. 
The Opici or Osci were an Ausonian 

tribe, on the banks of the Lit is, in Latium 
and Campania; who, on their admission 
among the Romans, introduced many 
barbarous innovations into the language 
and manners of that people. Dionys. H. 
i. 89. cf. vi. 455. Cell. ii. 21. xi. 16. xiii.9. 
Plin. xxix. 1. Apoll. Sidon. ep. vii. 3. 
Virg. M. vii. 730. LU. LI. M. MNS. R. 
' barbarians, goths.' 

208. ' Codrus in short had nothing. ' G. 
cf. St Matth. xiii. 12. SL, on n. 15. 
R. See note on 'i%ov<r'i n- Her. vi. 22. 

210. Cumulus, that which is over and 
above measure, being piled on when a 
measure is already brim-full, so as to 
rise in a heap above the rim of the 
vessel. In french, comble ; M. " ce qui 
reste enfaite au-dessus des bords d'une 
mesure, apres que le mesureur I'a remplie :" 
Nodier et Verger. 

Frusta ' broken victuals.' M". 

212. ' Each matron puts on weeds.' In 
a public mourning for any signal calamity, 
' the ladies laid aside their ornaments, the 
senate put on black, and the courts of 
j ustice postponed all business.' [Livy xxvi, 
29, 3. ED.] The rapid degeneracy of 
manners under the emperors renders it 
probable that there is no very great ex- 
aggeration in this description. G. PR. 

213. This postponement was called 
justitium. LU. 



60 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. III. 



Tunc gemimus casus Urbis, tunc odimus ignem. 

215 Ardet adhuc, et jam occurrit, qui marmora donet, 
Conferat impensas. Hie nuda et Candida signa, 
Hie aliquid prseclarum Euphranoris et Polycleti, 
Haec Asianorum vetera ornamenta Deomm, 
Hie libros dabit et forulos mediamque Minervam, 

2*20 Hie modium argenti. Meliora ac plura reponit 
Persicus orborum lautissimus et merito- jam 
Suspectus, tamquam ipse suas incenderit sedes. 
Si potes avelli Circensibus, optima Sorse 
Aut Fabraterioe domus aut Frusinone paratur, 

225 Quanti nunc tenebras unum conducis in annum. 
Hortulus hie puteusque brevis nee reste movendus 



214. ' We lament it as a national 
calamity : we execrate the very name 
of fire.' LU. It was customaiy with 
mourners to extinguish their fires. VS. 

215. ' The fire is yet raging.' LU. 
Occurrit ' comes forward.' R. 

216. Understand pe&unias ; ' begs to 
contribute towards the rebuilding.' LJ7. 

' Of Parian marble.' PR. cf. Plin. 
xxxiv. 5 s 10. 7?. 

217. * Some master- piece of Euphranor 
the sculptor and painter, or Polycletus 
the statuary. ' L U. Quint, xii. 10. Plin. 
xxxiv. 8. PR. xxxv. 11. cf. viii. 103. R. 

218. 4 Nor will the fair sex be less at- 
tentive.' 7'. 

jhianoruni ' taken long since in some 
of the victories gained in Asia.' 11. 

219. ' Books and book-cases and a 
bust of Minerva.' LU. R. 

229. ' A bushel' used indefinitely. M. 
" The worthies of antiquity bought the 
rarest pictures with bushels of gold, 
without counting the weight or the num- 
ber of pieces D, Dufresnoy. 

' He replaces in the room of what he 
has lost by the fire.' R. 

221. Astvrius we may suppose to be 
called Persicus in consequence ot his ori- 
ental origin : cf. 72. M. or from his 
luxurious style of living; Hor. 1 Od. 
xxxviii. 1. VS. Hence the presents in 
218. MNS. He receives so much both 
* because he is childless and because he is 
very rich.' ACH. Observe the contrast 
between his fate and that of Codrus. M. 

222. Empta domus fuerat tibi, Tongi- 
liane, ducenis: abstulit hanc niniium casus 
in Vrbe frequenf. Collation est dceies. 



Rogn,non potes ipsevideri incendissetuam, 
Tongiliane, domum? Mart. III. Hi. LU. 
The court paid to the rich was so notori- 
ous, that Asturius might have set his own 
house on fire, with the certainty of being 
amply indemnified. M. 

223. ' If you can tear yourself away.' 
The Romans were quite mad after the 
sports of the Circus: (papains) nunc 
duus taiitum res avxius optat, panem et 
Cir censes; x. 79 sqq. BRI. vi. 87. 
viii. 118. xi. 53. 193 sqq. xiv. 262 sqq. 
Plin. Ep. ix. 6. R. They spent the 
whole day there. Augustus (for even in 
his time the phrensy had begun to mani- 
fest itself) said with some spleen to a 
knight who was taking his meal on the 
benches, " If I wanted to dine, I would 
go home." " And so y o u might," re- 
plied the man, " for you would not be 
afraid of losing your place !" Succeeding 
emperors were more indulgent: some of 
them had regular distributions of bread 
and wine made to the different orders. G. 
See 65. Dionys. A. R. vii. fin. Eiv. vii. 2. 
Ov. F. iv. 389 sqq. A. PR. [Livy xxii, 
9, 8. ED.] 

224. These towns are now called ' Sora, 
Falvaterra, and Frusilone.' PR. Silius 
mentions these three towns together ; viii. 
396. 398. 400. R. 

225. ' You can buy a house there, for 
one year's rent of a dark hole (Mart. II. 
xiv/l2. R.) in the city.' LU. PR. nunc 
' in these dear times.' M. 

226. Hie ' in these country towns 
(LU.) there is a small garden attached 
to each house.' R. 

' Thesprings are so high that no bucket 



SAT. III. 



OF JUVENAL. 



61 



In tenues plantas facili diffunditur haustu. 
Vrve bidentis amans et culti villicus horti, 
Unde epulum possis centum dare Pythagoreis. 

230 Est aliquid, quocumque loco, quocumque recessu, 
Unius sese dominum fecisse lacertse. 

Plurimus hie aeger nioritur vigilando: sed ilium 
Languorem peperit cibus imperfectus et haerens 
Ardenti stomacho. Nam quae meritoria somnum 

235 Admittunt ? Magnis opibus dormitur in Urbe : 
Inde caput morbi. Redarum transitus arcto 
Vicorum in flexu et stands convicia mandrae 
Eripient somnum Druso vitulisque marinis. 



and rope is required ;' a great acquisition 
in a country where so much watering 
was wanted as in Italy. M. 

228. ' Devote your life to your field 
and vour garden.' 

' Of the pitch-fork' i.e. 4 of husbandry.' 
LU. bidente vides orieratos arva colentes; 
Ov. Am. I. xiii. 15. R. 

229. ' From the produce of which gar- 
den.' LU. 

The Pythagoreans abstained from meat 
(owing to their belief in the metempsy- 
chosis, R.) and observed a vegetable diet. 
LU. xv. 171 sqq. PR. 

230. Cf.i.74. est a liquid fatove siio 
jerrove cadentem in solida moriens ponere 
corpus humo; et mandare suis aliquid, 
sperare sepulcra, et non cequoreis piscibus 
esse cihum ; Ov. Tr. I. ii. 53 sqq. R. 

231. " We asked Dr. Johnson," says 
Boswell, " the meaning of that expres- 
sion in Juvenal, unius dominum lacertce. 
Johnson — I think it clear enough; it 
means as much ground as one may have 
a chance of finding a lizard upon." And 
so it does! and this, the Doctor might 
have added, is very little in Italy. G. VS. 
LU. The green lizard is very plentiful 
in the gardens of Italy. Hor. I Od. xxiii. 
7 sq. M. Plin. H. IN. viii. 39. PR. cf. 
Mart. XI. xviii. R. 

232. ' Very many an invalid dies for 
want of sleep.' otia me somnusque juvat, 
quae manna negavit Roma mihi ; Mart. 
XII. lxviii. 5 sq. LU. 

233. ' Undigested food clogging the 
feverish stomach ;' LU. ' occasioning the 
heart-burn.' M. 

234. With meritoria, cedificia may be 
understood ; ' rooms let for hire' either 



as ' workshops' VS. or as ' temporary 
lodgings.' M. If the former, the mean- 
ing will be that the incessant din of the 
artizans at work (Mart. XII. lvii. R.) 
effectually precludes sheep. LU. PR. In 
the latter case, it implies that as no one 
would take permanent lodgings in the 
noisiest parts of the city, the spare rooms in 
those quarters were let out by the night ; 
where you might get a bed, but as for 
sleep, that was quite out of the question. 

235. Dormitur impersonally, as trepi- 
datur, 200. M. 

* A person of large property may be 
able to obtain a mansion sufficiently 
spacious to have bed-chambers remote 
from the noise and bustle of the streets, 
or at any rate to overawe the neighbour- 
hood into silence.' VS. LU. PR. M. 

236. ' The rumbling of carts and car- 
riages interrupted only by the vociferations 
and mutual abuse of the drovers blocked 
up by stoppages.' LU. PR. M. cf. 
Mart. V. xxii. 

237. ' The narrow crooked streets' 
were owing to the great fire at Rome ; 
Nero endeavoured to remedy the evil by 
another fire. Liv. v. 55. Suet. Ner. 38. 
PR. Tac. A. xv. 38. 43. Fior. i. 13. Diod. 
xiv. 116. R. 

Mandra ' a pen for cattle' ' the cattle 
themselves' ' a team of horses or mules.' 
PR. The ?pnitive case of the object: 

o^yns t i& v s u t o s' Atist. Rh. II. iii. 3. 
see note on luvrou, Her. i. 129. [Livy 
xxvii, 7, 3. ED.] 

238. Ti. Claudius Drusus Caesar was 
very lethargic : Suet. Claud. 5. 8. but in 
all likelihood some well-known character 



62 THE SATIRES sah 

Si vocat officium, turba cedente vehetur 
240 Dives et ingenti curret super ora Liburno 

Atque obiter leget aut scribet vel dormiet intus ; 

Namque facit somnum clausa lectica fenestra. 

Ante tamen veniet: nobis properantibus obstat 

Unda prior: magno populus premit agmine 1 umbos, 
245 Qui sequitur. Ferit hie cubito, ferit assere duro 

Alter; at hie tignum capiti incutit, ille metretam. 

Pinguia crura luto; planta mox undique magna 

Calcor et in digito clavus mihi militis hseret. 
Nonne vides, quanto celebretur sportula fumo? 



of the day is here intended. 1 Seals' are 
also very drowsy animals. Plin. H. N. 
ix. 13. PR. LU. R. The humour in 
coupling Drusus with these sleepy creatures 
and placing the latter within ear-shot of 
the muleteers and coachmen in the heart 
of the city, is quite overlooked by the 
majority of Commentators; G. who, by 
introducing the alteration (1) sornnosurso, 
cf. Plin. H. N. viii. 36. (BRL) or (2) 
vettrtisque maritis, (Gft.F..) entirely de- 
stroy the rj^tifita tu^u. Tgooloxlt/v so com- 
mon in Aristophanes and other comic 
writers : neither is the correction vitutisve 
(JA.) necessary, notwithstanding the ab- 
surdity of que. 

239. Officium; ii. 132. 'The rich 
will move rapidly, without impediment, to 
the levees of the old and childless; while 
the poor, whose sole support probably 
depended upon their early appearance 
there, have to struggle at every step 
through dangers and difficulties.' G. 

240. ' The crowd, as they make way, 
will look up at the great man in his litter; 
so that he will be carried above theirfaces.' 
J\J. Illos humeri cervicesque servorum super 
ora nostra vehunt ; Plin. Pan. 24. PR. 
quos supra capita homiuum supraqne tur- 
bam delicatos lectica suspendit ; Sen. JR. 

The tall and sturdy natives of Liburnia, 
bordering on the north-eastern shore of 
the Adriatic, were much employed at 
Rome as chairmen, &c. LU. PR. vi. 
477. iv. 75. longorum cervice Syrorum ; 
vi.351. R. horridas Liburnus ; Mart. I. 
1. 33. BO. 

241. Obiter ' by the way' ' as he goes.' 
LU. vi. 181. R. U *U£olu' Cic. ad Att. 
v. 20. ohou va,£i£yov' 2 1 . iv 7ra(>l(>ya)' ad 
Q. F.iii. 9. PR. 



242. i. 65. R. The windows of litters 
had curtains. LU. 

243. ' He will arrive before us, without 
interruption to either his rest, his business, 
or his studies.' LU. 

' Make what haste we can.' M. 

244. « The tide of people.' PR. Virg. 
G. ii. 462. Sil. iv. 159. R. Kupu.xiocu.7or 
cf. BL, on ^Esch. Theb. 64. 

Premit; pracedeittibus instans ; Hor. I 
Ep. ii. 71. 

245. • With the hard pole of the litter.' 
vii. 132. Martial uses asser for ' the 
litter itself.' LU. 

246. ' A ten-gallon cask' |tt£T^'/5T'/i,-. GR. 

247. Understand meajiunt. R. cf. iii. 
68, note. 

He now gets jostled among a party of 
soldiers. PR. Magna (cf. xvi. 14. R.) 
' of a grenadier.' 

2 18. ' In my toe.' LU. 

The soldiers' boots were stuck full of 
large hobnails, xvi. 24 sq. LU. cf. Plin. 
ix. 18. xxii. 22. xxxiv. 19. R. 

249. 4 Is frequented.' LU. 

Here the scene shifts. The difficulties 
of the morning are overpast, and the 
streets cleared of the shoals of levee- 
hunters. New perils now arise, and the 
poor are obstructed in the prosecution of 
their evening business by the crowds of 
rich clients returning with their slaves 
from the dole of suppers at their patrons' 
houses. The ' kitchen' was a larger kind 
of chafing-dish, divided into two cells, in 
the uppermost of which, they put the 
meat, and in the lower, fire, to keep it 
warm. How often have I been re- 
minded of the sport ?< la (Ss/Vvav iv <rirv- 
T.) by the firepans and suppers of 
the Neapolitans ! As soon as it grows 



SAT. III. 



OF JUVENAL. 



63 



250 Centum convivae : sequitur sua quemque culina. 
Corbulo vix ferret tot vasa ingentia, tot res 
Impositas capiti, quas recto vertice portat 
Servulus infelix et cursu ventilat ignem. 
Scinduntur tunicaa sartae : modo longa coruscat 

255 Sarraco veniente abies atque altera piimm 

Plaustra vehunt, riutant altoe populoque minantur. 
Nam si procubuit, qui saxa Ligustica portat, 
Axis, et eversum fudit super agmina montem, 
' Quid superest de corporibus? quis membra, quis ossa 

260 Invenit ? Obtritum vulgi perit omne cadaver 
More animas. Domus interea secura patellas 



dark, the streets are filled with twinkling 
fires glancing about in every direction on 
the heads of these modern C or b u 1 o s, 
and suddenly disappearing as they enter 
their houses with their frugal meal. G. 
cf. i. 95 sq. PR. 

250. Focum ferentis suberat amphorce 
cervix ; Mart. XII. xxxii. 4. R. Tu- 
multus est coquorum, ipsos cum opsoniis 

focos transferentium : hoc enimjam luxuria 
commenta est, ne quis intepescat cibus, ne 
quid palato jam guloso (calloso?) parum 

fcrveat ; ccenam culina prosequitur ; 
Sen. Ep. 79 s 78. PR. fumus 249. and 
ignis 253. relate to this portable kitchen. 

251. Ne (Domitius) Corbulo omnium 
ova in se verteret, corpore ingens, verbis 
magnificus, et, super experientiam sapi- 
entiamque, etiam specie inanium validus; 
Tac. A. xiii. 8. A distinguished general 
in Armenia under Nero. LU. Amm. 
Marc. xv. PR. Having excited the 
tyrant's jealousy by his successes, he was 
decoyed to Cenchreae, condemned un- 
heard, and fell on his own sword. G. 

252. * With his head upright, lest the 
gravy should be spilt.' LU. 

Some mss. have quot. R. 

253. ' A poor little slave (as opposed 
to ' the gigantic Corbulo'), by whose 
rapid motion through the air the fire is 
fanned.' ~M. 

254. « The patched tunics of the poor 
get torn in the squeeze.' PR. 

Now follows an indirect attack on the 
mania of the emperors for building. An 
evil which Juvenal lived to see abated : 
for Trajan was tarn parcus in cedificando, 
q'uam diligens in tuendo. Itaque non, ut 
ante, immanium trunsvectione saxorum 



urbis tecta quaiiuntur : slant secura 
domus, nec jam templa nutanlia; Plin. 
Pan. 51. G. longo vehiculorum ordine 
pinus out abies defer ebatur vicis intre- 
meniibus ; Sen. Ep. 90. LU. Its swaying 
to and fro made it dangerous. M. cf. Hor. 
II Ep. 72 sqq. I S.vi. 42 sq. GR. There 
had been a law to prevent the nuisance of 
these loaded wagons passing and repass- 
ing after sunrise, or before four o'clock 
in the afternoon, (when the Romans 
were supposed to be at dinner,) unless it 
were for the construction or repairs of 
temples, public works, &c. Either this 
law had fallen into disuse; HB. or 
timber-carriages in the emperor's service 
would fall under the above exception. 

255. Sarraca Bootee ; v. 23. ME. 

256. Cf. Virg. JE. ii. 626 sqq. R. 

257. Immense ' blocks of Ligurian 
marble' from Luna and the neighbour- 
hood. GR. Strab. v. p. 153. Plin. 
xxxvi. 6. 18. Sil. viii. 482. Suet. Ner. 
50. R. cf. Mart. V. xxii. 

258. Axis ; the part for the whole. LU. 
' The troops of foot-passengers.' LU. 
Hyperbole. LU. rapido cursu media 

agmina rumpit : veluti montis saxum, de 
vertice prceceps cum ruit, .... fertur in 
abruptum magiw mons improbus actu 
exsultatque solo; silvas, armenta, virosque 
involvens secum ; Virg. JE. xii. 683 sqq. 
Mon tibus ('immense marble columns') 
aut alte Graiis effulta nitebant atria; 
Stat. Th. i. 145 sq. R. 

260. ' Crushed to atoms.' VS. 

261. ' Because not a particle of it is 
visible.' VS. 

Interea ' while the master (followed by 
his slave with the supper) has come to 



64 THE SATIRES sat. hi. 

Jam lavat et bucca foculum excitat et sonat unctis 

Striglibus et pleno compcmit lintea gutto. 

Hsec inter pueros varie properantur : at ille 
265 Jam sedet in ripa tetrumque novicius horret 

Porthmea nec sperat coenosi gurgitis alnum 

Infelix nec habet, quern porrigat, ore trientem. 
Respice nunc alia ac diversa pericula noctis : 

Quod spatium tectis sublimibus, unde cerebrum 
270 Testa ferit ; quoties rimosa et curta fenestris 

Vasa cadant ; quanto percussum pondere signent 

Et lcedant silicem. Possis ignavus haberi 

Et subiti casus improvidus, ad coenam si 



this untimely end, his unconscious do- 
mestics are making preparations for his 
meal and his previous bath.' LU. 

262. I pie genu positoflamvias exsuscitat 
aura; Ov. F. v. 507. It. 

' Makes a clatter.' * The scrapers' 
were of metal and were ' oiled' to prevent 
their hurting the skin. GR. 

263. For strigilibus. GR. Per?, v. 
126. PR. 

* Guttus was ' an oil flask' made of 
horn, with a narrow neck, which 
dropped the oil over the body after 
bathing. PR. LU. 

264. Pueros ' the servants." <p«<r< Tt el 
<ra.Xa.toi, <rap6'tvm i^yov tTvat to oivo-^oih, 
Krii uvh^uv vzcov, civ xa.) VTYir<iTl7v oC-.-> 

KCt) T«rBl? 1 SouXoi. KOU ■XU.tiiVXUt , 
70 TYIS 7rUI0~tKYiS tlXlXtOiS V ~'4£'- ~'A TtXOi/ 

Eustath. on Horn. 11. A p. 438. St Luke 
xii.45. SL. vi. 151. Hor. I Od. xxxviii. 1. 
G er r c oil, in French, serviteur duns un 
lieu public. Our own word knave 
originally signified ' a boy,' and after- 
wards ' a servant;' both which senses are 
now obsolete. 

Ille i.e. servulus infelix according to 
most Commentators : but see note on 
i. 62. 

265. Cf. i ; . 149 sqq. Virg. IE. vi. 
313 sqq. Prop. II. xxvii. 13 sq. R. 
' He takes a seat, (because he has a 
hundred years to wait, PR.) on the 
banks of the Styx or Acheron.' PI. 

Novicius ' by the end of the century 
he will become used to the grim ferry- 
man:' but omne ignotum pro magnified: 
Tac. trruyvoov ait no^^na- xcc/aovtcoV 
Theoc. xvii. 49. Sen. H. F. 764 sqq. 
R. 



266. Portitor horrendus terribili squa- 
love Charon ; turbidus ca'no gwges ; Virg.' 

' He has no hopes,' because he is 
unburied. R. 

Tunc a 1 7i os primum fiuvii semere 
cavatas; Virg. G. i. 136. torrentetn nu- 
dum levis innalat a hi us missa Pado ; Id. 
ii. 450 sq. U. 

267. Triens is here put for obolus. 
Luc. Dial. Moit. 9. cf. Diod. ii. 5. PR. 
Prop. IV. xi. 7. It was the fare for the 
passage, naiilum ; viii. 97. evTt rbv ofioXov 
e%uv to, •Tra^pia, x,a.ra.p>u.Xi7v Luc. Cat. 
18. R. This idle notion the Romans 
had adopted from the Greeks; though 
not a general custom, the vulgar adhered 
to it most scrupulously, and dreaded 
nothing more than being consigned to 
the grave without their farthing. G. 

268. Now follows an animated and 
faithful picture of the evils of night : 
these are nearly the same in every over- 
grown capital, which is not protected by 
a night-watch or a vigilant police. G. 

269. The higher the house the greater 
the danger. LU. quum arece complanatce 
recipere no7i possent tantum multitud'viem 
ad habitandiun in Urbe, ad auxilium 
coacti smit Tiomaui ad altitudinem cedium 
devenire; Vitr. ACIL 

270. ' The potsherd.' 31. 

Curta * mutilated, broken;' Ov. F. ii. 
645. R. 

271. ' From the force with which 
they come upon the flint pavement, you 
may judge a fortiori of the little chance 
jour head would have.' PR, 

272. « Remiss.' 

273. ' Going out in the evening is a 
service of such danger.' 



SAT. III. 



OF JUVENAL. 



65 



Intestatus eas. Adeo tot fata, quot ilia 
275 Nocte patent vigiles, te praetereunte, fenestrae. 
Ergo optes votumque feras miserabile tecum, 
Ut sint contents patulas defundere pelves. 

Ebrius ac petulans, qui nullum forte cecidit, 
Dat poenas, noctem patitur lugentis amicum 
280 Pelidae, cubat in faciem, mox deinde supinus." 
Ergo non aliter poterit dormire? " Quibusdam 
Somnum rixa facit : sed quamvis improbus annis 
Atque mero fervens, cavet hunc, quern coccina laena 
Vitari jubet et comitum longissimus ordo, 



274. 1 So clear it is that :' adeo quanto 
rerum minus, tanto minus cupiditatis erat ; 
Liv. pr. F. Quot swit corpore plums, 
tot vigiles oculi subter ; Virg. JE. iv. 
181 sq. 

275. Vigilis ' where the inmates are 
awake :' LU. as pervigiles popince ; viii. 
158. vigiles lucernes ; Hor. Ill Od. viii. 
14. R. 

276. Tu prece poscis emaci ; Pers. ii.3. 
because in a ' vow there is a sort of bar- 
gain made with the deity or party to 
whom it is addressed. GR. 

Feras tecum; Quint. Decl.iii. p. 38. R. 

277. ' You are willing to compound 
for the contents of the pots and slop- 
pails, so that the utensils themselves are 
not launched on your head.' Understand 
fenestra?. GR. 

Pelves 1 foot-pans' vo^uvfrrviois , VS. 
which were not applied to that purpose 
exclusively : M. but hsfttTv rs xu) hovosstv 
Ka.} 9rohas hctTavi^iff^x4' Her. ii. 172. 

278. A vivid picture is now presented 
of the wanton insults to which the poor 
were exposed from the midnight frolics 
of drunken bullies. Nero was one of the 
first of these disturbers of the public 
peace. Tac. xiii. 25. Suet. Ner. 26. 
Under shelter of his example private 
persons took the opportunity to annoy 
the public : every quarter was filled with 
tumult and disorder, and Rome, at 
night, resembled a city taken by storm : 
cf. Dio. Otho.Commodus, Heliogabalus, 
Verus, &c. were also addicted to the 
same brutal joke. Suet. Oth. 2. Plin. 
xiii. 22 s 43. Xiph. G. R. PR. 

* He looks upon it as a very bad night's 
sport unless he had thrashed somebody ; 
so that he cannot sleep for vexation.' 
LU. 



279. ' He passes as restless a night aa 
Achilles mourning the loss of Patroclus.' 
LU. 

280. "AXXor \<t) fXivous xuruxz/f&svos • 
uXXorz V ubrs Stttios, uXXors Ts •xgviv'AS' 
rors V ooDos Lvuarus x. r. X. Horn. 11. fl 
10 sqq. PR. Sen. de Tr. An. 2. R. 

281. Ergo &c. This seems to be a 
question on the part of Juvenal. LU. 
cf. Plaut. Amph. I. i. PR. The verse 
is probably spurious ; it might be omitted 
without prejudice to the sense. HK. 

282. This is very similar to a passage 
in the Proverbs : " Enter not into the 
path of the wicked, and go not in the way 
of evil men ; for they sleep not except 
they have done mischief ; and their sleep 
is taken away unless they cause some to 
fall;" iv. 14. 16. PR. 

Improbus ' daring:;' Virg. JE. xi. 512. 
-R. et vioi ra. e/<ri QiXovixof ufsoo^tis 
yuo \xi6u(Aii yi morns' h £2 vixn vvrsooxn 
rts. xu) iviXTtBis' uo"itso yuo ol orjuju.svot, 
ovrca ^tudso(/,oi slfftv 01 vsot biro rq; (pvcrsas. 
xu) uv^ost'orioot dupullsis yuo xu) svsXTt^ss' 
wv to (Jtiv fzh QofhiTedut . to Tz 6uppz7v, <rotz7' 
ours yuo ooytty'ftsvos ovbiis tyofiitruf to rs 
iXvrl^siv uyutiov rt, duppuXzov la-rt. xut roc 
ctbtxn^uru aStxoucriv its ufiotv' Arist. Rh. 
II. xiv. 2. 

283. ' He has just sense enough left, 
to steer clear of the scarlet cloak which 
marks the rich nobleman.' LU. vii. 135 sq. 
vi. 246. %Xu7vu, hyacinthina laena: Pers. 
i. 32. Tyrioque ardebat murice Icena ; 
Virg. JE. iv. 262. VS. R. From the cloak 
being worn, we may infer that these 
outrages were more common in the long 
winter nights. HK. 

284. Comitum ; i. 46, note. QtXo-ro'veos 
t<rz<r(!ut, (tuXXov Yiyilffdut, vtfo ruv 
oixzrav ffotcodovfAivov xu) tlaxto rtvu aofATYtv 



66 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. III. 



285 Multum prseterea flammarum et senea lampas 
Me, quern luna solet deducere vel breve lumen 
Candelse, cujus dispenso et tempero filum, 
Contemnit. Miserse cognosce procemia rixae, 
Si rixa est, ubi tu pulsas, ego vapulo tantum. 

290 Stat contra starique jubet ; parere necesse est. 
Nam quid agas, quum te furiosus cogat et idem 
Fortior? " Unde venis ?" exclamat; " Cujus aceto, 
Cujus conche tumes ? Quis tecum sectile porrum 
Sutor et elixi vervecis labra comedit? 

295 Nil mihi respondes ? Aut die, aut accipe calcem ! 
Ede, ubi consistas : in qua te quaero proseucha ?" 
Dicere si tentes aliquid tacitusve recedas, 
Tantumdem est ; feriunt pariter : vadimonia deinde 



uvctTrXn^ovvTW Luc. <r. r. s. (turd, crvvovr. 
10. ft. 

285. • Flambeaux and a bronze can- 
delabrum.' LU. These were the ex- 
clusive insignia of the rich : the latter 
was carried before tribunes ; Plin. xxxiv. 
2. PR. Cic. Ver. IV. 26. R. In Guern- 
sey, persons of the first class in society 
are distinguished at night by having two 
candles carried in their lanterns ; whereas 
others have but one. 

28G. ' To escort on my way.' 

287. His trimming and parting the 
wick, to prevent his rushlight's going out 
or burning too fast, VS. would probably 
hasten the catastrophe he was so anxious 
to avoid : BRI. as frangere dum metuis, 
frangis crystalline! ; peccant securce nimium 
sollicilaqxie marnis ; Mart. XIV. cxi. 
[Livy xxvii, 50, 3. ED.] 

288. ' The prelude of the frav.' LU. 
of. v. 26 sqq. xv. 51 sqq. rov xuxus Xiyuv 
yu.(> ylvsr . av V ti-xr.S cItuV, thUus 
uvTYixowrct? v^y> Xo^o^uaScti XsiTerat. ura. 
vvTrardcti ^'i^uxTott xut vrugoiviTv. ravrec 
ya.(> xa.ro, Qvffiv vr'ityvxiv ovrai, xa.) <ri 
f&ctvriiii; i'Su ; Alex, in Ath. x. 5. -R. 

289. ' Where the beating is all on one 
side.' M. Ego vapulando, ille verberando, 
usque umbo defessi sumus ; Ter. Ad. II. ii. 
5. VS. 

291 . "AQaav 5' otry IdiXoi rtfis xgzifftrovas 

aiff^stri* aXyia. 7ru<r%W Hes. O. D. 210 
sq. ACH. 

292. These insolent questions are put, 
in hopes to pick a quarrel. PR. jurgii 
causam intulit: Pheed. I. i. 4. 



Acetum ' sour wine.' PR. see SL, on 

293. ' Beans boiled in the shell :' a 
common dish among the poorer people, 
which was very filling. Mart. V. xxxix. 
10. VII. lxxviii. 2. XIII. vii. PR. xiv. 
131. viflantes corpora j fabce ; Ov. F. Med. 
70. R. 

There were two kinds of leek, sectile 
and capitatum : Plin. xx. 6. GR. BRI. of 
which the former was the coarser sort. 
PR. cf. xiv. 133. M. 

294. Sutor is used forany low fellow; as 
cerdo, iv. 153. viii. 182. ft. Mart. III. lix. 

Sheep's heads were among the parts 
given away to the poor, LU. at the Sa- 
turnalia and other festivals. F. Mart. 
XIV. ccxi. PR. 

295. • Speak or be kicked.' G. ea-nv 
vfigis ro (h\a,vr<rnv xcci \vrt7v itp" oi{ ciltr%vv7i 
itrri <ru> iru.owt<ri, ftb 'i'va n ytvnreti uvtu 
ctWon on iy'iviro, ukX' oirus ho-On' Arist. 
Rh. II. ii. 3. 

296. 1 Tell me where you take up your 
stand :' implying that he was one of the 
fraternity of regular beggars. M. consis- 
tere Plaut. Cure. IV. i. ft. vrgoffsv%ui 
were Jewish oratories or houses of prayer; 
VS. which were usually built without the 
walls of a town by the river or sea side. 
SL. See notes on 13 sqq. iv. 117. This 
is an insinuation that the poor man was 
not only a beggar, but (what was worse) 
a vagabond Jew. MNS. 

297. Si for sive. LU. 

298. ' "Tis all one.' M. pariter * just 
the same ; whether you speak or no.' ft. 
see note on opolas' Her. vii. 120. 



6 



sat. in. OF JUVENAL. 67 

Irati faciunt. Libertas pauperis haec est : 
300 Pulsatus rogat et pugnis concisus adorat, 
Ut liceat paucis cum dentibus inde reverti. 

Nec tamen haec tantum metuas : nam, qui spoliet te, 

INon deerit, clausis domibus postquam omnis ubique 
^ Fixa catenatae siluit x compago tabernae. jee**** 
305 Interdum et ferro subitus grassator agit rem, 
Armato quoties tutae custode tenentur 
Et Pomtina palus et Gallinaria pinus. 
Sic inde hue omnes, tamquam ad vivaria, currunt. 
Qua fornace graves, qua non incude catenae? 
310 Maximus in vinclis ferri modus, ut timeas, ne 



' Then they pretend to be the party 
aggrieved, and insist on your finding bail 
for the assault.' LU. 

299. ' Counterfeiting a violent pas- 
sion/ M. 'itTTOJ h o^yn, o'gsfyg (tiro. X'jfng 
rip.uQtet$ (paivoftivns , %ia, <paivof&ivrjV oXtyu- 
g'ic&v Tcav il; uvtov v its a.lrov rivet., 
vrootmxovrws' Ar. Pvh. II. ii. 1. sic Jictis 
cuusis innocentes opprimunt; Phaed. I. i. 
15. 

' This is your boasted liberty !' M. 

300. With rogat understand veniam. 
LU. 

Adorat 1 humbly prays.' R. 

301. ' That the gentleman will be so 
good as not to knock out all his teeth.' 
PR. 

302. Now come the dangers from rob- 
bers. LU. 

303. All the houses being shut up and 
the shops closed, there is no help to be 
had. LU. [Livy xxiii, 25, 1. ED.] 

304. The shutters were fastened by a 
strong iron chain running through each 
of them. VS. Burglary was one of Nero's 
scandalous practices: tabernulas etiam ef- 
fringere et exp'dare : quintana domi consti- 
tuta, ubi partce et ad licitationem divi- 
dends prcedce pretium assumeretur ; Suet. 
26. LU. Tac. A. xiii. 25. R. 

305. ' A bandit or bravo' LU. * does 
your business.' M. cf. Suet. Aug. 32. 
43. R. 

306. When the banditti became so 
numerous in any spot, as to render tra- 
velling dangerous, it was usual to detach 
a party of military from the capital to 
scour their retreats : the inevitable con- 



sequence of which was, that they escaped 
in vast numbers to Rome, where they 
continued to exercise their old trade of 
plunder and blood, and, probably, with 
more security and effect than before. G. 
VS. 

307. ' The Pomptine marsh' in Cam- 
pania (jpesiifera Pomtini uligine campi ; 
Sil. viii. 381. Mart. X. Ixxiv. 10. XI II. 
cxii.) was first drained, partially, by 
Ap. Claudius, A. U. 441. then more 
completely by Corn. Cethegus, A. U. 
590. (Liv. Ep. xlvi.) : Julius Caesar in- 
tended to execute this among other public 
works (Suet. 44.); and Augustus partly 
carried his intention into effect. (Hor. A. 
P. 65.) The work was resumed by 
Trajan (Dio), by Theodoric (Cassiod. 
V. E. ii. 32 sq), and in later times by 
Sixtus V and Pius VI. But after all 
that has been done, its vapours are too 
deleterious to admit of any persons now 
harbouring there. PR. GE. AN. R. G. 

' The Gallinarian forest' was in the 
same neighbourhood : uXvt clvvSgos xcu 
u.(jt,(i.uh'/i3 , '/J" TzXkivctgic&v vXtiv xaXevor 
Strab. v. p. 168. Cic. Div. ix. 23. R. 

308. Vivaria; iv.51. ' preserves, stews, 
or vivaries :' M. Hor. I Ep. i. 79. R. 

' Where they will have abundance of 
sport;' GR. or ' where they will fatten.' 
LU. 

309. ' Though there is no forge or 
anvil but rings with the clank of chains : 
yet all is ineffectual for the suppression 
of crime.' LU. 

310. Modus ' proportion, quantity.' 
Understand consumitur. LU. 



68 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. III. 



Vomer deficiat, ne marrae et sarcula desint. 
Felices proavorum atavos, felicia dicas 
Saecula, quae quondam sub regibus atque tribunis 
Viderunt uno contentam carcere Romam ! 

315 His alias poteram et plures subnectere causas; 
Sed jumenta vocant et sol inclinat: eundum est. 
Nam mihi commota jam dudum mulio virga 
Adnuit. Ergo vale nostri memor et, quoties te 
Roma tuo refici properantem reddet Aquino, 

320 Me quoque ad Helvinam Cererem vestramque Dianam 
Convelle a Cumis. Satirarum ego, ni pudet illas, 
Adjutor gelidos veniam caligatus in agros." 



311. ' Mattocks and hoes.' The for- 
mer word still exists in Italian and 
Spanish ; marre, in French, denotes the 
hoe used in vineyards: R. and from the 
latter word comes our English verb 
sarcle, ' to weed coin.' 

312. Cf. xiii. 34 sqq. R. Pater, avus, 
proavus, abavus, atavas, tritavus ; Plaut. 
Pers. I. ii. 5. F. the seventh generation 
would be tritavi pater, and the next 
proavi atavus. It is here put for • our 
forefathers' indefinitely. M. 

313. The military tribunes with con- 
sular power were first appointed A. U. 
310, sixty-five years after the abolition of 
the regal government: (Liv. iv. 7.) VS. 
and tribunes of the commons, sixteen 
years after the same event. (Liv. ii. 33.) 
LU. Augustus and the other emperors 
assumed to themselves the latter title. R. 
On the tribunicia potestas see CAR, L. 
ix. p. 226 sqq. 

314. This prison was built by Ancus 
Marcius; Liv. i. 33. GR. Servius Tul- 
lius added the dungeon, called from him 
Tulliajinm; Calp. Decl. 5. Tac. A. iv. 
29. LI. Sail. B. C. 58. VS. The next 
prison was built by Ap. Claudius the 
decemvir. Liv. iii. 57. Plin. vii. 36. V. 
Paterc. i. 9. R. 

315. ' Causes for leaving Rome.' LIT. 

316. ' They summon me to be mov- 
ing.' LU. v. 10. PR. 

The carriage, as soon as it was loaded, 
set out and overtook Umbricius ; and 
now it either was waiting, M. or had 
got some distance on the road. R. 

Inclinare meridiem sentis; Hor. III. Od< 
xxviii. 5 sq. M. [Livy xxv, 34, 6. ED.] 



317. ' The muleteer gives a hint, by 
smacking his whip.' LU. viii. 153. R. 

318. Sis licet ftlix,ubicumque mavis, et 
memor nostri, Galatea, vivas; Hor. Ill 
Od. xx vii. 13 sq. M. 

319. Poets were fond of periodical 
retirement into the quiet and repose of the 
country: me quoties r ej icit gelidus 
Digentia rivus. Aquinum, a town of the 
Volscians, was the birth-place of Juvenal. 
VS. 

320. Ceres and Diuna were especially 
worshipped at Aquinum : therefore they 
here stand for the town itself. The origin 
of the epithet ' Helvine' is uncertain: (1) 
from the Helvii, a people of Gaul ; Caes. 
B. G. vii. 7. 75. B. C. i. 35. Plin. iii. 4. 
xiv. 3. VS. (2) from a fountain of the 
name in the vicinity ; PR. (3) and the 
name of this, Eluinus, from ' washing off 
contaminations previously to initiation:' 
LU. or (4) from the • yellow (helvus) 
colour' of the ears of corn. SCO. BRO. 
Helvus is akin to gilvus ' dun,' in ety- 
mology and in signification : both the ini- 
tials are blended in the Dutch gheleuwe. 
" A sweaty reaper from his tillage brought 
First fruits, the green ear and the yel- 
low sheaf;" Milton P. L. xi. ftava 
Ceres ; Virg. G. i. 96. 

321. Convelle cf. 223. 
Cumis cf. 2. PR. 

* Unless they scorn my poor help.' T. 

322. Aquinum was ' cool' from its hills, 
woods, and streams. PR. 

Caligatus 'in military boots;' LU, 
BRI. ' equipped for our campaign ;' PR. 
HO. * armed at all points.' M. G. Dio 
says that Caligula wore the shoe from 



SAT. III. 



OF JUVENAL. 



69 



which he derived his name, to mark his 
renunciation of his former town shoes ; 
avrt rm ciffTtxav v<xohvi(ii,tt,rct)v. Umbri- 
cius may here avow a similar determin- 
ation. He promises that he will not 
appear in shoes of a town make ; that 
there shall be nothing about him, even 
on his feet, to remind Juvenal of the 
detested city. I. " In country shoes I'll 
come." BM. 

There is something exquisitely beauti- 
ful in this conclusion. The little circum- 
stances which accelerate the departure of 



Umbricius, the tender farewell he takes 
of his friend, the compliment he intro- 
duces to his abilities, and the affectionate 
hint he throws out, that, in spite of his 
attachment to Cumae, Juvenal may com- 
mand his assistance in the noble task in 
which he is engaged, all contribute to 
leave a pleasing impression of melan- 
choly on the mind, and interest the 
reader deeply in the fate of this neg- 
lected, but virtuous and amiable exile. 
G. 



SATIRE IV. 



ARGUMENT. 

In this Satire, which was probably written under Nerva, Juvenal indulges 
his honest spleen against two most distinguished culprits ; Crispinus, 
already noticed in his first Satire, 1 — 27, and Domitian, the constant 
object of his scorn and abhorrence, 28 — 149. 

The sudden transition from the shocking enormities of Crispinus, 1 — 10, 
to his gluttony and extravagance, 1 1 sqq. is certainly inartificial, but 
appears necessary in some degree to the completion of the Poet's design, 
the introduction of Domitian, 28. 

The whole of the latter part is excellent. The mock solemnity with which 
the anecdote of the enormous turbot is introduced, 37 sqq. the pro- 
cession, or rather the rush, of the affrighted counsellors to the palace, 
75 sqq. and the ridiculous debate 1 19 sqq. (as to whether the fish should 
be dressed whole or not, 130) which terminates in as ridiculous a deci- 
sion, 136 sqq. (that a dish should be made for it, 131, according to the 
sage advice of Montanus) — all show a masterly hand. 

We have, indeed, here a vivid picture of the state of the empire under the 
suspicious and gloomy tyranny of Domitian ; of his oppressive system 
of espionage and rapacity, of his capricious severity and trifling, and of 
the gross adulation in which all classes sought a precarious security. 

Many masterly touches are given in the brief allusions to the character 
and conduct of the chief courtiers as they pass in review : the weak but 
well-meaning Pegasus, stoic, and bailiff of Rome, 75 sqq. Crispus the 
complaisant old epicure and wit, 81 sqq. Acilius, and his ill-fated young 
companion, 94 sqq. Rubrius the low-born ruffian, 104 sqq. Montanus the 
unwieldy glutton, 107- Crispinus the perfumed debauchee, 108 sq. 
Pompeius the merciless sycophant, 109 sq. Fuscus the luxurious and 
incompetent general, 111 sq. Catullus the blind hypocrite, extravagant 
in his praises of the finny monster, 1 13 sqq. and Veiento the timeserving 
fortune-teller, 113. 123 sqq. 

And we cannot but admire the indignant and high-spirited apostrophe, 
with which our Poet concludes, reflecting on the servile tameness of the 
patricians as contrasted with the indignant vengeance of the lower 
orders, 150 — 154. an apostrophe which under some of the emperors 
would be fatal, and under none of them safe. G. R. 



THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. 71 



Ecce iterum Crispinus ! et est mihi ssepe vocandus 
Ad partes, monstrum nulla virtute redemtum 
A vitiis, seger solaque libidine fortis : 
Delicias vidua? tantum aspernatur adulter. 
5 Quid refert igitur, quantis jumenta fatiget 

Porticibus ? quanta nemorum vectetur in umbra ? 
Jugera quot vicina foro, quas emerit sedes ? 
Nemo malus felix ; minime corrupter et idem 
Incestus, cum quo nuper vittata jacebat 
10 Sanguine adhuc vivo terram subitura sacerdos. 



1. Ecce denotes surprise. LU. ecce 
Crispinus minimo me provocat ; Hot. I S. 

iv. 13 sq. R. 

'Again' i. 26. LU. understand adest. R. 
Mihi for a me. VS. 

2. A metaphor from the theatre, in 
which actors were called when it was 
their turn to appear on the stage. VS. 
Hernicos ad partes paratos; Liv. iii. 10. 
R. 4 A slave to vice with no one re- 
deeming virtue.' LU. cf. Pers. v. PR. 

3. ' Feeble both in body and mind.' R. 
Isti vulsi atque expoliti et nusquam, 

nisi in libidine, viri; Sen. Cont. i. 
p. 62. R. 

4. « To corrupt virgin innocence, to in- 
vade the sanctity of the marriage bed, 
is his delight: intrigues with widows, 
therefore, have too little turpitude in them 
to gratify his singular depravity.' G. 

5. Nam grave quid prodest pondus 
mihi divitis auri? arvaque si findant 
pinguia mille boves ? quidve domus prodest 
Phrygiis innixa columnis? et n em or a in 
domibus sacros imitantia lucosl et qutz 
prceterea populus miratur? Non opibus 
mentes hominum curceque levantur^ Tib. 
III. iii. 11 &c. R. 

The luxurious Romans built Hong 
covered ways in their grounds, that they 
might not be deprived of their exercise in 
bad weather: see vii. 178 — 181. LU. 
Mart. I. xiii. 5 sqq. V. xx. 8. Plin. Ep. 

v. 6. 17. R. 

Equos fatigat ; Virg. jE. i. 316. GR. 

6. Quid ilia porticus verna semper? 
quid ilia mollis gestatio? Plin. Ep. i. 3. 
PR. 

Nemora ' shrubberies and groves/ Plin. 
Ep. ii. 17. LI. nemus inter pulcra 
satum tecta ; Hor. Ill Od. x. 5 sq. R. 



7. Land in the immediate vicinity of 
the forum was of course exorbitantly dear. 
LU. cf. i. 105 sq. M. The forum of 
Augustus, which is here meant, was the 
most frequented part of Rome, i. 192 : 
therefore the purchase of property in land 
or houses near this spot shows the enor- 
mous wealth of this odious upstart. There 
is also, probably, a covert allusion to his 
presumption iu imitating the Csesars 
whose palace and gardens of many acres 
were in this immediate neighbourhood. G. 

8. Nemo potest esse felix sine virtute ; 
Cic. " Virtue alone is happiness below j" 
Pope Ess. on Man, iv. 310. " Virtue 
must be the happiness.and vice the misery, 
of every creature ;" Bp Butler Intr. to 
Aual. See also Lord Shaftesbury's Inq. 
concerning Virtue, pt. II. 

9. Such was the respect for religion, 
that the seducer of ' a vestal virgin' was 
considered ' guilty of incest,' and placed 
upon a par, in criminality, with the vio- 
lator of all natural decorum. G. The 
guilty vestal was also considered incesta ; 
Ov. F. vi. 459. 

Priestsand priestesses wore fillets round 
the head. LU. 

Nullaque dicetur vittas temerasse s a- 
cerdos, nec viva def odietur humo ; 
Ov. F. vi. 457 sq. iii. 30. R. 

10. This solemnity is thus described 
by Plutarch : At the Colline gate within 
the city, there was a subterranean cavern, 
in which were placed a bed, a lamp, a 
pitcher of water, and a loaf. The of- 
fender was then bound alive upon a bier, 
and carried through the forum with great 
silence and horror. When they reached 
the place of interment, the bier was set 
down, and the poor wretch unbound; a 



72 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. IV. 



Sed nunc de factis levioribus : et tamen alter 
Si fecisset idem, caderet sub judice morum. 
Nam quod turpe bonis, Titio Seioque, decebat 
Crispinum. Quid agas, quum dira et foedior omni 
15 Crimine persona est? Mullum sex millibus emit, 
iEquantem sane paribus sestertia libris, 
Ut perhibent, qui de magnis majora loquuntur. 
Consilium laudo artificis, si munere tanto 
Praecipuam in tabulis ceram senis abstulit orbi. 



ladder was then brought, by which she de- 
scended into the excavation ; when, upon 
a signal given, the ladder was suddenly 
withdrawn, and the mouth of the cavity 
completely filled up with stones, earth, &c. 
Num. 67. Whether the vestal debauched 
by Crispinus actually suffered is doubtful. 
But Domitian did put Cornelia and seve- 
ral others to death. Suet. 8. Dionys. ii. 
65. viii. 90. LU. PR. G. R. see Mar- 
mion, cant. ii. note 17. 

11. Understand agimus. PR. 

12. ' And yet any other individual 
would forfeit his life to our imperial 
censor for a like offence.' Plin. Ep. iv. 
11. LU. As Celer, who was guilty of 
incest with Cornelia, (see above) was 
scourged to death. PR. Liv. xxii. 57. R. 
On the censorship exercised by Domitian 
(Censor maxime principumqxie princeps ; 
Mart. VI. iv. PR.) see the notes on ii. 
29 sqq. 

Cadere is opposed to stare in judicio. 
And sub means ' before,' as vii. 13. R. 

13. Ille cmcem sceleris pretium tulit, 
hie diadema ; xiii. 105. cf. viii. 182. xi. 1 
sqq. 174 sqq. Tithts and Seius were fic- 
titious personages, like our John Doe 
and Richard Roe, and like them inserted 
in all law-processes : roTs tii ovofiatrt rov- 
rois oiXXeos x.i%(>nv<ra.i xeivots ovctv, wffTtg 
et vafttaei Ta/ov, %Wo» } xcti llrttv' Plut. Q. 

R. 30. G. LU. R. 

14. " When the actor's person far ex- 
ceeds, In native loathsomeness, his foul- 
est deeds," G. ' one is at a loss how to 
treat him.' M. 

15. v. 92. Plin. ix. 17. Varr. R. R. 
iii. 17. Cic. Att. ii. I. Parad. 5. Ath. i. 
5. vii. 21. iv. 13. PR. ' Surmullet; cf. 
vi. 40. Mart. II. xliii. 11. VII. lxxvii. 
XIII. lxxix. III. xlv. 5. X. xxxi. XI. Ii. 
9. Macr. Sat. ii. 12. Suet. Tib. 34. R. 
Hor. II S. ii. 34. Sen. Ep. 95. M. ' A 
mullet' is mvgilis. Surmullets were very 



plentiful and cheap, but seldom weighed 
above 21bs. In proportion as they ex- 
ceeded this they grew valuable, till at 
last they reached the sum mentioned in 
the text (about £50), and even went be- 
yond it. The fish seems to have grown 
larger in the decline of the empire, as if 
to humour the caprice of this degenerate 
people. Horace thought a surmullet of 
31bs. something quite out of the common 
way ; the next reign furnished one of 
4|lbs! here we have one of 61bs! ! and 
we read elsewhere of others larger still ; 
one of 801bs ! ! ! (unless there be an error 
in the figures) was caught in the Red 
Sea ; Plin. ix. 18. They seem afterwards 
to have gone out of fashion, for Macro- 
bius speaking with indignation of one that 
was purchased in the reign of Claudius 
by Asinius Celer for 56/. 10s. adds pretia 
hcBc insana nescimus. The surmullet of 
4|lbs. was one that was presented to 
Tiberius. The emperor sent it to market, 
observing that he thought either P. 
Octavius or Apicius would buy it. 
They did bid against each other, till 
it was knocked down to the former for 
£40. cf. 23. G. 

16. Sane ' forsooth,' ironically. LU. 
Phaad. III. xv. 12. R. ' Well ! and 
that was only a thousand a pound.' 

17. Juvenal merely gives the story as 
he heard it, without vouching for its cor- 
rectness: since fama vires acquirit eundo; 
Virg. M. iv. 175. GR. 

18. ' I grant you his artifice was praise- 
worthy as a masterly stroke.' M. cf. 
St Luke xvi. 8. 

19. Cf. ii. 58. PR. prcecipua cera 
' the principal place in the will' and 
consequently 4 the bulk of the property.' 
The chief heir was named in the second 
line of the first table. Hor. II S. 
v. 53 sq. cf. Suet. Caes. 83. Ner. 17. 
R. M. 



SAT. IV. 



OF JUVENAL. 



73 



20 Est ratio ulterior, magna? si misit arnica?, 
Quae vehitur clauso latis specularibus antro. 
Nil tale exspectes : emit sibi. Multa videmus, 
Quae miser et frugi non fecit Apicius. Hoc tu 
Succinctus patria quondam, Crispine, papyro? 

25 Hoc pretio squamae ? Potuit fortasse minoris 
Piscator, quam piscis, emi. Provincia tanti 
Vendit agros ; sed majores Appulia vendit. 
Quales tunc epulas ipsum glutisse putemus 
Endoperatorem, quum tot sestertia, partem 



20. * A still better reason: for then he 
may obtain her favours as well as her 
fortune.' cf. ii. 58 sqq. PR. iii. 129 sqq. M. 

21. Instead of glass, they used for 
the panes of their windows thin plates of 
mica or Muscovy talc, which was called 
lapis specularis; SA. the larger these panes, 
the more expensive would the windows 
be. M. i. 65. Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 22. 
26. Sen. Ep. 86. 90. de Prov. 4. N. Q. 
iv. 13. hibernis objecta Notts spe On- 
tario, puros adrnittunt soles et sine face 
diem: at mihi cella datur, non tot a 
c I a us a fenestra; Mart. VIII. xiv. 
3—5. Plin. Ep. ii. 17. PR. R. The 
satire perhaps is aimed at the affectation 
of the lady, who pretended to conceal 
herself in a vehicle, which, from its 
splendour, must have attracted universal 
notice. G. 

22. 'If you expect any such thing, 
you will be mistaken.' M. 

After videiims understand Crispinum 
fecisse. R. 

23. • Compared with him, Apicius 
was mean and thrifty.' See note on 15. 
Among several epicures of this name, 
one wrote a book on cookery. VS. Plin. 
ii. 5. viii. 51. ix. 17. x. 48. Sen. Ep. 
95. LU. Id. Helv. 10. Dio Cass. 57. 
The Apicius who is above mentioned, 
after spending a fortune in gluttony, de- 
stroyed himself. PPt. cf. xi. 3. Tac. A. 
iv. 1. Mart. II. Ixix. III. xxii. R. 

Hoc; understand/ecisfi. LU. 

24. ' Erst girt round the loins with the 
papyrus matted or stitched together.' i. 26. 
Plin. xiii. 1 1. PR. cf. viii. 162. The pa- 
pyrus is called patria, as the siluri are 
called municipes, 33. o V "Ega$, %iruva 

xon'ira)' Anacr. iv. 4. Hor. 11 S. viii. 
10. Ph£ed. II. v. 11 sqq. BO, p. 283 sqq. 
J?. The savages of the newly-discovered 



islands, and the countrymen of Crispinus 
at the present day, are said to wear this 
sort of dress. Piear-Admiral Perree 
says, " La ftrocitt des habitans est pire que 
les saurages; majeure par tie hab'ults en 
paille ;" Intercepted Letters. G. 

25. Understand emuntur. LU. squamce, 
contemptuously, for ' the fish.' VS. 

26. Asinius Celer e consularibus, hoc 
pisce prodigus, Caio principe unum mer- 
catus octo millibus numum : quce reputatio 
aufert tramversum animum ad coniem- 
platlonem eorum, qui in conqucstione luins, 
coquos emi singulos pluris quam equos qui- 
rilabant: at nunc coci triumphorum pretiis 
parantur et coquorum pisces; Plin. ix. 17. 
R. 

27. ' You can purchase still larger 
estates in Apulia for the money : landed 
property being at a discount in Italy, 
especially in the wilder parts of it.' but 
cf. ix. 55. HN. agri suburbani tantum 
possidet, quantum invidioae in desert is 
Appuliae possideret ; Sen. Ep. 87. N. Q. 
v. 17. Plin. xvii. 24. Gel!, ii. 22. 
incipit montes Appulia notos ostentare, 
quos torret Atabulus ; Hor. I S. v. 77 sq. 
PR. nec tantus urnquam siderum insedit 
vapor siticuloscB Appulia ; E. iii. 15 sq. 

28. ' To have gorged.' Hence our word 
glutton. He now attacks Domitian. 

29. Endoperator x. 138. the obsolete 
poetical form of Tmperator (which is in- 
admissible in epic verse") used by Ennius 
and Lucretius: with h'tiov, the Greek for 
in, prefixed. R. Imperator (1) in its 
simplest sense denotes « the general of an 
army.' administrator rei gcrendtf; Cic. de 
Or.* I. xlviii. 210. (2) More empha- 
tically it is « a commander in chief, who, 
upon a signal and important service, had 
this title conferred upon him by the accla- 
mation of the soldiers or a decree of the 
senate.' This, both during the republic, 



74 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. IV. 



30 Exiguam et modicae sumtam de margine ccenae, 
Purpureus magni ructarit scurra Palati, 
Jam princeps Equitum, magna qui voce solebat 
Vendere municipes fricta de merce siluros ? 
Incipe, Calliope, licet et considere : non est 

35 Cantandum, res vera agitur. Narrate, puellae 
Pierides : prosit mihi, vos dixisse puellas ! 



[custella munitissima, nocturno Pomptinii 
adventu, nostro matutino, cepimus, incen- 
dirnus: Imperatores appellati sumus; 
Cic. Att. v. 20.] and after. {Tiberius id 
quoque Blceso tribuit,ut Imperator a 
legionibus salutaretur, prisco erga duces 
honor e, qui bene gesta republica et impetu 
vicloris exercitus conclamabantur ; Tac. 
An. iii. 74. Cic. Phil. xiv. 4 sq. Plin. 
Pan. 12. 56.] Thus from the name of 
an office, it became a title of dignity, 
which was not regularly applied unless 
a certain number of the enemy were 
slain: [D. Cass, xxxvii. 40.] Appian 
says 10,000. [B. C. ii. p. m. 455.] And 
it was conferred but once in one war: 
Claudius, in his war against Britain, 
" was repeatedly saluted Imperator, 
though contrary to established rules." 
[D. Cass. lx. 21.] This title was com- 
monl v expressed on their coins both under 
the Republic and after. [SP, diss. x. 
t. ii. p. 180 sqq.] (3) Under J. Caesar 
the word took a third signification, and 
implied the chief civil authority, or what 
we understand by 'Emperor,' [D. 
Cass, xliii. 44.] Imperator in this sense 
is prefixed to a name ; in the two other 
senses it is put after it : as Imperator 
Ccesar Augustus; [Liv. i. 19.] and on the 
other hand M. Tullius Imperator as in 
the addressof many of his letters. [Recepit 
Julius praenomen Imp era tor is, 
cognomen Patris Pair ia ; Suet. 76.] The 
second sense was not destroyed by the 
third ; for many Emperors were saluted 
as Imp er at or es long after their ac- 
cession. Octavian, for instance, had 
that compliment paid him upwards of 
twenty times. [Tac. A. i. 9.] TA, Civil 
Law, p. 30. See CAR, L. ix. p. 214 sq. 
[Livy xxvii, 19, 4. ED.] 

• So many sestertia,' i. e. 'a dish 
costing so many/ cf. 16. PR. 

30. • If Crispinus devoured such an 
expensive dish, and that not a principal 
one, but merely a side-dish, and not at any 
great banquet, but at a quiet supper.' ill. 



31. « Purple.' cf. i. 27. PR. as con- 
trasted with v. 24. M. 

The indigestions and crudities, gene- 
rated in the stomachs of those who feed 
on rich and high-seasoned dishes, occa- 
sion indigestion, flatulence, and nauseous 
eructations, iii. 233. M. 

* The buffoon' used contemptuously 
for ' courtier.' cf. Mart. VIII. xcix. PR. 
See the characters of the cl^o-xot, the 
x'o\a.%, and the (iufioXo^ai' Arist. Eth.iv. 
6 and 8. 

The words magni palati look very 
like a pun. II N. 

32. Not ' Master of the Horse,' but 
■ first of the Equestrian order,' ' one of 
the illustrious knights :' (cf. Tac. A. xi. 4. 
ii. 59. also vii. 89. x. 95. R. Liv. xlii. 
61. and AD. ) who by their fortune were 
eligible to the senatorial rank. LI. ER. 
cf. Hor. Ep. iv. 15 sq. iii. 159. M. 

Magna voce vendere ' to hawk about the 
streets.' ill. Sen. Ep. 56. JR. 

33. Municipes ' of the same borough 
town.' xiv. 271. SA. viz. Alexandria. 
Cell. xxvi. 13. PR. cf. 24. 7?. 

1 Shads.' M. pi sees fricti, ut dia 
durent, eodem momento, quo fviguntur et 
levantur , aceto calidoperfunduntur; Apic. 
i. 11. The cured fish, which were im- 
ported from Egypt, were much esteemed. 
Diod. i. 36. Luc. t. iii. p. 249. But 
this sort (Scheilan Niloticus) was so com- 
mon and cheap, that it was never bought 
or sold but by the lower orders. MNS. 

34. He here ridicules the practice of 
invoking the Muses. RI. Calliope pre- 
sided over heroic verse : PR. she was 
also <7T(>o(pzgs<rrolr'/i aTUfficov Hes. Th. 79. 
Sil. iii. 222. xii. 390. Virg. JE. ix. 525. 
Thus Homer Batr. 1 sqq. Hor. I S. v. 
51 sqq. R. 

' We maybe seated; for the matter 
on the tapis will not be despatched in an 
instant.' M. See iii. 265, note. 

35. ' We have no poetical fiction to 
deal with.' M. x. 178. R. 

36. The Muses were called Pierides 



SAT. IV. 



OF JUVENAL. 



75 



Quum jam semianirnum laceraret Flavius orbem 
Ultimus et calvo serviret Roma Neroni; 
Incidit Adriaci spatium admirabile rhombi 
40 Ante domum Veneris, quam Dorica sustinet Ancon, 
Implevitque sinus : neque enim minor haeserat illis, 
Quos operit glacies Maeotica ruptaque tandem 



from Pieria, a district on the confines of 
Macedonia and Thessaly ; in which Ju- 
piter visited their mother Mnemosyne. 
Ov. M. vi. 114. M. Cic. de N. D. iii. 
54. PR. cf. vii. 8. 60. R. 

Prosit nostris in 7nontibus ortas ; Virg. 
JE. ix. 92. VS. * Let me experience, in 
your patronage, the benefit of having 
paid this compliment to your innocence 
and youth.' FA. 

37. The date of this event is given 
with much precision in majestic verse. 
LU. vi. 82. R. Virg. M. iv. 686. ' The 
world lies at its last gasp, bleeding under 
the fangs and talons of a ferocious tyrant.' 

The Flavian family was one of no 
distinction before Vespasian's time ; Suet. 
1. PR. 

38. Domitian was the last of the 
Caesars also. LU. Flavia gens, quantum 
tibi tertius abstulit heres ! "pane fu.it tanti, 
non hubuisse duos ; Mart. Spect. ult. VS. 
Ausonius has imitated this: hactenus 
edideras dominos, gens Flavia, justos : 
cur, duo quce dederant, tertius eripuil 9 
vix tanti est habuisse illos : quia dona bo- 
norum sunt brevia ; ceternum, quce nocuere, 
dolent ; Tetr. 12. Dom. 

Et Titus imperii felix brevitate ; se- 
quutus f rater, quern calvum dixit sua 
Roma Neronemi Aus. de xn Caes. T. 
Baldness was a very sore subject with the 
emperor-, Suet. 18. and was considered 
a great dissight among the Romans. 
Suet. Cass. 45. On the stage, it was 
one of the distinguishing characteristics 
of parasites and other ridiculous per- 
sonages ; R. and is still retained by the 
heroes of modern pantomime. 

' Was enslaved.' Domitian was the 
first to accept the title of do minus, to 
which servus is the relative term, as 
miles is to imperator, and civis to princeps. 
LU. Suet. 13. 

He is called ' a second Nero' from 
his excessive cruelty. T. Suet. Dom. 
10 sq. 15. PR. Thus iEneas was taunted 
as another Paris : Virg. M. iv. 215. R. 

39. Parturiunt montes : nascetur ridi- 
culus mus j Hor. A. P. 139. PR. This 



is another instance of periphrasis, spatium 
rhombi (tv did tuolv) for rhombus spatiosus 
(i. e. ingens, as spatiosus taurus ; Ov. R. 
A. 421. SA.) ; so also Crispi senectus-, 81. 
Montani venter ; 107. vini senectus ; xiii. 
214. Thaletis ingenium ■, ib. 184. Her- 
culeus labor ; Hor. I Od. iii. 36. virtus 
Catoiiis i III Od. xxi. 11. virtus Scipi- 
adce et mitis sapientia Lcel'i s II S. i. 72. 
nodosa pondera clavce ; Sil. ii. 246. vis 
elephautorum ; Id. iv. 601. in imitation of 
the Homeric expressions jS/'/j 'EAsvo/a or 

TyiXs{Aci%oto, trd'ivos 'Qgiuvos, 6iC. R. In 
English we say " The Queen's most ex- 
cellent Majesty" for the Queen herself. 
The expression in the text may also be 
compared with <rvh xgnfta. [Aya., see 
Her. i. 36. iii. 130. vi. 43. vii. 188. and 
notes. 

Adriaco mirandus litore rhombus ; 
Ov. Hal. 125. Ravenna in the Adriatic 
was famous for its turbots, as Tarentum 
and the Lucrine lake for oysters, (cf. 140 
sqq.) the Tiber for pikes, Sicily for the 
murcena, and Rhodes for the elops; Plin. 
ix. 54. R. lb. 20. PR. 

40. The poet by being thus minute (as 
though every particular was of the utmost 
importance) enhances the irony. M. 

Domus ' the temple LU. Virg. 3*.. 
vi. 81. Prop. III. ii. 18. cf. Cat. xxxvi. 
13. R. 

Ancona, in the Picenian territory, was 
founded by a colony of Syracusans (who 
were of Doric race) flying from the 
tyranny of Dionysius. FA. It was 
named from a bend of the mountain 
whose promontory formed its harbour, 
resembling an elbow ayxav. Mel. ii. 4. 
PR. Plin. iii. 13. R. 

41. Tncidit (?'« reiia) implevitque sinus ; 
a quotation from Virgil, implevitque 
sin urn sanguis ; M. x. 819. VS. " Fill 'd 
the wide bosom of the bursting seine." G. 
sinus is used in a similar sense, Mart. 
XIII. c. 2. Grat. Cyn. 29. R. cf. i. 88. 
PR. 150. note on 45. 

42. Palus McEotis now ' the Sea of 
Azof,' communicating with the Black 



76 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. IV. 



Solibus effundit torpentis ad ostia Ponti 
Desidia tardos et longo frigore pingues. 

45 Destinat hoc monstrum cymbse Unique magister 
Pontifici summo. Quis enim proponere talem 
Aut emere auderet, quum plena et litora multo 
Delatore forent ? Dispersi protenus algae 
Inquisitores agerent cum remige nudo, 

50 Non dubitaturi fugitivum dicere piscem 
Depastumque diu vivaria Csesaris, inde 
Elapsum, veterem ad dominum debere reverti. 
Si quid Palfurio, si credimus Armillato, 
Quidquid conspicuum pulcrumque est a?quore toto, 



Sea by the Straits of Caffa. R. rov 
Tlovrov ivSa. iffriv h tslctiuri; \!/u,vn, h y 
<7Ca.i Ifcfv; a-rof^eiiovTai, ofav za) aurn 
v Xiftvvi Mtziuns ovofzu^iTui. Hipparch.cr. 

T. $ ZcJS. ti N. 

43. ' By the solar beams.' G. 
Ponti Euxini, note on Her. i. 6. 

44. Immense shoals of fish are caught 
in the neighbourhood of Byzantium. Tac. 
A. xii. 63. R. Strab. vii. p. 320. Arist. 
H. A. viii. 13. 16. xv. 10. Pun. ix. 15 
s 20. Ambr. Hex. v. 10. LI. Itaque 
tempestate piscium vis Ponto erupit ; Sail. 
VS. 

45. Monstrum see ii. 143. 

Linum (1) * flax' (2) « string' (3) [ a 
net;' v. 102. sinuatum linum ' a landing 
net:' Sil. vii. 503. F. 

« The master of the baric and net :' 
another periphrasis. See Eur. Cyc. 86. 
^Csch. P. 384 sq. 389. J?. 

46. All the emperors bore the title of 
« Chief Pontiff.' LU. There may be an 
allusion here to the good living of the 
priests : pont'ificum potiore ccevis ; Hor. II 
Od. xiv. 28. Gli. or to the disciepancy 
between the sanctity of the office and the 
viciousness of the person. G. 

Proponere understand venum. LU. 
"47. Et, * not only the city, but even.' 
PR. 

48. Delator, <rvxo(pa.v<rni. 

* So dispersed that no place is secure 
from their officiousness.' 

* Inspectors of sea-weed,' (a thing pro- 
verbially worthless, projecta vilior alga ; 
Virg. E. vii. 42. PR. Hor. II S. v. 8. 
R.) put contemptuously for litoris mari- 
tivi inquisitores. They somewhat resem- 



bled those revenue orficers called ' tide- 
waiters.' M. 

49. • Would argue the matter ;' or, 
understanding lege, 1 Would contest the 
point at law.' AD. 

Nudus may be taken metaphorically, 
and auxilio understood : cf. vii. 35. R. 
[Livy xxviii, 3, 6. ED.] 

50. ' Fellows who would not scruple 
to swear the fish was a stray.' Such 
were the oppressive measures used to 
fleece the people, on the most groundless 
pretences, and yet under colour of legal 
claim, ill. cf. Suet. Dom. 9. 12. R. 

51. Vivaria: hi. 308 . Macr.iii.13. PR. 

53. Palfurius Sura had been a buf- 
foon and a parasite at the court of Nero ; 
for which Vespasian expelled him from 
the senate ; when he commenced Stoic, 
and talked (which Suetonius says he 
could do very eloquently, Dom. 13.) of 
abstinence and virtue ; till Domitian,who 
wanted little other recommendation of a 
man, than the having justly incurred the 
contempt and anger of his father, made him 
his own attorney general, in which office 
he acquitted himself most egregiously. G. 
VS. PR. See vii. 80, note on Saleius. 

Armillatus was another sycophant of 
much the same stamp. VS. 

54. By the laws of England, whale 
and sturgeon are called royal fish, be- 
cause they belong to the king, on account 
of their excellence, as part of his ordinary 
revenue, in consideration of his protect- 
ing the seas from pirates and robbers. 
Blackst. Com. 4 to. p. 290. M. " Hath 
not strong reason moved the legist's 
minde, To say, the fayrest of all nature's 



SAT. IV. 



OF JUVENAL. 



77 



55 Res fisci est, ubicumque natat. Donabitur ergo, 
Ne pereat. Jam letifero cedente pruinis 
Auctumno, jam quartanam sperantibus segris, 
Stridebat deformis hyems prsedamque recentem 
Servabat: tamen hie properat, velut urgeat Auster. 

60 Utque lacus suberant, ubi, quamquam diruta, servat 
Ignem Trojanum et Vestam colit Alba minorem, 
Obstitit intranti miratrix turba parumper. 
Ut cessit, facili patuerunt cardine valvae. 



kinde The prince, by his prerogative, may 
claymeV' Marston. G. 

55. ' Is the property of the exchequer.' 
GRM. 

' If such be the law, we will make 
a merit of necessity, and present every 
choice fish to the emperor, lest we lose 
both that and our labour.' HK. 

56. Acute and ' fatal' diseases are fre- 
quent in ' autumn,' especially in Italy 
and duiiog the prevalence of southerly 
winds. Hipp. Aph. iii. 9. Galen. PR. 
vi. 517. Plin. ii. 48. Virg. G. iii. 478 sqq. 
Hor. II Od. xiv. 15 sq. Ill Od. xxiii. 8. 
II S. vi. 18 sq. Pers. vi. 13. R. 

' Giving place to.' viQofrifius %ups!jvi$ 
lx%apov<riv svxapTa 6igu' Soph. Aj. 675. 
R. 

' Hoar-frosts,' for ' winter;' Virg. G. 
i. 230. R. 

57. Sperantibus may be either (1) 
taken by the figure catachresis for 
timenttims. LU. Or (2) sperare may be 
considered as a generic term including 
optare and timere. M. cf. Virg. JE, i. 543. 
iv. 419. xi. 275. V. Flac. iii. 295. Hero- 
dian, I. iii. 11. R. See notes on Ix^la-as' 
Her. i. 77. iii. 62. and on iXfofzur vi. 
109. Or (3) we may translate it ' hop- 
ing (Hor. II Od. x. 13.) that the fever 
will become intermittent.' nam quartana 
neminem jugulat ; sed si ex ea facta quoti- 
diana est, in malis ceger est ; Cels. Med. 
iii. 15. In accordance with which is the 
Italian proverb " Febre quartana No fa 
sonare campana." FL. RJ. GR. cf. Cic. 
ad Div. xvi. 1 1 p r. R. 

58. Stridere is properly applied to a 
stormy wind. Cic. T. Q. i. 68. PR. 
slridens aquilone procella; Virg. JE. i. 
102. 

Informes hyemes; Hor.IIOd.x. 15.LZ7. 
Recentem : another reason why it 
would keep. 



59. Hie < the fisherman.' PR. 

The south-wind is very unfavourable 
for the keeping of either meat or fish. 
Gal. Aph. iii. 5. PR. xiv. 130. Hor. II 
S. ii. 41 sq. R. 

60. Suberant ' were near at hand.' 
Horace also uses the plural ; Albanos 
prope te lacus; IV Od. i. 19 sq. M. Now 
' Lago di Castel Gandolfo.' Liv. v. 15 
sqq. Cic. Div. i. 44. pro Mil. 31. Virg. 
JE. ix. 387. R. 

* Demolished,' with the exception of 
the temples, by Tullus Hostilius. Liv. i. 
29. PR. 

61. Alba Longa, the favourite residence 
of Domitian, stood on the declivity of a 
hill near a lake which was famous in 
Roman story. It was built by Ascanius 
(xii. 70 sqq. Virg. JE. iii. 390 sqq. viii. 
43 sqq.), and there the Trojans deposited 
the sacred fire brought from Ilium. 
When the city was destroyed, and Rome 
became the capital of the nation, a rem- 
nant of the Vestal fire was still left 
there, from some superstitious motive, 
and piously preserved through all the 
vicissitudes of the commonwealth. Liv. 
i. 3. 25. 29 sqq. Here Domitian usually 
kept the Quinquatria in honour of Mi- 
nerva his tutelary deity ; and here he 
often convened the senate. G. PR. M. 
145. Pirn. Ep. IV. xi. 6. Tac. Ag. 
45. Suet. Dom. 4. 19. Stat. IV S. ii. 
18 sqq. 62 sqq. Virg. JE. ii. 293. R. 

' The lesser Vesta,' in comparison 
with the splendour of her temple and 
worship in Rome. VS. 

62. Thus turba salutatrix ; v. 21. R. 

63. ' As the crowd made way.' M. 
Janua qucef acilis movebat car dines; 

Hor. I Od. xxv. 4 sqq. M. Opposed to 
this is Janitor, d iffi cilem moto cardine 
pandeforem ; Ov. Am. I. vi. 1 sq. Valval. 
are the same as duplices fores; ib. viii. 22. 



78 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. IV. 



Exclusi spectant admissa opsonia Patres. 

65 Itur ad Atridem. Turn Picens " Accipe" dixit 
" Privatis majora focis: genialis agatur 
Iste dies, propera stomachum laxare saginis 
Et tua servatum consume in ssecula rhombum. 
Ipse capi voluit." Quid apertius? Et tamen Illi 

70 Surgebant crista?: nihil est, quod credere de se 
Non possit, quum laudatur Dis sequa potestas. 



whence the expressions junge ostia; ix. 
105. and j unctae fenestra ; Hor. I 
Od. xxv. 1. R. 

64. " The senators, shut out, behold 
The envied dainty enter." G. J A. This 
intimates the haughty arrogance of Do- 
mitian. HK. 

'O^pwviov was applied to 1 fish' in par- 
ticular ; see Ath. vii. 1. R. 

65. Itur used impersonally as surgitur; 
144. M. iii. 235, note. vii. 82. Hor. I 
S. i. 7. 

The emperor is called Atrides from his 
resemblance in imperiousness to the 
generalissimo of the Greeks. Horn. II. A 
Suet. Dom. 13. R. cf. x. 84. 1)0. i. 
61 sq. 

' The fisher of Picenum,' PS. might 
have found a precedent for his conduct 
in Herodotus (iii. 42.), who gives an 
account of a very fine fish which was 
taken and brought to Polycrates the 
tyrant of Samos. The presentation 
speech is preserved by the historian ; it 
is very civil, as might be expected, but 
far short of this before us. Herodotus 
adds that Polycrates invited the fisherman 
to sup with him : a trait of politeness 
which, we may be pretty confident, 
Domitian did not think it necessary to 
imitate. G. 

66. ' Greater than (i. e. too great for) 
private kitchens;' M. cf. vi. 114. not to 
mention the delicacy of the fish itself ; 
39. Hor. I S. ii. 115 sq. Pers. vi. 23. 
R. 

Genialis; Pers. ii. 1—3. PR. Hor. 
Ill Od. xvii. 13 sqq. M. 

67. * Lose no time in expanding your 
stomach for the reception of these deli- 
cacies;' LU. or « in releasing it from the 
dainties with which it is now loaded.' 
This relief was usually obtained by 
emetics. M. Gluttons sometimes adopted 
this expedient after a first or second 
course to prepare themselves for the 



next. ACH. Suet. Vit. 13. I am cre- 
dibly informed that a celebrated gour- 
mand in London practised the very same 
means, after an early civic feast, to pre- 
pare himself for a fashionable dinner at 
' the west end.' [Livy xxiii, 20, e. ED.] 

68. Sepculum is repeatedly used by the 
writers about this time, especially the 
younger Pliny, to signify ' the reign.' 
HK. 

69. It is surprising that any man of 
sense should have introduced such an 
ahsurd idea into serious poetry ; and yet 
Claudian has something not unlike it in 
some high-flown Alcaics on the marriage 
of Honorius and Maria : 13 — 15. Jonson 
too, whose learning often got the better 
of his judgement and betrayed him into 
absurdities, has expanded the thought 
thus: " Fat aged carps, that run into 
thy net, And pikes, now weary their own 
kind to eat, As loth the second draught 
or cast to stay, Officiously at first them- 
selves betray;" Forest, ii. 2. G. 

' What flattery was ever more grossly 
palpable?' LU. Illi see 73. iii. 264. 

70. The metaphor is taken from a 
bird, which, when proud and pleased, 
! cocks and struts and plumes itself;' M. 
as the contrary is expressed by the word 

C R EST- FALL F.N. 

* Nothing is too fulsome to be credited.' 
M. 

71. Such was the impious vanity of 
many heathen princes ; Caligula (Suet. 
22.), Aurelian, Carus, Diocletian, An- 
tiochus, and many eastern sovereigns 
(Curt. viii. 5.), Alexander of Macedon 
(Just. xi. xii. " With ravished ears The 
monarch hears; Assumes the God, Af- 
fects to nod, And seems to shake the 
spheres ;" D, Alex. Feast. M.). Do- 
mitian styled himself Domirius et 
Deus; Suet. 13. Mart. V. viii. 1. cf. 
Eutr. ix. 16. Aurel. Vict, de Caes. 39. 
Sen. Ep. 59, m. PR. R. Daniel vi. 12. 



SAT. IV. 



OF JUVENAL. 



79 



Sed deerat pisci patinae mensura. Vocantur 
Ergo in consilium proceres, quos oderat Ille ; 
In quorum facie miserae magnaeque sedebat 
75 Pallor amicitiae. Primus, clamante Liburno 
" Currite ! jam sedit !" rapta properabat abolla 
Pegasus, adtonitae positus modo villicus Urbi. 
Anne aliud tunc Praefecti ? quorum optimus atque 



Acts xii. 21—23. " O what is it proud 
slime will not believe Of his own worth, 
to hear it equal praised Thus with the 
gods?'' Jonson, Sejanus. G. 

72. Quamvis lata gerat patella rhom- 
bum, rhombus latior est tamen patella ; 
Mart. XIII. Ixxxi. PR. 

73. There cannot be a stronger in- 
stance of the capricious insolence with 
which the tyrants of Rome treated the 
servile and degenerate senate, than their 
being summoned on this paltry occasion. 
LU. cf. Sil. i. 609. Liv. ix. 17. R. 
There is an anecdote of Nero, worthy, 
in every respect, to be placed by the side 
of that in the text. One day, while the 
empire was in a state of revolt, he con- 
vened the senators in haste. And, when 
they were breathless with apprehension 
of some alarming communication, his 
speech from the throne was this, " 'E%iv- 
gtixa <7ru)i 7i vbgaoXig xa) [til^ov xa) i[&f/.s- 
Xtrrtgov <p0&y%&rai." G. 

' He hated them, from a consciousness 
of those feelings with which they could 
not but regard' him.' M. ro fiTo-os xa) 
vr^ai ra yirn, [tiffil yag rov ffvxo<pdvr'/iv 
'ixatrro; xa) rov xaxutrai \<pltrai' xet) 
iTvctt (ZovXirai, ov f^ios7. Arist. Rh. II. 
V. 3. 

74. ' Paleness betraying fear.' LU. cf. 
Suet. 11. and i. 33. PR. Ov. M. ii. 776. 
Tr. III. ix. 18. R. (pofiiga lo~riv ogyn 
o*vva(st,ivwv toisTv ri' xa.) aSix'ta, o~uvaju.iv 
e%ovtret' xa) ra It' aXXu that' xa) oi vgaoi 
xa) t/gavss xa) vravov(>yoi } a^nXot ydg' 
Arist. Rh. II. vi. 2 sq. 

75. ' The crier of the court making 
proclamation.' BR. cf. iii. 240. M. Liv. 
iii. 38. iv. 32. xxxvi. 3. Tac, An. ii. 
28. R. 

76. ' He has taken his seat.' LU. 

' Snatching up his cloak.' iii. 115. GR. 
palmata insignis abolla ; Prud. c. Sym. 
I Ep. xx. PR. Juvenal ridicules this 
Stoic (most of the lawyers were of this 
sect) for being the first to run, in such 
trepidation, at the earliest summons, to 



wait on his lord and master ; whereas 
the disciples of Zeno boasted themselves 
to be free, and kings, and professed to be 
imperturbable, cf. Hor. Ill Od. iii. 1 sqq. 
HN. 

77. Pegasus was a man of such great 
learning that he was called a ' Book ;' 
a most profound lawyer, and an upright 
and worthy magistrate ; he had filled the 
office of consul, had presided over many 
of the provinces with honour to himself 
and satisfaction to the people ; and was 
appointed prefect of the city by Vespasian. 
He is said to have been named after the 
ship of his father, who was trierarch of a 
Liburnian galley. VS. 

Besides the Dacians, who now kept 
the city ' in a constant state of alarm,' the 
Catti, the Sygambri, and other barbarous 
nations, were on the eve of commencing 
hostilities. 147. G. Or ' stupified as one 
thunderstruck.' PR. 

Positus for propositus. R. 

Modo cf. nuper; ii. 160. MNS. 

By the term ' bailiff' we are given to 
understand that the emperors regarded 
Rome as nothing but a large farm, and 
the citizens as no better than so many 
menials and labourers. MNS. cf. iii. 195. 
R. Villicus cerari quondam, nunc cul- 
tor agelli; Tib. Priap. 81. SA. does not 
prove that villicus was synonymous with 
prcefectus, as it is evidently used meta- 
phorically and by way of antithesis. 

78. Tunc ' in those days' i. e. under 
the Flavian family. MNS. cf. Suet. Ves. 
16. R. 

' Prefects of the city' were appointed 
by Romulus, and existed both under the 
regal and the consular government. But 
their authority was so enlarged by Au- 
gustus, that he may be almost considered 
as having instituted them. In this he is 
said to have acted by the advice of 
Maecenas, on whom he first conferred the 
office : and the choice of those whom 
he afterwards appointed to it shows his 
opinion of its importance. The juris- 



80 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. IV. 



Interpres legum sanctissimus, omnia quam quam 
80 Temporibus diris tractanda putabat inermi 
Justitia. Venit et Crispi jucunda senectus, 
Cujus erant mores, qualis facundia, mite 
Ingenium. Maria ac terras populosque regenti 
Quis comes utilior, si elade et peste sub ilia 
85 Saevitiam damnare et honestum afferre liceret 
Consilium ? Sed quid violentius aure tyranni, 
Cum quo de pluviis aut sestibus aut nimboso 
Vere loquuturi fatum pendebat amici ? 
Ille igitur numquam direxit brachia contra 
90 Torrentem, nec civis erat, qui libera posset 
Verba animi proferre et vitam impendere vero. 
Sic multas hyemes atque octogesima vidit 
Solstitia, his armis ilia quoque tutus in aula. 



diction of the prefect was now extended 
a hundred miles beyond the walls. He 
decided in all causes between masters 
and slaves, patrons and clients, guardians 
and wards, &c. : he had the inspection 
of the mints, the regulation of the mar- 
kets, and the superintendence of the 
public amusements. G. 

80. • He was a time-server, not daring 
to wield the sword of Justice with vigour ; 
for since it was impossible to punish the 
greater criminals, he thought it but fair 
to connive at petty offenders.' FA. 

Justice is frequently represented on 
Roman coins 1 unarmed,' with a goblet 
(patera) in one hand and a sceptre in the 
other. R. 

81. Vibius Crispus Placentinus was 
another worthy but cautious man. One 
of his good sayings is preserved by Sue- 
tonius: Domitianus inter initia princi- 
patus, quotidie secretion sibi horarium 
sumere solebat, nec quidquam amplius, 
quam muscas capture, ac stilo prccacuto 
configere; ut cuidam interroganti ' Essetne 
quis intus cum Ccesare?' non absurde re- 
sponsum sit a Vibio Crispo ' Ne muse a 
quidem;' 3. FA. Vibius Crispus, com- 
posit us et j u cund u s, atque delectatione 
natus, privatis tamen causis quam publicis 
melior; Quint, x. 1. PR. Id. v. 13. vi. 2. 
xii. 11. Tac. de Or. 8. 13. An. xiv. 28. 
H. ii. 10. iv. 41. 43. R. Lumina Nes- 
torei mitis prudentia Crispi et Fabius 
Veiento : potent em signat utrumque pur- 



pura ; ter memores impleruut nomine 
fastos, et prope Ccesarei conjinis Acit'uts 
aula ; Statius : V. For the periphrasis 
see v. 39. vii. 35. x. 75. R. h^ov pivot 
'AXm/ooio- Horn. Od. H 167. FA. 

83. ' To the emperor.' LU. 

84. Understand fuisset. 

Scipiadce, c lades Libya; Virg. JE. 
vi. 844. 

85. Cf. Suet. Dom. 10—12. R. 

86. It is dangerous teneras mordaci 
radere vero auriculas; Pers. i. 107. PR. 
" Tyrants' ears, alas, are ticklish things."G. 

88. * Was at stake.' R. 

89. Kai^u XarQSvav pwl? avrivnuv 
avtfAoTtri. LU. " As Sherlock at Temple 
was taking a boat, The waterman ask'd 
him which way he would float. ' Which 
way?' quoth the Doctor, ' you fool, 
with the stream!' To Paul's, or to 
Lambeth, 'twas all one to him." Ob- 
sequio trananlur aquce nec vincere 
possis flumina, si contra, quam rapit 
unda, nates; Ov. A. A. ii. 180 sq. 

91. ' To devote his life to the cause of 
truth.' LU. 

92. Octoginta solstitia would be but 
forty years. PR. 

93. Solstitium is generally put for 
' the summer solstice.' humida solstitia 
atque hyemes orate serenas; Virg. G. i, 
100. R. 

His armis ' by the temporizing arts of 
dissimulation, taciturnity, and obsequious- 
ness.' LU. 



SAT. IV. 



OF JUVENAL. 



si 



Proximus ejusdem properabat Acilius sevi 
95 Cum juvene, indigno, quem mors tarn saeva maneret 
Et domini gladiis tarn festinata : sed olim 
Prodigio par est in nobilitate senectus ; 
Unde fit, ut malim fraterculus esse gigantis. 
Profuit ergo nihil misero, quod cominus ursos 
100 Figebat Numidas, Albana nudus arena 

Venator. Quis enim jam non intelligat artes 
Patricias ? Quis priscum illud miretur acumen, 
Brute, tuum ? Facile est barbato imponere regi. 
Nec melior vultu, quamvis ignobilis, ibat 



' Even in that court : the court of a 
Nero and a Domitian !' LU. 

94. Acilius Glabrio, the father, was of 
consular dignity and a man singulari 
prudentia et fide ; Plin. Ep. i. 14. LU. 
He was banished subsequently to this, 
and then put to death for high treason. 
Suet. 10. PR. Unless these words refer 
rather to Domitius the son. R. 

95. Who this young man was, is 
doubtful. Dio gives an account of one 
Acilius Glabrio, who was put to death by 
Domitian for impiety (attachment to 
1 Jewish customs,' perhaps Christianity), 
and because he had fought in the arena : 
for when he was consul (Trajan was his 
colleague, and they were both young at 
the time,) Domitian sent for him to Alba 
and compelled him to engage a liou 
at the celebration of the Juvenilia : he 
killed the beast ; and, some time after, the 
tyrant put him to death, through envy of 
the applause he had then obtained; lxvii. 
13. G.R. 

96. Domini see 71. 
Olim ' long since.' M. 

97. Prcedictiones vero et prcesensiones 
rerum futurarum quid aliud declarant, 
nisi hominikus ea quce sint, ostendi, mon- 
strari, portendi, praedici? ex quo ilia 
ostenta, monstra, portenta, prodigia di- 
cuntur? Cic. N. D. ii. 3. Div. i. 42. 
PR. 

See note on i^Ureie-r Her. hi. 80. that 
chapter gives a very exact portraiture of 
the Roman tyrant. 

98. The giants ( ynyivui) were fabled 
to be the sons of Titan and Terra ; ' their 
younger brother' therefore would be 
Terrce filius ; an obscure man whose pa- 
rents were unknown, and who might 
seem (like a mushroom) to owe his 



origin to the Earth. LU. Pers. vi. 57 
sqq. PR. ' Their little brother,' other- 
wise I might still chance to incur notice. 
R. jure perhorrui late conspicuum tollere 
verticem ; Hor. Ill Od. xvi. 18 sq. 

99. Suet. Dom. 4. 19. PR. Under- 
stand juveni. LU. Men of rank, and 
even women, entered the arena, either 
voluntarily or by compulsion, (see 95, 
note) for the emperor's amusement, ii. 
143 sqq. viii. 192 sqq. i. 22 sqq. R. 

100. ' Numidian bears ;' (see note on 
' Tuscan boars;' i. 22 sq.) horrid a s pelle 
Liby stidis una; Yirg. 2E. v. 37. 
Herod, iv. 191. (WS.) Mart. I. cv. 5. 
Solin. 29. Strab. Pliny denies that there 
are bears in Africa ; viii. 36. 58. LI. 
But there are weighty authorities against 
him. SA. Dr. Shaw mentions the bear, 
as one of the animals indigenous to 
Africa: Travels, p. 177. LA. 

Nudus cf. i. 23. and ii. 71. where 
it is mentioned as an indication of in- 
sanity. 

101. ' Who is not now alive to the 
arts of patricians?' LU. 

102. * Primitive ; which would not 
pass current in the present day.' LU. 

103. Liv. i. 56. PR. ' It is no such 
hard matter to gull a king with far 
more beard than brains.' G. It was 444 
years before barbers were introduced 
into the city. They first came from 
Sicily. Varr. R. R. ii, nit. Plin. vii. 
59. Gell. iii. 4. Pers. iv. 1. PR. Long 
before the days of Brutus, we have an 
instance of a like device, by which David 
saved himself at the court of Achish king 
of Gath ; 1 Sam. xxi. 10—15. M. vi. 105. 
xvi. 29. R. Men were in those days 
tutifeTs . 

104. « Equally pale.' LU. cf. 75. M. 



M 



82 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. IV. 



105 Rubrius, offensse veteris reus atque tacendse 
Et tamen improbior satiram scribente cinsedo. 
Montani quoque venter adest abdomine tardus, 
Et matutino sudans Crispinus amomo, 
Quantum vix redolent duo funera ; ssevior illo 

110 Pompeius tenui jugulos aperire susurro, 
Et, qui vulturibus servabat viscera Dacis, 
Fuscus, marmorea meditatus proelia villa, 
Et cum mortifero prudens Veiento Catullo, 



' Though ignoble :' for it must be re- 
membered that this lord of the world did 
not consider it derogatory to his dignity 
to impale flies on a bodkin. 

105. Of Rubrius and his ' nameless 
offence' nothing certain is known. 

106. ' More lost to shame than the 
pathic satirist,' had become proverbial. 
GE. cf. xiv. 30. Mart. VI. xxxix. 12. 
Plaut. Aul. III. ii- 8. MNS. ii. 27. Rorn. 
ii. 21 sqq. For improbus see iii. 282. 

107. Curtius Mont anus, (whose un- 
wieldy paunch prepares us for the pro- 
minent part which he is to bear in the 
debate, G.) is mentioned xi. 34. Tac. A. 
xvi. 28 sq. 33. H. iv. 40. PR. But the 
name of Montarius, was a very common 
one. R. 

108. Cf. 1 sqq. LU. i. 26 sqq. R. 

' Morning' has a twofold sense ' ori- 
ental' and ' early in the day.' HO. VS. 
It showed the height of voluptuousness 
to have bathed and anointed at such an 
untimely hour instead of in the afternoon. 
PR. Authority is wanting for the word's 
being used to signify ' eastern.' M. Eurus 
ad Auroram Nabatceaque regna recessit 
Persidaque et radiis juga subdita matu- 
tinis: Vesper et occiduo qua litora 
sole tepescunt, proiima sunt Zephyro; Ov. 
M. i. 61 sqq. is not conclusive. The 
corresponding Greek word m~os or IZos, 
however, has the double meaning, pal- 
lidus eoo thure quod ignis olet ; Mart. III. 
lxv. 8. 

The amomum (Plin. xiii. 1.) is an 
Assyrian shrub with a white flower, of 
which a very costly perfume was made. 
LU. Virg. E. iii. 89. iv. 25. R. The 
precise plant is not ascertained: amomum 
is the Linnaean name for ' the ginger.' 

109. This perfume was one of the 
ingredients used in embalming. LU. 
It was also the practice to place a large 
quantity of aromatics with the body on a 



funeral pile. FA. Pers. vi. 35 sqq. PR. 
St Matt. xxvi. 12. It was originally an 
eastern custom. M. See KI, de Fun. 
Rom. iii. 5. R. vii. 208, note. 

1 10. Of Pompeius nothing further is 
known. R. 

Scevior aperire is a Grecism; FA. as 
qucelibet in quetnvis opprobria Jingere 
savus; Hor. I Ep. xv. 30. R. 

Jugulos aperire * to cut men's throats.' 
(see note on iii. 36.) The noun has both 
a neuter and a masculine form. FA. 

Hence Pliny has insidiantes susurri ; 
Pan. 62. R. cf. iii. 122 sqq. 

111. Corn. Fuscus was slain with a 
great part of his army in an expedition 
against the Dacians, VS. or Catti, which 
Domitian had entrusted him with. Suet. 
6. Tac. H. ii. 86. iii. 4. 12. 42. 66. iv. 4. 
Eutr. \\ljin. PR. Dio lxviii. 9. R. 

' Vultures' are said to resort to a spot, 
where slaughter is to take place, two or 
three days beforehand ! Plin. x. 6. Plut. 
Q. Rom. 93. PR. ' The entrails' are 
the parts which these birds most eagerly 
devour. FA. see Job xxxix. 27 sqq. St 
Matthew xxiv. 28. St Luke xvii. 37. 

' The obsequiousness by which he con- 
trived to prolong his days, served but to 
fatten him for vulture's food.' R. 

Dacia comprehended the modern pro- 
vinces of Transylvania, Moldavia, and 
Wallachia. PR. 

112. ' Studied the art of war (vii. 128.) 
in a marble villa, and not in a tent of 
skins.' PR. 

113. Fabricius Veiento: see iii. 185. 
vi. 113. His wife Hippia eloped with 
Sergius a gladiator, vi. 82. Both he and 
Catullus were of consular dignity. His 
shrewdness was shown by accommodating 
himself to the tyrannical caprices of Do- 
mitian. FA. In the reign of Nero he 
was banished for publishing a jeu d'esprit, 
which he called « Codicils of persons de- 



SAT. IV. 



OF JUVENAL. 



83 



Qui numquam visse flagrabat amore puellae, 
115 Grande et conspicuum nostro quoque tempore monstrum ! 

Csecus adulator dirusque a ponte satelles, 

Dignus, Aricinos qui mendicaret ad axes 

Blaiidaque devexas jactaret basia redae. 

Nenio magis rhombum stupuit : nam plurima dixit 
120 In laevam con versus ; at illi dextra jacebat 

Belua. Sic pugnas Cilicis laudabat et ictus, 



ceased,' in which he had libelled senators, 
and priests, and even the emperor him- 
self. L U. Tac. A. xiv. 50. (L I.) PR. He 
was 1 prudent' enough to obtain the good 
graces of Nerva likewise. When that 
prince was supping with a small party, 
Veieuto lay in his bosom. The conver- 
sation having turned on the enormities of 
Catullus, the emperor exclaimed, '* I 
wonder what would be his fate, were he 
now alive 1" " His fate," replied Junius 
Mauricus, (casting his eyes on Veiento, 
who was little less criminal than Ca- 
tullus,) " his fate," replied he, with the 
dauntless spirit of an old Roman, " would 
be — to sup with us." G. Plin. Ep. iv. 
22. ix. 13. R. 

Catullus Messalinus had well earned 
the epithet here given him : luminibus 
captus, ingenio scevo mala ccecitatis ad- 
diderat ; non verebatur, non erubescebat, 
non miserebatur : quo a Domitiano non 
secus ac tela, qua et ipsa c<sca et improvida 
feruntur, in optimum quemque contorque- 
batur • Plin. Ep. iv. 22. FA. D. Cass, 
lxvii. Joseph. B. J. p. 996 sq. Tac. Ag. 
45. R. His death may be added to the 
innumerable instances of retribution 
which " vindicate the ways of God to 
man." He was afflicted with an incu- 
rable disease, attended by the most ex- 
cruciating and unremitting torture: yet 
the agonies of his body were perfect ease, 
compared to those of his mind. He was 
constantly haunted with the thoughts of 
his past cruelties ; the ghosts of those he 
had accused seemed ever before him, 
and he used to leap from his bed with 
the most dreadful shrieks, as if avenging 
flames had already seized upon it. Worn 
out at length by his mental sufferings, he 
expired one livid mass of putrefaction ! G. 
cf. Her. iv. 205. 

114. Thus giving a practical refutation 
to the proverb : l» <rov ogccv ytyvt<rcu ro 
£g£v. LU. Mart. VIII. xlix. R. 

115. Monstrum horrendum, informe, 



ingens, cui lumen ademptum ; Virg. JE. 
iv. 658. 

4 Even in our ,time, when they are so 
rife.' LU. 

116. He was probably not quite blind : 
otherwise his praise of the turbot could 
not have pleased the tyrant. ACH. 

' Raised from a beggar's station on 
some bridge to be the accursed minister 
of cruelty.' M. xiv. 134. Thus satelles 
audacice, potestatis, scelerum, fyc. Cic. 
Cat. i. 3. Agr. ii. 13. Prov. 3. Quint. 
25. R. Unless these words are rather to 
be connected with the following : dig- 
nusque qui dims fyc. ' the importunate 
sentry of the bridge.' PR. cf. v. 8. 

117. The Aricine hill, without the 
city gate on the Appian road, swarmed 
with beggars, particularly Jews : VS. iii. 
296. so as to become proverbial for it : 
multi Manii Aricue. cf. Pers. vi. 56. 
Mart. II. xix. 3. XII. xxxii. 10. R. 
As the carriages went slowly down hill, 
they were the more exposed to the im- 
portunities of mendicants. T. The mo- 
dern name of Avicia (Hor. I S. v. 1. M.) 
is ' la Riccia.' PR. or ' Nemi.' R. 

118. ' To throw his complimentary 
kisses to the ladies, as they rode in their 
chariots down the hill,' VS. 4 by kissing 
his hand.' SA. iii. 106. M. vi. 584. Apul. 
Met. iv. p. 83. D. Cass. xliv. 8. Luc. 
de Salt. 17. Tac. H. i. 36. Plin. xxviii. 
2. Jobxxxi.27. Hoseaxiii. 2. Whence 
the expression ad or are. R. [Livy xxx, 
16, f. ED.] ' Instead of presuming, as 
now, to approach their lips ; too good to 
be contaminated by such a blind and 
lecherous old dotard.' 114. PR. 

119. ' Professed more astonishment 
and admiration.' M. cf. xiii. 16. 164. 
Sil. v. 202. R. 

121. ' The enormous fish.' LU. 

' In like manner,' i. e. without seeing 
them. LU. 

' Of the Cilician gladiator ;' LU. 
who was a favourite with Domitian. M. 



84 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. IV. 



Et pegma et pueros inde ad velaria raptos. 
Non cedit Veiento, sed, ut fanaticus cestro 
Percussus, Bellona, tuo, divinat et " Ingens 
125 Omen habes" inquit " magni clarique triumphi : 
Regem aliquem capies, aut de temone Eritanno 
Excidet Arviragus : peregrina est belua : cernis 
Erectas in terga sudes ?" Hoc defuit unum 



122. Tlwyftct ' stage machinery,' by sit- 
ting on which boys were suddenly raised 
to a considerable height. LI. The precise 
nature of this self-moving framework it 
is very difficult to ascertain: but we may 
suppose that it resembled a mountain, a 
tower, or the like, and, by rising or sink- 
ing suddenly, changed into some other 
form ; not very dissimilar to the changes 
in a modern pantomime. K. It appears 
that slaves and malefactors were some- 
times thrown from them to the wild- 
beasts. Pha?d. V. vii. 6. Mart. Sp. xvi. 
Suet. Cal. 26. Claud. 34. Sen. Ep. 88 
sqq. Plin. xxxiii. 3. R. Mart. Sp. ii. 2. 
Claud. Cons. Fl. Mall. Theod. 320 sqq. 
PR. This was always a favourite ex- 
hibition. Calp. vii. 23 sqq. G. 

The Roman Theatres were open at the 
top : during the performance, however, 
they were usually covered with a large 
awning stretched across with cords, G. 
as a shelter from sun or rain : FA. be- 
sides which, by keeping the spectators in 
the shade, a stronger light was thrown 
upon the stage. Plin. xix. 1. R. The 
ceiling of the Theatre at Oxford is painted 
in imitation of this. 

P23. ' Does not yield in admiration.' 
LU. 

' One inspired.' LU. ii. 112. PR. 

cTiar^oi or f^vu^/, in Latin tabanus or 
usilus, here used metaphorically for ' sti- 
mulus,' is a species of stinging fly, which, 
in the summer, almost dnves cattle mad : 
LU. ' a gadfly.' M. Varr. R. R. 5. Plin. 
ix. 15. Virg. G. lii. 146 sqq. PR. Plin. 
xi. 16. 28. V. Flacc. hi. 581. R. 

124. Bellona, the goddess of war, was 
the sister of Mars. Her priests wor- 
shipped her with offerings of their own 
blood ; and were then gifted with prophe- 
tic inspiration. Some think her the same 
as Minerva. LU. Virg. M. viii. 703. 

126. This ' monarch' may be a sar- 
castical allusion to Decebalus, whose 
name could not be brought into the 
verse, but whose actions were the oppro- 



brium of Domitian's reign. He opposed 
the emperor in the Dacian war, in which 
Puscus fell, and was an enemy far from 
contemptible. G. 

' The pole of the sithed car' is put for 
the chariot itself. LU. But the Britons 
used to run along the pole, and fight 
from it. Cajs. B. G- iv. 33. PR. cf. Virg. 
G. iii. 204. Prop. II. i. 76. R. 

127. 'Shall some Arviragus be hurled!' 
Arviragus (according to the monkish fa- 
bles) was the younger son of Cymbeline, 
and began his reign in the fourth year of 
Claudius, whose daughter he married. 
He then revolted from his father, was 
brought back to his duty by Vespasian, 
reigned many years in great glory, and left 
hiscrown to his son, a prince not less valor- 
ous and rather more wise than his father. 
HO. According to Polydore Virg. he was 
either converted to Christianity by Joseph 
of Arimathaea, or allowed him and his 
followers to settle at Glasgow, with per- 
mission to preach the Gospel. There is 
sarcasm in this mention of the Britons, 
whose subjugation many eminent generals 
(Vespasian among the rest) had failed 
in : and the only chance of their reduc- 
tion was now destroyed by the recall of 
Agricola. Tac. Ag. 13 sqq. R. Some chief 
is probably alluded to, who made himself 
formidable to the Romans after this recall : 
OW. the Arviragus above mentioned 
was dead. G. He is said to have reigned 
from 45 to 73 A.D. The latter date is 
eight years before Domitian's accession. 

' Being a foreign monster, it denotes a 
foreign king.' LU. 

128. ' The sharp fins sticking up on 
his back 1 Thus shall thy bristling spears 
stand erect in the backs of thy foes.' LU. 
Pointed stakes, charred at the ends, were 
used in rude warfare. PR. jam castra 
hostium oppugnabantur : saxhque et siidi- 
bus et omni get/ere telorum submovebantur 
a vallo Roman i i Liv. xxxiv. 15. see 
vi. 247, note. "All with arrows 
quilled, and clothed with blood As 



SAT. IV. 



OF JUVENAL. 



85 



Fabricio, patriam ut rhombi memoraret et annos. 

130 " Quidnam igitur censes? Conciditur?" " Absit ab illo 
Dedecus hoc !" Montanus ait. " Testa alta paretur, 
Quae tenui muro spatiosum colligat orbem. 
Debetur magnus patinas subitusque Prometheus. 
Argillam atque rotam citius properate; sed ex hoc 

135 Tempore jam, Caesar, figuli tua castra sequantur." 
Vicit digna viro sententia. Noverat ille 
Luxuriam imperii yeterem noctesque Neronis 
Jam medias aliamque famem, quum pulmo Falerno 
Arderet. Nulli major fuit usus edendi 

140 Tempestate mea. Circeis nata forent an 



with a purple garment, he sustained The 
unequal conflict ;" Southey, Madoc, vi. 

130. The emperor now puts the ques- 
tion to the senate in due form. M. 

131. * A deep dish.' Vitellius in prin- 
cipatu ducentis sestertiis condidit pa ti- 
ll am, cui jaciendce fornax in campis 
cedificata erat : quoniam eo pervenit luxu- 
ria, utjictilia pluris constent quam mur- 
rhina ; Plin. xxxv. 12. quam oh immen- 
sam magnitudinem clvpeum Miner vae 
alyi^a sr oX i e v %o u dictitabat; Suet. 
Vit. 13. PR. xi. 19 sq. Quamvis lata 
gerat patella rhombum, rhombus latior est 
tamen patella ; Mart. XIII. Ixxxi. R. 
The silver dish of Vitellius had been pre- 
served as a sacred deposit, but Adrian 
showed his good sense by having it melted 
down. G. 

132. The thinness of the earthen ware 
(according to Pliny) constituted its excel- 
lence. LU. 

Orbem; cf. i. 137. R. 

133. ' Some potter no less cunning in 
his craft, than was Prometheus the son of 
Iapetus, who gave proof of his skill by 
forming the first man out of clay.' Ov. JVI. 
i. 80 sqq. LU. PR. cf. vi. 13. xiv. 35. 
xv. 85. Hor. I Od. iii. 29 sqq. xvi. 13 
sqq. iEsch. P. V. See also note on vi. 
110. R. 

Subitus, or the fish would be spoilt. PR. 

134. Hor. A. P. 22. Figlinas invenit 
Chorozbus Atheniensis, in iis orbem Anachar- 
sis Scythes, ut alii, Hyperbius Corinthiiis ; 
Plin. vii. 56. PR. Pers. iii. 23 sq. 22. 
' Clay' is the material, and' a solid wheel,' 
revolvinghorizontally.theengineon which 
the potter forms his ware. Jer. xviii. 3 
sqq. At Ecclus. xxxviii. 29 sq. 



136. H(£c sententia vicit; Liv. xxxvii. 
19. ii. 4. xlii. 47. R. see notes on yvaptiv 
Her. i. 61. and Wixa' vi. 101. 

137. ■ Of the court :' EL ' of former 
emperors.' M. 

' Nero's nights ;' epulas a medio die ad 
mediam no c tern protrahebat : refotus 
icepius calidis piscinis ac tempore cestivo 
yiivaiis; Suet. 27. LU. Tac. A. xvi. 20. 
R. cf. A. xiii. 20. and vi. 102 sq. HN. 

138. * Provocatives and restoratives 
of the jaded appetite.' PR. See note 
on 67. 

' Falernian' was a fiery full-bodied 
wine of Campania. Plin. xiv. 6. xxii. 1. 
PR. Whence its epithets: acre; xiii. 
216. indomitum ; Pers. iii. 3. Luc. x. 
163. ardens; Mart. IX. lxxiv. 5. XIV. 
cxiii. Hor. II Od. xi. 19. severum; I Od. 
xxvii. 9. forte; II S. iv. 24. To soften 
its austerity it was mixed with Chian ; 
Tib. II. i. 28. Ath. i. 20. R. 

The lungs are considerably affected by 
excess in liquor. GR. 

139. ' No one better understood the 
practice, as well as the theory, of gor- 
mandizing than Montanus.' LU. Crispus 
must have been at least an equal profi- 
cient in the science of good eating, as he 
was the favourite of Vitellius and the 
constant companion of his scandalous ex- 
cesses. D. Cass. lxv. 2. G. 

140. The wanton luxury of the Romans 
may be discerned from the variety of their 
oysters, which were brought from every 
sea. HO. Ostreis et conchy liis omnibus con- 
tingit, ut cum luna crescant pariterpariter' 
que decrescant; Cic.Div.ii.33. ostrece senes- 
cente lunainuberes, macrce,tenues,exsucc(E; 
crescente, pinguescunt ; Gell. xx. 7. luna 



86 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. IV. 



Lucrinum ad saxum Rutupinove edita fundo 
Ostrea, callebat primo deprendere morsu; 
Et semel adspecti litus dicebat echini. 
Surgitur et misso proceres exire jubentur 

145 Consilio, quos Albanam dux magnus in arcem 
Traxerat adtonitos et festinare coactos, 
Tamquam de Cattis aliquid torvisque Sygambris 
Dicturus, tamquam et diversis partibus orbis 
Anxia praecipiti venisset epistola pinna. 

150 Atque utinam his potius nugis tota Ille dedisset 
Tempora ssevitise, claras quibus abstulit Urbi 



alii ostrea et implet echinos ; Lucil. lubrica 
nascentes implent conch ylia lunce ; Hor. II 
S. iv. 30. Plin. ii. 41. Ath. iii. 13. The 
Tarentine are extolled by Varro, R. R. 
iii. 3. and Gellius, vii. 16. the Lucrine 
are preferred by Seneca, Ep. 79. and 
Pliny, ix. 54 s 79. Circeeis autem ostreis 
caro testaque nigra sunt ; his autem neque 
dulciora neque teneriora esse ulla compel-' 
turn est ; Id. xxxii. 6 s 21. murice Baiano 
melior Lucrina peloris: ostrea Circeiis, 
Miseno oriuntur echini ; pectinibus patulis 
jactat se molle Tarentum; Hor. II S. iv. 
32 sqq. PR. cf. eund. ii. 31 sqq. Pers. vi. 
24. Plin. ix. 18 s 32. Macr. S. ii. 11. iii. 
16. V. Max. ix. 1. Col. viii. 16. Varr. 
R. R. iii. 17. Sen. Helv. 10. R. 

The town of Circeii in Campania, with 
its neighbouring promontory(now • Monte 
Circello'), was named after the famous 
enchantress Circe, the daughter of Sol 
and Perseis, and aunt of Medea. 

141. The Lucrine lake is between 
Baias and Puteoli. Plin. iii. 5. PR. Hor. 
Ep. ii. 49. Mart. VI. xi. XII. xlviii. R. 

Edita is the same as nata; 140. R. 

Fundo ' in the bed of the sea,' LU. at 
RutupicB, now ' Richborough' in Kent. 
FA. 

1 43. « At first sight.' M. 

Echinus piscis est marinus e genere can- 
crorum, spinis hirsutus,quibus et se tuetur, 
instar hericii, qui echinus est terrestris, 
sicut echinus marinus est hericius. Echino 
spince pro pedibus sunt, ingredi est in orbem 
convolvi ; or a in medio corpore ad terram 
versa ; scevitiam maris pressagire traditur; 
Plin. ix. 31 s 51. Athenaeus tells a laugh- 
able story of a Laconian,who, hearing they 
were delicious eating but never having 
seen any of them at table before, put one 
into his mouth, shell, prickles, and all. 



Though he soon found to his cost what 
an awkward mouthful it was, his Spartan 
obstinacy would not allow of his putting 
it out again ; but he made a solemn vow 
that this should be the last ' sea-urchin' 
he ever tasted ; iii. 13. PR. 

144. Misso for dimisso. The consul 
used to dismiss the senate in the following 
words ' Nil vos moramur, Patres Con- 
scripti.' LU. 

145. Cf. 61. R. ' The great chief 
i. e. * the emperor.' LU. 

146. ' Had dragged them' against their 
will. LU. 72 sqq. PR. 

Adtonitos ; 77. 

1 47. The Catti occupied the territories 
of Hesse : the Sygambri those of Guel- 
ders. cf. Suet. Dom. 2. 6. 13. PR. and 
Euseb. Dio liv. 20. 22. 32. Flor. iv. 
12. Oros. vi. 21. The latter are termed 

feroces ; Hor. IV Od. ii. 34. ccede gau- 
dentes; lb. xiv. 51. Tacitus says of the 
Germans, habitus corporum idem omnibus : 
truces et ccerulei oculi ; 4. Cattorum hcee 
prima semper acies, visu torva ; 31. R. 

148. ' In order to communicate.' R. 

149. If a consul transmitted to Rome the 
news of a victory, a small branch of bay 
was stuck in the letter ; (Plin. H. N. 
xxxv. extr. Pan. 8.) if he sent intel- 
ligence of any reverses, he inserted ' a 
feather.' VS. [The latter part is question- 
able.] Couriers wore feathers in their 
caps ; when they brought good news they 
wore a white feather, (libelli quos rumor 
alba vehit penna ; Mart. X. iii. 10.) and 
a black one when the news was bad, 
(nullaque fumosa signatur lancea penna ; 
Stat. S. V. i. 93. where fumosa ' dingy' 
is a correction of famosa.) PL. Or, sim- 
ply, ' with precipitate haste.' R. 

151. Suet. 10. 11. 15. PR. 



iv. OF JUVENAL. 87 

lllustresque animas impune et vindice nullo ! 
Sed periit, postquam cerdonibus esse timendus 
Coeperat : hoc nocuit Lamiarum caede madenti. 



152. 'l<p6'tfiovs »x Horn. II. A 
3. R. 

153. Cerdo (from xtfios ' lucre') ' a 
cobbler, or any low mechanic' The 
assassins of Domitian were men of low 
birth ; Suet. xx. 14. 17. LU. ' A Ple- 
beian,' Pers. iv. 51. PR. as opposed to 
Patricians; viii. 182. cf. iii. 294. R. 
" Of her noblest citizens deprived, Rome 
daily mourned — and yet the wretch 
survived, And no avenger rose ; but 
when the low And base-born rabble 
came to fear the blow, And cobblers 
trembled — then, to rise no more, He 
fell still reeking with the L a m i a n gore." 
BM. Beaumont and Fletcher have imi- 
tated or rather translated these lines : 
" Princes may pick their suffering nobles 
out, And one by one, employ them to 
the block; But when they once grow 
formidable to Their clowns, and cobblers, 
ware then !" G. 

154. « This was fatal.' LU. 

The Lamian family was a noble branch 
of the iElian clan : from which the im- 



perial family of the Antonines also sprung. 
They traced their descent from Lamus 
king of the Laestrygones. Hor. Ill Od. 
xvii. 1 sqq. One of this ancient house 
was among Domitian's many victims ; 
LU. the tyrant, before he came to the 
throne, had taken away his wife Doinitia 
Longina : M. Suet. 1. and put him to 
death, subsequently, ob suspiciosos quidem, 
verum et veteres et innoxios jocos', Id. 10. 
PR. cf. vi. 385. 

This is a severe reflexion on the pusil- 
lanimity of the Patricians who tamely sub- 
mitted to such cruelties and indignities.P-R. 
The exultation, with which the poet men- 
tions the prompt and decisive vengeance 
of the lower orders, shows that he felt 
proud in being one of them, and seems 
intended to convey a salutary, but awful 
lesson, both to the oppressors and to the 
oppressed. G. This satire proves that 
Juvenal survived Domitian ; who was 
assassinated in the forty-fifth year of his 
age and the sixteenth of his reign, and 
was succeeded by Nerva, 96 A.D. M, 



SATIRE V. 



ARGUMENT. 

In this excellent Satire, Juvenal takes occasion, under pretence of advising 
one Trebius to abstain from the table of Virro, a man of rank and 
fortune, to give a spirited detail of the mortifications to which the poor 
were subjected by the rich, at those entertainments to which, on account 
of the political connexion subsisting between patrons and clients, it was 
sometimes thought necessary to invite them. 

He represents even a beggar's life as one of independence compared with 
that of a parasite, 1 — 11. The supercilious patron thinks an occasional 
invitation to be a payment in full of all his client's services; 12 — 23. 
and yet, when at the great man's board, poor Trebius meets with nothing 
but mortifications and affronts. The host has all the luxuries of the 
season — a variety of fine old wines, 30 — 37. iced water, 49 sq. excellent 
white bread, 70 sqq. a magnificent lobster, 80 sqq. surmullet, 92 — 98. 
lamprey, 99 — 102. giblets, 114. poultry, 115. wild-boar, 116. truffles, 
116 sqq. mushrooms, 147 sq. &c. &c. and a delicious dessert; 149 — 152. 
not to mention the splendid service of plate, 37 — 45. and the osten- 
tatious retinue of pampered menials : 40. 56 sqq. 67- 72 sqq. 83. 120 sqq. 
while you are put at the bottom of the table among a vulgar and quarrel- 
some set of fellows, 25 — 29. and — one can hardly call it — served by 
some ill-conditioned underlings, 40 sq. 52 — 55. 66 sq. 73 — 75. with 
vile wine 24 sqq. in a cracked mug,46 — 48. bad water, 52. infamous 
bread, 67 sqq — crab and eggs to correspond, 84 sq. stale cabbage and 
rancid oil, 86 — 91. an eel — the sight of which is enough ! 103. and a 
well-fed fish — caught in the common sewer, 104 sq. a dish of toadstools, 
146. and two or three half-rotten apples, 153 — 155. Besides all this, 
you must not open your lips, either to make any observation, 125 sqq. 
or to call for what you want, 60 sqq. or to ask your patron to take wine, 
129 — 131. Money forms h i s criterion of merit. 132 — 137, especially 
where there is any chance of that money being one day his, 137 — 145. 
Towards his poor acquaintance he behaves just as if he derived amuse- 
ment from tantalizing and insulting them, 156 sqq. If they have the 
meanness to submit to such treatment, they deserve still worse, 161 — 173. 

A train of manly indignation pervades the whole ; and there is scarcely 
a single trait of insult and indignity here mentioned, which is not to be 
found animadverted upon, with more or less severity, in the writers of 
that age. 

With this Satire may be compared, Pliny II Ep. vi. Athenseus vi. 5 — 18. 
Petronius Sat. 31. Lucian *t(i rZv tiri ftitrSu <rwevruv. and several passages 
in the old comedy of The Supposes, by G. Gascoigne. G. R. 



sat. v. THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL, 89 



Si te propositi nondum pudet atque eadem est mens, 
Ut bona summa putes, aliena vivere quadra ; 
Si potes ilia pati, quae nec Sarmentus iniquas 
Cassaris ad mensas nec vilis Galba tulisset : 
Quamvis jurato metuam tibi credere testi. 
Ventre nihil novi frugalius. Hoc tamen ipsum 
Defecisse puta, quod inani sufficit alvo : 
Nulla crepido vacat ? nusquam pons et tegetis pars 
Dimidia brevior? Tantine injuria ccenas? 



1. In the person of Trebius the poet 
attacks parasites generally. « If you can 
put up with the indignities which the pam- 
pered great think fit to bestow on their 
humble companions, you must be so lost 
to all sense of honour and gentlemanly 
feeling that 1 should hesitate to believe 
you on your oath.' JR. 

2. To aya.fbv, ' supreme happiness.' 
LU. 

' At another's board.' Quadra some- 
times signified ' a trencher,' sometimes ' a 
flat cake or large biscuit ; which, when 
divided into quarters, was used as a 
trencher.' Hor. I Ep. xvii. 49. Adorea 
liba svbjiciunt epulis: consumptis aliis, ut 
vertere morsus in Cereale solum penuria 
adegit edendi, et violare manu malisque 
audacibus orbem fatalis crusti, patulis nec 
par cere quadris: " Hens! etiam mensas 
consumimusV inquit lulus; Virg. 2E. 
vii. 109 &c. iii. 257. PR. cf. i. 137. 
Virg. Mor. 48 sq. sectce quadra placente ; 
Mart. III. lxxvii. 3. VI. Ixxv. 1. IX. 
xci. 18. XII. xxxii. 18. R. 

3. Si potes ista pati, si nil perferre 
recusas; Mart. XI. xxiii. 15. pugix sW/v 
u<p'o(>Yira. av$g) iv ex.lra.7s n^ri to.Ts 
cuvovtriuis yiyvof/.tva.' Luc. 1 3. vroXXu, itovuv 

16. R. 

Sarmentus was a Tuscan slave who 
had run away from his mistress : he fell 
in the way of Maecenas, and, happening 
to please him by his coarse humour, was 
taken into his train, and afterwards ad- 
mitted into the household of Augustus, 
with whom he became a favourite. In 
the decline of life he was reduced by 
his dissipation and extravagance to a 
state of destitution. Hor. I S. v. 51 
sqq. VS. G. o o*\ Zugftsvros ruv Kaiffa,- 
gos fcttyv'iuv <7tu.ib6i.giQv, & o* A k ixi K{ 



'Paftctioi aaXoveriv' Plut. Ant. t. i. p. 943 

D, R. 

' Uneven;' where all the guests were 
not treated alike. BRO. 

4. CcEsaris — vilis ; ' vile as he was' — 
* even at an emperor's table.' LU. 

Apicius Galba was a notorious buffoon 
in the days of Tiberius and Augustus. 
VS. He is often mentioned by Martial : 
LU. I. xlii. 16. X. ci. PR. Quint, vi. 

3. R. 

5. Jurato is used as the past participle 
of a deponent verb. LU. hijurato plus 
credet mild, quam jurato tibi; Plaut. 
Amph. I. i. jurato mihi credo ; Cic. Att. 
xiii. 28. prooem. Act. i. in Verr. PR. 

6. ' I know of nothing sooner satisfied 
than the belly.' Natura paucis est con- 
tenta : parvo fames constat, magno fasti- 
dium ; Sen. LU. dives opis natura sua?, 
si tu modo recte dispensare velis ; Hor. 
I S. ii. 73 sq. PR. Sen. Ep. 17. 114. 
119 &c. R. discite quam parvo liceat pro- 
ducere vitam, et quantum natura petat ; 
Luc. iv. 377. " But would men think 
with how small allowance Untroubled 
nature doth herself suffice, Such super- 
fluity they would despise As with sad 
care impeach their native joys ;" Spen- 
ser. G. 

7. ' But even supposing a man to 
want this little that is absolutely needed.' 
LU. 

8. Crepido is ' a raised foot-way,' or 
' a niche,' LU. iii. 296. PR. or * a quay.' 
Curt. iv. 5. GR. 

Pons, see iv. 116. PR. xiv. 134. R. 
Teges, ' a rug' or ' mat.' LU. VS. vi. 
117. vii. 221. ix. 140. Mart. VI. xxxix. 

4. IX. xciii. 3. XI. xxxiii. 2. lvii. 5. Plin. 
xxi. 18. Varr. R. R. i. 22. R. 

9. « Do you set such a value on a 
supper so insulting V LU. 



N 



90 THE SATIRES sat. v. 

10 Tam jejuna fames, quum pol sit honestius, illic 

Et tremere et sordes farris mordere canini ? 
Primo fige loco, quod tu discumbere jussus 

Mercedem solidam veterum capis officiorum. 

Fructus amicitise magna? cibus. Imputat hunc rex 
15 Et, quamvis rarum, tamen imputat. Ergo duos post 

Si libuit menses neglectum adhibere clientem, 

Tertia ne vacuo cessaret culcita lecto ; 

" Una simus" ait. Votorum summa ! Quid ultra 

Quaeris? Habet Trebius, propter quod rumpere somnum 
20 Debeat et ligulas dimittere, sollicitus, ne 

Tota salutatrix jam turba peregerit orb em 

Sideribus dubiis aut illo tempore, quo se 



10. Jejuna fames; Ov. M. viii. 791. 

11. 

Pol 4 i' faith ; ' as edepol, ccastor, mecastor, 
hercle,mehercle ; R. which were oaths by 
the heroes Pollux, Castor, and Hercules. 

Illic ' in the niche or on the bridge.' 
GRJE. 

11. ' Shiver and shake ;' not altogether 
with the cold, but as a trick to excite 
compassion. Hence perhaps tremens 
Judcea ; vi. 543. GR. 

4 A filthy piece of brown barley bread, 
which was chucked out for the dogs.' cf. 
ix. 122. PR. Mart. X. v. 5. R. 

12. • Bear it in mind :' nostras intra te 
Jige querelas ; ix. 94. animis hcec mea fgite 
dicta Virg. Ai. iii. 250. R. 

4 When invited to take a place at table.' 
Convenere toris jussi discumbere pictis ; 
Virg. M. i. 708. M. 

13. 4 Entire :' GRJE. partem solido 
demere de die; Hot. I Od. i. 20. 

Veterum ' of long standing:' for ser- 
vices 4 of so many days and months and 
years.' GRsE. 

14. * All you get by friendship with 
the great.' M. i. 33. iv. 20. 74. R. 

Hunc i. e. cibum. LU. 

' Takes into the account.' LU. vi. 179. 
Mart. X. xxx. 26. XII. xlviii. 13. lxxxiv. 
4. Suet. Tib. 53. Phaed. I. xxii. 8. R. 

Rex 4 a noble patron.' LU. 130. M. i. 
136. PR. 

16. Te mensis adhibet ; Hor. IV Od. 
v. 32. R. 

17. 4 He invites you merely as a stop- 
gap, being disappointed of one that was 
originally to have been of the party.' LU. 



aXX' m Tis ecXXas Iwao'iXfy nuXtirri^es , Is 
Tohir'iau erv, xcc) ovtus Is rhv arif&ordryv 
•yuviccv \\ua6Cis x.x<ruxu7tti ftctgrus fiovos 
tZv <7ra.(>a.(pz£0[ji.Uu>v Luc. 26. R. 

18. An unceremonious mode of invita- 
tion : hodie apud me sis volo; Ter. Heaut. 
1. i. 110. PR. 

Votorum summa ; cf. 2. 

19. Trebius is the parasite with whom 
Juvenal is remonstrating. PR. 39. 43. 
99. 128. 134. 156. ix. 35. R. 

' A compensation for broken si umbers.' 
This is of course said ironically, cf. 76 
sqq. Mart. 111. xxxvi. FA. iii. 127 sqq. M. 

20. Ligula means not only ' a latchet 
or shoestring,' but any tie used to fasten 
any part of the dress, 4 laces, points, 
garters, braces, &c.' M. It may be 
either derived from ligare; VS. or a dimi- 
nutive of lingua ; Festus. P-R. 4 To go 
loose and slip-shod.' G. 

21. Cf. i. 96. 117. 127. 132. PR. iv. 
62. 4 Shall have gone its rounds to 
salute its various patrons.' vaXXk ^a^a^w* 
Luc. 10. Nigr. 22. discursus 1 l. 86. ft* 
or 4 Shall have completed its circle at 
the levee, so as to leave no room for 
you.' LU. 

22 . 44 Macb. What is the night? Lady 
M. Almost at odds with morning, which 
is which ;" Shakspeare Macb. III. iv. 
M. Jumque sub Eoce dubios Atlantidis 
ignes albet ager ; V. Flacc. ii. 72 sq. et 
jam curriculo nigram Nox roscida metam 
stringebat, nec se thalamis Tithonia conjux 
protulerat stabatque nitens in limine primo ; 
cum minus abnuerit noctem desisse viator, 
qaam coepisse diem ; Sil. v. 24 sqq. R. 



SAT. V. 



OF JUVENAL. 



91 



Frigida circumagant pigri sarraca Boota?. 
Qualis ccena tamen? Vinum, quod sucida nolit 



23. ' At the latter part of the night, 
immediately preceding the break of day 
BRI.GR.' when only the most northern 
constellations are seen revolving.' Bootes 
and the two Bears never sink below our 
horizon, and therefore were fabled to be 
the only stars that never dipped in the 
ocean. [tioovvxr'iois Tof u^uis, or^'z- 
(fir a. i or a^xros flow xa.ro, %uga riiv 
TSoarow Anac. iii. 1 sqq. a/jtos 2) orp'itpsrai 
fisoovvxrtov Is 2votv aoxros * ClPtuva xar 
aurot' Theoc xxiv. 11 sq. which pas- 
sages favour those who interpret this line 
to mean ' even at midnight.' VS. LU. 
cum jam jiectant Icarii sidera tarda boves; 
Prop. II. xxxiii. 23 sq. serus versare boves 
et plaustra Bootes; III. iv. 35. site est 
Arctophylax sive est pig er ille Bootes; 
Ov. F. iii. 405. M. ii. 172. x. 446 sqq. 
Tr. 1. iii. 47 sq. Mart. VIII. xxi. 3 sq.jam 
Phabum itrgere monebat non idem eoi 
color cetheris, albaque nondum lux rubet et 
Jiammas propioribus eripit astris, et jam 
Pleias hebet.fessi jam plaustra Bootee in 
faciem puri redeunt languentia caeli, ma- 
joresque latent stellce, calidumque refugit 
Lucifer ipse diem; Luc. ii. 719 sqq. 236 
sq. iv. 521 sqq. V. Flacc. vii. 456 sq. 
Sen. Med. 314 sqq. Tro. 440 sqq. H. F. 
125 sqq. Jam node suprema ante novos 
ortus, xdn sola superstite plaustra Arctos 
ad Oceanum fugientibus invidet ustris ; 
Stat. Th. iii. 633 sqq. Virg. G. iii. 381. 
JE. i. 744. The fourteen stars near the 
north pole were at first called triones 
i. e. teriones * oxen' (from terere), and 
*fta%eu ' wains' (iii. 255. Quint, viii. 3.) 
from some fancied resemblance ; after- 
wards 'EXlxn and xwooovoa ' the greater 
and lesser Bear' aoxros piyaXn and 
fitx^a, names probably invented by the 
Arcadians from a^xros meaning both « a 
bear' and ' the north.' And hence, as 
well as from the similarity of the words 
Areas and Arctos, arose the fable of Areas 
and his mother Callisto being changed 
into bears and translated to heaven. 
The constellation which seemed to follow 
and guide these was at first called Bourns 
' the ox-driver,' and afterwards 'Agx- 
retQvXaZ, ' the bearward.' Arctophylax, 
vnlgo qui dicitur esse Bootes, quod quasi 
temone adjnnctum pr<s se quatit Arctum ; 
Cic. N. D. ii. 42. * Cold' either from 
the chilliness of the air before day-break, 
or from being in the northern heavens : 



and ' slow' either from the effects of cold, 
pigra hiberncefrigora noctis ; Tib. I. ii. 29. 
or from the ordinary pace of herdsmen, 
tardi venere bubulci ; Virg. E. x. 19. or 
as nearer the centre of motion. R. VS. 
LU.PR. M. 

"JZatisv r$ iito xuouvi IZavaora;, a<ro- 
enoaftivos rov vttvov rb 'Jioiorov, evp-xiQi- 
h)i avu xa) xi.ru, %rt rov fcSi&v -tyiXov 
$%uv Ivr) roTv oxiXoTv' Luc. 24. ov V 
aSXios, ra (Jkv tragaogaftuv, ra o\ (loon? 
avavra troXXa xa) xa.ra.vra ( roiavrt] yap, 
us oZoSa, h Tl'oXis ) Ti^nXSuv Toguxas T6 xa) 
Tvivortas' 26. vfoXv ol rovruv ol tpoo- 
lovrss alro) xa) fagavrivovrss yiXoionpof 
vuxros f&lv l%avjoru/&ivoi (tAo'/is, ir%oi6kavnt 
ol iv xuxXui rbv vroXiv xa) ttp^s ruv olxiruv 
aToxXnoftivot, xvvis xa) x'oXaxis xa) ra 
roiavra axovav vrfof&lvovrzs' y'-oas ol rns 
TTixpas ravrris ahrols &sgto&ou ro tyoorixov 
Ixiivo 2>u<7rvov xa) vroXXuv a'lriov ovfttyoouv' 
Id. Nigr. 22. R. 

24. Tonsurce tempus inter crquinoctium 
vernum et solstitium, quum sudare in- 
ceperunt oves; a quo sudor e recens lana 
tonsa sucida appellata est. Tonsas 
recentes eodem die perungunt vino et oleo : 
non nemo admixta cera alba et adipe 
suitlo ; Varr. R. R. II. xi. 6. This wine 
was not even good enough for such a 
purpose : GR. or it was too thick for the 
wool to imbibe it. LU. cf. Plin. xxix. 2. 
ruv aXXosv wo'itrrav ri xa) TaXaiorarov 
oivov Tivovrwv, /xo'vos ov Tovyoo'v riva xa) 
tra%vv tivus' Luc. 26. Mart. I. xxi. 
II. xlii. III. lx. IV. lxxxvi. VI. xi. R. 
That these are not merely poetical ex- 
aggerations is evident from the following 
passage : " I supped lately with a person 
with whom I am by no means intimate, 
who, in his own opinion, treated us with 
much splendid frugality ; but according 
to mine, in a sordid yet expensive manner. 
Some very elegant dishes were served up 
to himself and a few more of us ; while 
those which were placed before the rest 
of the company were extremely cheap 
and mean. There were in small bottles, 
three different sorts of wine ; not that the 
guests might take their choice, but that 
they might not have an option in their 
power. The best was for himself and 
his friends of the first rank ; the next for 
those of a lower order ; aind the third for 
his own and his guests' freedmen. One 
who sat near me took notice of this cir- 



92 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. V. 



25 Lana pati : de conviva Corybanta videbis. 
Jurgia proludunt ; sed mox et pocula torques 
Saucius et rubra deterges vulnera mappa, 
Inter vos quoties libertorumque cohortem 
Pugna Saguntina fervet commissa lagena. 

30 Ipse capillato diffusum consule potat 

Calcatamque tenet bellis socialibus uvam, 
Cardiaco numquam cyathum missurus amico. 



cumstance, and asked me how I approved 
of itl Not at all, I replied. Pray then, 
said he, what is your method on such 
occasions ? When I make an invitation, 
I replied, all are served alike : I invite 
them with a design to entertain, not to 
affront them ; and those I think worthy 
of a place at my tahle, I certainly think 
worthy of every thing it affords:" Plin. 
Ep. ii. 6. G. PR. 

25. ' The bad wine will presently dis- 
order you :' VS. ' and you will become as 
frantic as one of the priests of Cybele.' 
PR. 

26. iii. 288. xv. 51 sq. ' Wranglings 
from the prelude.' B. Prolusio is pro- 
perly the flourishing of their weapons by 
fencers before they engage.' M. 

Cf. Prop. III. viii. 1 sqq. V. Flacc. 
v. 581. R. ?iatis in usum Icetitice scy- 
phis pugnare, Thracum est: tollite bar- 
barian morem, vcrecundumque Bacchnm 
sanguincis prohibete rixis ; Hot. I Od. 
xxvii. 1 sqq. PR. 

27. Saucius ; therefore ' in retaliation 
and self-defence.' 

' Red with the blood of your broken 
head.' VS. 

28. ' The freedmen' were sometimes 
admitted to the lower end of great men's 
tables. PR. Pers. vi. 23. R. ' Corps' 
denotes not only the numbers, M. but 
the pugnacious spirit of these insolent 
knaves. 

29. ' A cheap earthen pitcher,' made 
at Saguntum (now ' Murviedro' i. e. ' the 
Old Walls') in Spain. LU. BRI. AN. 
cf. xiv. 271. Saguntina poculajicta Into; 
Mart. IVr. xlvi. 15. VIII. vi. 2. XIV. 
cviii. Plin. xxxv. 12 s 46. The town 
is celebrated in history for its obstinate 
and desperate resistance when besieged 
by Hannibal. Li v. xxi. 6 sqq. PR. R. 
From this place a common sort of wine 
was also imported. VS. 

30. ' When consuls wore long hair,' 



which was many ages back. BRO. cf. 
iv. 103. PR. vi. 105. at least as long 
ago as 454 A.U. R. 

' Racked off from the wood' into wine- 
jars, which were stopped down with wax, 
plaster, or pitch, and marked with the 
name of its country, and the consul's 
name by way of date : vina bibes, iterum 
Tauro diffusa; Hot. I Ep. v. 4. T. FA. 
Cf. Cic. Brut. 83. Ov. F. v. 517. 
Plin. xiv. 14. 21. Colum. xii. 18. Hor. 
I Od. xx. 1 sqq. II. iii. 8. III. viii. 10 
sqq. xxi. 1 sqq. xxviii. 8. Pers. v. 148. 
R. PR. 

31. This is sometimes called the Mar- 
sian war. App. B. C. i. Eutr. v. Plut. 
Sull. Oros. v. 18. PR. 660—662 A.U. 
cadum Marsi memorem duelli ; Hor. Ill 
Od. xiv. 18. We need not take the 
expression too literally ; all that we are 
to understand is, ' very fine old wine.' 
Not but what the ancients did keep their 
wine to an immense age. Pliny for 
instance mentions a wine 200 years old ! 
adhnc vina ducentis fere annis jam in 
speciem redacta mellis asperi; atque hcec 
natura vini in vetustate est; Plin. xiv. 4. 
He thought it never better than when it 
was twenty years old: xiv. 14. Hor. 
I Od. ix. 7. IV. xi. 1. Veil. Pat. ii. 7. 
R. G. Others refer this wine to an 
earlier date 633 A.U. in the consul- 
ship of Lucilius Opimius ; (see Flor. iii. 
17 sq.) when the vintage was peculiarly 
excellent. LU. 

' Keeps to himself.' R. 

Hall has imitated this passage with 
much humour: " What though he quaff 
pure amber in his bowl Of March-brew'd 
wheat ; he slakes thy thirsting soul With 
palish oat frothing in Boston clay, Or in 
a shallow cruize ; nor must that stay 
Within thy reach, for fear of thy craz'd 
brain, But call and crave, and have thy 
cruize again !" G. 

32. ' He would not spare a glass of it 



SAT. V. 



OF JUVENAL. 



93 



Cras bibet Albanis aliquid de montibus aut de 
Setinis, cujus patriam titulumque senectus 
35 Delevit multa veteris fuligine testae ; 

Quale coronati Thrasea Helvidiusque bibebant 
Brutorum et Cassi natalibus. Ipse capaces 
Heliadum crustas et insequales beryllo 



to save the life of the best friend he has.' 
Id genu*, quod xughuxh a Grcecis nomi- 
natur, nihil aliud est, quam nimia imbe- 
cillitas corporis, quod stomacho languente, 
immodico sudore digeritur .... Tertium 
auxilium est, imbecillitati jacentis cibo 

v i7io que succurrere Si cibus non 

7nanet, sorbtre vini cy at hum oportet, 
<Sfc. Cels. Med. iii. 19. M. Plin. xxiii. 
1. Sen. Ep. 15. LU. For xafila, see 
Schol. on Thuc. ii. 49. For cyathus, Hor. 
Ill Od. viii. 13. R. 

33. ' He had a variety of excellent 
wines.' The produce of the Alban hills, 
near the city ; Plin. xiv. 2. 6. LU. 
Mart. XIII. cix. PR. only inferior to 
Falernian. Dionys. i. 12. Hor. IV Od. 
xi. 1 sq. Galen in Ath.i. 20. R. Addison 
tells us in his Italian travels, that Alba 
still preserves its credit for wine, " which 
would probably be as good now as it 
was anciently, did they preserve it to so 
great an age." G. 

34. A Campanian wine, which Pliny 
preferred to the preceding ; it was the 
favourite with Augustus; Plin. xiv. 6. 8. 
xxii. 1. xxiii. 2. Mart. VI. lxxxvi. IX. 
iii. X. lxxiv. XIII. cxii. cf. x. 27. Strab. 
v. p. 229. Ath. i. 48. The modern 
name of Setia is ' Sezze.' PR. R. This 
passage also is well imitated by Hall : 
" If Virro list revive his heartless graine 
With some French grape or pure Cana- 
riane ; While pleasing Bourdeaux falls 
unto his lot, Some sowerish Rochelle 
cuts thy thirsting throat." G. 

See note on 30. R. 

35. ' The mouldiness.' M. 

36. On days of particular rejoicing 
the Romans wore garlands at their ca- 
rousals in imitation of the Asiatic Greeks. 
BRI. Their chaplets were at first of 
ivy, then of parsley, then of myrtle, 
afterwards of roses. FA. Hor. II Od. 
vii. 7 sq. 23 sqq. Tib. I. vii. 52. Hor. 

I Od. xxxvi. 15 sq. IV Od. xi. 3 sqq. R. 

II Od. vii. 7 sq. 23 sqq. M. I Od. xxxviii. 
Pcetus Thrasea and his son-in-law 

Helvidhis Prisons, from their hatred of 
tyranny, used to keep the birthdays of 



the great liberators of Rome. The for- 
mer was put to death and the latter 
banished by Nero. Galba recalled him 
from exile ; which would be one motive 
for our author's partiality to that prince. 
By Vespasian he was prosecuted on a 
charge of sedition, but acquitted. Thrasea 
was the son-in-law of that Pastus, whose 
wife Arria is so justly celebrated for her 
heroic constancy in the well-known epi- 
gram : Casta suo gladium §c. These 
names are not inserted so much to mark 
the excellence of the wine as the poet's 
abhorrence of Domitian ; to whom these 
two patriots were so peculiarly obnoxious, 
that he put one person to death for call- 
ing Thrasea a man of sanctity, and 
another for writing the life of Helvidius. 
VS. Tac. A. xvi. Suet. Ner. 37. Dom. 
10. PR. This is one of those impas- 
sioned bursts into which our poet is so 
frequently betrayed unpremeditatedly by 
his enthusiastic love of liberty : i. 1 6 sq. 
iv. 150 sqq. viii. 260. xiv. 41 sqq. 254 sq. 
RI. 

37. L. Junius Brutus, the expeller of 
the Tarquins, M. Jun. Brutus, the chief 
conspirator with Cassius against Caesar, 
and D. Jun. Brutus, who, in the attempt 
to uphold the cause of liberty against 
Antony, perished on the field of battle. 
PR. 

From the practice of keeping ' the 
birthdays' of the illustrious dead, may 
have originated the custom of celebrating 
the memories of martyrs ; but it was the 
anniversary of their deaths which was 
observed, as being the date of their being 
born into a better world. HN. ME. 
Mart. VIII. xxxviii. 11 sqq. R. 

38, If the poet intended electrum ' an 
alloy of gold with one-fifth of silver,' the 
periphrasis is incorrect. BRI. GR. Plin. 
ix. 40. xxxiii. 4 s 23. Virg. JE. viii. 
402. cf. xiv. 307. It is ' amber' that was 
fabled to be produced by the tears shed 
(on the banks of Eridanus) for the loss of 
Phaethon, by his sisters the daughters of 
Sol ('Hkiog), who were transformed into 
poplars or alders. Ov. M. ii. 340 sqq. 



94 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. V. 



Virro tenet phialas : tibi non committitur aurum ; 

40 Vel, si quando datur, custos affixus ibidem, 

Qui numeret gemmas unguesque observet acutos. 
Da veniam : praeclara illic laudatur iaspis. 
Nam Virro, ut multi, gemmas ad pocula transfert 
A digitis, quas in vaginae fronte solebat 

45 Ponere zelotypo juvenis praelatus larbse. 
Tu Beneventani sutoris nomen habentem 
Siccabis calicem nasorum quatuor ac jam 
Quassatum et rupto poscentem sulphura vitro. 
Si stomachus domini fervet vinoque ciboque ; 

50 Frigidior Geticis petitur decocta pruinis. 



x. 263. Plin. xxxvii. 2 sq. Virg. E. vi. 
62 sq. JE. x. 190. Mart. IX. xiv. 6. 
Tac. G. 45. PR. R. « Cups rough with 
berylsand carved incrustations of amber:' 
iv hcc lvo7v. Or 1 the cups set with amber' 
stood in ' shallower vessels studded with 
gems.' Each person at table used lo 
have both a poculum and' a phiala, as 
we have ' a cup and a saucer' at break- 
fast and tea-time. 

On ' the beryl' see Plin. xxvii. 5. 
Turba gemmurum potamus, et smaragdis 
teximus calices ; Id. iii. pr. PR. x. 27. 
Mart. XIV. cix. Virg. G. ii. 506. JE. 
i. 728. R. Green is the colour which 
harmonizes best with gold. SA. 

39. By Virro is meant 1 the wealthy 
host.' PR. 

40. 1 A servant is set as a guard over 
you.' Cic. Ver. iv. 15. R. 

41. ' Lest any should be missing; and 
lest you should try to pick them out.' 
LU. M. 

42. ' Such precautions are excusable : 
you must not be offended at them.' VS. 

' There is a particularly bright jasper, 
which is universally admired, set in that 
cup.' Plin. xxxvii. 8 sq. PR. 

43. The transfer of jewels from arms 
to cups is indicative of a similar transfer 
of affections ; and intimates that the de- 
generate Romans were votaries of Bac- 
chus rather than of Mars. PL. 

Ut multi denotes that ' it was become 
fashionable.' M. Mart. IV. cvii. R. 

44. ' On the hilt of his sword.' LU. 
Illi stellatus iaspide fulva ensis erat ; 

Virg. JE. iv. 261 sq. LU. 

45. A periphrasis for ^Eneas, whom 
Dido preferred to her other suitor larbas 



king of Getulia. LU. Virg. JE. iv. 36. 
196 sqq. R. 

46. The name of this Beneventan sot 
was Vatinius. On his way to Greece, 
Nero apud Beneventum consedit : ubi gla- 
diatorium ?nuiws a Vatinio celebre edc- 
batur. Vatinius inter foedissima ejus aulce 
ostenta fuit, sutrince tabernce alumnus, 
corpore detorto, facetiis scurrilibus : primo 
in contumelias udsumtus ; deinde optimi 
cujusque criminatione eo usque valuit, ut 
gratia, pecunia, vi nocendi, etiam malos 
prce miner et; Tac. A. xv. 34. Xiph. lxiii. 
15. vilia sutoris calicem moni- 
menta Vatini accipe: sed nasus longior 
illefuit; Mart. XIV. xcvi. The allusion 
here is to his keen-nosed sagacity when 
put upon the scent of blood. LI. Tac. 
H. i. 37. B. 

47. ' Wilt drain.' From this it seems 
that this ' four-spouted beaker' did not 
hold much ; xiii. 44. Hor. I Od. xxxv. 
27. xxxi. 11. II S. vi. 68. R. perhaps 
for the cause mentioned in the next line. 

48. The jug wanted sulphur to cement 
it ; VS. or perhaps it was too far gone to 
be mended, and therefore should have 
been exchanged, as broken glass, for 
brimstone matches : Trunstiberinus am- 
bulator, qui pallentia sulphurata fractis 
permutat vitreis ; Mart. I. xlii. 3 sqq. 
circulatrix qu<z sulphur uto nolit emta 
ramento Vatiniorutn proxencta fractorum ; 
X. iii. 2 sqq. PR. cf. Plin. xxxvi. 19, 26. 
xxix. 3. R. 

49. iii. 233 sq. M. 

50. The country of the Getce, who 
bordered on Scythia, is now called 
' Moldavia.' PR. 

Nwonis principis inventum est deco- 



m\ v. OF JUVENAL. 95 

Non eadem vobis poni modo vina querebar : 
Vos aliam potatis aquam. Tibi pocula cursor 
Gaetulus dabit aut nigri manus ossea Mauri 
Et cui per mediam nolis occurrere noctem, 

55 Clivosse veheris dum per monimenta Latinae. 
Flos Asise ante ipsum, pretio majore paratus, 
Quam fuit et Tulli census pugnacis et Anci 
Et, ne te teneam, Romanorum omnia regum 
Frivola. Quod quum ita sit, tu Gaetulum Ganymedem 

60 Respice, quum sities. Nescit tot millibus emtus 
Pauperibus miscere puer : sed forma, sed setas 



quere aquam, vitroque demissam in 
nives r efr iger are: ita voluplasfrigoris 
contingit sine vitiis nivis. omnem utique 
decoctam, utiliorem esse convenit ; item 
calefactam magis refrigerari ; Plin. xxxi. 
3. Suet. 48. Mart. II. lxxxv. I. XIV. 
cxvi. Ath. iii. 34. Sen. N. Q. iv. 13. 
PR. R. The snow was preserved in 
caverns, and places like our ice-houses. M. 

51. The wine was not circulated round 
the table, but placed before each guest. 
LU. 

52. ' A running footman.' M. omnes 
sic jam peregrinantur ttt illos Numidarum 
prozcurrat equitatus, ut agmen cursorum 
antecedat Sen. Ep. 123. 88.Tac. H.ii.40. 
Suet. Ner. 30. Mart. III. xlvii. X. vi. 
xiii. XII. xxiv. These Negro couriers 
were celebrated for their speed ; Luc. iv. 
681. Nemes. Cyn. 261. Not but what 
they were also employed as in-door ser- 
vants : Hor. II S. viii. 14. Theoph. Ch. 
xxi. Ath. iv. 29. Cic. ad Her. iv. 50. R. 
' A lackey LU. which word may come 
from the iEthiopic layky ' a servant ; 
from the root laaca ' he sent.' 

53. * Of a blackamoor.' 

54. ' Because you might take him for 
a spectre out of the tombs :' or ' because 
it was considered ominous to meet a 
Black.' BRO. T. cf. vi. 572. 601. 655. 
Mart. VII. Ixxxvi. 2. Both M. Brutus 
and Hadrian are said to have foreboded 
death from having each other met with 
an Ethiopian. Plut. and Spart. PR. 

55. i. 171. PR. 

56. ' Such as was Ganymede.' LU. 
Cic. Phil. ii. 15. iii. 5. Virg. JE. viii. 
500. Jlos juvenum and juventutis ; Liv. 
viii. 8. 28. xxvii. 35. xxxvii. 12. ccv6os <rav 
' ASnvottuv' Thuc. iv. 133. houuv tkuvot- 



Pind. N. viii. 15. vavruv auras' P. iv. 
335. There is also an allusion to * the 
bloom of youth :' cevi Jlore virens ; Sil. i. 
60 sq. iii. 84. vii. 691. The most fashion- 
able and, of course, the most expensive 
slaves were those imported from Asia 
Minor ; xi. 147. For the importance 
attached to this part of the establish- 
ment, ( fAZlgUZIX U^OUO. ^IXKOVOVf&tVCl' Luc. 

16.) see ix, 46 sqq. xiii. 44. Cic. Fin. ii. 
23. and on the other hand, xi. 145 sqq. 
Mart. VIII. xxxix. 4. IX. xxiii. 9 sqq. 
lxxiv. 6. XIII. cviii. R. 

Understand stat, 65. cf. SL. on Hfvufti, 
13. R. 

Enormous prices were given for hand- 
some slaves at Rome, especially if they 
were Greeks : Plin. vii. 12. Suet. Caes. 
47. Liv. xxxix. 44. Mart. III. lxii. R. 

57. The third and fourth kings of 
Rome. Tullus Hostilius was a very 
warlike prince ; Virg. M. vi. 813 sqq. 
Liv.i. 22 sqq. Macr. S. i. 6. He was the 
conqueror of Alba. Flor. 3. PR. For 
kings they were rich, as times went, 
dives Tullus et Ancus ; Hor. IV Od. 
vii. 15. but, compared with the wealth 
of later ages, they were poor j utinam 
remeare liceret ad veteres fines et moenia 
pauperis Anci ; Claud. B. G. 108 sq. R. 

58. iii. 183. M. 

59. ' Mere trifles in comparison.' M. 
iii. 198. R. 

Ganymede was a beautiful boy, son of 
Tros and Callirho'e, who was carried off 
by the eagle to be Jove's cup-bearer. 
(See this explained, Cic. T. Q. i. 65. iv. 
71 sqq.) PR. ix. 47. xiii. 43. Mart. IX. 
xxiii. 11 sq. lxxiv. 6. V. lvi. VIII. xlvi. 
5. GR. R. 

61. On the practice of mixing wine, 



96 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. V. 



Digna supercilio. Quando ad te pervenit ille ? 

Quan do vocatus adest calidae gelidaeque minister? 

Quippe indignatur veteri parere clienti, 
65 Quodque aliquid poscas et quod se stante recumbas. 

Maxima quaeque domus servis est plena superbis. 
Ecce alius quanto porrexit murmure panem 

Vix fractum, solidae jam mucida frusta farinae, 

Quae genuinum agitent, non admittentia morsum ! 
70 Sed tener et niveus mollique siligine factus 

Servatur domino. Dextram cohibere memento. 

Salva sit artocopi reverentia. Finge tamen te 

Improbulum, superest illic, qui ponere cogat : 

" Vis tu consuetis audax conviva canistris 



see Ath. ii. 2. PR. It was the cup- 
bearer's office to pour the wine into the 
cup in such proportion or quantity, as 
each chose : misceri debet hoc a Ganymede 
merum ; Mart. XIII. cviii. IX. xxxvii. 
12. ZVJ. The chief reason why the 
ancients mixed their wine with water 
was, that their wine coagulated by the 
great age to which it was kept, and 
required the admixture of warm water to 
dissolve it so as to be fit for drinking. 
ACH. 

62. ' His disdain becomes his youth 
and beauty.' ii. 15. vi. 169. Supercilia 
homini et pariter et alterne mobilia, et in 
Us pars animi. Negamus, aunuimus. 
Hcec maxima indicant fastum. Superbia 
aliubi conceplaculum, sed hie sedem habet. 
In corde nascitur, hue subit, hie pendet. 
Nihil altius simnl abruptiusque invenit in 
corpore, ubi solitaria esset ; Plin. xi. 37. 
PR. R. 

63. Ath. ii. 2. LU. Id. 6. iii. 34 sq. 
Pollux ix. 6. Plin. vii. 53. Tac. A. 
xiii. 16. Frigida non desit, non deerit 
calda petenti ; Mart. XIV. cv. 1. From 
which it appears that the ancients drank 
hot as well as cold water with their 
wine. PR. R. Among us it is custom- 
ary, after supper, to put both hot and 
cold water on table for the same purpose. 

64. i. 132. The very circumstance, 
which ought to command respect, excites 
contempt. R. 

65. ' Thinking himself the better of 
the two.' G. 

66. Servants take their cue from their 
masters : R. according to the English 
proverb " Like master, like man." 



67. Ecce, iv. 1. adspice, v. 80. R. 

* With what ill-will and grumbling.' 
M. 

68. " Impenetrable crusts, Black, 
mouldy fragments, which no teeth can 
chaw, The mere despair of every aching 
jaw." G. ' So hard that cutting it was 
quite out of the question, and that it was 
broken with the greatest difficulty.' cf. 
Plin. xix. 4. R. 

69. ' Which would tire out and loosen 
the grinders.' Pers. i. 115. PR. Plin. 
xi. 37 s 63. R. 

70. 4 Of the whitest and finest wheat- 
flour.' Plin. xviii. 7 sqq. PR. Sen. Ep. 
119. Colum.II.vi. l.ix.13. R. "What 
though he chires on purer manchet's 
crown While his kind client grinds on 
black and brown, A jolly rounding of a 
whole foot broad, From off the mong- 
corn heap shall Trebius load;" Hall. V. ii. 
Manners were strangely altered since the 
days of Ca?sar, who is said to have 
punished his ' pantler' severely, for 
serving his guests with inferior bread to 
what was placed before himself. Suet. 
48. G. 

71. ' Mind you restrain :' M. ptX^vnfo : 
more forcible than the simple imperative ; 
vi. 572. ix. 93. R. 

72. ' Let all due respect be paid to the 
servant who cuts the bread.' R. 

' But even supposing.' LU. 

73. ' A little impudent.' PR. 

74. Vis tu is not only interrogative, 
but imperative. Sen. Ir. iii. 38. GRO. 
Hor. II S. vi. 92. BY. HK. ' Be so 
good as.' 

' Bread-baskets.' M. 



SAT. V. 



OF JUVENAL. 



97 



75 Impleri panisque tui novisse colorem ?" 

" Scilicet hoc fuerat, propter quod, saepe relicta 
Conjuge, per montem adversum gelidasque cucurri 
Esquilias, fremeret saeva quum grandine vernus 
Jupiter et multo stillaret paenula nimbo !" 

80 Adspice, quam longo distendat pectore lancem, 
Quae fertur domino, squilla et quibus undique septa 
Asparagis, qua despiciat convivia cauda, 
Quum venit excelsi manibus sublata ministri. 
Sed tibi dimidio constrictus cammarus ovo 

85 Ponitur, exigua feralis ccena patella. 



76. This is the client's indignant re- 
monstrance, PR. or soliloquy. R. ' So ! 
this is all I am to expect for getting out 
of my warm bed, and fagging up-hill 
and down-hill at all hours of the night, 
even though it rained cats and dogs.' M. 
Martial frequently complains of this 
grievance : he expostulates with his 
patron in the following sensible and 
affecting language : Si quid nostra tuis 
adicit vexatio rebus, mane, vel a media 
node togatus ero : stridentesque feram 
flatus Aquilonis iniqui, et patiar nimbos, 
excipiamqite nives. Sed si non jias qua- 
drante beatior ttno per gemitus nostros 
ingenuasque crnces : parce precor lasso, 
vanosque remitte labores, qui tibi non pro- 
sunt, et mihi, Galle, nocent ; X. lxxxii. G. 

Scilicet ; ii. 104. R. 

77. ' Steep and bleak.' PR. 
Monlem Esquiliasqve. tv $vo~v. R. 

^lotigovf&iva. ra alroc, (jt.uZ,u (pct'tvirar Arist. 
Rh. I. vii. 2. 

78. The Esquiline was the part chiefly 
inhabited by the wealthier nobles, iii. 71. 
PR. 

Storms in Italy are very frequent at 
the beginning of autumn and the end of 
spring, iv. 87. Virg. G. i. 311 sqq. Hor. 
IV Od. iv. 7. Calp. E. v. 45. R. 

79. Jupiter is used for ' the sky.' PR. 
Hor. I Od. i. 25. M. 

This ' cloak' served as a great coat. 
PR. 

80. ' So large that it seems even to 
stretch the dish in which it is served up.' 
M. A poetical expression for (1) * how 
it stretches over the dish .' Tityos novem 
jugeribus distentus erat : Ov. M. iv. 456 
sq. is another form. Or (2) ' how it fi 1 1 s 
the dish.' Apes liquido distendunt 
nectare cellas; Virg. G. iv. 164. dis- 



tendet spicis horrea plena Ceres ; Tib. II. 
v. 84. R. 

81. Domino, cf. i. 135 sq. R. 

There were two kinds of fish known 
by this name, one of which formed a 
dish of itself, ' lobster,' as here ; the other 
served as sauce to other fish ; affertur 
squill as inter murcena natantes in 
patina porrecta ; Hor. II S. viii. 412 sq. 
' shrimps or prawns.' Apicius the epi- 
cure went on a voyage to Africa, 
because he heard these fish were finer 
there, than any where else. Suid. Cic. 
de N. D. ii. 123. Plin. IX. 31 s 51. 
42 s 66. Mart. XIII. Ixxxiii. Ath. iii. 
23. PR. M. 

' Garnished' M. or 4 hedged around.' 

82. On the virtues of asparagus see 
Plin. xix. 8. xx. 10. PR. R. 

' How he seems to look down upon 
(i. 159. R.) the company (so coena ; ii. 
120. R.), as though proud of his noble 
tail;' which is the choicest part. LU. 

83. * The tall sewer or serving-man' 
was as necessary an appendage of state 
as ' the tall chairman ;' iii. 240. R. 

84. 1 A common crab,' (cf. Plin. xxvii. 
3. xxxii. 11. Mart. II. xliii. Ath. vii. 
75. 110. PR. R.) ' shrunk from having 
been long out of the sea,' HO. (or 
• scantily hemmed round by way of gar- 
nish') 1 with half an egg cut in slices.' 
cf. Ath. ii. 16. divisis cybium latebit 
ovis ; Mart. V. lxxviii. 5. secta coro- 
nabimt rutatos ova lacertos ; X. xlviii. 11. 
R. " Ill-garnished and ill-fed."' G. 

85. See Pers. vi. 33. PR. The Ro- 
mans placed in the sepulchres of the 
dead, to appease their shades, a little 
milk, honey, water, wine, and olives. 
HO. These were afterwards burnt, un- 
less (as was generally the case) they 



98 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. V. 



Ipse Venafrano piscem perfundit : at hie, qui 
Pallidus affertur misero tibi, caulis olebit 
Laternam. Illud enim vestris datur alveolis, quod 
Carina Micipsarum prora subvexit acuta; 
90 Propter quod Romse cum Bocchare nemo lavatur, 
f Quod tutos etiam facit a serpentibus atris.f 
Mullus erit domino, quern misit Corsica vel quern 
Tauromenitanse rupes, quando omne peractum est 
Et jam defecit nostrum mare, dum gula ssevit, 



were stolen by a set of starving wretches, 
who frequented the burial-grounds for 
this purpose. With all their reverence 
for the dead, the ancients were strangely 
inattentive to their diet. It was scanty, 
of the worst quality, and ill-cooked. 
Plautus says of a bad cook, that he was 
only fit to dress a supper for the dead : 
Pseud. III. ii. 7. Aul. II. iv. 45. and those 
who condescended to help the deceased 
off" with their scurvy meals, were stig- 
matized as the most necessitous of human 
beings : uxor Meueni, scepe quam in sepul- 
cretis vidistis ipso rapere de rogo ca>nam ; 
Cat. lix. 2 sq. G. The proper name for 
this supper was silicernium; it was offered 
on the ninth day. Tac. A. vi. 5. LI. 
cf. vi. 518. Luc. D. Mort. i. 1. eund. 
Kard-TX. 7. R. 

Patella is a diminutive, and yet has 
the epithet exigua, to show what ' a very 
little plate' it was : M. as exigua ofella; 
xi. 144. et libute dupes ; ut gruti pignus 
honoris nutriat ineinctos missa patella 
lures ; Ov. F. ii. 633 sq. R. 

86. Venafrum in Campania produced 
the finest oil. LU. Plin. xv. 2. Hoc 
tibi Cumpuni suduvit bucca Venufri un- 
guentum : quoties sumis, et istud olet ; 
Mart. XIII. ci. PR. Hor. II Od. vi. 16. 
M. Cf. Hor. II S. ii. 59 sqq. iii. 125. 
iv. 50. R. They used oil, where we use 
melted butter. 

87. The greens had turned yellow 
from keeping, and had been boiled care- 
lessly : ne tibi pallentes moveant fastidia 
caules, nitrata viridis brassica fiat aqua ; 
Mart. XIII. xvii. PR. « Will stink of 
the lamp' (alluding perhaps to what was 
said of Demosthenes, Xt^vov o^ii) show- 
ing that it was greased with rancid lamp- 
oil. Hor. I S. vi. 124. LU. Theoph. 
Ch. xi. 4. xix. 3. R. 

88. Understand oleum. It was made 
from sesamum; Plin. xv. 2. 7. R. 



' Wooden saucers.' T. [Livy xxviii, 
45, 12. ED.] 

89. In India arundines tantce proceri- 
tatis, ut singula internodia alveo riavi- 
gabili ternos interdum homines ftrant ; 
Plin. vii. 2. JD. naves in Nilo ex pa- 
pyro, et scirpo, et arundine ; 56. PR. 
' A canoe.' M. 

' Of the Numidians.' Micipsa, king 
of Numidia, was son of Masinissa, and 
uncle of Jugurtha. R. 

90. Bocchar is another Numidian 
name : Liv. xxix. 30 sqq. PR. R. ' No 
Roman would enter the bath with one of 
them ; no, though it were king Bocchar 
himself.' M. 

91. Cf. Hor. II S. viii. 95. Ill Od. 
x. 18. LU. and iv. 17. 

The awkward repetition of quod, and 
the absence of the line from several 
ancient mss. (PUL.) and its transpo- 
sition in another, render it not impro- 
bable, that this line originates in a 
note of the Scholiast, assigning a rea- 
son why the Africans used such rancid 
oil. R. 

" Such rotten grease, as Afric sends 
to town : So strong ! that when her fac- 
tors seek the bath, All wind, and all 
avoid the noisome path ; So pestilent ! 
that her own serpents fly The horrid 
stench, or meet it but to die." G. 

92. Mullus; iv. 15. PR. and 141. 

93. Tauromenium, now called ' Ta- 
ormina,' is a town on the eastern coast 
of Sicily : PR. Diod. xiv. 60. xvi. 7. R. 

' Has been gone through.' Fuctus 
inops agili per a git fret a ccerula remo, 
quasque male amisit, nunc male qucerit 
opes; Ov. Her. xv. 65 sq. V. Flac. i. 
283. 566. Cf. Pers. vi. 75 sq. Lucian 
says of merchants &*a<ru.v axrhv xa.) 
<xa.*<ra ctlyictXov, u>s tivtTv, $iigtuv*i<rxfttvci 
xuff txciffTov 'ires' Tox. t. ii. p. 511. 
R. 



SAT. V. 



OF JUVENAL. 



99 



95 Retibus adsiduis penitus scrutante macello 

Proxima, nec patimur Tyrrhenum crescere piscem. 
Instruit ergo focum provincia : sumitur illinc 
Quod captator emat Lenas, Aurelia vendat. 
Virroni muraena datur, qua? maxima venit 
100 Gurgite de Siculo : nam, dum se continet Auster, 
Dum sedet et siccat madidas in carcere pennas, 
Contemnunt mediam temeraria lina Charybdim. 
Vos anguilla manet longae cognata colubrae, 
Aut glacie adspersus maculis Tiberinus et ipse 



95. * The market,' i, e. 4 those who 
supply the market.' LU. 

96. Quod dissolutus deliciis stomachus 
vix admittat, ab ultimo petitur Oceano ; 
vomunt ut edant, edunt ut vomant ; Sen. 
Helv. 9 exlr. LU, Omne perscrutari pro- 
fundum ; ib. 10. R. 

97. ' Has to supply with fish our 
kitchen.' iv. 66. M. 

98. Aurelia was a rich and childless 
old lady, whose good graces Lenas, one 
of those legacy-hunters (VS.) who 
swarmed in Rome, tried to secure by 
handsome presents. She either preferred 
money to surmullets, or else had so 
many dainties of the kind sent to her, that 
they would only have been spoiled if she 
had not disposed of them. G. LU. iv. 18 
sq. PR. xii. 93 sqq. R. An amusing 
anecdote is told of this old lady by 
Pliny ; Ep. ii. 20. G. 

99. This is a species of eel found in 
the Mediterranean, and still in high esti- 
mation there : F E. it differs from the fish 
we call ' a lamprey,' chiefly in the con- 
formation of its head. Our lamprey is 
principally confined to the Severn ; when 
brought to market, which is very rarely, 
it fetches an extravagant price. G. Ac- 
cersebantur murceruB ad piscinas nostra 
urbis ubusqiie frelo Siculo quod Rhe- 
gium a Messana despicit. illic enim optima 
a prodigis esse creduntur; Macr. iii. 15. ii. 
11. Plin. ix. 23. 54 sq. xxxii. 2. Ath. vii. 
18. i. 4. Varr. R. R. II. vi. 2. III. iii. 10. 
xvii. 3. Poll. vi. 63. Mart. XIII. Ixxx. 
Col. VIII. xvi. 5. PR. R. 

100. Now the ' Faro di Messina.' 
PR. 

Our poet, in accounting for the fish 
being caught in such a dangerous sea, 
sneers at the poetical fables concerning 
the winds. VS. FE. 



e Keeps within the cave of iEolus.' 
PR. cf. i. 8. 

101. ' Sits :' see note on xarwrxr Her. 
iii. 134. dum se cohibet, terimurque 
sedendo; Sil. vii. 151. R. 

' His wet pinions.' madidis Nvhis 
evolat a lis, terribilem picea tectus catigine 
vultum : barba gravis nimbis ; canis Jluit 
unda capillis ; fronte sedent nebulae ; 
r or ant pennaeque sinusque : Ov. Met. 

i. 264 sqq. tellus nubibus adsiduis pluvioque 
madescit ab Austro\ 65 sq. Gell. ii. 
22. PR. humidus Auster; Claud. L. Stil. 

ii. 95. R. udus Notus ; Hor. E. x. 19 sq. 
' In prison.' vasio rex JEolus antro 

luctantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras im- 
periopremit,ac vinclis et carcere frenat; 
Virg. JE. i. 52 sqq. PR. et clauso ventorum 
carcere regnet ; 141. LU. clauserat 
Hippotades ceterno carcere ventos ; O v. 
M. iv. 662. 

102. ' The very centre of Charybdis.' 
A whirlpool off ' Cape Faro,' so formi- 
dable in rough weather, that the opposite 
perils of Scylla and Charybdis became 
proverbial : incidit in Scyllam, qui vult 
vitare Charybdim. LU. dextrum Scylla 
latus, Icevura implacata Charybdis obsidet ; 
Virg. IE. iii. 420 sq. Strab. vi. PR. 

' The venturesome nets' for ' the fisher- 
men' themselves, cf. iv. 45. LU. 

103. ' Akin' both in appearance, VS. 
and in name, being the diminutive of 
anguis. GR. ' A conger.' 

104. Understand lupus : ' A coarse 
kind of pike.' Those without spots, 
which were supposed to be caused by 
being frost-bitten, were considered much 
superior to the spotted ones.' BRO. 
lupi sine macula, nam sunt et varii, 
maxime probantur ; Col. VIII. xvi. 8. 
or IX. xvii. 8. The better sort were 
esteemed a fine fish : Macr. ii. 12. iii. 16. 



100 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. V. 



105 Vernula riparum pinguis torrente cloaca 

Et solitus mediae cryptam penetrare Suburae. 

Ipsi pauca velim, facilem si praebeat aurem. 
Nemo petit, modicis quae mittebantur amicis 
A Seneca, quae Piso bonus, quae Cotta solebat 

110 Largiri; naraque et titulis et fascibus olim 
Major habebatur donandi gloria: solum 
Poscimus, ut ccenes civiliter. Hoc face et esto, 
Esto, ut nunc multi, dives tibi, pauper amicis. 
Anseris ante ipsum magni jecur, anseribus par 



Plin. ix. 54. Hor. II S. ii. 31. Ath. vii. 
17. PR. 

105. ' Indigenous slave of the bank- 
side, fattened on the filth of the rushing 
sewers.' VS. PR. Cloacae operum om- 
nium maximum, subfossis moutibus utque 
wbe pensili sublerque navigata. Fecit id 
Agrippa in ccdilitate, per meatus corrivatis 
septem amnibus, cnrsitque prcecipiti, tor- 
rentium modo, rapere omnia atque 
aujerre coaclis. Qui insuper mole hnbrium 
concitati vada ac latera quatiunt, aliquando 
Tiberis retro infusi recipiunt f actus, pug- 
nantque diversi aquarum impetus intus; et 
tamen obnoiia Jirmitas resistit ; Plin. xxxvi. 
15. R. 

106. Kguirrb (whence our word crypt) 
' the dark arched drain.' R. 

' To explore in search of its loathsome 
food.' GR. 

Subura ; iii. 5. Pers. v. 32. PR. 

107. Understand Virroni and verba 
dicere. LU. paucis te volo; Ter. And. I. 
i. 2. M. 

'Attentive,' opposed to 'deaf;' iii. 
122. Difaciles; x. 8. neque se fore 
posthac tain facilem dicat, votis ut prcebeat 
aurem ; Hor. 1 S. i. 21 sq. nimium facites 
aurem prcebere ; Prop. II. xxi. 15. R. 

108. These words are addressed to 
Virro. ' No one expects from you such 
presents as used to be sent to their humble 
friends by patrons of known liberality.' 
LU. vilibus amicis ; 146. modicis pecuniae 
et originis ; Tac. A. iii. 72. vi. 39. R. 

109. L Anvcbiis Seneca, born at Cor- 
dova in Spain, a Stoic philosopher and 
preceptor of Nero, being impeached as a 
party in Piso's conspiracy, was ordered 
by the emperor to destroy himself; which 
he did by opening his veins in a warm 
bath. viii. 212. x. 16. Tac. An. XIV. 
XV. PR. M. Pisones Senecasque 



Martial cites as examples of liberality ; 
XII. xxxvi. 8. R. C. Calpurnius Piso, 
who lived in the reign of Claudius, was 
very wealthy, and made a point of rais- 
ing every year a certain number of 
plebeians to the equestrian rank. VS. 
Tac. An. xiv. 14. xv. 48. The Pisones 
claimed descent from Numa ; vos, o 
Pornpilius sanguis; Hor. A. P. 291 sq. 
PR. Bonus * bountiful;' R. unless it 
alludes to the agnomen, Frugi. RI. 

Aurelius Cotta lived in Nero's reign. 
LU. vii. 95. Tac. An. xiii. 34. R. 

110. ' Inscriptions on the images of 
their ancestors, which constituted no- 
bility ; and the fasces, which were the 
badges of dictatorial, consular, or prae- 
torian power.' LU. The latter was a 
bundle of rods, in the centre of which 
was an axe, securis. Plin. xvi. 18. PR. 
cf. iii. 128. M. 

111. 'H X«.^H tw ttb'ovri oh reji (jlyi 
"kafjiQiaiovri, xa) o 'ivctivo; Ti paXXev' Arist. 
Eth. iv. 1. LU. 

112. ' All we ask is, that you treat us 
as one citizen should another.' R. Mart. 
III. lix. PR. 

113. * In all other respects you may 
indulge your sordid luxury; (hixuriat 
sordes,\. 140.) feasting sumptuously when 
alone, and dining economically when you 
have a party.' PR. 

Face for fac, after the manner of the 
comic writers. 

114. A goose's giblets were looked 
upon as a great delicacy : the liver in 
particular, for which there was a rich 
stuffing. Aspice, quam tumeat magno 
jecur amere majus ; miratus dices " Hoc, 
rogo, crevit ubiV Mart. XIII. Iviii. JM. 
Fartilibus in magnam amplitudinem crescit; 
exemptum quoque lacte mulso augetur, nec 
sine causa in quoestione est, quis primus 



SAT. V. 



OF JUVENAL. 



101 



115 Altilis, et flavi dignus ferro Meleagri 

Fumat aper : post hunc Iradentur tubera, si ver 
Tunc erit et facient optata tonitrua ccenas 
Majores. " Tibi habe fmmentum," Alledius inquit, 
" O Libye; disjunge boves, dum tubera mittas !" 

120 Structorem interea, ne qua indignatio desit, 
Saltantem spectes et chironomonta volanti 



tantum bonum invenerit, Scipio Metellus 
vir consuluris, an M. Sestius eadem cetate 
eques Roma?ms ; Plin. x. 22 s 27. satur 
anseris extis ; Pers. vi. 71. PR. pingui- 
bus et Jicis pastum jecur anseris albi ; 
Hor. II S. viii. 88. M. x'/ivuojv V 
{vri£itr<rou%ct(?Ta, Ts raura xotra, rwv 'Vaipviv) 
fAvwponuii EuttoXh [EufiouXo; ?j Iv ~2n<pa- 
vovuXiffi Xiyuv ov-ra;' " it fty ffu %yvos 
rtru.^ *j ^v^hv tx, 11 *'" Ath. * x - 8. cf. 
Tizara evxtara.- Poll. vi. 49. Plin. viii. 
51 s 77. R. The modern Sicilians, ac- 
cording to Brydone.have a mode of treat- 
ment by which they increase the livers of 
their fowls. G. 

115. ' Poultry' were called altiles from 
alo. PR. Perhaps ' a fatted capon' is 
here meant. M. cf. 168. ours h b'gvis Ipo'ia 
ra7f aXXxi;, kXXa. fjtXv TXoutTiai <rcc%i7cc. 
xcti Ti/nsXhi. <roi t\ vtor-ro; ri^lro/^os ri 
garret ri; u<rs'trxX)igos f ufigis avrtx^vs xut 
unpin- Luc. (jctaL ffuv. 26. Plin. x. 50 * 
71. Mart. XIII. lxii. R. 

"Btcvtoi Mskixygos' Horn. II. B 642. 
PR. ' golden-haired.' HO. Hor. IV Od. 
iv. 4. Ill Od. ix. 19. M. II Od. iv. 14. 
vi. 354. SI. i. 438. Kom. II. A 197. r 
284. R. " The yellow hunter ;" Thom- 
son. G. 

See the story of the Calydonian boar- 
hunt. VS. Ov. M. viii. 272 sqq. LU. 
Qui Diomedeis metuendus setiger agris 
.Etola cecidit cuspide, talis erat; (r'o<r<ros 
hv, Horn.) Mart. XIII. xciii. R. Horn. 
II. I 525 sqq. G. Martial, on the other 
hand, describes a small boar thus : aper 
hie minimus qualisque necari a non armato 
pumilione potest ; I. xliv. 9 sq. 

116. ' After the boar.' non tota qui- 
dem cosna, sed in ipso ejus principio, bini 
ternique pariter manduntur apri ; Plin. 
viii. 51 s 78. R. cf. i. 140 sq. M. 

' Will be served up ;' understand 
domino. R. 

Rumpimus altricem tenero qncE vertice 
t err am tubera, boletis poma secunda sumus; 
Mart. XIII. 1. tubera dicuntur nasci, si 



imbres fuerint auctumnales et tonitrua cre- 
bra : tenerrima sunt tempore verno ; Plin. 
xix. 3. PR. tubera terra; xiv. 7. M. 

117. 'Devoutly wished for' by the 
epicure. BRO. Plut. Q. Conv. iv. 2. 
Ath. ii. 21. PR. 

118. There is much genuine humour 
in this rapturous apostrophe of the glut- 
tonous Alledius to Libya. Africa was 
one of the principal granaries of Rome. 
G. si proprio condidit horreo quidqidd 
de Libycis verritur areis ; Hor. I Od. i. 
9 sq. R. frumenti quantum metit Africa; 
II S. iii. 87. GE. 

119. Tubera Africa laudatissima ; 
Plin. xix. 3. To prove that the African 
' truffles' were the finest, R also refers 
to Mart. XIII. xlii sq. but the tub ere s 
(not tubera), there mentioned, grow on 
boughs, and are the fruit of the tuber- 
tree. 

120. ' The seneschal.' Qui fercula 
docte componit ; vii. 184 sq. R. 

121. " Lo! the spruce carver, (carptor, 
ix. 110. PR.) to his task addrest, Skips, 
like a harlequin, from place to place, And 
waves his knife with pantomimic grace." 
G. 

Chironomon, from the Greek participle 
XUgoveftav : chironom6n, vi. 63. the ac- 
cusative of %ugovo'ftas . Processit statim 
scissor, et ad symphoniam ita gesticulatus 
laceravit opsonium, ut putes Darium 
hydraule cantante pugnare ; Petr. 36. ac 
si inter Apicios epulones et Byzantinos 
ehironomuntas hue usque ructaverit ; Sidon. 
Ep. IV. 7. Jin. F. alius pretiosas aves 
scindit et per pectus ac clunes certis ducti- 
bus circumferens eruditam manum, in 
frusta excutit: infelix, qui hide uni rei 
vivit, ut altilia decenter secet ; nisi quod 
miserior est, qui hide voluptatis causa docet, 
quam qui necessitatis discit ; Sen. Ep. 47. de 
Br. V. 12. de V. B. 17. Plin. x. 50 s 71 . 
PR. 'ifToxXifivs , "rm xtcpaXvv i^ufxf \x\ 
<r>jv rjaTf^av, roTfi exiXuri i%U(9V6f*w 
Her. vi. 129. 



102 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. V. 



Cultello, donee peragat dictata magistri 
Omnia : nee minimo sane discrimine refert, 
Quo gestu lepores et quo gallina secetur. 

125 Duceris planta, velut ictus ab Hercule Cacus, 
Et ponere foras, si quid tentaveris umquam 
Hiscere, tamquam habeas tria nomina. Quando propinat 
Virro tibi, sumitque tuis contacta labellis 
Pocula? Quis vestrum temerarius usque adeo, quis 

130 Perditus, ut dicat regi, " Bibe"? Plurima sunt, quae 
Non audent homines pertusa dicere laena. 

Quadringenta tibi si quis Deus aut similis Dis 
Et melior fatis donaret ; homuncio, quantus 
Ex nihilo fieres, quantus Virronis amicus ! 



122. ' Of his master or instructor in 
the art of carving.' cf. xi. 136 sqq. LU. 

' The directions,' ' all that has been 
taught him.' cf. vi. 392. Hor. I Ep. i. 55. 
xviii. 13. R. 

123. ' There is a very wide difference 
between the one and the other.' LU. 
Or ' in both cases it makes an immense 
difference how the thing is done.' M. 

125. Pedibusque informe cadaver pro- 
trahitur; Virg. JE. viii. 264 &c. ictus 
clava, morte occubuit ; Liv. i. 7. PR. 
Ov. E.i. 543 sqq. 

127. ' To mutter.' LU. IO. vi <rb 
^vf^t^is ; no. i» fjCit ftiyifrov, ovx 'l%uv 
Tctppyiffia*. IO. lovXou <roV u<ra$, /u,h \eyut 
a, tis <Pf>on7. no. aXX' its to xifios vra,(>k 
(pvffiv^avXivriov Eur. Ph. 401 sqq. 

' As though you still retained the rights 
of a freeborn Roman, and had not vir- 
tually forfeited those privileges, when you 
condescended to turn parasite.' G. Free 
citizens had three names : Decimus Junius 
Juvenalis, Cuius Julius Ccesar ; (1) the 
prcenomen, which answers to our baptis- 
mal name; (2) the nomen, which was 
common to the gens or ' clan,' and com- 
monly ended in ius', (3) the cognomen, 
which distinguished the several ' families' 
under one and the same clan, as the 
Scipiones, Lentuli, Cethegi, DolabellcB, 
Cinnce, Syllce, <5fc. under the Cornelii. 
Some clans were not divided into families, 
as the Marii, Sartorii, Mummii. Some 
individuals had a fourth name, agnomen, 
as an epithet from some remarkable cir- 
cumstance, and even a fifth ; as P. Corn. 
Scipio Africanvs JEmilianus. Slaves had 
no prcenomen. AD. cf. Pers. v. 76 — 82. 



Martial says wittily of a foul-mouthed 
fellow ; quod nulii calicem tuum propinas, 
humane facts, Herme, non superbe; II. 
xv. PR. tt^otivuv was ' to take a sip and 
then pass the cup to your friend.' Mart. 
V. lxxviii. 3. Anac. iv. 3. Virg, JE. i. 
736 sqq. R. 

128. Sumit ve would be more correct. 
J A. 

' Contaminated.' vi. 288. Virg. JE„ ii. 
168. [Livy xxix, 8, j. ED.] 

130. ' So lost to all sense of decorum, 
as to challenge his noble host.' R. turn 
Bilicededit increpitans; Virg.iE.i.738. 

131. ' With a great-coat out at elbows.' 
iii. 283. Compare the proverbs; " vestis 
virum facit :" " lacer pannus:" tuv yk(> 
<7ft\riTuv iitr)v ol Xoyoi xtvor and that of 
Theognis, to? ya.(> ffivln St^jj/tttvy "hihireti 
h yXufffcc and \et vroXXoixt xcti x*]7ragof 
ar/i£ ft,d\a, xatgiov zlvrtv. FE. R. 

132. Quadringenta ; i. 106. ii. 1 17. PR. 
' Some godlike hero.' Nemo propius 

ad Deum accedit, quam qui hoininibus 
saiutem dat et benejicium; Sen. LU. 
' Some rich man.' ?r\ovra> u,^itv\ xa) 
xvo*os »T^i7 ^a/ftovi oto; ir\a6et. Hes. 
O. D. 313 sq. or ' the emperor.' R. 
' Some munificent benefactor,' Deus nobis 
hcEC otia fecit : namque erit ille mihi semper 
deus ; Virg. E. i. 6 sq. npuvrui p&\t<rru. 
ol ivi^ytT*ixorts' tvtgyto-'tx tig 
wXourov. (jiXdyi Ti riftwi Svffiui, x. <r. A.. 
Arist. Rh. 1. v. 7. ix 2. 

133. * Kinder to you than the fates 
have been.' PR. 

• Though now a sorry mortal.' M. 5 
<xXovro{, a. vfyaffftr xt, ro7; ffo<po7{ 6ios' 
Eur. Cy. 316. 



SAT. V. 



OF JUVENAL. 



103 



135 " Da Trebio ! Pone ad Trebium ! Vis frater ab ipsis 
Ilibus ?" O numij vobis hunc praestat honorem, 
Vos estis fratres. Dominus tamen et domini rex 
Si vis tu fieri, null us tibi parvulus aula 
Luserit vEneas nec filia dulcior illo. 

140 Jucundum et carum sterilis facit uxor amicum. 
Sed tua nunc Mycale pariat ! Licet et pueros tres 
In gremium patris fundat simul ; ipse loquaci 
Gaudebit nido ; viridem thoraca jubebit 
Afferri minimasque nuces assemque rogatum, 

145 Ad mensam quoties parasitus venerit infans. 
Vilibus ancipites fungi ponentur amicis, 



135. Virro not only directs the carver 
to help Trebius, and the sewer to put 
the dishes before him, but presses him to 
taste of the delicacies on table. PR. 
The repetition of Trebius is like that of 
Marcus ; Pers. v. 79 — 81. 

' Brother' was a courteous appellation 
between equals : " Frater! Pater!" adde, 
ut cuique est cetas, ita quemque facetus 
adapta ; Hor. I Ep. vi. 54 sq. Mart. X. 
lxv. 3. 14. R. 

136. Under the name of ilia may be 
included many favourite dishes of the 
ancients : for instance, sumen ' sow's 
udder Plin. xi. 37. anseris jecur 
'goose's liver;' 114. M. apri lumbus 
« the loin of the boar;' Plin. viii. 51 s 78. 
R. ' kidneys, tripe, chitterlings, sweet- 
breads, &c' F. 

' Monev.' i. 112 sq. LU. 

1 37. " Hv o tp'iXos n X«.(ln £ o'ftiv s <p £a- 
<r££ ivOus 'iygotij/sv, 'Jiv ^' au (tn ti Xa,(i'A, 
to <p £ « r s £ u<x% f&ovov' Mvtct ya,^ xa.) retvTct 
to p« ftaTK uurag zycoyiovx \6iXo3 § o [/.i v %, 
ov ya.(> i%co loftivxt' Pallad. Ep. xxxi. 
Anal. t. li. p. 13. LU. 

138. * You must be childless.' A 
parody of Virgil; saltern si qua mihi de te 
suscepta fuisset ante fugam soboles; si quis 
mihi parvulus aula luderet Mneas, qui te 
tamen ore referret ; <Sfc. M. iv. 327 sqq. 
PR. 

140. Understand* to legacy-hunters.' 
LU. Mart. XI. lv. PR. X. xviii. R. 

141. « But, now that you are rich, let 
your mistress be put to bed : although 
she should even present you with three 
bouncing boys at a birth, he will not be 
afraid of being supplanted by your na- 
tural children, and therefore will feel 



no ill-will towards the little urchins.' R. 
' Three children at one birth' are called 
tergemiui or trigemini ; Liv. i. 24 sq. 
Plin. vii. 3. PR. 

142. Ipse Virro. K&xkti/u.'ivos T& \</r) ^s7<r- 
vov, xiXiZtrui xctXtcrai to, vruiVict TOvlffTiavTa.' 
xxi iio-iOVTct tpntrctt auxov of&otOTiga uiai tu 
fetTgr xa) irgoiroiyc&yoft&vos <pt\?iffai, xa) 
vtai? avTov xaSiear xcti toIs fttv (rv[/.tfa.'iZ ) uv 
avTOS, Xiyav " affxos, treXtxu$' ,> Theoph. 
Ch. v. R. 

143. * In the twittering nest :' a com- 
mon metaphor ; %gn<rrov iraTgo$ veoTriec 
Theoph. Ch. ii. teneroque palumbo et 
similis regum pueris ; Pers. iii. 16 sq. 
cf. Cat. xxix. 9. nidos querulos ; Sen. H. 
F. 148. nidis immitibus escam ; Virg. G. 
iv. 17. nigra vehit magnas domini cum 
divitis cedes pervolat et pennis alta 
atria lustrat hirundo, pabula parva legens 
nidisque loquacibus escas ; /E. xii. 473 sqq. 
nidum liberorum ; Ammian. xiv. p. 28. 
R. " O hell-kite! All? What, all my 
pretty chickens, and their dam, At 
one fell swoop 1" Shaksp. Macb. IV. iii. 

' A stomacher,' M. ' waistcoat,' R. or 
' corslet.' G. 

144. Nuces are ' walnuts/ minimce 
nuces ' filberts.' GR2E. Pers. i. 10. Hor. 
I S. iii. 171. M. Augustus, animi laxandi 
causa, modo nucibus ludebat cum pueris 
minutis, quos facie et garrulitate amabiles 
undique conquirebat ; Suet. 83. PR. 

4 Which the little fellow begs for, to 
buy playthings, cakes, or fruit.' GRM. 

145. ' Virro goes so far as to beg 
Trebius will bring one of the little dar- 
lings with him, when he comes to dine at 
his house.' GR^E. M. 

146. Cf. 108. LU. Seneca, Piso, 



104 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. V. 



Boletus domino ; sed qualem Claudius edit 
Ante ilium uxoris, post quern nil amplius edit. 
Virro sibi et reliquis Virronibus ilia jubebit 
150 Poma dari, quorum solo pascaris odore ; 

Qualia perpetuus Phseacum auctumnus habebat, 
Credere quae possis subrepta sororibus Afris. 
Tu scabie frueris mali, quod in aggere rodit, 
Qui tegitur parma et galea metuensque flagelli 



and Cotta would speak of their clients as 
' friends in moderate circumstances;' 
Virro would call them ' vile.' 

' Toadstools of very questionable ap- 
pearance.' quorumdam ex his facile nos- 
cuntur venena, diluto rubore, rancido 
aspectu, livido intus colore, rimosa stria, 
pallido per ambitum labro : Plin. xxii. 22. 
LU. ii sunt tutissimi quibus rubet caro, 
magis diluto rubore, quam boleti ; 23. Ath. 
ii. 19. Suet. Ner. 33. PR. [Livy xxx, 33, 
10. ED.] 

147. " The agaricus ccesareus or ' im- 
perial agaric' is the most splendid of all 
the species ; it is common in Italy and is 
brought to the markets there for sale. 
The ancient Romans esteemed it one of 
the greatest luxuries of the table. This 
is the mushroom with which Claudius 
was poisoned Miller's Gard. Diet. G. 
Locusta supplied the empress Agrippina 
with the poison, which she introduced 
into her husband's favourite dish. VS. J. 
Suet. 44. Plin. xxii. 22. Mart. XIII. 
xlviii. boletum, qualem Claudius edit, edas j 
I. xxi. 4. Claudius was the fifth emperor 
of Rome. PR. cf. vi. 620 sqq. R. 

148. i. e. 1 After which he died.' R. 
Therefore Nero called mushrooms, figwp.oc 
hZr Suet. 33. PR. 

149. Virroues ' grandees like himself.' 
T. 8 

150. ' Pulpy fruits' (as distinguished 
from ' nuts' and 1 berries') including 
apples, pears, peaches, &c. M. 

An allusion perhaps to an Indian na- 
tion, of which it is said ; odore vivunt 
pomorum silvestrium et eorum olfactu 
aluntur; Solin. H. his ego rebus pas cor. 
his del ec t or, his p e rfr ii o r ; Cic. in 
Pis. 20. 

151. Phceacia, afterwards Corcyra, now 
' Corfu.' Homer describes the gardens of 
Alcinous as filled with perpetual fruits ; 
hence an eternal autumn reigned there. 
Od. H 112 sqq. VS. LU. Mart. VII. 
Mii. 6. Antiquitas nihil prius mirata est 



quam Hesperidum hortos ac regum Adonis 
et Alcinoi ; Plin. xix. 4. PR. 

152. The garden of the Hesperides, 
daughters of Atlas king of Mauritania, 
was famous for its golden apples guarded 
by a sleepless dragon. Hercules slew the 
monster and stole the fruit. VS. LU. 
Ov. iv. 627 sqq. PR. Virg. 2E. iv. 480 
sqq. Ath. iii. 7. Apoll. II. v. 11. Diod. 
iv. 27. R. 

153. ' Such as a monkey eats.' VS. 
After weighing the various opinions of 

Commentators upon these three lines, 1 
think the following paraphrase gives their 
sense ; ' You are at liberty to enjoy a 
specked and shrivelled windfall ; such as 
idle soldiers would amuse themselves by 
giving to a monkey, and laugh to see the 
nice discrimination with which Mr Pug 
turns it about to nibble the sound part ; 
while he sits in his regimentals on the 
back of his bearded charger before the 
gate of their barracks, after going through 
his manual exercise with due gravity and 
precision, and in as much military awe of 
his master's whip, as any of the raw 
recruits who are grinning at him ever 
felt for the cane of their drill-sergeant.' 
To say ' the apple which the soldier 
gives away' is more severe than saying 
' that which he eats.' The monkey nib- 
bling his apple between whiles is more 
characteristic, and the comparison more 
degrading. (See the simile in the pas- 
sage of Lucian, quoted at 157.) The 
round target and the lash were not used 
in the Roman army. 

Among those who think ' a monkey' 
is here meant are CL. DM. RU. GR. 
HO. HN. R. 

The Praetorian Bands were stationed 
by Tiberius in a permanent camp between 
the Viminal and Tiburtine gates. FE. 
Pliny mentions sata in castrorum aggeri- 
bus mala i xv. 14. PR. cf. viii. 43. R. 

154. Metuens virgee ; vii. 210. Ov. M. 
i. 323. 7?. 



SAT. V. 



OF JUVENAL. 



105 



155 Discit ab hirsuta jaculum torquere capella. 

Forsitan impensae Virronem parcere credas. 
Hoc agit, ut doleas : nam quae comcedia, mimus 
Quis melior plorante gula ? Ergo omnia fiunt, 
Si nescis, ut per lacrumas effimdere bilem 

160 Cogaris pressoque diu stride re molari. 

Tu tibi liber homo et regis conviva videris. 
Captum te nidore suae putat ille culinae : 
Nec male conjectat. Quis enim tarn nudus, ut ilium 
Bis ferat, Etruscum puero si contigit aurum 

165 Yel nodus tantum et signum de paupere loro? 

Spes bene coenandi vos decipit. " Ecce dabit jam 



155. Among the amusements of the 
Asiatic 'soldiery, Leo Africanus mentions 
simiam equitem ex capra jaculavdi arti- 
ficem. HN. CL witnessed an exhibi- 
tion of this kind at a fair in Germany. 

156. In his eagerness to lash the guest, 
Juvenal now excuses the host, and con- 
tradicts some of his former invectives on 
the inherent meanness of the great men 
of Rome towards their dependents. Cor- 
rect taste would have led Iiira to carry 
on both his purposes together, without 
sacrificing one to the other : the servility 
of the client might have been exposed, 
while the pride and parsimony of the 
patron were preserved as qualities neces- 
sary to the effect and consistency of his 
satire. G. 

He appears to be acting the rhetorician, 
and shifting his ground in order to rouse 
the anger or excite the hatred of Trebius 
towards Virro; by attributing the conduct 
of the latter to Ivrti^aff/xos , or vfi^is' ptn 
"va >ri y'lvyrai abru. dXX' o'tus r,<r0'/j' Anst. 
Eh. II. ii. 3. cf. the remainder of that 
chapter and II. v. 

157. iii. 152 sq. ridiculus deque nul- 
lus est, quam quando esurit; Plaut. Stich. 
I. iii. 64. PR. Ovtu; ucroo'ta fAv on 
fiuv (' of lupines/ xiv. 153.) sV^sv *5 ruv 
aygiuv Xa%dvuv, zTiXifev o"s xa) al xgyjvai 
p'touffat <rou •^/v^ov 'vba.705, u; It) raurd fft 
v<r ifjt.ti^a.vla.s \Xfo~iv ; aXXa tTiXov us ob% 
vSaros, evTs ctXXa TZftftdruv xa) 
o\}/U9 xa.) o'lvov uvdoc/alou l-rt&vfiuv laXus, 
xaSaTi^ o XafZga?, avrlv y.aXa Itxalus rev 
ogtyo'/ttvov toutuv XatfjCbv ttxTagus- waga 
vtobas roiyagouv tyis Xt%vilas ravrvis vaTi- 
%ti/>a, xa) uaTt(> ol Tidnxoi xXoiaj o*ih)s tov 
rgd%nXov uXXots (tiv yiXura Tagi^us, aav- 



<ru ds boxus rguQav, on s<rrt croi <ruv t<r%a- 
buv a<p6o'vea; hr^ayuV h d' iXivhoia xa) <ro 
ibyivXs, cbv avroTs tyvXzrui; xa) (p^dro^fft, 
QoovBa vravra, xa) ovhi fivrijU.'/] ti$ uvtuV 
Luc. purl!, am. 24. Cf. v 6 sqq. R. 

158. 'Than a parasite in all the 
agonies of disappointed hunger.' PR. 

159. Cf. i. 45. expletur lacrymis 
egeriturque dolor ; Ov. Tr. IV. iii. 38. 7?. 

161. Cf. Pers. v. 73—90. Hor. II S. 
vii. 32 sqq. 80—94. 111. and I Ep. xvi. 
63 sqq. Mart. II. liii. IX. xi. R. 

162. Cf. Hor. II S. vii. 38. Mart. I. 
xciii. 9. V. xiv. 7 sqq. srt Tz xa) r, xv'taaa 
h ruv ffxivx^oftivav Is to IiiItvov aTixvaii 

Luc. Catap. 16. R. 

163. « Utterly destitute.' LU. cf. iv. 
49. 

' Him and his insolence.' LU. 

164. ' A second time.' M. 

' The golden boss' was an amulet 
adopted from the Etruscans, (who pro- 
bably brought it from the east,) and at 
first was worn only by the children of the 
nobility. In process of time it became 
common, like the tria nomina, to all who 
were free-born. It was a hollow globule 
something in the shape of a heart. This 
badge of liberty was worn by the children 
of all ranks of freemen till the age of fif- 
teen. In our author's days the golden 
bulla was probably used only by the rich ; 
the poorer classes had it of leather or 
other cheap materials. Pers. v. 31. VS. 
LU. G. Macr. i. 6. PR. xiii. 33. M. xiv. 
5. Plin. xxxiii. 1 s 4. Aur. Vict. 6. Plut. 
Rom. p. 30. R. [Livy xxvi, 36, 6. ED.] 

166. i. 133 sq. cf. the quotations from 
Lucian at 22 and 157. R. ■ 

O'/ftot, ri SJfr' trsgipas u rdXatvd (jli 



106 THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. 



Semesum leporem atque aliquid de clunibus apri. 
Ad nos jam veniet minor altilis." Inde parato 
Intactoque omnes et stricto pane tacetis. 
170 Ille sapit, qui te sic utitur. Omnia ferre 
Si potes, et debes. Pulsandum vertice raso 
Praebebis quandoque caput nec dura timebis 
Flagra pati, his epulis et tali dignus amico. 



'EXvr)i ror, oh fjtAxXovatt ^ictrsXsTv %olgiv ; 
Eur. Her. 434 sq. Ph. 407 sqq. 

This is the soliloquy of the expectant 
parasite. LU. 

Movov ruv vrioi(pt(>o{ji.ivojv to. otrrct, si 
cciplxoiro f^'sx,^ 1 f° u > xa 0£mg ol xvvsf Ttgt- 
tff^iuv, h to ffxk'/igov <tyi; /jtocXd^n; QuXXov, 
<>) t« uXXu ffvvsiXovtriv, si vors^ocphiv vto 

TUV TgOXCtrUXSIfASVUV, CtffflSVOS VTO X/ftov 

<yTctgctipctfxsvo$. Luc. p.ur6. <rvv. 26. oh Xsv- 

XOV <T0T£ UgTOV SftQogVlfaiS , (cf. 67 75.) 

ours ys No/nudixou n <Pottr(ocvov ogvitiost oZv 

(Z9XlS T« 0O-TU. YifjCtV XXTCtXiXomi' (cf. 114.) 

ib. 17. R. 

168. Minor may mean either (1) 
' smaller poultry' (viz. ' chicken or clucks' 
as distinguished from • geese') : LU. or 
(2) ' lessened' by Virro having helped 



himself to what he wanted. BRI. 

' Hence' i. e. * owing to this constant 
state of expectation.' LIT". 

169. ' With your bread clinched in 
your hand ready to commence the action,' 
(a metaphor from a sword) ' and yet 
untouched ; because you are lying by, 
in silent expectancy, for the good things 
which are to come'. LU. 

170. ' He shows his sense by the way 
in which he treats you.' LU. 

HI. Et* also.' PR. 

172. 1 One of these days we may 
expect to see you playing the clown in a 
pantomime, (viii. 192.) or submitting to 
any servile indignities.' VS. Pers. v. 82 
sq. PR. Ter. Eun. II. ii. 13. Plaut. Capt. 
I. i. 20. R. 



SATIRE VI. 



ARGUMENT. 

This Satire is the most complete of our Author's works; and one in which 
all his excellencies are combined. Forcible in argument, flowing in 
diction, bold, impassioned, and sublime it looks as if the Poet, consci- 
ous of the difficulties which he had to grapple with, had taxed all his 
powers to do justice to the theme. 

It is addressed to UrsidiusPostumus as a dissuasive from marriage, grounded 
on the impossibility of meeting with any eligible partner ; the good old 
times being long gone by, when females were chaste and frugal : 1 — 29. 
If therefore he was tired of a bachelor's life, he had better bid adieu to 
this world altogether. 30 — 4/. 

The catalogue, which it contains, of vices and follies is most appalling ; 
but is not very methodically arranged. Luxury is the source of all, 
2S6 — 300. From this spring — unbridled lust, pervading all ranks, 47 — 
132. 327 sqq. 366—378. 597—601. gallantry, 231—241. artfulness, 
271 — 278. unnatural passions, 318 — 326. attachment to unfeminine 
pursuits, 67 — 70.246 — 267- boldness, 279 — 285. coarse manners, 418 — 
433. drunkenness, 300 — 319. 425 sqq. profaneness, 306* — 345. quarrel- 
someness, 268 — 270. litigiousness, 242 — 245. cruelty, 413 — 418. 474— 
495. waywardness 200 — 223. and fickleness, 224—230. imperiousness, 
presuming upon wealth and beauty, 136 — 160. pride, 161 — 183. ambi- 
tious extravagance, 352 — 365. 495 — 511. love of finery and cosmetics, 
457 — 460. fondness for public singers and dancers, 379 — 397- gossip- 
ing, 398 — 412. affectation, 184 — 199. pedantry, 434 — 456. superstition 
and credulity, 511 — 591. the producing of abortion, 592 — 597- the 
introducing of supposititious children, 602 — 609. the employment of 
philtres, 133 — 135. 610 — 626. poisoning of step-sons, 627 — 652. and 
murder of husbands. 652 — 661. G. R. 

The ashes of the ladies, whose disreputable actions are here recorded, have 
long been covered by the Latian and Flaminian ways ; nor have their 
follies, or their vices, much similarity with those of modern times. 

It would seem from internal evidence, that this Satire was written under 
Domitian. It has few political allusions, and from its subject might not 
have been displeasing to that ferocious hypocrite, who affected at various 
times a wonderful anxiety to restrain the licentiousness of the age ! G. 

Among other writers who have been severe upon the female sex are Euri- 
pides generally, and Aristophanes in his Thesmophoriazusae. With 
this Satire may also be compared Lucian, Amoves c. 33 sqq. c. 38 sqq. R. 
Jo. Filesaci Uxor Justa; SR. Chrysostom, homily on Herodias; Barth. 
ep. from Spain to Celestin, p. m. 334 sqq. les Memoires de Brantosme ; 
HN. Simonides ; Ariosto, Aretino. and Boccacio among the Italians ; 
among the French, Jean de Meung, Gringoire, Moliere, la Fontaine, 
Boileau in Sat. x, ACH, and Pope in his Moral Essays, ep. ii. 



108 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Credo Pudicitiam Saturno rege moratam 
In terris visamque diu, quum frigida parvas 
Prseberet spelunca domos ignemque laremque, 
Et pecus et dominos communi clauderet umbra ; 
Silvestrem montana torum quum sterneret uxor 
Frondibus et culmo vicinarumque ferarum 
Pellibus, haud similis tibi, Cynthia, nec tibi, cujus 
Turbavit nitidos exstinctus passer ocellos ; 



1. Credo implies some doubt. LU. 

Julia lex (38) ex quo renata est, atque 
intrare domos jussa Pudicitia est; 
Mart. VI. vii. 1 sq. 

' The reign of Saturn,' who was said 
to have been king of Latium, was ' the 
golden age.' cf. Hes. O. D. i. LU. 
Cic. de N. D. ii. 64. Virg. E. iv. 6—45. 
JE. vii. 180. viii. 314—329. Ov. M. i. 
89 sqq. Lactant. i. ult. v. 5. S Hieron. 
in Isa. iv. 11. ix. ult. PR. xiii. 28 sqq. 
38 sqq. Tib. I. hi. 35 sqq. Lucr. v. 
905—1026. Prop. II. xxxii. 52 sqq. 
Ov. Her. iv. 131 sqq. R. 

' Tarried :' understand esse. 

3. Domus antra fuerunt, et densi fru- 
tices et vinctce cortice virga ; Ov. M. i. 
121 sq. Euryalus and his brother Hy- 
perbius are said to have built at Athens 
the first dwellings of brick ; Toxius was 
the iirst who constructed houses of mud 
in imitation of swallows' nests ; previously 
to which antra et specus erunt ])ro domibus; 
Plin. vii. 56. PR. uemora atque cavos 
■mantes silvasqtte colebant, et f rut ices inter 
cotidebant squulida membra, verbera ven- 
torum vitare imbresque coacti ; Lucr. v. 
953 — 955. R. Such was the cave of 
Inkle and Yarico : Spect. No. 11. 

' The household god whose altar was 
the hearth.' The deceased were buried in 
their houses, and afterwards worshipped 
as the tutelary deities of the mansion. 
SV. 

4. Antiquitus ante usum tectorum oves 
in antris claudebantur ; Fest. v. caulae. 
R. Thus old Silenus, says " uvayKaicos 

na@a.(>oi<riv uvrgois (Jt-n^ot. r £i<r$s%Mp.t0iz'" 
Eur. Cyc. 32 — 35. See other parts of 
the same play. 

5. Silvestres homines ; Hor. A. P. 391. 
PR. antra petens : contra ignis, viridi- 
oue torus de j'ronde ; V. Flacc. i. 1 36 sq. 



silva domus fuerat, [cibus herba, cubilia 
frondes; Ov. A. A. ii. 475. To this 
hardy and simple mode of living may be 
attributed the unsophisticated virtues of 
olden times : cf. 286 sqq. and xiv. 161 
sqq. R. 

6. ' With leaves and straw.' LU. 

silvestria membra nuda dubant terrce 
nocturno tempore capti, circum se foiiis ac 

frondibus involventes ; Lucr. v. 968 

970. PR. 

' Of neighbouring brutes.' scecla fe- 
rarum, iiifestam miseris faciebunt sccpe 
quietem : ejectique domo ftigiebant saxea 
tecta seligei i Suis uduentu validique Leonis, 
atque intempesta cedebunt nocte paventes 
hospitibus sccvis instrata cubilia fronde ; 
Lucr. v. 980—985. 

7. Manuummira freti virtute pedumque 
consectubantur silvestria scecla ferarum 
missilibus suxis et ?nagno pondere clavaz 
multaque vincebunt ; Lucr. v. 964 — 967. 

Hand similis: cf. Lucr. v. 923 sqq. 

R. 

Cynthia, whose real name was Hostia, 
was the mistress cf Propertius. LU. R. 

The other beauty is Lesbia (her real 
name was Claudia) the mistress of Ca- 
tullus, whose exquisite hendecasyllables 
on the death of this favourite sparrow are 
still extant. LU. R. G. 

8. Passer mortuus est meaz puellce, 
quern plus ilia oculis suis amabat. O mi- 
setle passer! tua nunc opera mece puellce 
flendo turgiduli rubetit ocelli; Cat. iii. 
3. 5. 16—18. LU. ii. PR. Mart. VII. 
xiv. 3 sq. R. 

' Whose beaming eyes were clouded :' 
a metaphor from the face of the heavens. 
LU. a-vvnipovv op,ftctret. GR. Uirbatiore 
cozlo; Suet. Tib. 69. The Gaul who 
fought Valerius, is described (when as- 
sailed by the raven) to have been 
oculis simul ac meute turbatus; Liv. 
vii. 26. 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



100 



Sed potanda ferens infantibus ubera magnis 
10 Et ssepe horridior glandem ructante marito. 
Quippe aliter tunc orbe novo cceloque recenti 
Vivebant homines, qui rupto robore nati 
Compositive luto nullos habuere parentes. 
Multa Pudicitiae veteris vestigia forsan 
15 Aut aliqua exstiterint et sub Jove ; sed Jove nondum 
Barbato, nondum Grsecis jurare paratis 
Per caput alterius, quum furem nemo timeret 
Caulibus aut pom is et aperto viveret horto. 



9. ' To be quaffed,' and not merely 
1 sucked.' The children were more ro- 
bust when born, and were not weaned 
so very soon. According to Hesiod, sons 
were under their mother's management 
for the first hundred years of their life. 
GR. LU. xv. 70. PR. Lucr. v. 925. R. 
The above passage is charmingly imitated 
by Beaumont and Fletcher : " Phil. 
O, that I had but digg'd myself a cave, 
Where I, my fire, my cattle, and my bed 
Might have been shut together in one 
shed ; And then had taken me some 
mountain girl, Beaten with winds, chaste 
as the harden'd rock Whereon she 
dwells ; that might have strew'd my bed 
With leaves and reeds and with the 
skins of beasts, Our neighbours ; and 
have born at her big breasts My large 
coarse issue ;" Philaster, Act IV. G. 

10. ' More unpolished.' LU. 

" And fat with acorns belch'd their 
windy food." D. Plin. vii. 56. xvii. 
procem. and 5. PR. Virg. G. i. 8. 148. 
R. glundiferas inter curabant corpora 
quercus plerumque ; Lucr. v. 937. glan- 
dem quercus, oracula prima, Jerebunt : hcec 
erat et teneri cespitis herba, cibus; Ov. 
Am. III. x. 9 sq. M. i. 106. Hor. I S. 
iii. 100. 

11. Tellure nova cxloque recenti: 
Lucr. v. 905. R. With the words of 
this Epicurean our author did not adopt 
his system : see xv. 142 sqq. G. 

12. Gens virum truncis et duro robore 
nata; Virg. 3L. viii. 315. The idea ori- 
ginated from the circumstance of men's 
coming forth in the morning from the 
hollow trees in which they had passed 
the night. LU. Concepius sub robore 
creverat infans qucerebatque viam qua se 
exsereret : . . . . arbor agit rimas et Jissa 
cortice vivum reddit onus; Ov. M. x. 
503 sqq. 512 sq. GR. 



13. ' Formed of clay either by the 
Deity, or by Prometheus.' PR. iv. 133. 
xiv. 35. M. Hes. O. D. 61. Pbocyl. 
2 sqq. Hence man is called o 
YlgoimSnos* Callim. fr. lxxxvii. R. 

* No parents to teach them wicked- 
ness.' cf. 232 sqq. 

14. ' Perhaps; but Jupiter so soon 
commenced his profligate career, that it 
is doubtful.' LU. 

15. Then began the silver age : LU. 
sub Jove mundus erat; subiit argentea 
proles, auro deterior: Ov. M. i. 114 sq. 
Tib. I. iii. 49 sqq. R. 

16. For as soon as he was an adult, 
he was an adulterer, cf. 59. xiii. 41. 58. 
R. Our author treats the vices and fol- 
lies of the popular deities with as little 
ceremony as those of Nero or Domitian 
or any other object of Iris abhorrence. 
G. 

17. ' Before perfidy and perjury were 
common.' PR. The Greeks of that day 
were a most degenerate race : iii. 58 — 
125. xiv. 240. Cic. pro Flacc. for at one 
time ' Attic faith' was proverbially as 
good, as « Punic faith' was bad. V. Pat. 
ii. 23. Plaut. Asin. I. iii. 47. The 
word paratis also denotes the levity with 
which they regarded the solemn obli- 
gation of an oath. cf. Sen. Helv. 10. 
and xiii. 90 sqq. R. 

The Greeks introduced forms of swear- 
ing not only by Jove, thence called 
o^moi, but by other deities, and also by 
their own head or that of others : like 
Ascanius, " Per caput hocjuro, per quod 
pater ante solebat ;" Virg. M. ix. 300. PR. 
M. The custom of swearing by the life 
of another, is an Asiatic one, and pro- 
bably originated in the first great mo- 
narchies. G. 

18. • Honesty was great and tempt- 
ation little.' R. Afterwards gaidens were 



110 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Paulatim deinde ad superos Astrsea recessit 
20 Hac comite atque duas pariter fugere sorores. 
Antiquum et vetus est, alienum, Postume, lectum 
Concutere atque sacri genium contemnere fulcri. 
Omne aliud crimen mox ferrea protulit aetas : 
Viderunt primos argentea saecula mcechos. 
25 Conventum tamen et pactum et sponsalia nostra 
Tempestate paras, jam que a tonsore magistro 
Pecteris et digito pignus fortasse dedisti ! 
Certe sanus eras. Uxorem, Postume, ducis? 



enclosed, and Priapus placed in them as 
a protector. GR. Tib. I. iii. 43 sq. 
Plin. xix. 4. R. Calp. i. 37 sq. HK. 

Viveret agrees with quisque, which is 
often implied although a negative, as 
nemo, may precede : suasit ne se moveret 
et expecturet ; C. Nep. xviii. 6. R. 

19. Victa jacet Pietas : et virgo cade 
madentes, ultima coclestum, terras Astrcea 
reliquit; Ov. M. i. 149 sq. LU. The 
daughter of Jupiter and Themis, and 
goddess of justice. PR. On retiring to 
heaven, she was translated into the sign 
of Virgo, and her balance became Libra. 
M. Janus says " Tunc ego regnabam, 
patiens cum terra deorum esset et humanis 
numina mista locis : nondum Justitiam 
facinus mortale fugarat : ultima de superis 
ilia reliquit humum ;" Ov. F. i. 247 sqq. 
Virg. G.ii. 473 sq. R. 

20. Cf. Pudor et Justitice soror incor- 
rupta Fides nudaque Veritas ; Hor. I Od. 
xxiv. 6 sq. PR. * With her for a com- 
panion :' ' A^avxruv (itrra. <pv\u "rriv, ergo- 
Xivr'ovr avS^uTous, Altiu$ xcti 

Hes. O. D. 199 sq. morantur pauci ri- 
dicuhon effugientem ex Urbe Pudorem ; 
xi. 54 sq. R. See note on 23. 

21. Hor. I S. iii. 106 sqq. R. 
Ursidius Postumus is the friend 

whom he is dissuading from matrimony. 
LU. 

22. ' To violate the nuptial couch 
(Cat. vi. 10 sq. thalamos icmerare pu- 
dioos, Ov. Am. I. viii. 19. et fcedera 
lecti ; Id. Her. v. 101. R.) and set at 
defiance the deity to whom the marriage 
bed is sacred.' LU. VS. 

' The Genius:' Pers.ii. 3. PR. Hence 
the bed is called genial is; x. 334. 
cf. Tib. I. vii. 49. Hor. Ill Od. xvii. 
14. R. 

Fulcrum is properly ' the bedstead.' 



LU. xi. 95. Prop. IV. vii. 3. R. 

23. De duro est ultima ferro, prothius 
irrumpit vena? pejoris in cevum omne nej'as: 
fugere Pudor Verumque Fidesque ; Ov. 
M. i. 127—129. PR. 

24. For instance, Jupiter, Neptune, 
Mars, LU. Mercury, Apollo, arid Venus. 
PR. 

25. * And yet you are mad enough to 
be preparing marriage covenant, and 
contract, and settlement!' SA. These 
are legal terms; (1) the preliminary meet- 
ing, when the suitor made his proposals 
to the family : (2) the compact, when 
the father promised to give the hand of 
his daughter : (3) the marriage con- 
tract, when they were formally betrothed, 
and the settlement (if any) drawn up 
and duly signed and attested. R. 

26. * To make yourself more fasci- 
nating to the lady, LU. you place your 
head (which surely must be cracked!) 
under the hands of a first-rate artiste.' 
Quid tibi mine molles prodest coluisse 
capillos scepeque mutatos disposuisse comas 1 
Quid suco splendente genas onerasse 1 
Quid ungues artijicis docta subsecuisse 
munu 1 t\c. Tib. I. viii. 9 sqq. R. 

27. On the day of the wedding a plain 
iron ring (for which one of gold was 
substituted in after times, R.) was sent 
to the bride, which she wore on the 
fourth finger of the left hand, because in 
that finger there was said to be a vein 
communicating directly with the heart. 
Gell. x. 10. Macr. vii. 13. Plin. xxxiii. 
1. A. PR. 

28. ' You always used to be considered 
of sound mind.' Gell. i. 6. PR. A. Ov 
yctpil?, lav yt vovv s%$s, rovrov xa.ru.- 
XtTTav rov (hlov' yiyufiyixx ycc^ avrog, 
rovro trot •ffa.gutVM pri ya-ftuv. B Auioy- 
{4,'evov ro -rgccyfA' uvippitpdiv xv/Zos. A. 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



Ill 



Die, qua Tisiphone, quibus exagitare colubris? 

30 Ferre potes dominam salvis tot restibus ullam ? 
Quum pateant altae caligantesque fenestra ? 
Quum tibi vicinum se praebeat iEmilius pons ? 
Aut si de multis nullus placet exitus, illud 
Nonne putas melius, quod tecum pusio dormit? 

35 Pusio, qui noctu non litigat, exigit a te 

Nulla jacens illic munuscula, nec queritur, quod 
Et lateri parcas nec, quantum jussit, anheles? 
Sed placet Uvsidio lex Julia : tollere dulcem 
Cogitat heredem cariturus turture magno 



Tlsget/vi' awQi'ms Ti vvv' u.X'/idtvov sis weXayos 
etvrov i/u(ZosXt7; yap Tf^ay^uTcov oh Aifiyxbv, 
oil) AtyaTov, oho Aiyvtfnov, ov twv 
vptaxovr olx nvroXXvrai rgia fXoiugia' 
ynp.ot$ V ov$i us o-'icruaff oXas' Menand. 
ind xaXus a.'ffoXoiG' , otrrt; yvvoitxa liwrigaw 
tytlp.y tcv yag vgarov ebx \ou xaxus' o 

fiiV yu() YjV UTTUPOS- olfAUt. TOV XCtZOU 

olov jjv yvvYi xaxov, triTriitrftivo;' Eubul. 
both in Ath. xiii. 1. R. 

29. Tisiphone was one of the three 
Furies, daughters of Acheron and Night; 
her sisters were Alecto and Megaera. 
They had snakes instead of hair, Virg. 
M. vii. 329 &c. SA. PR. (tyioirXaxetftei) 
and were believed to drive men mad. R. 

30. ' A female tyrant (cf. 43. 136. 
457. with vi. 376. ix. 78. Epict. Ench. 
40. 62. Tib. II. iv. 1 sqq. Tac. A. ii. 
87. R.) ' when there are so many halters 
to be had, which would put you out of 
your misery at once.' SA. tunc patiere 
pudendum, cum tibi tot mortes scelerisque 
brevissima tanti effugia ? V. Flacc. vii. 
331 — 333. ego illam (fortunain) feram, 
quum in manu mea mors sit ? Sen. Ep. 41 . 
72. 

31. ' And dizzy windows.' LU. ca- 
ligat in altis obtutus saiis; Sil. iii. 492. R. 

32. ' The .^Emilian Bridge' was built 
by M. iEm. Scaurus in the Flaminian 
Road, LU. a mile out of town. PR. It 
is more correctly called the Mulvian 
Bridge. Aur. Vict. 72, 8. Sail. Cat. 
45. R. 

34. ' A stripling Cic. Ccel, 15. 
T. Q. i. 24. R. Juvenal is not here 
seriously advising the sin which he con- 
demns elsewhere, but is using an argu- 
mentum ad hominem, (observe the word 
dormit not dor mi at, and v. 42.) 
LU, This is one of those passages (un- 



fortunately of too frequent occurrence in 
our author) which cannot well be lite- 
rally translated. M. 

35. ' Who does not trouble you with 
curtain lectures :' see 268 sq. R. 

36. ' Who does not teaze you out of 
this little present and that little present.' 
Ov. A. A. iii. 805 sq. GR. 

Illic ' in bed.' R. 

37. ' Who does not complain of the 
little pains you take to oblige.' VS. 

38. Ursidius, having sown his wild 
oats, has now no objection to the rigid 
enforcement of the Julian law against 
adultery, and is willing to trust to that 
security for the fidelity of his future 
spouse ; at the same time he is desirous 
of qualifying himself for becoming an 
heir or legatee, by renouncing celibacy, 
which (according to another Julian law) 
incapacitated a person from receiving 
either an inheritance or a bequest by 
legacy, unless of kin to the testator. VS. 
LI on Tac. An. iii. 25. Cf. ii. 37. ix. 
87 sqq. R. PR. Plin. vi. 31. Mart. VI. 
vii. G. 

It is a common notion that a new- 
born infant was laid on the ground, and 
that the father by taking it up acknow- 
ledged it for his own : whence arose the 
phrase t o Her e or suscipere liberos. 
But the latter verb is applied to the 
mother also : Plaut. True. II. iv. 45. 
Ter. Heaut. III. v. 14 sq. R. 

39. Cogitat Ursidius, sibi dote jugare 
puellam, tit placeat domino, cogitat Ur- 
sidius. Cogitat Ursidius, heredem tollere 
parvum, Ut placeat domino, cogitat Ur- 
sidius. Cogitat Ursidius, domino qua- 
cumque placere virgine vel puero : quam 
sapit Ursidius! Epigr. in Anthol. BU, 
t. i. p. 685. HK. 



112 THE SATIRES sx 

40 Mullorumque jubis et captatore macello. 
Quid fieri non posse putes, si jungitur ulla 
Ursidio ? si mcechorum notissimus olim 
Stulta maritali jam porrigit ora capistro, 
Quern toties texit perituri cista Latini ? 

45 Quid ? quod et antiquis uxor de moribus ill i 

Quaeritur. O, medici, mediam pertundite venam ! 
Delicias hominis ! Tarpeium limen adora 



* Though certain of losing, on be- 
coming a father, if not on becoming a 
husband, all those dainty presents with 
which legacy-hunters had previously 
plied him.' LU. FE. iv. 18 sqq. v. 98. 
136 sqq. PR. x. 202. M. 

' Turtle-doves' were considered great 
delicacies. BRI. tit tibi istos habeas 
turtures, pisces, aves ; Plaut. Most. I. i. 
44. PR. Mart. III. lxx. 7. lxxxii. 21. 
XIII. liii. R. 

40. « And bearded surmullets.' iv. 15. 
v. 92. PR. mulli barba gemina in- 
signiuntur inferiori labro ; Plin. ix. 17 s 
30. These barbati mulli, Cic. Att. ii. 1. 
Varr. R. R. iii. 17. were the more deli- 
cate. Ttnoiriv V e(py) rh» rg'iyktiv "Zutp^uv 
(a Syracusan writer of Mimes), Itu al 
<r& y'cvtiov e%ou(reci ffiiovti ilfft (tuWov tuv 
UxXaV Ath. vii. 21. R. 

* And all the tempting baits of the 
market, with which old .men are caught.' 
FE. v. 95. 97. PR. xi. 64. R. 

41. Mopso Nisa datur, quid non spe- 
remus amantes? jungentur jam gryphes 
equis, &;c. Virg. E. viii. 26 sqq. PR. 
Thus Benedick says, " I will not be 
sworn, but love may transform me to an 
oyster ; but I'll take my oath on it, till 
he have made an oyster of me, he shall 
never make me such a fool ." and pre- 
sently afterwards, '* I may chance have 
some odd quirks and remnants of wit 
broken on me, because I have railed so 
long against marriage: But doth not the 
appetite alter'? A man loves the meat in 
his youth that he cannot endure in his 
age:" Shaksp. Much Ado about No- 
thing, II. iii. 

The words conjux and in matrimonio 
are to be supplied. LU. Virg. JE. iv. 
192. R. 

43. Lnxuria puerilis nuptialibus 
ped icis colligunda ; Apul. LU. ' Like 
a beast of burden who quietly stretches 
forth his head to the bridle or halter.' M. 



det inollibus ora capistris ; Virg. G. iii. 
188. Cf. Pallad. epig. xiii. in Brunck's 
Anal. t. ii. p. 409. and note on ix. 5. Ii. 
See also 206 sqq. 

44. ' Latinus, in the farce, to escape 
from the incensed husband was obliged 
to jump into any place of concealment 
that came first to hand.' VS. T. turpi 
clausus in area, qxio te demisit peccati 
conscia herilis, contractum genibus ta7Jgis 
caput ; eslque marito matronce peccantis in 
umbo justa potestas ; Hor. II S. vii. 
59 — 62. PR. By omitting one letter we 
should have perju ri, VA. which would 
give us an imitation of the Virgilian 
cadences in IE. ii. 195. and JE. v. 8L1. 
Thus Roscius is said to have acted 
improbissimum et p erj ur i, s s imum le- 
nonem; Cic. pro Rose. 7. where it is 
opposed by the orator to c a stum. HR. 
' You have often acted the venturous 
gallant, and now you are going to act 
the duped husband.' See note on i. 36. 
and Shaksp. Merry Wives of Windsor, 
III. iii. Ov. A. A. iii. 607 sqq. 

45. ' And he would have forsooth one 
of the wives of the golden age V LO. 
' knowing, as he well must, that such a 
one is not to be got now-a-days for love 
or money.' R. 

Quid! quod: cf. iii. 147. M. 

46. Some suppose the vein in the arm, 
called mediana, to be meant. BRI. 
This calling for the doctor, as though 
Ursidius were labouring under a brain 
fever, is in the same style as xiv. 252. 
xiii. 97. Hor. II S. iii. 166. R. 

47. Ten', o delicias! extra communia 
censes ponendum? xiii. 140 sq. 4 You 
are a pretty fellow to expect better luck 
than your neighbours, when you are the 
last man to deserve it.' R. LU. 

' The temple of Capitoline Jove on 
the summit of the Tarpeian rock,' con- 
tained three chapels, one sacred to J u n o, 
another to Minerva, and the central one 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



113 



Pronus et auratam Junoni csede juvencam, 
Si tibi contigerit capitis matrona pudici. 

50 Paucae adeo Cereris vittas contingere dignse, 

Quarum non timeat pater oscula. Necte coronam 
Postibus et densos per limina tende corymbos. 
Unus Iberinae vir sufficit ? Ocius illud 
Extorquebis, ut haec oculo contenta sit uno. 

55 " Magna tamen fama est cujusdam rure paterno 
Viventis." Vivat Gabiis, ut vixit in agro ; 
Vivat Fidenis ! Et agello cedo paterno. 
Quis tamen affirmat, nil actum in montibus aut in 
Speluncis ? Adeo senuerunt Jupiter et Mars ? 



to Jupiter. LU. cf. x. 65 sqq. Ut templi 
tetigere gradus procumbit uterque pron u s 
humi getidoque pavens dedit oscula (tf%p<r- 
3tvn7) saxo ; Ov. M. i. 375 sq. R. 

48. Auratis cor nib us hostice majores 
dumtaxat immolabantur ; Plin. xxxiii. 3. 
XXxiv. 4. LU. PR. ffoi V ctv \yu> pt%u fiovv 
vviv, xgvcrov xl^aert vregi%t vets' Horn. Od. 
T 382 sqq. 425 sq. 437 sqq. Tib. IV. i. 
15. V. Flacc. i. 89. iii. 431. Plat. Alcib. 
ii. p. 176. The magnitude of the bless- 
ing would not only require a larger vic- 
tim, but one with gilded horns. R. 

Junoni ante omnes cui vincla jugalia 
cures; Virg. M. iv. 59. LU. Ov. Am. 
III. xiii. 3 sqq. R. 

49. ' Head' for ' person.' by synec- 
doche. PR. 

50. ' To be priestesses of Ceres,' whose 
statue, as that of other deities, was deco- 
rated with ' fillets.' VS. None but chaste 
matrons were admissible to the celebra- 
tion of her rites. FA. cf. xv. 140 sq. 
Callim. in Cer. 1 and 5. Conripuere 
sacram effigiem, manibusque cruentis vir~ 
gineas ausi divce contingere vittas ; Virg. 
JE. ii. 167 sq. R. 

51. " So strong their filial kisses smack 
of lust." G. 

52. Previously to bringing home the 
bride, the doorposts of the bridegroom 
were adorned with wreaths of flowers and 
boughs of evergreens, and scaffolding was 
erected in front of the house and along 
the streets through which the new-married 
couple were to pass, for the accommoda- 
tion of those who flocked to see the 
nuptial procession. The poorer classes 
also had their garlands and processions, 
on a smaller scale. G. 78 sq. M. 227 sq. 



ix. 85. x. 65. xii. 84. 91. Ov. M. iv. 
759. Claud. Nupt. H. et M. 208. R. 

53. ' Do you expect that Iberina 
(your wife that is to be) will rest content 
with one husband?' FA. 

54. ' If such a proposal were seriously 
made to her, she would exclaim " Eripiet 
quivis oculos citius mihi /" Hor. II S. v. 
85. FA. Sil. iv. 758 sq. R. 

Illud and hcec serve only as props to 
the metre. JO. The lines are careless 
and unpoetical. G. 

55. ' Yet Fame speaks well of a cer- 
tain young lady who has spent all her 
life at her father's house in the country.' 
PR. But the less fame has to do with 
the female character, the better; cf. 
Thuc. ii. 46 Jin. 

56. ' Before I can admit her to be the 
paragon of virtue which you fondly fancy 
her, she must have seen some little of 
the world.' 

Gabii, once a city of the Volsci, and 
Fidenag, an ancient town of Latium, in 
point of populousness, were but one re- 
move from her father's farm. cf. x. 100. 
Gabiis desertior atque Fidenis vicus ; Hor. 
I Ep. xi. 7 sq. PR. G. 

57. ' I grant what you say as to her 
correct conduct while under her father's 
roof.' M. 

58. ' Bnt she could not have been 
always within doors : therefore no one 
can answer for what may have hap- 
pened.' 

59. See note on 16. PR. cf. Tib. II. 

i. 67. quid ergo est, quare apud poetas 
salacissimus Jupiter desierit liberos tollere t 
utrum sexagenarius factus est, et illi lex 
Papia jibulam (cf. v. 73.) imposuitl 



Q 



114 THE SATIRES sm 

60 Porticibusne tibi monstratur femina voto 
Digna tuo ? Cuneis an habent spectacula totis, 
Quod securus ames quodque inde excerpere possis ? 
Chironomon Ledam molli saltante Bathyllo, 



Seneca ap. Lactant. i. 16. R. These 
illicit amours were generally, in ancient 
times, laid to the account of the Gods. 

60. These ' arcades or piazzas' were 
the fashionable lounge of Roman ladies, 
where they might see and be seen, with- 
out exposure to the weather. (Spectatum 
veniuni, veniunt spectentur ut ipsa » Ov. 
A. A. i. 99.) There were several of 
these porticoes : tu modo Pompeia lentus 
spatiare sub umbra ; — nec libi vitetur, quce 
]>orticus auctoris Livia nomen huhet ; — nec 
fuge linigerce Memphitica templa juvencce, 
§c. Ibid. 50 and 67 sqq. PR. M. R. 

61. The steps from bench to bench of 
the amphitheatres, after ascending ob- 
liquely to the uppermost row, descended 
at the same angle of inclination to the 
lowest i so as to divide the seats into the 
shape of ' wedges,' having the points al- 
ternately upwards and downwards, like 
the letter W : see F. LI. 

62. Securus * without misgivings.' 
MNS. 

Sed tu prcecipue curvis venare thealris; 
illic invenies, quod ames, quodque tenere 
velis; Ov. A. A. i. 89 sqq. R. 

63. Before the time of Augustus, the 
Romans were acquainted with no inter- 
medial amusements but mimes and farces 
of the lowest and most desultory kind. 
Buffoons from Tuscany were the per- 
formers in these pieces, which were in- 
troduced between the acts of their tra- 
gedies and comedies, and consisted of 
little more than coarse and licentious 
ribaldry, and the most ridiculous and ex- 
travagant antics. In this state the 
stage was found by Pylades and Bathyl- 
lus ; the latter of whom was a native of 
Alexandria, and one of Maecenas' slaves. 
He had seen Pylades dance in Cilicia, 
and spoke of him in such terms to his 
master, that he sent for him to Rome. 
Here these two men formed the plan of a 
new kind of spectacle, which pleased 
Maecenas so much, that he gave Bathyl- 
lus his freedom, and recommended both 
him and his friend to Augustus. This 
new spectacle was a play performed by 
action alone ; it was exhibited on a mag- 
nificent theatre raised for the purpose, 



and being accompanied by a better 
orchestra than Rome had yet seen, it 
astonished and delighted the people so 
much, that they forsook in some mea- 
sure their tragic and comic poets, for the 
more expressive ballets of Pylades and 
Bathyllus. 

To say the truth, these were very ex- 
traordinary men. The art which they 
introduced they carried to the highest 
pitch of perfection, and however skilful 
their followers may have been, they do 
not appear to have added any thing to the 
magnificence of the scene, or the scien- 
tific movements of the first performers. 
We can form no adequate idea of the 
attachment of the Romans to these ex- 
hibitions : it degenerated into a kind of 
passion, and occupied their whole souls. 
Augustus regarded it with complacency, 
and either from a real love for the art, or 
from policy, conferred honours and im- 
munities on its professors. By an old 
law, magistrates were allowed to inflict 
corporal punishment on mimi and players ; 
pantomimi (such was the expressive name 
given to these new performers) were ex- 
empted from this law; they were besides 
allowed to aspire to honours from which 
the former were excluded. Such protec- 
tion produced its natural effects 
lence in the dancers, and parties among 
the people. Pylades excelled in tragic 
and Bathyllus in comic subjects; hence 
arose disputes on their respective merits, 
which w ere conducted with all the warmth 
of a political question. Augustus flattered 
himself that he should re-establish tran- 
quillity by banishing the former ; but he 
was mistaken ; the people found they had 
lost one great source of amusement by 
his absence, and their clamours occa- 
sioned his immediate recall. The death 
of Bathyllus, soon after this event, left 
Pylades without a rival. He did not 
bear his faculties meekly ; he frequently 
insulted the spectators for not compre- 
hending him, and they endeavoured in 
their turn to make him feel the weight 
of their resentment. He had a favourite 
pupil named Hylas ; this youth they 
opposed to the veteran, who easily tri- 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



115 



Tuccia vesicae non imperat ; Appula gannit, 
65 Sicut in amplexu. Subitum et Miserabile, Longum 



umphed over his adversary, though he 
could not humble him. We hear no 
more of Pylades ; but Hylas fell under 
the displeasure of the emperor soon after, 
and, if I rightly understand Suetonius, 
was, " contrary to the statute in that case 
made and provided," publicly whipped 
at the door of his own house. 

It appears from this that Augustus 
kept the superintendence of these people 
in his own hands. Tiberius left them to 
themselves, and the consequence of his 
indifference was, that the theatres were 
frequently made a scene of contention 
and blood, in which numbers of all 
ranks perished. A variety of regulations, 
as we learn from Tacitus, were now 
made to check the evil, which they only 
served to exasperate ; and in conclusion 
the emperor was obliged to shut up the 
theatres and banish the performers. In 
this state were things at the accession of 
Caligula. His first care was to undo 
every thing that had been done. Under 
this profligate madman, the ballets took 
a licentious turn, and hastened the 
growing degeneracy of manners. Clau- 
dius left them as he found them ; but 
under Xero, the bloody disputes to which 
they constantly gave birth, reluctantly 
compelled that prince to banish them 
once more. He was too fond of the fine 
arts, however, to suffer so capital a 
branch of them to languish in neglect, 
and therefore speedily brought back the 
exiles. From this time the pantomimi 
seem to have flourished unmolested, until 
Paris, the Bathyllus of Domitian's reign, 
raised the jealousy of that wretched 
tyrant, who put him, and a young dancer 
who resembled him, to death, and drove 
the rest from Rome. They were recalled 
the instant the emperor was assassinated, 
and continued through the whole of 
Nerva's and some part of his successor's 
reign ; but they were now become so 
vitiated by the shameful indulgence of 
Caligula and Nero, that, if we may be- 
lieve Pliny, Trajan finally suppressed 
them, at the unanimous desire of the 
people. 

The Chironomon here mentioned, was 
a ballet of action founded on the well- 
known amour of Leda, in which some 
fa\ourite dancer (probably Paris) was 
the principal performer. Whether he 



played the Swan or the Lady cannot 
now be told ; but in a story so wantonly 
framed, and in an age, where so little 
restraint was imposed on an actor, enough 
might be done in either, to interest and 
inflame the coldest spectator. G. 

As the successors of Pylades, in the 
tragic ballet, were called by his name, 
so the successors of Bathyllus, in the 
comic ballet, were honoured with the 
name of that eminent dancer. SA. In 
like manner the name of Roscius has 
been often applied to distinguished ac- 
tors. 

64. • The exhibition of these ballets is 
attended with danger even to the purest 
miads. They would excite improper 
emotions even in the immaculate Vestal's 
breast, and will fill the head of the 
innocent country girl with unchaste ideas.' 
Segnius irritant ayiimos demissa per aurem, 
quam quce sunt oculis subjecta Jidelibus, et 
qua ipsa sibi tradit spectatrix ; Hor. 
A. P. 180 sqq. 

Tuccia was a Vestal, who, when her 
character was impeached, cleared it by 
the ordeal of drawing water in a sieve. 
V. Max. VIII. i. 5. Plin. xxviii. 2. 8. 
To this story there seems an oblique allu- 
sion, cf.i. 39. xi. 161. LU. HN. R. 

' The modest Apulian brunette loses, 
for the time, all sense of decency.' LU. 
pudica mulier, Sabina qualis, aut perusta 
solibus pernicis uxor Appuli ; Hor. Ep. ii. 
39 sq. cf. x. 298 sq. R. 

' Whines.' LU. Apul. Met. ii. p. 119, 
8. princivio tremulis gannitibus aera 
pulsat, verbaque lascivos meretricum imi- 
tantia coetus vibrat ; Auson. Ep. cviii. 
4 sqq. R. 

65. Amplexu ; Sil. xi. 399. R. 

Subitum, Miserabile, Longum, accord- 
ing to J.Pollux, were the technical names 
of certain movements: LU. (cf. Pers. 
i. 33 sqq. Anhelat verbisque sonat plo- 
rabile quiddam ultra nequitiam fractis ; 
Claud. Eutr. i. 259 sqq. R.) correspond- 
ing perhaps to the terms presto, adagio, 
§c. in modern music. 

Lt is wanting before longum. The 
omission of the conjunction is common 
in Juvenal, and is sometimes awkward, 
as in 118. 604. viii. 27. adde et bas- 
caudas, et mille escaria, mult um cce- 
lati ; xii. 46 sq. and particularly here. 
R. 



116 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Attendit Thymele ; Thymele tunc rustica discit. 
Ast alias, quoties aulsea recondita cessant 
Et vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro 
Atque a plebeiis longe Megalesia, tristes 
70 Personam thyrsumque tenent et subligar Acci. 
Urbicus exodio risum movet Atellanae 



66. * Is all attention to.' PR. Marius 
impigre prudenterque suorum et hostium 
res pariter attendere ; Sail. B. J. 93. 

' The most adroit figurante on the 
stage was once but a simple country 
lass ; but she like others caught the 
infection, and to such a degree that she 
now executes to admiration the gestures 
and attitudes which once astonished her 
weak mind.' sallantes Satyros imitabitur 
Alphesibceus ; Virg. E. v. 73. 

Discit ' becomes knowing,' LU. ' takes 
a lesson.' in theatris admonetur omnis 
atas, fieri posse quod factum est ? exempla 
Jiunt, quce jam esse facinora destiterunt. 
adulter ium discitur dum videtur; et leno- 
cinante ad vitia publicce auctoritatis malo, 
quce pudica fortasse ad spectaculum acces- 
serat, inde revertitur impudica. movet 
sensus, mulcet affectus, expugnat boni 
pectoris conscientiam fortiorem ; Cyprian 
Ep. ii. 2. Lact. i. 20. Tertull. de Spect. 
17. Sen. Ep. 17. Colum. pr. PR. R. 

67. When the theatrical season was 
over, ' the curtains were packed away.' 
By ' the curtains' we may understand 
' all the stage property.' LU. M. Ac- 
cording to Isidore ' hangings' were called 
aulaea (Hor. A. P. 154.) from being 
first used in the hall of Attalus king of 
Pergamus. PR. cf. Lucr. iv. 73. Virg. 
G. iii. 24 sq. Ov. M. iii. Ill sqq. R. 

68. Even then " Ccelebs in search of a 
wife" would have known where to have 
looked for one: et fora conveniunt 
(quis credere possit .') amori; Jlammaque 
in arguto sa>pe reperta foro : <Sj - c. Ov. A. 
A. 79 sqq. 

69. From the 5th of April to the 15th 
of November was an interval quite long 
enough to exercise the patience of the 
ladies. G. Understand distant. LU. 

' The Plebeian games' were instituted 
either, exactis regibus, pro libertate plebis; 
autpro reconciliatione plebis post secessionem 
in Aventinum; Ascon. in Verr. ii. Dionys. 
viljin. Plin. vii. 56. A. PR. R. 

Brutus instituted the other games ; 
quos in Palado ?iostri majores ante tern- 
plum, in ipso Matris Magnce conspectu, 



Megalensibus fieri celebrarique voluerunt : 
qui sunt more institutisque maxime casti, 
solemnes, religiosi : qui uni ludi ne verbo 
quidem appellantur Latino, ut vocabulo 
ipso et appctita rcligio externa, et Matris 
Magnce (t^ p i y a k <n s purgo! ) nomine 
suscepta decluretur : servorum Megalesia 
fuenmt! Cic. Mar. Resp. 12. PR. cf. Ov. 
F. iv. 179 sqq. 357. Liv. xxix. 14. 
xxxiv.54. R. During the above interval, 
only the greater scenic games were sus- 
pended. ACH. The Circensian Games in 
honor of Ceres were a patrician 
festival, cf. Ov. F. iv. 353. Gell. ii. 24. 
xviii. 2. H. 

Tristes ' victims of ennui.' 

70. « The tragic mask' was the in- 
vention of ^Eschylus. Hor. A. P. 278. 
PR. iii. 175. R. 

' The spear wreathed with vine-leaves' 
was one of the insignia borne by the 
votaries of Bacchus ; to whom the drama 
was originally sacred. PR. Hor. A. P. 
277. R. 

This ' girdle' was a pair of short 
drawers {-ri^u^a), which merely went 
round the hips, and left the thighs bare. 
FA. scenicorum mos tantam habet a Vetera 
disciplina verecundiam, ut in scenam sine 
subligaculo prodeut nemo ; Cic. Off. i. 
35. PR. 

Accius was the name of a tragic poet 
and annalist, who flourished about A. U. 
600 : but here it is probably some pan- 
tomimic actor who is meant. PR. R. 

71. Urbicus is either the name or 
appellation of some buffoon engaged per- 
haps to amuse the ladies at their private 
theatricals during the recess. PE. cf. 
Mart. 1. xxxii. 11. R. 

Exodium,', iii. 174 sq. PE. Suet. Tib. 
45. PR. The name is perhaps derived 
from its immediately following the J'|a^, 
which is the last part of a tragedy; Arist. 
Poet. VO. 

* The Atellan Play' (cf. note on i. 3.) 
had its name from Atella, a town of the 
Osci in Campania between Capua and 
Naples, now ' Aversa.' It resembled 
the Satyric Drama of the Greeks. Ju- 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



117 



Gestibus Autonoes : hunc diligit iElia pauper. 
Solvitur his magno comoedi fibula. Sunt, quae 
Chrysogonum cantare vetent. Hispulla tragoedo 

75 Gaudet. An exspectas, ut Quintilianus ametur? 
Accipis uxorem, de qua citharoedus Echion 
Aut Glaphyrus fiat pater Ambrosiusque choraules. 
Longa per angustos figamus pulpita vicos : 
Ornentur postes et grandi janua lauro, 

80 Ut testudineo tibi, Lentule, conopeo 



ventus histrionibus fabellarum actu relicto, 
ipsa inter se more antiquo ridicula intexta 
versibusjactitare caepit; qua inde exodia 
postea appellata consertaque fabellis potis- 
simum Atellanis sunt, quod genus 
ludorum ab Oscis acceptum tenuitjuventus, 
nec ab histrionibus pollui passa est. eo 
institutum manet, ut adores Atellanarum 
nec tribu moveantur, et stipendia tamquam 
expertes artis ludicrce faciant ; Liv. vii.2. 
PR. It was somewhat of the same 
nature as the modern burletta of Midas. 

72. Autonoe was one of the unfortu- 
nate daughters of Cadmus and Hermione, 
and the mother of Actaeon. LU. This 
was probably a burlesque of some serious 
ballet on the same subject ; as there was 
little that was laughable in the tragic 
history of Autonoe, G. any more than in 
the loves of Pyramus and Thisbe ; which 
notwithstanding become laughter-stirring 
in the hands of Bottom and his com- 
pany. 

JElia was a lady sprung from a very 
poor though respectable family. V. Max. 
IV. iv. 8. LU. PR. Liv. xxxii. 7. R. 
The object of her affections not being a 
vocal performer did not wear a buckle, 
and therefore was to be obtained at a 
cheaper rate. FE. 

73. " II s'agit d'une operation pratiqute 
par les anciens pour conserver aux acteurs 
lavoix: elle s'appelloit infibulation, 
son objet etoit d'empecher ceux que Von 
boucloit d'avoir commerce avec lesfemmes ;" 
DX. Tertullian, when he says that 
we ought ' to mortify our lusts,' expresses 
it by the wordsfibulam carni imponere. G. 
cf. Cels. vii. 25. LU. Mart. VII. lxxxi. 
PR. v. 378. M. 

With magno understand pretio. LU. 
By his more wealthy ladies are sig- 
nified. LU. 

74. Chrysogonus was a singer, who 
lost his voice owing to hiB debaucheries. 



LU. vii. 176. cf. Ath. xii. 9. R. 

Hispulla; xii. 11. LU. Her niece 
married the younger Pliny ; Ep. iv. 19. 

75. ' Quintilian' was a very virtuous as 
well as learned man, whom Juvenal al- 
ways mentions with respect. Some say 
that he took lessons of him in rhetoric % 
see next satire. G. The name here 
denotes ' a man of genuine worth and 
talent.' LU. cf. 280. Postumus was 
probably a man of genius. R. 

Exspectas ; 239. xiv. 25. Ov. A. A. 
iii. 749. R. 

76. De qua ' by whom. 1 GR. Mart. 
VI. xxxix. R. 

77. ■ The choral flute-player.' LU. 
Glaphyrus was a celebrated performer 

on the flute in the Augustan age. Mart. 
IV. v. Antip. Ep. 28 sq. in Brunck's 
An. t. ii. p. 116. R. See Mart. VI. 
xxxix. G. 

78. * All these grand preparations are 
made ; and for what end 1 Why, that 
thy chaste and exemplary wife may pre- 
sent thee with a fac-simile of some prize- 
fighter.' 

' Made narrow by the crowds of spec- 
tators, LU. as well as by the scaffolding 
erected along them, (note on 52.) from 
which poets recited epithalamia.' VL. 

79. ' With the entire tree :' recto pro- 
ceras stipite laurus ; Cat. lxiv. 290. GR. 
cf. xii. 91. R. 

80. ' Under the canopy of a bedstead 
inlaid with tortoiseshell.' uuvu-rtTov is ' a 
fine meshed (vii. 40.) net to keep off 
gnats,' ' a musquito net.' Hor. Ep. ix. 
16. cf. 89 and xi. 94 sq. VS. LU. M. 
Mart. IX. Ix. 9. XII. lxxvii. 5. XIV. 
lxxxvii. Anthol. iv. 32. Plut. Ant. p. 
927. Varr. R. R. II. x. 8. Prop. III. xi. 
45. R. 

Juvenal, when he gave his friend the 
name of Lentulus, had in view the fol- 
lowing curious anecdote. The consuls 



118 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Nobilis Euryalum mirmillonem exprimat infans. 

Nupta Senatori comitata est Hippia Ludium 
Ad Pharon et Nilum famosaque moenia Lagi, 
Prodigia et mores Urbis damnante Canopo. 

85 Immemor ilia domus et conjugis atque sororis 
Nil patriae indulsit, plorantesque improba natos, 
Utque magis stupeas, ludos Paridemque reliquit. 
Sed quamquam in magnis opibus plumaque paterna 
Et segmentals dormisset parvula cunis, 

90 Contemsit pelagus : famam contemserat olim, 
Cujus apud molles minima est jactura eathedras. 



Lentulus and Metellus (A. U. 696) 
were observed by all the spectators at a 
play, to be extremely like a second and 
third rate actor, then on the stage ! V. 
Max. IX. xiv. 4. The poet insinuates 
with malicious archness, that Ursidius 
could not complain that his 1 son and 
heir' was of less ' noble' origin than him- 
self. G. GR. 

81. Mirmillo; ii. 143 sqq. PR. viii. 
200. R. 

Exprimat is a metaphor taken from 
statuary. R. ' He is the very image of 
Euryalus.' 

83. The ' senator' was Veiento ; iv. 
113. The ' gladiator,' Sergius. LU. iii. 
185. M. 

Hippia; x. 220. R. A similar story 
is told of Alcinoe and Xanthus ; Par- 
then. Erot. 27. HN. The elopement 
of Hippia could not have taken place 
much later than the middle of Domitian's 
reign, about which time this Satire was 
composed. Paris, who is mentioned v. 
87, was put to death not long after ; and 
the pantomimic performers (here spoken 
of as the minions of the ladies) were 
ignominiously driven from the city. G. 

Ludius originally was limited to the 
signification of ' a stage-player :' but 
afterwards it became the proper appella- 
tion of 4 a gladiator.' SA. cf. 104. Ludium 
is here a spondee by trw't^ntis, as in xi. 20. 
cf. iv. 37. R. and iii. 76. 

83. Pharos was a small island in the 
bay of Alexandria on which stood the 
celebrated light-house built by Sostratus, 
and accounted one of the seven wonders 
of the world. LU, PR. R. 

Either ' infamous' on account of the 
dissolute manners which prevailed there ; 



zsfamosus Canopus ; xv. 46. or ' famous,' 
R. as Jerusalem is called jamosa urbs ; 
Tac. H. v. 2. 

Alexandria was made the seat of govern- 
ment when Egypt, after the dismember- 
ment of the empire of Alexander the 
great, was erected into an independent 
kingdom by Ptolemy Lagus founder of 
the Macedonian dynasty. VS. LU. Sil. i. 
196. R. 

84. Prodigia (iv. 97.) et mores, tv 
Wv. R. cf. 285. 

• Even Canopus ;' i. 26. PR. 

86. ' She showed no regard.' PR. 

87. What can mark more strongly the 
madness of Hippia in setting a higher 
value on the Circensian games than on 
every thing which she ought to hold most 
dear, and that of the Romans in being so 
devotedly fond of these amusements t iii. 
223. x. 81. xi. 53. LU. PR. R. 

Paris was a celebrated pantomimic 
actor, who continued a great favourite 
with Domitian, till the empress Domitia 
became enamoured of him ; upon 
which, he was put to death. VS. vii. 
87 sqq. Suet. 3. 10. D. Cass. Mart. XI. 
14. There was another famous actor of 
the same name, whom Nero put to 
death. Suet. 54. Tac. An. xiii. 20. 22. 
27. PR. 

88. i. 159. Ov. M. vii. 62 sqq. R. 

89. ' The cradle' was either (1) ' de- 
corated with fringe.' VS. ii. 124. LU. R. 
Or (2) ' inlaid with tessellated wood,' or 
(3) ' veneered with tortoiseshell.' v. 80. 
PR. R. 

91 . ' The loss of reputation never gives 
noble ladies the slightest concern.' T. 

These ' soft chairs' are either those in 
which they usually sat, or those in which 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



119 



Tyrrhenos igitur fluctus lateque sonantem 
Pertulit Ionium constanti pectore, quamvis 
Mutandum toties esset mare. Justa pericli 

95 Si ratio est et honesta, timent pavidoque gelantur 
Pectore nec tremulis possunt insistere plantis : 
Fortem animum prsestant rebus, quas turpiter audent, 
Si jubeat conjux, durum est conscendere navim, 
Tunc sentina gravis, tunc summus vertitur aer: 

100 Quae mcechum sequitur, stomacho valet. Ilia maritum 
Convomit : haec inter nautas et prandet et errat 
Per puppem et duros gaudet tractare rudentes. 
Qua tamen exarsit forma, qua capta juventa est 
Hippia ? quid vidit, propter quod Ludia dici 

105 Sustinuit? Nam Sergiolus jam radere guttur 
Cceperat et secto requiem sperare lacerto. 
Praeterea multa in facie deformia, sicut 



they were carried when they went out. 
T. LI. FA. i. 65. PR. ix. 52. M. Mart. 
III. lxiii. 7. XII. xxxviii. 1. 

92. ' The Tuscan or Lower Sea.' LU. 

93. ' The Ionian Sea' lies between 
Sicily and Crete. LU. As sonantem is 
masculine, Ionium must agree with 
sinum, as Ionius udo remugiens sinus Noto, 
Hot. Ep. x. 19. or fluctum, BY. or pon- 
tum, as the Greeks call it r'&v 'lo'nov viz. 
-rovrov. R. thus JEgGeus ; Claud. Eutr. ii. 
334. HK. 

94. • So often' viz. the Tuscan, the 
Ionian, the ^Egaean. VS. 

95. Timent gelanturque, ' they are 
frozen with fear.' R. See note on i. 
166. 

97. viii. 165. M. cf . v. 284 sq. Plaut. 
M. Gl. II. v. 54 sqq. R. 

98. ' How hard it is!' ironically. R. 

99. ' The bilge-water is intolerable : 
the sky turns round and round;' i. e. 
* she is sick and giddy.' LU. 

103. ' Her flame had neither beauty 
nor youth to recommend him.' LU. 

104. ' What did she see in him?' 
Ludia ' the fencer's trull.' G. 

105. Diminutives are used as terms of 
endearment: teneo te meum palumbulum, 
meum passerculum; Apul. FE. 

Till A. U. 454, when P. Ticinius 
Maena introduced barbers from Sicily, 



the Romans wore their beards long, and 
hence are called intonsi, barbati, and 
capillati. iii. 186. iv. 103. v. 30. vi. 26. 
xvi. 29. Hor. I Od. xii. 41. II Od. xv. 
11. Tib. II. i. 34. Varr. R. R. II. xi. 
10. Plin. vii. 59. Tac. An. xiv. 15. 
Their chins after this were trimmed, 
either by shaving, or by clipping. Plaut. 
Capt. II. ii. 16. Young lads cherished 
their beards till the age of twenty-one, 
(Ov. A. A. i. 518 sqq. Mart. II. xxxvi. 
3 sqq. August, de Civ. D. iv. 1.) when it 
was cut and consecrated to some deity, 
iii. 186. xiii. 58. Nondum barbatus de- 
notes ' a boy ;' 1 5 sq. barba denotes 
' youth ;' 215. viii. 166. barbati and bar- 
batuli ' young men or lads,' xiii. 56. 58. 
who only clipped their beard, i. 25. 
x. 226. till manhood, or the age of forty, 
at which they began to shave : and this 
was the time of life ' little Sergius' had 
arrived at. Scipio Africanus was the 
first who shaved daily; afterwards de- 
pilatory applications were invented : ii. 
107. Tac. An. xiv. 15. Gell. iii. 4. Plin. 
vii. 59. R. FE. LU. 

106. ' From having been almost dis- 
abled by a cut in his arm, he was not 
without hopes of obtaining his discharge :' 
the sign of which was the being pre- 
sented with a wooden sword. VS. LU. 

107. ' For instance.' R. 



120 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Adtritus galea mediisque in naribus ingens 
Gibbus et acre malum semper stillantis ocelli. 

110 Sed gladiator erat : facit hoc illos Hyacinthos ; 
Hoc pueris patriseque, hoc praetulit ilia sorori 
Atque viro. Ferrum est, quod amant. Hie Sergius idem 
Accepta rude ccepisset Veiento videri. 

Quid privata domus, quid fecerit Hippia, curas ? 

115 Respice rivales Divorum; Claudius audi 

Quae tulerit. Dormire virum quum senserat uxor ; 
Ausa Palatino tegetem praeferre cubili, 
Sumere nocturnos meretrix Augusta cucullos, 
Linquebat comite ancilla non amplius una, 

120 Sed nigrum flavo crinem abscondente galero. 



108. ' Galled with his helmet.' M. 
viii. 203. R. 

109. ' A wen' M. occasioned by fre- 
quent blows. LU. 

" And sharp rheum trickled from his 
blood-shot eyes." G. 

110. • The only recommendation he 
had was the being a gladiator.' 

' All that is lovely.' Hyacinthus was 
beloved by Apollo, who accidentally 
killed him, and changed him into a flower 
of the same name. Ov. M. x. 162 sqq. 
PR. Thus Prometheus is used for ' a 
cunning artificer;' iv. 133. R. 

112. ' 'Tis the steel they love.' Faus- 
tina the elder, wife of M. Antoninus 
Pius, Faustina the younger, wife of M. 
Aurelius Antoninus, and Lucilla, the wife 
of L. Aurelius Verus, amongst others, 
degraded themselves by setting their 
affections on gladiators. GR. ACH. 

113. Cf. vii. 171. R. Horace uses this 
metaphorically, spectatum satis, et dona- 
tum jam rude, qiufris, Macenas, iterum 
antiquo me includere ludo ; I Ep. i. 2 sq. 
PR. 

114. ' Dost thou feel concerned?' PR. 
' Private' persons were so called as 

distinguished from the magistrates; i. 16. 
and, under the imperial government, from 
the emperors ; iv. 66. xii. 107. R. 

115. The emperors themselves may be 
called ' rivals of the Gods :' or as the 
word ' rivals' generally denotes ' com- 
petitors in love,' (Ov. A. A. iii. 563. 593. 
etc.) it may signify • those who intrigued 
with empresses,' the emperors themselves 



being called Divi because it was the 
practice to dei fy them after death. VS. 
FE. 

116. « His wife Messalina.' VS. x. 331 
sqq. Suet. CI. 26. 29. 36 sq. D. Cass. lx. 
14 sqq. Aur. Vict. Caes. 4. R. Tac. An. 
xi. 12. 26. 30. FE. Plin. x. 63 s 83. 
PR. 

1 17. ' To the imperial chamber in the 
palace.' FA. LU. cf. Mart. XIV. cxlvii. 

MNS. 

' A coarse mattress.' VS. v. 8. R. 

118. Et is omitted; see note on 65. 

• The imperial harlot:' Augusta was 
the empress's title. M. Thus Cleopatra 
is called meretrix regina ; Prop. III. xi. 
39. Plin. ix. 35 s 58. R. 

' A hood' or ' calash,' which she wore 
to conceal her face. LU. viii. 145. PR. 
iii. 170. MNS. 

119. ' She left her sleeping husband.' 
1 16. FLO. 

' She took but one attendant, that she 
might not be suspected of being a lady of 
rank, and that her depraved conduct 
might be known but to one confidante.' 
SCH. Hot. II S. vii. 53. Suet. Ner. 26. 
Cal. 11. Oth. 12. PR. 

120. " Her dark hair conceal'd Be- 
neath a yellow tire :" not only as a more 
effectual disguise ; but because courtezans 
at Rome, if nature had not favoured them 
with auburn tresses, wore false hair of a 
golden hue ; since that was the favourite 
colour, (cf. Mart. V. lxviii.) This 
fashion was borrowed from the Greeks : 
and the consequence was that matrons 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



121 



Intravit calidum veteri centone lupanar 
Et cellam vacuam atque suam. Tunc nuda papillis 
Constitit auratis, titulum mentita Lyciscae, 
Ostenditque tuum, generose Britannice, ventrem. 

125 Excepit blanda intrantes atque sera poposcit 
Et resupina jacens multorum absorb uit ictus. 
Mox, lenone suas jam dimittente puellas, 
Tristis abit et, quod potuit, tamen ultima cellam 
Clausit, adhuc ardens rigidae tentigine vulvae, 

130 Et lassata viris nec dum satiata recessit 
Obscurisque genis turpis fumoque lucernae 
Foeda lupanaris tulit ad pulvinar odorem. 



were equally anxious to have dark hair: 
vur 5* tjp ar' e'/xeuv ruvbi, <rhv yvvuTxu yu^ 
rrit ffu<P(>ov 6V ^ti rocs rgi%af \a.»6as <xet%7v' 
Menand. fr. G. VS. SV. FE. galerus 
■ a wig ;' gausape, Pers. iv. 37. vi. 46. 
Femina canitiem Germanis injicit herbis, 
et melior veto quceritur arte color. Femina 
procedit densissima crinibus emtis, proque 
suis alios efficit ere suos ; Ov. A. A. iii. 
163—166.' cf. v. 115. xi. 164. R. 

121. ' Warm from Lycisca's having 
but just left it;' FA. or ' which had no- 
thing but the old patch-work quilt to 
keep it warm. 5 MNS. 

' The stews' at Rome were constructed 
in the form of a gallery, along which 
were ranged, on each side, a number of 
contiguous cells, or little chambers ; G. 
like the arrangement in the wards at 
Greenwich Hospital or at Bedlam. 

122. ' Left vacant for her own use.' 
SG. cf. jurat capillos esse, quos emit, 
suos Fabulla, numquid, Paulle, pejerat? 
nego. Mart. VI. xii. 

Nuda; cf. xi. 170. R. ii. 71. or nuda 
papillis, as turpis genis; 131. 

123. ' She took her station.' The sim- 
pie verb is used; xi. 170. Claud. Eutr. 
i. 95. but prostare is more common; i. 
47. iii. 65. ix. 24. Ft. 

' Gilded ;' Juvenal is to be under- 
stood literally. The papillcs were covered 
with gold leaf, a species of ornament 
which is used by many of the dancing- 
girls and privileged courtezans of the 
East, to this day. G. 

Over the door of each cell was written 
' the name' and terms of the tenant; who 
4 stood' at the entrance, soliciting the 
preference of the visitors. Messalina had 



probably engaged 1 Lycisca' to give up 
her apartment, as being one that was 
much resorted to. G. FA. PR. VS. LU. 
inscriptce limina celles; Mart. XI. xlvi. 1. 
Sen. Contr. i. 2. cf. viii. 168. R. 

Lycisca is mentioned by Martial, IV. 
xvii. 1. PR. 

124. Matronce nostra? ne adulteris qui- 
dem plus sui in cubiculo, quam in publico 
ostendunt ; Sen. de Ben. vii. 9 Jin. sub 
clara nuda lucerna; Hoy. II S. vii. 48. R. 

Cf. ii. 145. ' The womb that gave 
birth to a prince of the blood.' R. Bri- 
tannicus was the acknowledged son of 
Claudius by Messalina. Tac. xiii. Un- 
less we are to take the epithet ironically 
on account of his mother's infamous cha- 
racter. PR. LU. 

125. ' To pass the better for what she 
pretended to be, LU. she' " Allured the 
passers by with many a wile, And ask'd 
her price, and took it with a smile." G. 

126. ' And submitted to the embraces 
of many visitors.' 

127. ' The man who kept the stews ;' 
which were closed at midnight : LU. the 
ninth (Pers. i. 133.) hour was the time, 
at which they were opened. GR. cf. note 
on. i. 127. 

128. " Yet what she could, she did." G. 

129. ' Still burning with the excite- 
ment of violent lust.' 

130. " With strength exhausted, but 
unsated fires." G. 

131 ."Cheeks rank with poisonous dews, 
The steam of lamps." G. nigra fornicis 
oblitus favilla ; Sen. in Priap. R. This 
line may be another instance of h Wv. 

132. Redoles adhuc fuliginem fornicis; 
Sen. Contr. i. 2 fin. R. 

R 



122 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Hippomanes carmenque loquar coctumque venerium 
Privignoque datum ? Faciunt graviora coactse 
135 Imperio sexus minimumque libidine peccant. 

" Optima sed quare Cesennia teste marito ?" 
Bis quingenta dedit; tanti vocat ille pudicam, 
Nec Veneris pharetris macer est aut lampade fervet : 
Inde faces ardent ; veniunt a dote sagittse. 



' To her imperial consort's bed.' LU. 

133. 'iTTtfopuvls signified three things, 
(1) An Arcadian herb, which drives 
horses mad if they taste it. Theocr. ii. 48 
sq. (2) A lump of flesh on the forehead 
of a foal just born. See note on 616. 
Virg. JE. iv. 516 sq. umoris veneficium ; 
Plin. viii. 42 s 66. (3) A humour which 
runs from mares. Plin. xxviii. lis 80. 
lentum virus, quod scepe mala; legere 
novercce, miscueruntque herbas et non in~ 
iioiia verba; Virg. G. hi. 280 sqq. Ov. 
A. A. I. viii. 8. Tib. II. iv. 58. Prop. 
IV. v. ,18. iElian. de Anim. xiv. 18. 
PR. R. 

' The magic spell.' Virg. E. viii. 64 to 
the end. LU. 

* Mixed with food;' LU. or ' boiled 
down to increase its strength.' M. cf. 
Suet. Ner. 33. Liv. viii. 18. PR. 

134. ' Sometimes out of incestuous 
love, (such as Phaedra entertained for 
Hippolytus,) sometimes out of hatred:' 
PR. or ' to remove him out of the way of 
their own children.' cf. 628. M. Virg. G. 
ii. 128. iii. 282 (quoted above;) Hor. 
Ill Od. xxiv. 17 sq. Ep. v. 9. Ov. Met. 
i. 147. (quoted in the note on i. 158.) 
Tac. An. xii. 2. ££^« yoto % '<rwutra 
(tyr^vtot rixvttf rois <X(><>a6' ovfiiv 
viftuTi^w Eur. Ale. 320 sq. R. 

135. ' By the ruling principles and 
passions of their sex ;' LU. or ' because 
the nature of their sex renders it impera- 
tive upon them so to act.' 

' The least of their sins are those which 
arise out of lust.' R. 

136. ' How is it then (if all you say is 
true) that, according to her husband's 
account, Cesennia is such an excellent 
woman V R. Heiresses when they married, 
retained a considerable portion of their 
fortune, together with many slaves, at 
their own disposal. So that it was not 
mere gratitude in the husband which in- 
duced him to put up with his wife's usur- 
pation of authority. The same was the 



case among the Greeks. " Menelaus, 
my father," says Hermione, " presented 
me with a considerable dowry, to the 
end that I might speak with freedom!" 
G. cf. 30. 457 sqq. Plaut. As. I. i. 74. 
Menaech. V. ii. 15 sqq. Aul. HI. v. 60. 
u $u<rrv%i7i fifts7$ ftiv el ■xiTgtzxorts Tnv 
tou (Zlou vrotppwrietv x«i t*jv rgvQyv, yvva.t%t 
^ovXoi £u/u.sv avr iXivSi^uv. 'itrur &x, uv 
7f^o7x, ol^i riftriv vra.irfcoy.tv ; tftxgdv yi 
xou ju.to'ryiv yvvt*4zi7ei{ p^oXij;. fi tuv yot^ 
kvh^oZv 'itfri <roos xuv/iv f/AXi. ot pi'tv yt 
truyyvojftriv s%ovtr ocbtxovpavoi' oivrat 5* 
abiXouaat xa,) TgofftyxuXovo-' STt, uv ohx 
I^Sjv ag%ou<riv, uv 2* &g%ttv l%(>wv ccpciXov- 
ffiV \mot>xov<rtv ovhi 'iv xctxov 'i^ovat. xou 
xccptvav Xsyoutriv IzutrroTt' Alexis in Ath. 
xni. 1. w'ivns, T*tv yvvouxu. •xXovo'ictv Xufiuv, 
'iy^it S'urvotvav, oh yuvoux erf Anaxandr. 
in Stob. On the other hand, among the 
Scythians and Getae, non regit virum 
dotata conjux; Hor. Ill Od. xxiv. 19. 
R. The high-spirited barbarians of the 
north could not brook the idea of being 
dependent on their wives, and therefore 
would not receive any dowry with them : 
apud Gothos non mulier viro, sed vir mu- 
lieri dotem assignat, ne conjux, ob magni- 
tudinem doiis insolescens, aliquando ex 
placida consorte proterva evadat, atque in 
maritum dominari contendat. G. cf. Arist. 
Eth. viii. 10. 

137. See note on i. 92. PR. i. 106. 
ii. 117. M. x. 335. After the time of 
Augustus this constituted a senatorial 
fortune, cf. LI, on Tac. An. ii. 86. R. 

' She gave him (i. e. brought with her) 
as her dowry.' M. 

' For no less a consideration.' 

138. Of Cupid — altera tela arcus, 
altera tela faces; Ov. Her. ii. 40. SCH. 

« Not of Venus, but of Plutus.' G. 
' Emaciated.' Virg. E. iii. 100 sq. PR. 
Hor. I Od, xiii. 8. Ep. xiv. 16. R. 

139. Ferus Cupido semper ardentes 
acuens sagittas cote cruenta; Hor. II Od. 
viii. 14 sqq. Sil. v. 19. R. 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



123 



140 Libertas emitur: coram licet innuat atque 

Rescribat, vidua est, locuples quae nupsit avaro. 
" Cur desiderio Bibulae Sertorius ardet?' 

Si verum excutias, facies non uxor amatur. 

Tres rugae subeant et se cutis arida laxet, 
145 Fiant obscuri dentes oculique minores: 

" Collige sarcinulas" dicet libertus " et exi; 

Jam gravis es nobis et saepe emungeris, exi 

Ocius et propera : sicco venit altera naso." 

Interea calet et regnat poscitque maritum 
150 Pastores et ovem Canusinam ulmosque Falernas. 



hide is the same as a dote: SCH. 
' from her having a thousand golden 
charms.' 

140. ' Liberty to act as they please.' 
Uxorem accepi, dote imperium vendidi; 
Plaut. Asin. I. i. LU. sunt multce in 
magnis dotibus incommoditates, siimtusque 
intolerubiles. nam quce indotata est, ea in 
potestate est viri. dotatcs mactant et malo 
et damno vivos ; Aul. III. v. 58 sqq. PR. 

' In the husband's presence ,' coram 
non sine conscio marito ; Hot. Ill Od. vi. 
29 sq. VS. cf. i. 56 sqq. PR. Tib. I. ii. 
21. Ov. Am. I. iv. 17 sqq. TI. iii. 23 
sqq. R. 

' She may tip the wink to her gallant.' 

G. 

141. ' And pen an answer to a billet- 
doux.' M. cf. 234. 

• She is as good as a widow :' i. e. 
' quite as much her own mistress.' LU. 
cf. 509. R. 

142. With the following lines com- 
pare Moore's ballad : " Believe me, if 
all those endearing young charms, &c." 

143. Qui ppe forma nostra nos amatores 
colunt: hcBC ubi immutata est, suum ani- 
mum alio conferunt; Ter. Heaut. II. iii. 
9 sqq. LU. i'i. 138. R. 

Excutere is properly 1 to search for 
something supposed to be concealed 
about the person.' ER. R. 

144. ' Two or three.' Quam cito {me 
miserum!) laxantur corpora rugis, et 
perit, in nitido qui fuit ore, color! Ov. 
A. A. iii. 73 sq. Plaut. M. Gl. III. i. 
45 sq. R. 

145. ' Her teeth.' cf. Ov. A. A. iii. 197. 
LU. and 279 sq. Hor. II Od. viii. 3. R. 

146. ' Pack up your baggage, and 
march.' This is a military phrase. The 
proper form of declaring a divorce was 



" Res tuas tibi habeto or agito." BR. 

Nullum divortium ratum est, nisi 
septem civibus Romanisprcesentibtts, prceter 
libertum ejus, qui divortium faciet; 
Paulusde Div. IX./. R. 

Uxor, vade j'oras, aut moribus utere 
nostris; Mart. XI. civ. 1. SCH. It was 
not till the sixth or seventh century after 
the foundation of Rome that divorces 
became common. The facility with which 
the parties could repudiate each other, at 
last, led to the greatest abuses. R. Seneca 
complained nullamjam repudio erubescere, 
postquam illusires quondam ac nobiles fe- 
mince non consulum numero,sed maritorurn, 
amios suos computent, et exeant matri- 
monii causa, nubant repudii ; de Ben. iii. 
16. LU. 

147. Emungeris, another of the infirmi- 
ties of age, is opposed to sicco naso in 
the next line, minime sputator, screator 
sum itidem minime mucidus ; Plaut. M. 
Gl. III. i. 52. R. 

148. Altera ' a younger wife.' LU. 

149. Interea * as long as her beauty 
lasts.' LU. 

' She is fiery and imperious.' PR. 

' And asks whatever she fancies, with- 
out fear of denial.' M. Plaut. Aul. III. 
v. 24—61. Prop. III. xiii. (and xi. 31.) 
Ov. Am. I. x. Tib. II. iv. R. 

150. Canusium in Apulia was famous 
for its breed of sheep. LU. lana lauda- 
tissima Appula : oves circa Tarentum Ca- 
nusiumque summam nobilitatem habent ; 
Plin. viii. 48 s 73. velleribus primis 
Appulia, Parma secundis nobilis ; Altinum 
tertia laudat ovis; Mart. XIV. civ. PR. 
Colum. vii. 2. R. 

« The elms round which Falernian 
(iv. 138. PR. Sil. vii. 162—211. R.) 
vines are trained:' Virg. G. i. 2. Af. 



124 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Quantulum in hoc ? pueros omnes, ergastula tota, 
Quodque domi non est et habet vicinus, ematur. 
Mense quidem brumae, quo jam mercator Iason 
Clausus et armatis obstat casa Candida nautis, 
155 Grandia tolluntur crystallina, maxima rursus 

Murrhina, deinde adamas notissimus et Beronices 



stratus humi palmes viduas desiderat 
ulmos : vih. 78. R. 

151. " Trifles these!" G. 
Pueros, see note on iii. 264. 

« Gangs of slaves ergastulum literally 
' a work-house/ ' Bridewell:' quindecim 
liberi homines populus est, quindecim servi 
familia, quindecim vincti ergastulum; 
Apul. LI. cf. xiv. 24. R. 

152. She is so covetous as to fancy 
fertilior seges est alien is semper in agris, 
vicinu mque pecus grandius uber habet ; 
Ov. A. A. i. 349 sq. SCH. 

153. (1) The feast of the Saturnalia 
in December was succeeded by the Sigil- 
laria, a fancy fair; where seals, and 
other little articles, which the Romans 
used to send each other as presents ( Macr. 
S. i. 10 extr. Gell. ii. 3. v. 4. BO. 
pp.217 sq. 236 sq.), were exposed for 
sale ' in white canvas booths' (casis can- 
didis) erected both in other parts of the 
city and also against the walls in the 
portico of Neptune (D. Cass. liii. 27.) 
so as ' to hide' the paintings with which 
it was adorned, and the subject of which 
was the Argonautic expedition. The 
handsome wife would not miss her oppor- 
tunity of extorting valuable fairings from 
her complaisant spouse. VS. LZ. (2) 
Another interpretation is ' When the 
winter detains on shore the merchant 
(thus Hyacinthus and Prometheus, in the 
note on 110.) and his crew, who are 
equipped for starting as soon as weather 
will allow, but cannot yet commence their 
voyage (Veget. iv. 39. Plin. ii. 47 pr. 
Hor. I Od. iv. 1.) ; since the cabin, white 
with snow or hoar-frost, shows that the 
reign of winter is not past.' PR. 

154. [Livy xxx, 26, 1. ED.'] 

155. ' Are taken from the merchant's;' 
GR. or ' are wheedled out of the hus- 
band.' LZ. 

The word vasa is understood : their 
being grandia and maxima would of 
course enhance their price. Non alibi 
crystallui reperitur, quam ubi maxime 
hibernce nives rigent et glacies, unde et 
nomen Giceci dedere (Kgve-raWoi , GRJE, 



on Flor. iv. iii. 76) ; in deliciis feminarum 
aliquibus de causis prcecipuum habent 
locum crystallina et murrhina, rigidi potus 
utraque; Plin. xxxvii. 2 s 10, 11. Prop. 

II. xviii. 60. IV. iii. 52. PR. R. Mart. 

III. lxxxii. 25. 

156. Pliny says that these vases were 
first introduced by Pompey after his vic- 
tory over Mithridates: eadem victoria 
primum in urbem murrhina induxit ; pri- 
musque Pompeius sex pocula ex eo triumpho 
Capitolino Jovi dicavit, qua. protenus ad 
hominum usum transiere ; excrescitque 
indies ejus rei luius ; xxxvii. 2. 7 sq. 
Propertius, who had undoubtedly seen 
them, says murrheaque in Parthis pocula 
cocta focis ; IV. v. 26. III. x. 22. This 
seems a very good description of what 
we call porcelain: JS. but Pliny, who 
could not be ignorant of it, adds Oriens 
murrhina mittit: inveniuntur enim 
ibi in phiribus locis, nee insignibus, 
maxime Parthici regni ; prcecipue tumen in 
Carmania. It is manifest that Pliny 
takes them for g e m s : and so he else- 
where terms them, xxxiii. 2. in which he 
is followed by Martial, XIV. cxiii. XIII. 
cvii. and others. The districts he men- 
tions still afford a gem that answers, in 
some measure, to his description : it is a 
species of agate. G. FA. Suet. Aug. 71. 
R. The variety of conflicting accounts 
and opinions can hardly be reconciled 
without supposing two sorts of these 
vases; one artificial 1 the porcelain,' the 
other a natural production. I have had 
in my possession a mineral, which bears 
the name of * porcelain jasper,' (Chine- 
sischer Speckstein; Veltheim.) but I do 
not know where it is chiefly found. 

Adamas; Plin. xxxvii. 4. PR. 

This Beronice was the daughter of 
Herod (Acts xii. ) Agrippa the elder (who 
was son of Aristobulus and another Be- 
ronice, and grandson of Herod the great) ; 
he had two other daughters, Mariamne, 
and Drusilla (the wife of Felix, Acts 
xxiv. 24.) and one son, the Agrippa here 
mentioned. Acts xxv. 13. 23. xxvi. The 
princess was more celebrated for her 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



125 



In digito factus pretiosior : hunc dedit olim 
Barbarus incestae, dedit hunc Agrippa sorori, 
Observant ubi festa mero pede sabbata reges 

160 Et vetus indulget senibus dementia porcis. 

" Nullane de tantis gregibus tibi digna videtur?" 
Sit formosa, decens, dives, fecunda, vetustos 
Porticibus disponat avos, intactior omni 
Crinibus effusis bellum dirimente Sabina : 

165 (Rara avis in terris nigroque simillima cycno) 
Quis feret uxorem, cui constant omnia ? Malo, 
Malo Venusinam, quam te, Cornelia mater 



beauty than for her virtue. Titus fell in 
love with her, and promised her mar- 
riage ; but, being apprehensive of an 
insurrection, dimisit invitus invitam. The 
incidents which made this ring so valuable 
mark the capricious and profligate ex- 
travagance which characterized the ladies 
of Juvenal's time. G. R. PR. 

158. Barbarus (iii. 66.) Agrippa dedit 
incestce (iv. 9.) sorori. cf. Joseph. A. J. 
x . p. 673. PR. R. 

159. Beronice presented herself at Jeru- 
salem.b a r e f o o t and with her head shorn, 
to perform her vows on the restoration of 
her health. Jos. B. J. ii. 15. Hegesip. 
B. J. ii. FA. See Exod. iii. 5 sqq. PR. 
This custom is now practised in the Jew- 
ish synagogues on particular days. M". 
cf. 525. Suet. Aug. 100. CAS. 

Cf. Tac. H. v. init. Just, xxxvi. Pers. 
v. 184. PR. Juvenal, in his ignorance 
of the Jewish ritual, has confounded 
* sabbaths' with fasts. Call. H. in Cer. 
125. SP. xiv. 96. JE\. V. H. xii. 35. R. 

160. ' Long established. 5 Levit. xi. 7. 
LU. 

Not that more indulgence was shown 
to ' old swine' than to y o u n g ones ; but 
because all hogs, being spared, lived to 
be o 1 d. Hence Augustus said : " Melius 
est Herodis porcum esse quam Jilium." 
cf. xiv. 98. R. 

161. ' Herds' of women. He had just 
been talking ofherdsofswine. SCH. 
cf. 175. R. 

162. All these excellencies will but 
generate pride : beauty, for instance, see 
Ov. F. i. 429. riches, v. 457 sqq. fruit- 
fulness, 172 sqq. nobility and chastity, 
167 sqq. ' Beautiful, graceful pulcer 
et decens; Suet. Dom. 18. R. The latter 
is a frequent epithet of Venus and the 



Graces. Hor. I Od. iv. 9. xviii. 6. JN. 
Uxor tibi sit puella, qualem votis vix petat 
improbis maritus, dives, nobilis, erudita, 
casta ; Mart. XII. xcviii. 1 — 3. 

163. It was their custom to adorn the 
porticoes and galleries of their mansions 
with the statues of their ancestors. LU. 
viii. 1. PR. It may also allude to the 
pictures of triumphant generals in the 
public porticoes. VS. 

' More chaste,' i. e. 1 never approached 
by any but a husband :' vxor quce mille 
procos intacta fugaret ; Stat. S. III. V. 
1 sqq. HK. intacta Sabince ; Prop. II. 
vi. 21. cf. Hor. I Od. vii. 5. Ill Od. 
xi. 10. I S. ii. 54. Virg. JE. i. 345. 
Calp.ii. 1. Eur. Hip. 1044. R. 

164. Sabinae mulieres, quarum ex 
injuria bellum ortum erat, crinibus 
passis, . . . . dir imere infestas acies, 
%c. Liv. i. 13. LU. Ov. F. iii. 201 sqq. 
PR. 

• The war' between Romulus and 
Tatius. VS. 

The Sabines were a people of un- 
corrupted morals, iii. 169. PR. x. 299. 
xiv. 180. Mart. I. lxiii. 1. IX. xli. 5. 
Liv. i. 18. Ov. M. xiv. 797. Am. I. 
viii. 39 sq. II. iv. 15. III. viii. 61. Hor. 
Ep. ii. 39 sqq. II Ep. i. 25. R. 

165. Pers. i. 46. PR. cf. vii. 202. R. 
" A faultless monster, which the world 
ne'er saw;" Sheffield, Essay on Poetry, 
233. 

166. ' Who will tolerate V 30. Si 
qua voles apte nubere, nube pari ; Ov. 
Her. ix. 32. rijv xaru travrev Suid. 
Plut. t. ii. p. 13. f. Callim. Ep. xxxvii. 
in Br. An. t. i. p. 470. R. 

Constare ' to be at one and the same 
time.' cf. Virg. M. iii. 518. SV. 

167. ' A Venusian rustic' cf. i. 51. PR. 



126 THE SATIRES sat. \ 

Gracchorum, si cum magnis virtutibus affers 

Grande supercilium et numeras in dote triumphos. 
170 Tolle tuum, precor, Hannibalem victumque Syphacem 

In castris et cum tota Carthagine migra. 

" Parce, precor, Paean, et tu, Dea, pone sagittas ; 

Nil pueri faciunt, ipsam configite matrem !" 

Amphion clamat: sed Paean contrahit arcum. 
175 Extulit ergo greges natorum ipsumque parentem, 

Dum sibi nobilior Latonae gente videtur 

Atque eadem scrofa Niobe fecundior alba. 



This Cornelia was the daughter of P. 
Corn. Scipio Africanus, and the wife of 
Ti. Sempronius Gracchus, by whom she 
had twelve children. Plutarch (in his 
life of the Gracchi, cf. ii.24.) says she was 
fond of boasting of her father's victories 
over Hannibal and Syphax. So great was 
her haughtiness, that when King Ptolemy 
made her an offer, after the death of her 
husband, she was seriously offended and 
rejected the alliance with the utmost 
scorn. A brazen statue was erected to 
her memory in the public portico of 
Metellus with the above inscription { 
Plin. xxxiv. 6. Gracchorum eloquentice 
multum contulisse accepimus Corneliam 
matrem, cujus doctissimus sermo in posteros 
quoque est epistolis traditvs ; Quint, i. 1. 
PR. V. Max. IV. iv. 1. vi. 1. Sen. Cons. 
ad Marc. 16. Cic. Brut. 27. She was 
not the only disdainful dame of the Cor- 
nelian house. Prop. IV. xi. R. 

169. Snpercilium ; ii. 15. v. 62. J?. 

' If the triumphs of your house are to 
reckon as a dowry.' cf. libertas emitur, 
140. LU. 

170. Scipio, with the aid of Masinissa, 
routed Asdrubal and Syphax, (who was 
afterwards led by the Roman general in 
triumph,) and burnt both their camps in 
one night. Flor. ii. 6. PR. Liv. xxx. 5. 
11. 13. 17. Sil. xvii. 88 sqq. R. 

171. Carthage was destroyed by Scipio 
.^Emilianus, (Liv. Ii. PR.) who married 
Cornelia's daughter Sempronia. R. 

Cf. 146. J?. " Prithee tramp !" Boileau 
has imitated this passage very happily : 
** Ainsi done au plutot dtlogeant de ces 
lieux, Allez, princesse, allez avec tons vos 
a'ievx, Sur le pompeux dtbris des lances 
Espagnoles, Coucher, si vous vonlez, avx 
champs de Cerizoles " Sat. x. 479. G. 

172. Niobe, the daughter of Tantalus, 



and wife of Amphion, the king of Thebes 
so celebrated for his minstrelsy, (Plin. 
vii. 56. Hor. A. P. 394. PR. proud of 
her numerous progeny, insulted Latona; 
who was signally avenged by her divine 
offspring, for Apollo slew all the sons 
and Diana all the daughters of the 
Phrygian princess. Ov. M. vi. 146 sqq. 
LU. Cic. T. Q. iii. 63. Hor. IV Od. vi. 
1 sqq. PR. Horn. II. a 602 sqq. Schol. 
Eur. Ph. 160 sqq. R. Apollod. III. v. 
6. HY. 

Pcean from ?r«/i/v, or iruutiv raj uviaf, 

Macr. S. i. 17. PR. 

173. ' No wrong.' GRJE. crimine quo 
parvi ccedem potvere mereri? Luc. ii. 
108. VS. 

* The mother, whose haughtiness I 
know, from sad experience, to be most 
insufferable ; and in mitigation of whose 
punishment I have nothing to allege.' cf. 
169. 181 sqq. DI. 

174. " Apollo bends his bow." G. 

175. ' She had to bury.' i. 72. PR. 

4 The herd.' 161. The exact number 
is very doubtful : Gell. xx. 7. PR. iEl.V. 
H. xii. 36. LU. 

Amphion destroyed himself. Ov. 271. 
SCH. 

176. " Mihi Tantalus auctor , . .. . 
Ple'iadum soror estgenetrix mihi ; maxirnus 
Atlas est avus ; . . . . Jupiter alter avus : 
.... nescio quoque audete satam Titanida 
Cozo Lutonam pra>ferre mihi;" Ov. 172 
&c. PR. 

177. This ' famous white sow* (xii. 
73 sq. J?.) was found by iEneas near 
Lavinium, on the spot where Alba was 
afterwards built. VS. Ridiculous as the 
incident is, it makes a conspicuous figure 
in the iEneid, (iii. 390 sqq. LU. and viii. 
43 sqq. M.) where it is given with won- 
derful gravity. (Cf. Dionys. i. PR.) 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



127 



Quae tanti gravitas, quse forma, ut se tibi semper 
Imputet? Hujus enim rari summique voluptas 

180 Nulla boni, quoties animo corrupta superbo 

Plus aloes, quam mellis habet. Quis deditus autem 
Usque adeo est, ut non illam, quam laudibus effert, 
Horreat inque die septenis oderit horis ? 

Queedam parva quidem ; sed non toleranda maritis, 

185 Nam quid rancidius, quam quod se non putat ulla 
Formosam, nisi quse de Tusca Grsecula facta est? 
De Sulmonensi mera Cecropis? Omnia Greece, 
-j-Quum sit turpe magis nostris nescire Latine.f 
Hoc sermone pavent, hoc iram, gaudia, curas, 

190 Hoc cuncta effundunt animi secreta. Quid ultra? 
Concumbunt Greece. Dones tamen ista puellis : 
Tune etiam, quam sextus et octogesimus annus 
Pulsat, adhuc Greece ? Non est hie sermo pudicus 
In vetula. Quoties lascivum intervenit illud 



Juvenal disregarded the anachronism and 
introduces ' the sow' merely to vex Domi- 
tian, who, being much attached to Alba 
and interested in its glory, might be mor- 
tified at having this idle story so often put 
forward in a ridiculous light. OW. G. 

178. Gravitas ' propriety of conduct :' 
si te delectat gravitas, Lucretia toto sis 
licet usque die; Mart. XII. civ. 21 sq. 

179. Imputet ; v. 14. E. ' To make 
out that you are greatly indebted to her, 
for her condescending so far as to become 
your wife.' M. 

180. With nulla understand est. PR. 
Corrupta, ' entirely spoilt.' 

181. ' More of bitterness than sweet- 
ness.' VS. Plin.xxvii. 4. PR. Amoret melle 
et felle est fecuudissimus ; Plaut. Cist I. 
i. 71. R. Claud. Nupt. H. etM. 69 sq. A*. 

' So devotedly uxorious.' LU. 206. R. 

183. ' Seven hours a day,' i. e. ' more 
than half his time.' LU. Pers. iii. 4. PR. 

184. Understand vitia sunt. R. 

185. ' More nauseous.' G. Pers. i. 33. 
LU. xi. 135. Plin. xxii. 22 eitr. R. 

186. The Roman ladies were guilty of 
copiously interlarding their vernacular 
tongue with Greek words : a piece of 
affectation similar to that with which the 
British fair have been charged, of intro- 
ducing French phrases upon all occa- 
sions. M. 



'A Greek demoiselle:' contemptuously. 
PR. iii. 58. R. 

1 87. The inhabitants of Sulmo, a town 
of Pelignum, (the birthplace of Ovid, 
LU.) spoke a provincial Latin dialect : 
the Cecropians, (ii. 92.) or people of 
Athens, made use of the purest and most 
elegant Greek. R. 

188. ' Our countrywomen would blush 
to betray ignorance of Greek : they ought 
rather to feel ashamed that they know so 
little of their native language.' ipsum 
Latine loqui est illud quidem in magna 
laude ponendum ; sed non tarn sua sponte, 
quam quod est a plerisque negketum, non 
enim tarn prceclarum est scire Latine, 
quam turpe nescire: neque tarn id 
mihi oratoris boni, quam civis Romani 
proprium videtur ; Cic. Brut. 37. FA. 
The verse is probably spurious, and is 
omitted in some mss. B. 

189. ' They express their fears.' FA. 

190. ' Nay more.' ft. 

191. ' You may excuse such fooleries 
in girls.' LU. 

192. Senectus pulsat ; Sidon. Ap. Ep. 
v. 9. Carm. ii. Stat. Th. iv. 477. R. 
' What? thou too whom more than four- 
score winters have buffeted and bat- 
tered!' Compare also densis ictibus pul- 
sat ; Virg. /£. v. 459 sq. Hor. I Od. iv. 
13. 



128 THE SATIRES sat. n. 

195 Z12H KAI 4TXH? Modo sub lodice relictis 

Uteris in turba. Quod enim non excitet inguen 
Vox blanda et nequam ? digitos habet. Ut tamen omnes 
Subsidant pennse, dicas hsec mollius Haemo 
Quamquam et Carpophoro ; facies tua computat annos. 

200 Si tibi legitimis pactam junctamque tabellis 
Non es amaturus, ducendi nulla videtur 
Causa ; nec est, quare coenam et xnustacea perdas, 
Labente officio, crudis donanda; nec illud, 
Quod prima pro nocte datur, quum lance beata 

205 Dacicus et scripto radiat Germanicus auro. 



195. Cum tibi non Ephesos, nec sit 
Rhodos, aut Mitylene, sed domns in vico, 
Lcelia, patricio, ZflH KAI VTXH lasci- 
vum congeris usque, proh pudor ! Hersilice 
civis et Egerice ; Mart. X. lxviii. PR. 

' Under the counterpane.' Mart. XIV. 
cxlviii. PR. cf. vii. 66. 

With relictis understand verbis. LU. 

196. ■ In company.' VS. Ov. Am. III. 
xiv. 7 sqq. Ji. 

' What passion would not the endear- 
ing and wanton expression excite.' Pers. 
i. 20 sq. LU. Mart. XII. xcviii. 8. 
Nec blandce voces cessent nec improba 
verba ; Ov. A. A. iii. 795 sq. R. 

197. Nequam; cf. Gell. vii. 11. from 
Cic. Phil. vii. PR. 

Digitos habet 4 it is as bad as the touch.' 

Et would make the construction easier : 
the sense is plain : ' Yet Cupid's wings 
would droop, however soft your tones and 
words ; your wrinkles tell your age.' 651. 
x. 249. Tu licet et manibus blandis et 
vocibus instes; contra te facies imperiosa 
tua est; Mart. VI. xxiii. 3 sq. R. 

Hcemus and Carpophorus were actors 
who excelled in female characters from 
the softness of their voices. PR. iii. 99. M. 

200. Juvenal now reduces Ursidius 
to adilemroa; ' you must either love 
your future wife or not ; if you do, you 
will be led a life of slavery and misery ; 
if you do not, marriage will not augment 
your happiness, and you are incurring a 
great expense for nothing.' BRI. 

Tabulce ; ii. 119. R. see note on v. 25. 

201. * For taking to yourself a wife.' R. 

202. ' Bride-cakes,' which were dis- 
tributed among the guests at their break- 
ing up. VS. Mustaceos sic facito: farina 



siliginece modium unum must o consper- 
gito ; annum, cuminum, adipis p ii. easel 
libram, et de virga lauri derudito, eodem 
addito ; et ubi dejinxeris, lauri folia subtus 
addito, quum coques; Cato R. R. 121. 
Cic. Att. v. 20. PR. Plin. xv. 30. R. 

203. ' Which you will have to distri- 
bute among your friends, (who have done 
you the honour of waiting upon you at 
your wedding-feast,) before they have 
half digested what they have already 
crammed.' VS. PR. cf. Mart. XIV. 
PTR. iv. 20 extr. R. 

204. A considerable sum of money 
was put into a plate, and presented by 
the bridegroom to the bride on the wed- 
ding-night as a sort of purchase of her 
person. VS. This custom was not pe- 
culiar to Rome ; it obtained among the 
Greeks (ogfyiov tu^ov) likewise, as among 
the Jews, and is found among many 
eastern nations. (Parkh. Heb.Lex.^no, 
No. 3.) It also prevailed under the 
name of morgengabe, or * morning pre- 
sent,' over a great part of the North of 
Europe (inorganatica; Legg. Longobard.) 
where some faint traces of it are still to be 
found : and something of the kind was 
customary in many parts of England, 
and perhaps is so still, under the name 
of dow-purse.' BR. PL. M. G. 

Beatce : i. 39. R. 

205. Juvenal enjoyed this allusion 
(see note on 177.) to Domitian's boasted 
victories in the Dacian war, which was 
one of the most dishonourable circum- 
stances of his reign. He aspired to the 
conduct of it in person ; and, as might 
have been anticipated, his cowardice kept 
him aloof from danger, and his volup- 
tuousness ruined the discipline of the 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



129 



Si tibi simplicitas uxoria, deditus uni 

Est animus ; submitte caput cervice parata 

Ferre jugum : nullam invenies, quae parcat amanti. 

Ardeat ipsa licet, tormentis gaudet amantis 

210 Et spoliis. Igitur longe minus utilis illi 

Uxor, quisquis erit bonus optandusque maritus. 
Nil umquam invita donabis conjuge : vendes 
Hac obstante nihil : nihil, haec si nolet, emetur. 
Haec dabit affectus : ille excludetur amicus 

215 Jam senior, cujus barbam tua janua vidit. 
Testandi quum sit lenonibus atque lanistis 
Libertas et juris idem contingat arena? ; 
Non unus tibi rivalis dictabitur heres. 
" Pone crucem servo." " Meruit quo crimine servus 



camp : thus every thing went on ill 
under his auspices. Happily for the 
army, he left it at last, having previously 
despatched his laurelled letters to 
Rome ; where the obsequious senate de- 
creed that medals should be struck, 
and statues raised to commemorate his 
success; and that he should come among 
them at all times in triumphal robes. 
G. LU. Suet. Dom. 2. 6. 13. Tac. 
Agr. 39 sqq. Mart. II. ii. VIII. xxvi. 
Ixv. Stat. S. I. i. ii. 180 sq. IV. i. 2. 
ii. 66 sq. R. 

Understand numus, which took its 
name from the person represented thereon, 
as Philippus and Darius ; Auson. Ep. 
v. and xvi. Jacobus, Louis oVor, Napoleon, 
&c. R. Having never met with any 
medal of D o m i t i a n with these titles, 
which are common on Trajan's coins, 
I rather think the latter are here meant, 
and, consequently, that the satire was 
not written till Trajan's reign. ACH. 
See CAR, L. ix. p. 215. Martial dedi- 
cates his eighth book, Imp. Cces. Aug. 
Germanico Dacico. G. 

4 On the legend of the gold.' ACH. 
Scriptus ceterno Jupiter auro ; Mart. XI. 
v. 3. cf. xiv. 291. R. 

206. ' If you are so very simple as to 
devote your whole soul to your wife, and 
to her alone.' tp&oyvnitt' Cic. T. Q. iv. 
11. BRI. 

Uxorius; (cf. 181.) Virg. JE. iv. 266. 
Hor. I Od. ii. 20. 7?. 

207. See note on 43. M. Love is 
often compared to a ' yoke :' xiii. 22. 



Hor. I Od. xxxiii. 12. xxxv. 28. II 
Od. v. 1. R. 

209. ' However much a woman may 
love a man, still she delights to torment 
him and to fleece him.' VS. 

210. Arnica spoliatrix ; Mart. IV. xxix. 
5. SCH. cf. 149 sqq. R. 

' Less useful' (by the figure ^ugnv- 
rio-pos) for ' more pernicious :' see note 
on a^viios' Her. iii. 81. 

211. 4 The better and kinder her hus- 
band, the more does she impose on him 
and abuse his good-nature :' PR. so that 
good honest men get the worst off. M. 

212. Cf. Plaut. Men. I. ii. 5 sqq. R, 
214. 4 She will prescribe to you, whom 

you are to like and whom you are to 
dislike.' M. 

4 Will be shut out' of your house. LU. 
Ov. A. A. iii. 587 sq. 

215. 4 Whose beard :' see note on 105. 
R. 

216. ' While pimps, fencing-masters, 
(iii. 158. PR.) and even prize-fighters' 
44 Have power to will their fortunes as 
they please, She dictates thine, and im- 
prudently dares To name thy very rivals 
for thy heirs." G. 

217. ' The arena,' (ii. 144. PR.) for 
4 the combatants in the amphitheatre.' 
LU. 

218. See 115. Literally 4 persons 
living on the opposite banks of the same 
river.' SCH. 

219. A pithy dialogue now follows, 
showing the high hand with which she 
carries her arbitrary measures. 



130 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



220 Supplicium ? Quis testis adest ? Quis detulit ? Audi ; 

Nulla umquam de morte hominis cunctatio longa est." 

" O demens, ita servus homo est ? Nil fecerit, esto : 

Hoc volo, sic jubeo, sit pro ratione voluntas." 
Imperat ergo viro ; sed mox haec regna relinquit 
225 Permutatque domos et flamea content : inde 

Advolat et spreti repetit vestigia lecti. 

Ornatas paulo ante fores, pendentia linquit 

Vela domus et adhuc virides in limine ramos. 

Sic crescit numerus ; sic fiunt octo mariti 
230 Quinque per auctumnos : titulo res digna sepulcri. 



Crucifixion, as is well known, was the 
peculiar punishment of slaves, LI. and 
the lowest malefactors, cf. Cic. Verr. v. 
6. R. (xiii. 105. Sen. Cons, ad Marc. 
20. de V. B. 19.) It was abolished by 
Constantine on his conversion. PR. 

The husband mildly ventures to sug- 
gest, that it might be humane, at least, to 
have legal evidence of the culprit's 
guilt. BR. * What is the charge? What 
is the evidence 1 Who laid the infor- 
mation V LU. cf. 552. x. 69 sq. The 
following piece of advice is among D. 
Cato's wise sayings : nil temere uxori de 
servis crede querenti ; Dist. iv. 45. R. 

220. ' Hear all there is to be said,' or 
' what he has to say for himself.' R. audi 
alteram partem. 

221. Among the Romans the exe- 
cution of offenders was delayed, by de- 
crees of the senate, for ten days. PR. 
Potest enim poena dilata exigi, non 
potest exacta revocari ; Senec. LU. de 
vita et spiritu hominis laturum sen- 
tentiam diu multumque cunctari oportere, 
nec pracipiti studio, ubi irrevocabile sit 
factum, agitari ; Amm. Marcell. But 
this humane sentiment was anticipated by 
the Grecian legislator : vo/xos aXXog <Ti$ 
0a.va.rov, f&b (tia-v fto'vov hf^'i^ocv x^'mtv iXka, 
<rcX\a.i % Plat. Ap. Socr. G. 

222. ' Thou driveller ! So, a slave 
is a m a n !' M. Servi sunt, imo homines ; 
servi sunt, imo conservi ; et ex ihdem 
tecum elementis constant aluntur que, atque 
spiritum eumdem ab eodem principio car- 
punt, %c. Macr. S. i. 11. Sen. Ep. 47. 
PR. cf. xiv. 16 sq. Flor. iii. 20. R. 

224. ' Even this absolute tyranny will 
not long content her wanton caprices : 
but she abdicates her despotic sway, 
where her word was a law, and sallies 



forth in search of new conquests.' M. 
cf. Prop. II. xvi. 28. IV. vii. 50. Cic. 
ad Div, IX. xviii. n. 6. R. See also 
Pope Mor. Ess. ep. ii. 217 sqq. 

225. * And by her frequent weddings 
wears out her bridal veil.' VS. ii. 124. 
PR. 

226. * Returns to her first husband.' 
LU. 

227. ' Before the expiration of the last 
honey moon.' See 79. PR. and 52. M. 

228. In the interior of their houses 
they had few doors ; the entrances to the 
apartments were closed by hangings of 
tapestry ; ix. 105. Poll. x. 32. R. 

229. See 146. • Eight husbands in five 
years.' Julia lex ex quo renata est, certe 
non plus tricesima lux est, et nubit decimo 
jam Thelesina viro. quce nubit toties, 
non nubit ■ adult era lege est; Mart. VI. vii. 
inscripsit tumulo septem celebrata virorum 
se fecisse Chloe : quid pote simplicius ? 
Id. IX. xvi. PR. In the former epigram 
there would be little point unless lege is 
taken to mean ' not indeed according to 
the letter of the law, but unquestionably 
according to the spirit of it.' As the der- 
vise told the king of Tartary that he 
ought not to consider the mansion which 
had experienced such a succession of 
occupants in the light of a palace, as it 
was to all intents and purposes no better 
than a caravansary. Hor. II S. ii. 
129 sqq. 

230. As to the latter epigram it may 
be observed that, although it was cus- 
tomary for ladies to have their husbands' 
names recorded on their monuments, yet 
virtuous matrons prided themselves on 
having been the wife of but one man, 
and would naturally wish to have this 
honorable distinction specified on their 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



131 



Desperanda tibi salva concordia socru. 

Ilia docet spoliis nudi gaudere mariti ; 

Ilia docet, missis a corruptore tabellis, 

Nil rude nec simplex rescribere : decipit ilia 
235 Custodes aut aere domat : tunc corpore sano 

Advocat Archigenen onerosaque pallia jactat. 

Abditus interea latet et secretus adulter, 

Impatiensque morae pavet et praeputia ducit. 

Scilicet exspectas, ut tradat mater honestos 
240 Atque alios mores, quam quos habet ? Utile porro 

Filiolam turpi vetulaa producere turpem. 

Nulla fere causa est, in qua non femina litem 

Moverit. Accusat Manilia, si rea non est. 



tomb : in lapide huic uni nupta 
fuisse legav, Prop. IV. xi. 36. and again ; 
Jilia, tu fac teneas u n u m, nos imitata 
virum; Id. 68. This passage then is a 
bitter, perhaps an overcharged, sarcasm on 
the wives of his time, who were so lost 
to all sense of decorum, as to be nothing 
loath to have their incontinence blazoned 
on their tombstones; R. G. just in the 
same way, as Chloe was of such brazen 
effrontery, that she would not have cared 
if her epitaph (titulus) had not only 
enumerated her husbands, but also stated 
the fact that she had been instrumental 
to their deaths. 

231. Salva ' as long as she lives/ 
SCH. 

232. See 149. 210. R. and note on 
parentes, 13. 

" With savage joy, to fleece A bank- 
rupt spouse." G. 

233. ' By the seducer.' cf. 277 sq. 
xiv. 25 — 30. and the quotation from 
Lucian at 434 sqq. R. scriptce tabellce ; 
Ov. A. A. iii. 621 sqq. 

234 « To write back.' 141. R. 

235. ' The spies set on her daughter's 
conduct by the suspicious husband.' PR. 
M. cf. Ov. A. A. iii. 601 sqq. 611 sqq. 
652 sqq. LU. See also 357 sq. R. 

1 Though her daughter is perfectly 
well :' fallax egrotat ; Ov. A. A. iii. 641 
sqq. LU. 

236. ' She calls in Archigenes:' a first- 
rate physician in the reigns of Domitian, 
Nerva, and Trajan. VS. LU. xiii. 98. 
xiv. 252. He was a native of Apamea 
in Syria, and the author of many medical 
works. By Archigenes here is meant any 



medical man ; as by Heliodorus, 373. BO. 
The mother's object is to get her son-in- 
law removed from his wife's room, on the 
pretence of keeping her quite quiet. R. 
It may be thought that the lover was to 
be introduced in a doctor's disguise. VS. 
Our author perhaps hints at the immo- 
rality of the physicians themselves, as 
being either principals or accessories in 
the crime. Plin. xxix. 1 Mart. XI. Ixxii. 
HN. 

' Tosses off the bed-clothes as too 
heavy.' LU. Ov. Am. I. ii. 2. Her. xxi. 
169 sq. Prop. IV. iii. 31. viii. 87. cf. 
Plaut. True. II. v. 26. R. 

238. ' Is all in a tremor.' Lcetusque 
per artus horror iit ; Stat. Th. i. 493 sq. 
spesque audaxque una metus et jiducia pal- 
lens : nil Jixum cordi: pugnant exire 
paventque: concurrit summos animosum 
frigus in arUis ; Id. vi. 393 sqq. it mem- 
bris gelidus sudor: Icetoque pavore pro- 
missa evolvit ; Sil. iii. 215 sq. xvi.432. H. 

239. Cf. xiv. 25 sqq. R. 

* Do you expect forsooth V 75. ii. 
104. R. 

240. ' Lucrative :' the old beldame 
makes money by it. R. 

241. * To bring forth ;' viii. 271. Cic. 
Verr. i. 12. Sil. i. 112. or ' to bring up :' 
xiv. 228. Plaut. Asin. III. i. 40. Bac. 
III. iii. 51. R. or « to prostitute.' VS. 

1&.XX0U KO^UKOS XCtXOV U0V . LU. 

242. « Where a woman has not a 
finger in the pie.' 

243. ' If she be not defendant, she 
will be plaintiff.' M. 

Manilia. There was a common wo- 
man of this name, who was prosecuted 



132 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Componunt ipsae per se formantque libellos, 
245 Principium atque locos Celso dictare paratse. 
Endromidas Tyrias et femineum ceroma 

Quis nescit 1 Vel quis non vidit vulnera pali ? 

Quern cavat adsiduis sudibus scutoque lacessit 

Atque omnes implet numeros, dignissima prorsus 
250 Florali matrona tuba ; nisi si quid in illo 



for wounding a magistrate with a stone : 
Gel I. iv. 14. PR. V. Max. viii. 3. aureu 
uSiKodirxi ku) 'X^amyx.a.Xova 'irf Alex, 
quoted at 136. R. 

244. 1 They draw up and frame in- 
dictments without any help from the 
attorney.' LU. In our civil-law courts 
the term libellus is still in use, and answers 
to ' a declaration' at common law, which 
contains the complaint. AT. 

245. ' Both the exordium and the 
topics to be used ;' LU. or ' the title 
and section of the law on which the stress 
of the action rests :' PL. ' both chapter 
and verse,' as we say. 

A. Corn. Celsus, who died in the reign of 
Tiberius, left behind him seven books of 
Institutes. VS. He also wrote both on 
rural and military affairs : but he is best 
known as a physician. Quint. XII. ult. 
PR. It is customary with our author to 
give the name of some well-known pro- 
fessor of a former age to some contem- 
porary master of the art. G. There was 
also a P. Juvenlius Celsus, who was 
praetor (A.U. 854) under Trajan, and 
consul for the second time (A.U. 882) 
under Hadrian. He was an eminent 
lawyer, and wrote Commentaries, and 
Books of Letters, Digests, and Questions. 
His father bore the same name, and is 
occasionally mentioned in the Digests. 
GR. HK. R. 

* To dictate' as a master to his scholar. 
JR. cf. v. 122. 

246. Cf. i. 23. iii. 68. 103. T. SA. 
Out of vanity they had these rugs lined 
with purple silk. FE. i. 27. PR. iii. 283. 
R. 

From the epithet femineum, we may- 
suppose that they used a more delicate 
unguent than the common gladiators. 

247. Antiqui ad palos exercebant 
tirones: scutade vimine inmodum crutium 
corrotundata texebant, ita ut duplum pon- 
dus cratis haberet, quam scutum publicum 
habere consuevit : iidemque c lavas ligneas, 
dtipli ceque ponderis, pro gladiis tironibus 



dabant. palorum autem usui non solum 
militibus, sed etiani g ladia toribus plu- 
rimum prodest. a singulis tironibus singuli 
pali defigebantur in terrain, ita tit nutare 
non posseut et sex pedibus eminerent. con- 
tra ilium pa I urn, tamquam contra adver- 
sarium, tiro cum crate ilia et clava velut 
cum gladio se exercebat et scuto ; ut nunc 
quasi caput aut faciem peteret : in qua 
meditutione servabatur ilia cautela, ut ita 
tiro ad inferendum vulnus insurgerel, ne 
qua parte ipse pateret ad plagam ; Veget. 

i. 11. LU. R. 

The words sudes ' stakes' (iv. 128.) 
and rudes ' wooden foils' are sometimes 
confounded. Probably r u d i b u s is the 
correct reading here. SV. LI. vibrare 
sudem; Sil. viii. 554. i. 321. cf. Liv. xl. 
6.9. [xxvi, 51, f. ED.] Ov. A. A. iii. 515. 
Veget. ii. 43. Prop. VI. i. 29. vectes; 
Veget. i. 9. vk^hkis vrct^tts' Xen. Cyr. 

ii. 3. 17 sq. R. Ov. F. ii. 367. H. 

249. ' Goes through all the movements 
of the exercise,' AT. or ' performs the whole 
exercise with precision at the word of 
command.' LU. cf. Plin. Ep. ix. 38. 
Pan. 71. Cic. Div. i. 13. R. 

250. * The trumpet which assembled 
(iii. 34 sq.) the courtezans at the festival 
of Flora.' Lactant. i. 20. LU. Pers. v. 
178. Ov. F. v. 183—378. PR. V. Max. 
II. x. 8. Sen. Ep. 97. Plin. xviii. 29. 
Varr. L. L. iv. 10. vi. 3. R. see also x. 
214. Virg. M. v. 113. LI. 

The Floralia were first sanctioned by 
the government in the consulship of 
Claudius Centho, and Sempronius Tudi- 
tanus, (A. U. 513.) out of the fines 
then exacted for trespasses on the grounds 
belonging to the people : (this is Ovid's 
story:) even then, they were only occa- 
sional ; but about eighteen years after- 
wards, on account of the unfavourable 
spring, the senate decreed that they should 
be celebrated annually, as the most effec- 
tual method to propitiate the goddess of 
the season. They probably had their 
rise in a very remote age, and, like the 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



133 



Pectore plus agitat verseque paratur arena?. 
Quern praestare potest mulier galeata pudorem, 
Quae fugit a sexu ? Vires amat. Haec tamen ipsa 
Vir nollet fieri : nam quantula nostra voluptas ? 
255 Quale decus rerum si conjugis auctio fiat? 
Balteus et manicae et cristas crurisque sinistri 



Lupercalia, were the uncouth expressions 
of gratitude of a rude and barbarous race, 
handed down by tradition, adopted by a 
people as yet but little refined , and finally, 
degeneratinginto licentiousness amidstthe 
general corruption of manners. These 
games were celebrated on the last day of 
April, and the first and second day of 
May ; and with an indecency hardly 
credible amongst civilized people. The 
lowest women appeared upon the stage, 
and exhibited a variety of obscene dances, 
feats of agility, &c. These miserable 
wretches assembled at the sound of a 
trumpet; and the leader of this immodest 
band must have certainly required all 
the impudence, and all the profligacy, 
which Juvenal sees in his female fencer. 
The people claimed a privilege of calling 
upon them, to strip themselves; which 
was regularly done with immense ap- 
plause ! Val. Maximus says, that when 
Cato once happened to be present at 
these games, the spectators were ashamed 
to call upon the ladies as usual. Cato, 
who seems to have expected it, asked his 
friend Favorinus, why they delayed ; and 
was answered, out of respect to him ; 
upon which he immediately left the 
theatre, to the great joy of the people, 
who proceeded to indemnify themselves 
for their reluctant forbearance. Martial 
has an epigram on this anecdote, in 
which he puts a very pertinent question : 
*' Why," says he to Cato, " since you 
knew the nature of these games, did you 
go into the theatre] was it merely that 
you might come out again?" By the 
way, among many other puzzling cir- 
cumstances in the Roman history, how 
are we to account for the high character 
which Cato obtained from his country- 
men. A parent without affection, a 
husband without attachment, a master 
without humanity, and a republican with- 
out political honesty, he has yet come 
down to us, as one of the most virtuous 
men of his age ! In his actions, there 
would seem little more than proofs of a 



hard heart, a wily head, and an im- 
pudence that would have scandalized a 
Cynic. G. 

The word ' matron' is used with indig- 
nation. R. 

Nisi si; Ov. Her. i?. ill. If. ' Un- 
less she meditates some more masculine 
feat.' Mart. Sp. vi. PR. 

252. ' What sense of shame can there 
be in a woman, who is so forgetful of her 
sex as to assume the helmet?' M. 

253. * Robust and manly fexercises.' 
LU. 

254. ' How little is our pleasure in 
comparison with theirs!' Ov. M. iii. 320 
sqq. BRO. cf. xi. 166 sq. Ov. A. A. i. 
342. Prop. III. xix. R. 

255. ' Of your wife's wardrobe.' 

256. These arms are those of the 
Samnite, according to Livy ; duo exercitus 
erant : scuta alterius auro, alterius argento 
ccelaverunt : spougia pectori tegumentum 
{i.e. balteus), sinistrum crus ocrea 
tectum, galece cristatae, quee speciem 
magnitudini corporum adderent, tunic ae 
(this is the reading here according to VS.) 
aurutis militibus versicolor es, argentatis 
lintece candidce. (And after the slaughter 
of the Samnites) Romani ad honorem 
Deum insignibus armis hostium usi sunt: 
Campani, ab superbia et odio Samnitium, 
gladiatores eo ornatu armarunt Samniti- 
umque nomine compellarunt ; Liv. ix. 40. 
Perhaps manicce may mean ' sleeved 
tunics,' which would be better suited to 
women. Cell. vii. 12. Suet. Cees. 45. 
tunica manicas habent ; Virg. 2E. ix. 616. 
The retiarii wore only a tunic : cf. ii. 
143. viii. 200—208. and note on 263. 
R. 

' The left leg' was advanced when 
they fought, and but half-covered with a 
plate of iron, both that it might be less 
cumbrous and because the rest of the leg 
was protected by the shield. LU. Macr. 
S. v. 18. Virgil on the contrary, describes 
the Hernici as having the right leg pro- 
tected and the left bare ; JE. vii. 689 sq. 
PR. 



134 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Dimidium tegimen ; vel, si diversa movebit 

Proelia, tu felix, ocreas vendente puella. 

Hae sunt, quae tenui sudant in cyclade, quarum 

260 Delicias et panniculus bombycinus urit. 

Adspice, quo fremitu monstratos perferat ictus 
Et quanto galeae curvetur pondere, quanta 
Poplitibus sedeat, quam denso fascia libro, 
Et ride, scaphium positis quum sumitur armis. 

265 Dicite vos neptes Lepidi caecive Metelli, 

Gurgitis aut Fabii, quae ludia sumserit umquam 
Hos habitus ? quando ad palum gemat uxor Asyli ? 

Semper habet lites alternaque jurgia lectus, 
In quo nupta jacet : minimum dormitur in illo. 

270 Tunc gravis ilia viro, tunc orba tigride pejor. 



257. ' If your young wife (ii. 59.) 
engages as a retiarius or secutor, you may 
think yourself a lucky fellow, for she will 
then have a pair of boots to sell.' VS. 
LU. PR. R. 

259. ' In a thin muslin frock.' LU. 
It had a border of gold : Prop. IV. vii. 
40. Virg. JE. i. 649. R. India muslin 
has a golden selvedge. 

260. ' To whose charms even a thin 
silken half handkerchief is insupportably 
hot.' VS. cf. i. 27—29. ii. 65 sqq. viii. 
101. R. 

261. Cf. 267. and viii. 200 sqq. R. 
Vir fortis ingemiscit, ut se intendat ad 
firmitatem ; ut in stadio cursores excla- 
rnant, quam maxime possunt : faciunt idem, 
quum exercentur, athletes: pugiles vero, 
etiam quum feriunt adversariiim, in jac- 
tandis ccestibus ingemiscunt ; non, quod 
doleant animove succumbant, sed quia pro- 
fundenda voce omne corpus intenditur, 
venitque plaga vehementior ; Cic. T. Q. 
ii. 23 extr. 24. PR. " Mark, with what 
force, as the full blow descends, She 
thunders hah !" G. Buchanan has a 
Latin epigram on this subject. 

' Which she has been shown by her 
fencing-master.' VS. 

' She thrusts home.' PR. 

263. " How close tucked up for fight, 
behind, before." G. 

Fascia 1 a roll of clothes (cf. Mart. 
VTI. lxvi. 4.) in a thick mass.' PR. 

264. Plaut. Bad. i. 35 sqq. * You will 
laugh to find what a mistake you had made 
with regard to the sex of the combatant.' 



The scaphium was an oblong ' pot' used 
by women ; Mart. XI. xii. 26. that 
which men used was called lasanum. R. 

265. ' High-born dames now assume 
a garb and play a part which a gladiator's 
wife or an actress would once have been 
ashamed of.' LU. VS. 

M. Mm. Lepidus, Censor A. U. 584, 
twice consul, chief pontiff, and prince of 
the senate. One of the second triumvirate 
and many consuls bore the same name. 
LU. PR. 

Metellus; iii. 138 sq. LU. 

266. Q. or M. Fab. Gurges, (son of 
Fab. Max. Rullianus.) was Consul A. U. 
462 and 478, and prince of the senate. 
He was named Gurges from having 
squandered his fortune during his youth : 
in later life he reformed and was exem- 
plary in his conduct. LU. Macr. S. ii. 9. 
iii. 13. Plin. vii. 41. Plut. Fab. Liv. x. 
31. 1. R. PR. 

Ludia ; cf. 104. M. 82. R. 

267. Cf. 247. 261. R. 
Asylus was a prize-fighter. LU. 

268. The Satirist now touches upon 
the comforts of a curtain-lecture. M. Hoc 
decet uiores, dos est uxoria lites ; Ov. A. A. 
ii. 155. &c. iii. 373 sqq. Am. II. ii. 35 sqq. 
dies ac noctes cum cane cetatem exigis; 
Plaut. Cas. II. v. 9 sqq. LU. R. 

270. Tigris Indica fera velocitatis tre- 
mendce est, qucr, vacuum reperiens cubile, 
fertur prceceps odore vestigans. raptor 
appropinquante fremitu, abjicit nnum e 
catulis. tollit ilia morsu et pondere etiam 
ocyor facta reportat: et mox redit, itcrum- 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



135 



Quum simulat gemitus occulti conscia facti 
Aut odit pueros aut ficta pellice plorat, 
Uberibus semper lacrumis semperque paratis 
In statione sua atque exspectantibus illam, 

275 Quo jubeat manare modo : tu credis amorern, 
Tu tibi tunc curruca places fletumque labellis 
Exsorbes, quae scripta et quot lecture tabellas, 
Si tibi zelotypae retegantur scrinia mcechae ! 
Sed jacet in servi complexibus aut equitis. Die, 

280 Die aliquem, sodes, hie, Quintiliane, colorem ! 

" Haeremus: die ipsa." " Olim convenerat," inquit, 
" Ut faceres tu, quod velles, nee non ego possem 
Indulgere mihi : clames licet et mare ccelo 
Confundas, homo sum." Nihil est audacius illis 



que conseqnitur ; donee regresso in navem 
raptore,irrituferitas tcevit in littore; Plin. 
viii. 18 s 25. PR. Mela iii. 5. Solin. 17. 
Sen. Med. 861 sqq. Luc. v. 405. Mart. 
III. xliv. 6 sqq. VIII. xxvi. R. Prov. 
xvii. 12. Hos. xiii. 8. M. 

271. " When, conscious of her guilt, 
she feigns to groan, And chides your 
loose amours, to hide her own." G. The 
duped husband sets down her grief and 
jealousy to the score of her excessive 
love. Ov. A. A. iii. 677 sqq. Am. 1 . viii. 
79 sq. vto rou tv^ovto? orai^iffxa^tou 
act) ^xKg'Jcov iTiTkdffrajv xou trnvayf^cHv 
\u.Xo>i h ystvxTos' Luc. D. M. xxvii. 7. 

a\a>ffi<rda.i vwo yvvatxos xu."kni xai W^os 

liotxgutrui, xai f^trcc^u reov Xoyuv iXiuvus 
v-roffttvuQctr Id. Tox. 15. R. 

272. ' The servant lads.' PR. 
Pellex : 627. ii. 57. 

273. Ut Jlerent oculos erudiere suos ; 
Ov. R. A. 690. Cf. xiii. 133 sq. Ov. Am. 
I. viii. 83 sq. A. A. iii. 291 sq. Her. ii. 
51 sq.jussce prosiliunt lacrumce ; Mart. I. 
xxxiv. 2. Prop. IV. i. 144. R. 

The metaphor is taken from troops 
well-disciplined and trained to move here 
or there at command. VS. " Tears, that 
marshall'd at their station stand, And flow 
impassion'd as she gives command." G. 

274. On the hiatus, see i. 151. R. 
Illam for ilia, is a Grecism. R. An 

accusative dependent on a preceding 
verb, is often used where one would 
expect a nominative. Hyg. fab. 34. C«s. 



B. G. i. 39. HK. 

276. ' Like the hedge-sparrow' which 
sits on the cuckoo's eggs ; so you rear a 
brood, of which you are not the parent, 
though they are hatched in your own 
nest. Plin. x. 9. Arist. H. An. vi. 7. xi. 
29. 37. PR. R. 

Et videat /lent em; nec tcedeat oscu la 
ferre ; et sicco I a cr urn as c ombib at ore 
tuas; Ov. A. A. ii. 325 sq. lacrumas- 
que per oscu la sic cat; Ov. F. iii. 
509. Her. xi. 54. R. 

277. " Could you now examine her 
scrutore, What amorous lays, what letters 
would you see." G. cf. 233. R. 

279. ' But suppose you catch her 
lying.' PR. Petr. 126. R. 

« Slave or knight, for to her it matters 
little which.' R. 

280. ' Quintilian, with all his rhetoric, 
could find no colourable excuse for such 
flagrant misconduct.' VS. cf. vii. 155. M. 
and 186. co lor em dare rehns deformibus ; 
Quint. III. viii. 3. a metaphor from 
painting. R. 

Sodes is formed from si and audes, 
(which occur separately in Plautus,) 
Cic. Orat. 45. Festus; Non. 2. It qua- 
lifies an imperative. F. [Livy xxiii, 47, 
d. ED.] 

281. ' We are aground, quite at a loss ; 
the lady must speak for herself.' LU. 

283. Cf. ii. 25. R. and 75. 

284. * I am a mortal, therefore frail 
by nature.' nihil est jam quod tu mihi 
succenseas ; fecere tale ante alii spectati 



13G 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



285 Deprensis : iram atque animos a crimine sumunt. 

Unde haec monstra tamen vel quo de fonte, requiris ? 
Praestabat castas humilis fortuna Latinas 
Quondam nec vitiis contingi parva sinebant 
Tecta labor somnique breves et vellere Tusco 

290 Vexatae durseque manus ac proximus Urbi 
Hannibal et stantes Collina turre mariti. 
Nunc patiraur longse pacis mala. Saevior armis 
Luxuria incubuit victumque ulciscitur orbem. 
Nullum crimen abest facinusque libidinis, ex quo 

295 Paupertas Romana perit. Hinc fluxit ad istos 
Et Sybaris colles, hinc et Rhodos et Miletos 
Atque coronatum et petulans madidumque Tarentum. 



viri: kumanum amare est, humanum autem 
ignoscere est. ne sis me objurga, hoc non 
voluntas me impulit ; Plaut. Merc. II. ii. 
46 sqq. Ter. Heaut. I. i. 25. Cic. Off. i. 
9. LU. R. 

286. Monstra ; ii. 122. prodigia ; 84. 
R. 645. 

The good old times are again described, 
in xi. 77 — 180. R. Compare Ezekiel on 
the profligacy of the Jewish women ; xvi. 
49. M. 

287. Cf. 5 — 24. and, on the happy 
effects of industrious poverty, see Hor. I 
Od. xii. 41—44. Ill Od. ii. 1 sqq. vi. 17 
sqq. Ov. R. Am. 136 -168. 745 sqq. R. 
Aristoph. PI. 467 sqq. 

288. ' To be contaminated.' R. v. 
128. 

289. ' Lowly roofs :' hamiles casas ; 
Virg. E. ii. 29. when Romuleo recens 
horrebat ~egia culmo ; JE. viii. 654. LU. 

290. Lucretia was found by Taiquin 
thus employed. SCH. 

Metus hostilis in bonis artibus civitatem 
retinebat; Sail. B. J. 41 s 45. LU. cf. 
Liv. xxvi. 10. PR. Sil. xii. 541 sqq. R. 

291. Hannibal; 170. PR. 

' On guard at the Colline gate.' VS. 

292. i. 87. Ille diu miles populus, qui 
prcefuit orbi qui trabeas et sceptra dabat ; 
nunc inhonorus, egens, perfert miserabile 
pacis supplicium, nulloque palam circum- 
datus hoste obsessi discrimen habet ; Claud. 
B. G. 96 &c. K. R. 

293. Cf. x. 218. R. Nova febrium 
terris incubuit cohors ; Hor. I Od. iii. 30 
sq. M. 

• The world' r*v olKovfAvw * the sub- 



jugated provinces of the Roman empire.' 
R. Orbem nam totum victor Roma7ius 
habebat. SCH. cf. SL, on o'utoufitvn, 3. 

294. Cf. ix. 131 sqq. M. Hor. Ill 
Od. xxiv. 42 sqq. Liv. pr. extr. R. 

Dejluxit ; iii. 62. cf. ib. 60 sqq. 69 sqq. 

R. 

295. Hinc ' from opulence, power, 
and luxury :' PO. PA. or * henceforth.' 
R. 

296. • The seven hills on which Rome 
was built.' PO. PA. ix. 131. R. 

Sybaris (which gave rise to the proverbs 
Sybaritica sus, mensa, 6fc.) was a volup- 
tuous city of Magna Grcecia, FA. R. 
founded by the companions of Philo- 
ctetes. VS. 

Rhodos, in the Carpathian sea, off the 
Carian coast. FA. Pind. 01. vii. Strab. 
xiv. Plin. v. 31. Hor. I Od. vii. 1. Ath. 
xiii. 2. Gell. vii. 3. cf. viii. 113. PR. 

Miletos, the chief city of Ionia, on the 
confines of Caria and Lydia. FA. 

297. Tarentum, a town of Messapia, 
on a gulf of the same name. PR. The 
epithets denote the dissolute manners of 
its inhabitants. ' Crowned with flowers :' 
v. 36. ' Wanton and insolent,' as persons 
are when in their cups. ' Wet and 
soaked' either in wine ((it^eyfAvos, i>*o- 
(jtdvuv Hesych.) or with ointments : it 
is called nncttim ; Sidon. v. 430. (as 
uncta Corinthus ; viii. 113.) molle\ Hor. 
II S. iv. 34. imbelle; I Ep. vii. 45. 
Hue vina et unguenta et nimium 
breves f lores amoznee ferre jube rosce ; 
II Od. iii. 13 sq. cf. ix. 128. xi. 122. 
R. M. 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



137 



Prima peregrinos obscoena Pecunia mores 
Intulit et turpi fregerunt saecula luxu 

300 Divitiae molles. Quid enim Venus ebria curat ? 
Inguinis et capitis quae sint discrimina, nescit, 
Grandia quae mediis jam noctibus ostrea mordet, 
Quum perfusa mero spumant unguenta Falerno, 
Quum bibitur concha, quum jam vertigine tectum 

305 Ambulat et geminis exsurgit mensa lucernis. 
I nunc et dubita, qua sorbeat aera sanna 



298. " Wealth first, the ready pander 
to all sin, Brought foreign manners, 
foreign vices in." G. Luxuries 'peregrines 
origo ab exercitu Asiatico invecta in Urbem 
est : inde primum lectos aratos &;c. Liv. 
xxxix. 6. R. Juvenal had perhaps in 
his mind the words of Phocyllides, and 
those of Creon ; Soph. Ant. 301 sqq. ra. 
^{^aT avfycuvrottrt <riftia>ra<ra ^vvaftiv rt 
vr\u<rrnv tuv h uvS^u/vrois 'ix u ' Eur. Ph. 
449 sq. HN. cf. i. 113. Sail. B. C. 11. 

299. Fregerunt ' have enervated' or 
' rendered effeminate :' in this sense we 



have 



<ra ura xanayaris' 



Phot. 242. and 



f« KU.rix.Xao pUa fAXn and h Kanayvia. 
ftovriKvi are opposed to h uv^^tis. Plut. 
Mus. Opp. t. ii. p. m. 1136. 1138. 
fr an gitur ipsa suis Roma superba bonis : 
Prop. III. xiii. 60. R. 

300. ' A woman who adds drunken- 
ness to lewdness.' DO. omne vitium 
ebrietas et intendit et detegit, obstantem 
malis conatibus verecundiam removet ; Sen. 
Ep. 83. SCH. V. Max. II. i. 5. cf. 418 
sqq. Prop. II. xxxiii. 25 sqq. R. 

301. " Take head or tail, to her 'tis 
much the same." G. Suet. Tib. 44 sq. 
Arist. Ep. 1281 sqq. R. Hor. Ep. viii. 
19 sq. VS. 

302. 6 Fat oysters, as provocatives.' 
LU. Their size renders mordet preferable 
to the other reading sorbet. 

Noctes medias, quum pulmo Falerno 
arderet ; iv. 137 sqq. PR. 

303. Si calidum potas, ardenti murrha 
Falerno convenit et melior fit sapor inde 
mero ; Mart. XIV. cxiii. ex. pv^w otvov 
fiiyvvvrts evrcas 'ivtvov : this wine was 
called olios ftvppiv'ims or (/.upplvrss' 2EA. V. 
H. xii. 31. Phn. xiii. 3 s 5. xiv. 3. xxxi 1 
BRO. R. This most extravagant custom 
was, in the days of the elder Pliny, 
confined to a few : in the time of Martial 
it was common enough ; and it continued 



in fashion to the decline of the empire : 
te foliis Arabes ditent • Claud. Eutr. i. 
226. Savage nations will have re- 
course to the most nauseous mixture for 
the sake of procuring a temporary deli- 
rium: strong infusions of aromatic oint- 
ments in wine are said to produce giddiness; 
and it is not altogether improbable, that 
this profligate people (as the extremes of 
barbarism and refinement sometimes meet) 
might be influenced by considerations of a 
similar nature, and adopt this monstrous 
expedient for the mere purpose of accele- 
rating and heightening the effects of in- 
toxication. G. 

To drink the wine ' sheer' was the 
characteristic of drunkards. R. con- 
tinuis vexata madet vindemia nimbis : non 
potes ut cupias, vendere, caupo, merum ; 
Mart. I. lvii. callidus imposuit nuper 
midi copo Ravenna; cum peterem mix- 
turn vendidit ille merum; III. lvii. I. 
xii. &c. 

304. Concha is either a capacious 
drinking-vessel formed like ' a shell,' or 
the vessel which held the unguent. LU, 
419. M. 

305. "Avravra, tv6vs lo'o'xu fioi Vi^Kpi^nr- 
Sat Viovn xa) to ffV/sXaiov auro av$ffTgi<p&TO' 
Luc. D. Mar. ii. 2. olvofiagat xi<pu.\w, 
roti o*u(jt,a vfz^ir^iy^n' Theogn. 503 sqq. 
Eur. B. 916 sqq. Sen. Ep. 83. V. Flac. 
iii. 65 sqq. Virg. iE.iv. 469 sq. Sen. Ag. 
728. R. quce sunt singula, bina videt ; 
Ov. A. A. iii. 764. 

306. ' Go now !' a common expres- 
sion of censure or derision ; x. 166. 310. 
xii. 57. LU. R. 

From sanna comes subsannare. See 
note on Pers. i. 58. 62. iii. 86 sq. v. 91. 
R. turpi sono rugosis naribus introrsum 
reducto spiritu concrepantes ; Amm. xiv. 
6. rviv p7va ffifAuffa.vris, ij/otyov affikyn 5/« 
tuv (avxtviouv f&axgov 1v ourus iltu, 



138 THE SATIRES sat. vi. 

Maura, Pudicitiae veterem quum praeterit aram, 

Tullia quid dicat notse collactea Maurse. 

Noctibus hie ponunt lecticas, micturiunt hie 
310 Effigiemque Dea? longis siphonibus implent 

Inque vices equitant ac luna teste moventur. 

Inde domos abeunt: tu calcas luce re versa 

Conjugis urinam magnos visurus amicos. 

Nota Bona? secreta Deae, quum tibia lumbos 
315 Incitat et cornu pariter vinoque feruntur 

Adtonita? crinemque rotant ululantque Priapi 

Moenades. O quantus tunc illis mentibus ardor 



us a.vl xgowou TT()o%iovris' Petr. Alex, in 
Theodor. E. H. iv. 22. naribus corru- 
gatis aerem sorbens i)ihonestos strepitus 
promit; Sever. Ep. in Baron. Ann. t. v. 
VL. 

307. There were two temples of Chas- 
tity at Rome ; one of Patrician Chastity 
in the ForumBoarhim or ' Cattle-market,' 
the other of Pleheian Chastity in the 
Vicas Lougus or 1 High Street.' The 
former was the more ancient. LU. G. 
Liv.x. 23. 11. 

* She passes the temple, not only with- 
out saluting it, but even with a sneer.' R. 
They are not content with every variety 
of wantonness, unless they show their 
contempt of the goddess of Chastity at 
her antiquated and neglected altars. 
ST A. 

308. Quid ' what impious jeers.' G. 

• Well-known ;' x. 224. G. 

' Ker foster-sister;' op.oya.Xa.KTo;. LU. 

309. « Here they alight from their lit- 
ters ; and the very first thing they do, is 
to show their thorough contempt of the 
deitv within whose precincts they assem- 
ble."' i. 131. R. 

310. ' And bedew the image of the 
goddess with copious irrigations.' LU. 

311. ' The chaste Moon (Hor. C. S.) 
is witness (cf. viii. 149 sq. Manil. i. 283.) 
to their filthy orgies.' vii. 240. Rom. i. 
26 sq. LU. R. M. 

313. ' On your way to see.' i. 33. iii. 
127 sqq. 184. v. 76 sqq. M. R. 

314. Cf. ii. 86 sqq. LU. nksrec) Ti 

pa- Luc. Am. 42. R. 

Quum carmina I u m bum intrant; 
Pers. i. 20 sq. GPu cf. i. 45. ix. 59. 
Pers. iv. 35. R. 



'The flute — the horn;' ii. 90 sqq. 
FE. 

315. • With wine:' magno cratere ; 
ii. 87. R. 

Ferri is said of those who ' rush 
wildly' under the impulse of some irre- 
sistible stimulus : illuc mentis inops, ut 
qnam fur talis Erichtho impulit in collo 
crine jacente, fe r o r ; Ov. Her. xv. 139 
sq. (BU.) R. notes on (fotrfiew Her. vii. 
210. viii. 87. 91. 

316. ' Bewildered : Liv. xxxix. 15. 
Hor. Ill Od. xix. 14. R. 

Caput jactare et comas rotarefanati- 
cum est ; Quint, xi. 3. Our author seems to 
have borrowed Lucan's description of the 
priests of Cybele ; crinemque rotantes 
sanguineum populis ulularunt trisiia 
Galli; i. 566. The Gallus is elsewhere 
similarly represented as popfinrous tov'iuv 
XutrerauctviT; vrkoxoif&ov; , and e^/vjjce 
ivar^o^u-Xtyya. xo'ftuv' Antip. Sid. Ep. 
xxvii. 2. 18. 7?. The priests of Isis also, 
as demisso capite cervices lubricis intor- 
quentes motibus crinesquc pcndulos rotantes 
in circulum ; Apul. Met. viii. p. 214. 
cf. Ep. xxv. p. 246. Eur. B. 150. 864. 
Iph. A. 758. Cat. lxiii. 23 sqq. HU. 

Ululaut ' howl or yell' (oXoXvgovtrtv) is 
applied to sounds of frantic mirth or woe 
indiscriminately. Mart. V. xlii. 3. Luc. i. 
567. Virg. ^."iv.609. Stat. Th. iii. 158. 
Call. H. in Del. 258. R. 

' Of Priapus ;' ii. 95. PR. and v. 75. 
i. e. ' devoting themselves to the god of 
obscenity.' VS. R. 

317. Matvas ' a frantic female,' de- 
notes properly a Bacchante. GR/E. The 
addition of the god's name is an instance 
of the metaphor by analogy mentioned 
by Aristotle, Rh. III. iv. 2. xi. 4. 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



139 



Concubitus ! quae vox saltante libidine ! quantus 
Ille meri veteris per crura madentia torrens ! 

320 Lenonum ancillas posita Saufeia corona 
Provocat et tollit pendentis prsemia coxae. 
Ipsa Medullinae fluctum crissantis adorat: 
Palmam inter dominas virtus natalibus sequat. 
Nil ibi per ludum simulabitur : omnia flent 

325 Ad verum, quibus incendi jam frigidus sevo 
Laomedontiades et Nestoris hernia possit. 
Tunc prurigo morse impatiens, tunc femina simplex, 
Et toto pariter repetitus clamor ab antro : 
" Jam fas est : admitte viros !" Jam dormit adulter, 

330 Ilia jubet sumto juvenem properare cucullo. 
Si nihil est, servis incurritur. Abstuleris spem 
Servorum, veniet conductus aquarius. Hie si 



318. ' As lust dances in their veins.' 
cf. Arist. N. 1393. Aristam. Ep. ii. 5. 
Theocr. iii. 37. Call. H. in Cer. ER.R. 

319. ' They have drunk so much, that 
they cannot retain the liquor,' GR^E. 

320. « Saufeia, or Laufella,' ix. 117. 
xii. 45. Mart. III. Ixxii. a matron, chal- 
lenges the common prostitutes (lenonis 
puella ; 127.) to contend with her, and, 
by throwing each antagonist, bears off 
the prize : GR2E. R. which was a gam- 
mon of bacon. VS. Furca levat ille bicorni 
sordida terga suis uigro pendentia tigno • 
Ov. M. viii. 647 sq. cf. vii. 119. xi. 82. 
H. RI. 

Posita corona ' a prize being proposed :' 
compare primum merui laude cor on am', 
Virg. JE. v. 355. with ires praemia 
primi accipient fiavaque caput nectentur 
oliva : primus equum phaleris imignem 
victor habeto: 308 sqq. imitated by Sihus 
xvi. 300 sqq. 506. nriS'ivou cliJXcc' Horn. IJ. 
*F 653. 740. It might also mean ' her 
chaplet being laid aside.' R. cf. iii. 56. 

322. ' Extols to the skies the graceful 
motion of the wanton Medullina.' Fluc- 
tum is a metaphor taken from the billows 
of the sea : thus ahros xvuffffav vygev 
vurov alu^il- Pind. P. iv. 16 sq. 

323. ' Manly prowess raises the victo- 
rious fair to the level of high-born dames.' 
LU. R. 

324. " Nothing is feign'd in this un- 
natural game." G. 



325. ' To the life.' R. 

Illius ad tactum Pylius juvenescere pos- 
sit, Tithonusque annis Jbrtior esse suis ; 
Ov. Am. III. vii. 41 sq. Mart. VI. lxxi. 
3 sq. XI. lx. 3 sq. XIV. cciii. R. 

' Frozen with age' opposed to ' warm 
youth;' 369. R. 

326. Priam, son of Laomedon. LU, 
Virg. M. viii. 158. R. 

Another periphrasis : cf. iv. 107. 
' The ruptured Nestor.' G. Ov. M. xii. 
PR. pondus Nestoris ; Plaut. cf. x. 205. 
Cels. iii. 24, 9. v. 18. Mart. XI. lxxxiv. 
5. R. 

327. ' The woman peeps out simple 
and undisguised.' GR. BRI. 

328. ' The den ;' probably some 
vaulted cellar in which their gross rites 
were carried on. jR. 

329. These words are addressed to the 
female porter. R. 

' The gallant is not yet up.' 

330. ' The mistress tells her maid to go 
and bid the young man put on a hood, 
and come without delay.' R. cf. 118. M. 
See also Tib. I. ix. 71. quoted at v. 
462. 

331. 'If nothing of the kind is to be 
found.' LU. Arist. Th. 491 sq. LI. 

4 They fall foul of slaves.' cf. v. 279. 
LU. 

332. ' The attendant who drew water 
to fill the baths.' This class of men had 
got a bad name from being often hired 



140 THE SATIRES sai 

Quaeritur et desunt homines ; mora nulla per ipsam, 
Quo minus imposito clunem submittat asello. 

335 Atque utinam ritus veteres et publica saltern 
His intacta malis agerentur sacra : sed omnes 
Noverunt Mauri atque Indi, quae psaltria penem 
Majorem, quam sunt duo Caesaris Anticatones, 
Illuc, testiculi sibi conscius unde fugit mus, 

340 Intulerit, ubi velari pictura jubetur, 



by the ladies to carry letters to their 
sweethearts: Festus. HN. The persons 
employed about the baths, we may con- 
clude, would not be very attractive : and 
the office itself was looked upon as very 
degrading, note on Her. iii. 14. 

333. ' There would be no hesitation 
on her part to follow the foul example of 
Pasiphae.' xii. 1 1 1 twice. R. 

335. ' If such impurities must be, 
would they were restricted to modern 
rites and private occasions, that we might 
avoid the scandal which now arises from 
them.' VS. 

336. ' It is known all over the world :' 
omnibus et li]>pis notum et tonsoribus esse, 
' to be known all over the city ;' Hor. I 
S. vii. 3. R. ' to be matter of public 
notoriety.' ii. 58. 

337. " What singing-wench produced 
his ware Vast as two Anticatos." G. 

This was Clodius ; who, when a very 
young man, had an intrigue with Pom- 
peia, the wife of Julius Caesar. As the 
lady was narrowly watched by her 
mother-in-law, Aurelia, they had few 
opportunities of meeting; this irritated 
their impatience, and forced them upon 
an expedient, as flagitious as it was new. 
The mysteries of the Bona Dea were so 
respected by the Romans, that none but 
women had the privilege of officiating at 
them; every male, even of animals, was 
driven from the house, and every statue, 
every picture of the masculine kind scru- 
pulously veiled. Clodius dressed himself 
like a woman, and knocked at the door 
of CfBsar's house, where the mysteries 
were then celebrating. One of Pompeia's 
maids, who was in the secret, let him in ; 
but unluckily, while she was gone to 
acquaint her mistress with his arrival, the 
impatient Clodius advanced towards the 
assembly. On the way, he was met by 
another domestic, who, taking him for 
one of her own sex, began to toy with 



him. Clodius was confused ; which the 
other perceiving, insisted on knowing who 
and what he was. His voice, and still 
more his agitation, betrayed him. The 
women, struck with horror at such a pro- 
fanation, covered the altar and the imple- 
ments of sacrifice with a veil, and drove 
the intruder from the house. Imme- 
diately after, they left it themselves, and 
went to acquaint their husbands with 
the unprecedented abomination. Clodius 
was instantly accused, and would have 
been condemned ; but for the clandestine 
influence of Pompey and Caesar, (of 
whom he was a necessary tool,) and a 
species of bribery almost too infamous 
for belief, though asserted as a fact by 
Cicero. G. 

338. The inference is that Pompeia 
loved Clodius, because he was more than 
twice the man that Caesar was. Caesar 
had not only seduced Servilia, the sister 
of Cato and mother of Brutus, x. 319. 
but had written two books, against 
Cicero's work entitled ' Cato,' which 
he named ' A n t i c a t o.' Suet. 56. Plut. 
V. Caas. Opp. t. i. p. 733. c. Gell. iv. 
16. Cic. Att. xii. 41. xiii. 48. Div. ii. 9. 
Top. 94. R. 

The volumes of the ancients were so 
called from their cylindrical form. VS. 
GR. PR. There is also an insinuation 
that Caesar's honour was more touched by 
his wife's infidelity, than Cato's was dis- 
paraged by all the obloquy with which 
Caesar had assailed it. LU. 

339. ' Rites held so sacred that the 
presence of any male (were it the very 
least animal) would be a profanation.' 
VS. 

340. Submotis extra conspectum omnibus 
viris, ut picturae qnoque masculorum 
animalium contegantur, <^c. Sen. 
Ep. 97. R. Such extreme delicacy is 
not very unlike that of the maiden lady, 
who carried her notions of propriety so 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



141 



Quaecumque alterius sexus imitata figuram est. 
Et quis tunc hominum contemtor numinis ? aut quis 
Simpuvium ridere Numae nigmmque catinum 
Et Vaticano fragiles de monte patellas 

345 Ausus erat? Sed nunc ad quas non Clodius aras? 
Audio, quid veteres olim moneatis amici : 
" Pone seram ; cohibe." Sed quis custodiet ipsos 
Custodes ? Cauta est et ab illis incipit uxor. 
Jaraque eadem summis pariter minimisque libido, 

350 Nec melior, silicem pedibus qu.se content atrum, 
Quam quae longorum vehitur cervice Syrorum. 

Ut spectet ludos, conducit Ogulnia vestem, 
Conducit comites, sellam, cervical, arnicas, 



far as never to allow of male and female 
authors occupying the same shelf in her 
library. 

342. Quis ; see note on iii. 49. 

' Even in those days, bad as they 
were, gross profaneness had never reached 
the height it now has/ cf. xiii. 53. LU. 
Juvenal is always laudator temporis acti ; 
Hor. A. P. 173. SCH. Or « then' may 
refer to quondam, 288. and ' now,' 345. 
to nunc, 292. R. 

343. Simpuvium from simu I bib ere, 
because ' all the priests drank from it :' 
VS. probably the same as simpullum or 
simpulum ; vas parvum, non dissimile 
cyatho, quo vinum in sacrificiis Ubabatur ; 
Fest. quo vinum dabant, ut minutatim 
funderent, a guttis gut turn appellarunt ; 
et quo sumebant minutatim, a sumendo 
simpulum nominavere : in hujusce locum 
in conviviis e Grcecia successit epichysis et 
cyathus, in sacrificiis remansit guttum et 
simpulum ; Varr. L. L. iv. 26. it. in fic- 
tilibus prolibatur simpuviis (or simpullis) ; 
Plin. xxxv. 12 s 46. Cic. de Legg. iii. 
36. Paupertas imperium populo Romano 
fundavit a primordio, proque eo in hodier- 
num diem diis immortalibus simpuvio et 
catino fictili sacrificat ; Apul. Ap. p. 285, 
41. PR. 

* Of Numa,' who was the founder of 
religious rites at Rome. Flor. i. 2. PR. 

* The dish of dark earthen-ware.' PR. 

344. ' Brittle,' because they were not 
of gold or silver. R. in Vaticanis con- 
dita musta cadis ; Mart. I. xix. 2. The 
Vatican was one of the seven hills, which 
produced clay used in the manufacture 



of pottery ; and its name was derived from 
vaticinium: Gell. xvi. 17. Fest. PR. 

345. " Now daring Clodii swarm in 
every face." G. 

346. ' Old-fashioned friends :' but ' the 
times are long gone by, when such pre- 
cautions would have been of avail.' if. 

Olim ; iv. 96. R. 

347. Apposita sera ; Ov. Am. III. xiv. 
10. H. 

' Restrain her by surrounding her with 
spies and keepers,' after the Greek cus- 
tom. PTR, iv. 13. R. 

348. 1 She is cunning :' decipit ilia 
custodes ant cere domat ; 234 sq. Tac. A. 
xi. 35. Ov. Am. III. iv. A. A. iii. 611— 
658. Prop. II. vi. 37 sqq. R. 

350. ' The poor woman who tramps 
afoot over the muddy pavements.' LIT. 
Prop. II. xxiii. 15. Prud. c. Sym. 582. 
The pavement at Rome consisted of hard 
lava. W, on Lucr. i. 316 sq. R. 

351. ' Tall Syrians:' cf. i. 64 sq. PR. 
iii. 240. M. 

352. Ogulnia, a poor but ambitious 
matron, whose character appears no bet- 
ter than that of any other lady of those 
days. LU. PR. cf. iii. 180—183. R. 

* In order to appear in style, she is 
obliged to hire every requisite.' ibid. 
and vii. 143. It is mentioned as cha- 
racteristic of meanness : <r$u<r6ai faga- 
•ra'ivas, akka fturSoverdui us ras l%o8ous' 
Theoph. xxii. CAS. R. 

353. Matrons seldom went out without 
* a large retinue of waiting-women' to 
accompany them. CAS. 

4 A chair and cushion ;' i. 65. in which 



142 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Nutricem, et flavam, cui det mandata, puellam. 

355 Hsec tamen argenti superest quodcumque paterni 
Levibus athletis ac vasa novissima donat. 
Multis res angusta domi : sed nulla pudorem 
Paupertatis habet, nee se metitur ad ilium, 
Quern dedit haec posuitque modum. Tamen utile quid sit, 

360 Prospiciunt aliquando viri ; frigusque famemque 
Formica tandem quidam expavere magistra. 
Prodiga non sentit pereuntem femina censum 
Ac, velut exhausta'rec idivus pullulet area 
Numus et e pleno semper tollatur acervo, 

365 Non umquam reputat, quanti sibi gaudia constent. 
Sunt, quas eunuchi imbelles ac mollia semper 
Oscula delectent et* desperatio barbae 
Et quod abortivo non est opus. Ilia voluptas 
Summa tamen, quod jam calida matura juventa 

she was carried to the Circus, and in formica laborisfyc. Hor. I S. i. 33 sqq. FA. 

which she sat while there. LI. LU. Prov. vi. 6—8. 

' Female clients :' nec Laconicas mihi 363. They act as if the money chest 

truhunt hone stae purpuras clientae; was like Fortunatus's purse in the story. 

Hor. II Od. xviii. 6 sq. R. FA. 

354. • A nurse,' that she may appear " As if the gold, with vegetative power, 

to have a family. LU. Would bloom afresh, and spring from 

' A yellow-haired girl, to pass for her hour to hour." This is a plain allusion 
confidante,' Fli. and to attract notice, to a notion very generally received among 
(see note on 120.) as it was considered a the ancients, that mines, after being ex- 
beauty to have such hair : Phyllis flava ; hausted, sometimes reproduced their ores. 
Hor. II Od. iv. 14. Jlava Chloe ; III Od. G. Recidiva arhorum sunt, qua aliis 
ix. 19. M. cf. v. 115. R sectis repullulant ; Isidor. SC. Virg. M. 

355 sq. Cf. 82 sqq. M. Mart. IV. iv. 344. Ov. F. iv. 45. Sen. Tro. 472. 

xxviii. It. " She wastes the wreck of Claud. Phce. 66. H. GRO. R. 

her paternal store On smooth-faced 364. Suave est ex magno tollere acervo ; 

wrestlers: wastes her little all, And strips Hor. I S. i. 51. R. 

her shivering mansion to the wall." G. 365. ' Their sensual indulgences.' PR, 

356. Levis ; iii. 111. R. Tib. I. v. 39. &c. R. 

Novissimus ; xi. 42. R. 366. Cf. i. 22. aiunt illos maximos 

357. Pudor paupertatis (1) 'a dread mulierum am uteres, sed nihil potesse ; Ter. 
of the disgrace of poverty, especially as Eun. IV. iii. 23 sq. Mart. VI. lxvii. 
it is owing to her own folly and extra- BRO. MU. JS. Sunt quas delectent : cf. 
jvagance.' M. R. or (2) ' the modest Hor. I Od. i. 3. &c. 

frugality which is, or should be, attendant ' Unwarlike,' a metaphor derived from 

upon poverty,' FA. M. R. or (3) ' a fear the same source as prozlia ; Virg. G. iii. 

of being ridiculed for the notorious dis- 98. Hor. I Od. vi. 17 sq. VS. Claud, 

crepancy between her means and her in Eutr. ii. 271 — 283. R. 

expenses.' BRL FA. paupertatis 'Soft' i. e. 'beardless:' mollia basia 

pudor et fuga\ Hor. I Ep. xviii. 24. are opposed to duro ore ; Mart. XI. xxii. 

R. 1 sq. R. 

358. Cf. xi. 35 sqq. R. 368. Cf. ii. 32. R. 

359. Me7isura census ; xiv. 316. R. 369. Domitian, merely out of opposition 

360. Parvula (nam exemplo est) magni to his brother Titus, prohibited the making 



f 

sat. vi. OF JUVENAL. 143 

370 Inguina traduntur medicis, jam pectine nigro. 
Ergo spectatos ac jussos crescere primum 
Testiculos, postquam cceperunt esse bilibres, 
Tonsoris damno tantum rapit Heliodorus. 
Conspicuus longe cunctisque notabilis intrat 

375 Balnea, nec dubie custodem vitis et horti 

Provocat, a domina factus spado. Dormiat ille 
Cum domina: sed tu jam durum, Postume, jamque 
Tondendum eunucho Bromium committere noli. 
Si gaudet cantu ; nullius fibula durat 

380 Vocem vendentis praetoribus : organa semper 
In manibus: densi radiant testudine tota 
Sardonyches : crispo numerantur pectine chordae, 



of eunuchs, and was followed in this by 
other emperors. Suet. Dom. 7. Mart. 
VI. ii. IX. vii. ix. Stat. Ill S. iv. 53— 
80. IV S. iii. 13 sqq. Xiph. Ixvii. 2. 
Philost. V. Ap. vi. 17. Phot. Bibl. p. 
509 1 Amm. Marc, xviii. 4 sq. R. 

370. ' Complete adults, in glowing 
youth, (325. R.) with every sign of man- 
hood.' M. 

Medicis ' to the surgeons who are to 
perform the operation.' LU. 

371 sqq. " When every part's to full 
perfection rear'd, And nought of man- 
hood wanting, but the beard." G. There- 
fore the barber is the only (i. 136. VA.~) 
loser: LU. as the shoemaker was the 
only sufferer by the Socratic philosophers 
going barefoot; Arist. N. 104. HN. 

373. Heliodorus is ' the surgeon.' VS. 
Paul. iEgin. iv. 49. R. 

374. Ingens semivir; 512 sq. grandes 
Galli; Pers. v. 186. R. 

375. The baths were the scene of 
much wickedness, ix. 35. xi. 156. Mart. 
I. xcvii. 11 sqq. R. 

' He challenges, without hesitation, 
Priapus himself.' ii. 95. PR. Antip. Ep. 
iv. in Br. An. t. ii. p. 7. Tib. I. v. 27. 
HY. Cat. xix. 15. Diodor. iv. 6. R. 

376. Domina; 30. R. 

378. Bromius, a favourite youth of 
Ursidius, named perhaps after Bacchus 
from his beauty. LU. The origin of the 
epithet may be found in O v. M . iii.288 sqq. 

Committere noli ' do not allow this lad 
to enter the lists with the eunuch.' See 
note on i. 163. R. In what way, or why, 
neither does Juvenal say nor are the 



commentators agreed ; therefore it is need- 
less to enquire. 

379. Uxor is understood. LU. 

4 No singer, but what she completely 
tires out by her unconscionable demands 
upon his vocal powers.' There is here 
a double periphrasis : (1) vocem venden- 
tis prcetoribus for cantoris ; (as suafunera 
celsi Praetoris vender e ludis, viii. 
192. 194. means ' to become gladiators 
R.) because the Praetor, who exhibited 
the games, hired the performers : and 
(2) Jibula (73. PR.) cantoris for cantor. 
BRI. LU. The object of infibulation 
was frustrated by their singing in private 
till they were hoarse, to please the ladies. 
M. 

380. * Musical instruments.' LU. 

381. On the invention of the lyre by 
Mercury, see Hor. I Od. x. 6. Ill Od. 
xi. 3. R. Of Phoebus it is said, instruc- 
tam Jidem gem mis et dentibus Indis 
sustinet a Iceva ; tenuit manus altera plec- 
trum ; Ov. M. ii. 167. M. Some under- 
stand ' the sparkling of the jewels in the 
rings of the fair amateur.' LU. 

382. ' The sardonyx;' Pers. i. 16. PR. 
cf. xiii. 138 sq. R. a gem of the colour 
of the human nail. M. 

Crispo is to be taken transitively, 
' causing vibrations.' VS. It is more 
commonly neuter, as UngucB bisulcce jac- 
tum cri spurn ; Pacuv. in Nonn. cris- 
pum movere latus ; Virg. Cop. 2. 2E. i. 
313. R. 

' The quilP was made of ivory. VS. 
obloquitur numeris septem discrimina 
vocum, jamque eadem digitis, jam pec- 



144 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Quo tener Hedymeles operas dedit : hunc tenet, hoc se 
Solatur gratoque indulget basia plectro. 

385 Quaedam de numero Lamiarum ac nominis alti 
Cum farre et vino Janum Vestamque rogabat, 
An Capitolinam deberet Pollio quercum 
Sperare et fidibus promittere. Quid faceret plus 
iEgrotante viro ? medicis quid tristibus erga 

390 Filiolum ? Stetit ante aram, nec turpe putavit 
Pro cithara velare caput ; dictataque verba 
Pertulit, ut mos est, et aperta palluit agna. 



tine pulsat eburno ; Virg. JE. vi. 646 sq. 
M. 

' Are run over in order.' M. LU. 

383. Tener; 'soft;' LU. i. 22. xii. 
39. R. 

Hedymeles (fit/ * sweet' ftikas ' melody') 
the fictitious name of her favourite harper. 
LU. 

384. ' She consoles herself in his ab- 
sence' or, perhaps, ' when he is no more.' 
SCH. cava solans cegrum testudine 
amor em; Virg. G. iv. 464. 

' Dear' for its former owner's sake. 
SCH. 

385. ' The Lamian family' was men- 
tioned, iv. 154. LU. 

' High' i. e. ' noble;' viii. 40. 131. R. 
Ov. F. iv. 305. H. cf. 607. 

386. " With the usual offerings, meal 
and wine." G. ix. 122. PR. note on 
ovXa'r Her. i. 1 60. 

Janus and Vesta were very ancient 
Roman deities. LU. quum in omnibus 
rebus vim habeant maximum prima et 
extrema, principem in sacrijicando Janum 
esse voluernnt : .... VestcB vis ad aras et 
focos pertinet ; itaque in ea dea, qiue est 
rerum custos intimarum, omnis et precatio 
et sacrificalio extrema est ; Cic. N. D. ii. 
67. cf. Dion. H. ii. PR. As to Janus 
cf. 393. Ov. F. i. 172 sqq. Macr. S. i. 9. 
and on Vesta, Paus. v. 14. R. Call. H. 
in Cer. 129. SP. 

387. ' The Capitoline oak' i. e. the 
crown awarded to the victorious com- 
petitor for the musical prize in the Capi- 
toline games. This festival was cele- 
brated every fifth year, in honour of Jove, 
and was instituted by Domitian. VS. LU. 
Tarpeias quercus; Mart. IV. liv. 1 sq. 
JS. Suet. 4. and Schol. Gell. v. 5. 
Plin. xvi. 4. PR. There were also prizes 
for horse-racing and gymnastics : cf. vii. 



86. Mart. IV. i. 6. VIII. Ixxxii. 7. IX. 
iv. 8. xli. i. R. 

Pollio was an eminent musician : M. 
vii. 179. Mart. IV. lxi. 9. R. 

389. Tristibus not only means ' if the 
doctors shook their heads and gave over 
their patient;' M. but also that ' the 
physicians would show more feeling than 
the unnatural mother.' R. 

390. This description of the mode of 
consulting the aruspex (ii. 121.) is very 
minute and accurate. Pliny says that 
the stated forms of prayer were observed 
with the most scrupulous exactness, and 
that a monitor (probably a minor priest) 
stood by the suppliant to prevent the 
slightest aberration, xxviii. 2. V. Max. i.l . 
Tertullian finely contrasts the practices of 
the Christians with those of their pagan 
adversaries: illuc suspicienles Christiani, 
manibus e x pan sis, quia innocuis ; ca- 
pite nudo, quia non erubescimus; denique 
sine monitore, quia de pectore oramus ! 
It was the custom first to touch the altar, 
Sil. iii. 82. standing before it with the 
head veiled, to prevent interruption from 
any ill omen ; Mart. XII. lxxvii. 1 sq. 
Virg. iE. iii. 405 sqq. Plut. Q. R. 2. 10. 
13. Macr. S. i. 8. iii. 6. then to wheel 
round to the right in a circle, and also to 
fall down and perform adoration by 
kissing the hand. Suet. Vit. 2. PR. G. 
R. 

391. ' A harp' for ' a harper.' LU. 

392. ' Went through ;'peregit; v. 122. 
R. or « put up.' VS. Plin. xviii. 4. GRO. 

" And trembled, and turn'd pale, as 
he explored The entrails, breathless for 
the fatal word." G. cf. Plin. xxviii. 2. 
Liv. Cic. Div. i. 16. ii. 29. 32. PR. 
pecudum reclusis pectoribus inhians, spi- 
rantia consulit exta ; Virg. IE. iv. 63 sq. 
R. 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



145 



Die mihi nunc, quaeso, die, antiquissime Divum, 

Respondes his, Jane pater ? Magna otia cceli : 
395 Non est, ut video, non est, quod agatur apud vos. 

Haec de comcedis te consulit ; ilia tragoedum 

Commendare volet : varicosus fiet haruspex. 
Sed cantet potius, quam totam pervolet urbem 

Audax et ccetus possit quam ferre virorum 
400 Cumque paludatis ducibus praesente marito 

Ipsa loqui recta facie strictisque mamillis. 

Haec eadem novit, quid toto flat in orbe ; 

Quid Seres, quid Thraces agant : secreta novercae 

Et pueri : quis amet, quis diripiatur adulter. 
405 Dicet, quis viduam praegnantem fecerit et quo 

Mense, quibus verbis concumbat quseque, modis quot. 



393. Here the poet indignantly apo- 
strophizes the god. VS. cf. ii. 126—132. 
R. 

394. ' Father' was a title of reverence 
used towards deities in general, but to 
Janus in particular. BR. Macr. S. i. 9. 
PR. HY, Exc. V. on Virg. JE. vii. cf. 
xiii. 81. Virg. JE. i. 155. V. Flacc. i. 11. 
Fetron. 41. R. 

' There must be many idle hours in 
heaven.' Juvenal here, as elsewhere, 
ridicules the popular mythology; DO. 
and, at the same time, the Epicurean 
notion of the quiescent leisure of the 
gods ; Lucr. vi. 57. Hor. I S. v. 101 sqq. 
Sen. Ben. iv. 4. D. Laert. x. 77. but 
insinuates that they had better not meddle 
at all with human affairs, than concern 
themselves about such indecent follies as 
were now referred to them. R. 

397. ' The soothsayer will find his 
legs swell, from being kept standing so 
constantly.' Varicosus denotes ' having 
the veins swollen.' Hippocr. Aph. vi. 21. 
DO. Pers. v. 189. PR. Plaut. Epid. V. 
ii. 5. GRO. Cels. vii. 8. 17. 31. Paul. 
JEg. vi. 82. Avicenn. often. Cicero, 
(Quint. XI. iii. 143. Macr. S. ii. 5. 
Sidon. Ep. v. 5.) Marius, (Cic. T. Q. 
ii. 15. Plut. V. Mar. pr. Plin. xi. 45 s 
104.) and many others suffered from this 
cause. R. Ov. A. A. iii. 304. H. 

398. ' She had better be musical, than 
be addicted to gadding and gossiping.' 
PR. 

399. " Oh these Encounterers ! 
so glib of tongue, They give a coasting 



welcome ere it comes; And wide unclasp 
the tables of their thoughts To every 
ticklish reader : set them down For slut- 
tish spoils of opportunity And daughters 
of the game;" Shaksp. Tro. and Cress. 
IV. v. G. 

400. ' With generals in full uniform.' 
M. The paludamentum was the military 
robe of commanders when they went to 
put themselves at the head of their 
troops. LU. 

401. ' Looking them right in the face,' 
i.e. 'boldly;' x. 189. BY, on Hor. I 
Od. iii. 18. R. 

Strictis ' exposed from the dress being 
tightly laced round the body.' BRJ. 
Lucian. Am. 41. Mart. XIV. Ixvi. 
exxxiv. 1. Cat. lxiv. 65. R. Ov. A. A. 
iii. 274. H. 

402. Id quod in aurem rex regina 
dixerit ; sciunt, quod Juno fabulata cum 
Jove ; quce neque futura neque facta sunt, 
tamen sciunt ; Plaut. Trin. I. ii. 168 sqq. 
CAN. Theoph. Ch. 8. Theocr. XV. 64. 
Mart. IX. xxxvi. R. 

403. Seres. Ammian. xxiii. Jin. PR. 
See note on ii. 66. 

Thraces ' the people of Romania.' 
PR. 

1 The clandestine amours.' PR. 

404. • Her young step-son.' LU. 

' What gallant is in high request, so 
as to be the bone of contention among the 
ladies.' Mart. VII. Ixxv. 1. Sen. Br. V. 
7. de Ira, iii. 23. RB. GRJE. Stat. Th. 
v. 722. V. S. iii. 129. R. 

406. Juvenal seems to have had 



146 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Instantem regi Armenio Parthoque cometen 
Prima videt ; famam rumoresque ilia recentes 
Excipit ad portas : quosdam facit. Isse Niphatem 

410 In populos magnoque illic cuncta arva teneri 
Diluvio, nutare urbes, subsidere terras, 
Quocumque in trivio, cuicumque est obvia, narrat. 

Nec tamen id vitium magis intolerabile, quam quod 
Vicinos humiles rapere et concidere loris 

415 Exorata solet. Nam si latratibus alti 

Rumpuntur somni ; " Fustes hue ocius" inquit 
" AfFerte !" atque illis dominum jubet ante feriri, 



before his eyes, Ov. Am. II. viii. 27 sq. 
R. 

' Whether she talks Latin or Greek.' 
191. GRM. 195. PR. 

407. Mutantem regna cometen ; Luc. 
i. 529 &c. LU. magnum terris adstare 
cometem ; Id. VS. comet as, Grceci vo- 
cant, nostra crinitas; horrentes crine 
sanguineo et comarum modo in vertice 
hispidas; <5fc. Plin. ii. 25 sq. stella cri- 
nita, quae summis potestatibus exilium 
portendere vulgo putatur, c\c. Suet. Ner. 
36. CI. 46. Cic. N. D. ii. 5 s. 14. Sen. 
N. Q. vii. Plut. de PI. Phil. iii. 2. PR. 
Tac. A. xiv. 22. xv. 47. Virg. G. i. 488. 
V. Flac. v. 367. 370 sq. R. Sil. viii. 638. 

Armenia, the kingdom of Tigranes the 
ally of Mithridates, and Parthia, Pers. 
v. 4. were countries in the vicinity of 
Mount Taurus. PR. 

Trajan undertook an expedition against 
theParthians and Armenians; and, about 
the same time, an earthquake occurred 
at Antioch and the vicinity, in which 
monntains subsided and rivers burst out. 
D. Cass, lxviii. 24 sqq. Xiph. lx viii. 
17—23. LI. LU. But if this satire was 
written before Trajan's reign, we should 
rather understand our author to be speak- 
irjg of what occurred in Vespasian's 
reign : ne in metu quidem ac periculo 
mortis exlremo abstinuit jocis : nam quum 
inter prodigia cetera mausoleum Ccesarum 
derepente patuissei et stella in cozlo cri- 
nit a apparuisset ; alterum ad Juliam 
Calvinam, e gente Augusti, pertinere di- 
cebat, alterum ad Parthorum regem, qui 
capil latus esset ; Suet. 23. (Both the 
Armenians and the Parthians wore their 
hair very long. HN.) After all, perhaps, 
Juvenal is but amusing himself with the 
ignorance of this tittle-tattle-monger, 



whom he introduces confounding what 
she had heard and fabricating what she 
had not. R. G. cf. Theoph. Ch. 8. CAS. 

408. 1 Fame/ what is generally and 
confidently reported; ' rumour,' what can 
be traced to no authority, but originates 
in mischief and is propagated by cre- 
dulity. Quint. I. O. v. 2. R. 

409. Excipit 'catches by lying in wait,' 
(Liv. ii. 4. xl. 7.) R. ' intercepts,' G. 
putting the question p-h n xaivov ; to every 
one who arrives from abroad. LU. [Livy 
xxii, 12, 7. ED.] 

Ire is applied to the fierce attack of an 
enemy ; Virg. JE. ix. 424. Ov. F. v. 
713. R. 

Niphates, Hor. II Od. ix. 20. Virg. G. 
iii. 30. is properly a mountain of Armenia, 
part of the Tauric chain, from which the 
Tigris takes its rise. Plin. v. 27. The 
geographers do not notice any river of 
this name : that which the poets mention 
(Luc. iii. 245. Sil. xiii. 765.) is perhaps 
merely the Tigris in the early part of its 
course. R. G. 

411. ' Sink down.' cf. Tac. A. ii. 47, 
3. R. Plin. ii. 69 sq. PR. 

412. ' The places where three ways 
met,' ' places of public resort.' M. 

414. ' To have her poor neighbours 
taken up and cut to pieces.' LU. 

415. ' After listening to their prayers 
and entreaties ;' had it not been for which, 
she would have had them flogged to 
death. LU. In this and the following 
lines Juvenal is probably alluding to some 
recent and well-known transaction. R. 

From her ' sound slumbers' we may 
infer that she was not an invalid, so as to 
be seriously disturbed ' by the barking of 
the dog.' 

417. • The owner of the dog.' LU. 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



147 



Deinde canem. Gravis occursu, teterrima vultu 
Balnea nocte subit ; conchas et castra moveri 

420 Nocte jubet ; magno gaudet sudare tumultu, 
Quum lassata gravi ceciderunt brachia massa, 
Callidus et cristas digitos impressit aliptes ^ . <SL 
Ac surnmum dominse femur exclamare coegit. 
Convivae miseri interea somnoque fameque 

425 Urguentur. Tandem ilia venit rubicundula, totum 
GEnophorum sitiens, plena quod tenditur urna 
Admotum pedibus, de quo sextarius alter 

418. Nec visu facilis ; Virg. JE. iii. Id. Lexiph. 5. Mart. VII. lxvi. 6. XIV. 
621. VS. xlix. Sen. Ep. 58. Arist. de Anira. Inc. 3. 

419. Cojichas; see note on 304. M. Probl. v. 8. Paus. Eliac. i.26 sq. Mercur. 
It would appear from the following epi- de Art. Gymn. ii. 12. R. 

gram to have been a vessel to bathe in, 422. * So sly as to know how far he 

formed in the shape of a shell : tramferat might venture without offence.' LU. 

hue tiquidos fontes Heliconia Nais et patulo ' The anointer (iii. 76. Ter, Eun. III. 

conchce divitis orbe Jluat : namque latex, v. 29 sqq. Claud, in Eutr. i. 106 sq. R.) 

doctcB qui laverit ora Serence, ultra Pega- has nibbed in the oil on every part of 

seas numen habebit aquas ; Claud, v. B. her body.' 

cf. Colura. xii. 5. 50. Cato R. R. 13. 423. 4 And produces a sound by ap- 

66. R. plying it to her flesh smartly with his hol- 

Castra moveri; a military metaphor, low hand.' FA. See Seneca quoted above. 

LU. as in 273 sqq. ' the camp equipage :' PR. U7icti verbere vapulat magistri ; 

M. from the parade with which she Mart. VII. lxvi. 8. R. 

moves. PR. Exclamare intimates that if the lady 

Balnea ; see note on i. 49. M. i. 143. had proper feelings of delicacy, she her- 

Before the dynasty of the emperors, the self would have ' cried out,' when the 

time for a bath was the ninth hour, and fellow presumed to take such liberties, 

the tenth hour was supper-time. After- VS. 

wards, however, the time of bathing was, 424. ' All this while she has been 

in summer, changed to the eighth hour, keeping a party waiting, who were en- 

xi. 204 sqq. Tac. A. xiv. 2. LI. Exerc. PI. gaged to sup at her house.' LU. 

648, SA. Spart. Hadr. 22. Lampr. Sev. 425. ' Glowing from her exercise at 

24. Plin. Ep. iii. 1. 8. Vitr. v. 10. the bath.' LU. cf. Mart. III. li. VII. 

Artemid. Oneir. i. 66. Mart. III. xxxvL xxxiv. XI. xlviii. Plut. Cat. Maj. 22. 

IV. viii. VII. 1. X. xlviii. 1 sqq. lxx. 13. Xiph. Hadr. Spartian. R. 

XI. liii. R. 426. Mart. VII. lxvi. 9 sqq. R. 

420. There was a small room con- * Thirsting for whole flagons.' They 
nected with the bath, where they excited used to drink off a large quantity of wine 
perspiration by violent exercise previously at one draught, that it might operate 
to bathing. R. as an emetic. 429. Cic. for Deiot. 7. 

421. ' The dumb bells.' Sen. Ep. 57. vomunt, ut edant ; edunt ut vomant; Sen. 
LU. supra balneum habito : cum fovtiores Helv. 9. extr. LU. Cels. i. 3. Ath. xv. 1. 
exercentur et manus plumbo graves jactant, Mart. V. lxxix. 16 sqq. VII. lxvi. 10. 
gemitus audio, audio crepitum illisce manus Parrh. Ep. 36. R. Suet. Aug. 77. ER. 
humeris, qua, prout plana pervenit aut Id. Vit. 13. CAS. xiii. 216. iv. 67. Mart. 
concava, ita sonum mutat; Id. 56. sunt XII. Ixxxiii. M. 

exercitationes et faciles et breves, quce cor- Tenditur ' is filled.' GR. v. 80, note. 

pus sine mora laxent [lassent ?] ; cursus et The urna was a wine measure holding 

cum pondere aliquo manus motce et saltus, somewhat more than three gallons and a 

&c. Id. 15. PR. LI. aXv^as poXvffivxs half. GR. 

XU£o<r\*6t7s' Luc. de Gymn. o 21 poXvfi- 427. It was ' put at her feet,' because 

^alvas x,t£/<tc3iovs a,£a.yhnv tx uv l%agofidXu it was too large to be set on the table. R. 



148 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Ducitur ante cibum, rabidam facturus orexim. 
Dum redit et loto terram ferit intestino, 

430 Marmoribus rivi properant aut lata Falernum 

Pelvis olet : nam sic, tamquam alta in dolia longus 
Deciderit serpens, bibit et vomit. Ergo maritus 
Nauseat atque oculis bilem substringit opertis. 

Ilia tamen gravior, quae, quum discumbere ccepit, 

435 Laudat Virgilium, periturse ignoscit Elissoe, 
Committit vates et comparat ; inde Maronem 



' A second pint.' Mart. VI. lxxix. LU. 
Atone time, to drink wine was considered 
a heinous offence in a woman. The 
Italian women were generally abstemi- 
ous ; the women of Greece were the 
reverse. 300 sqq. Ath. x. 11. Plin. xiv. 
13. R. 

428. ' Is tossed off.' VS. xii. 9. Hor. I 
Od. xvii. 22. IV Od. xii. 14. trahitur 
and tXxtrai are the same. R. 

' A ravenous appetite:' LU. rabies 
edendi ; Virg. Al. ix. 63 sq. R. 

429. 4 After rinsing her stomach, the 
wine returns and falls in a cascade on 
the floor.' PR. non minus pervigilant, 
nan minus potant, et oleo et mero viros pro- 
vocant ; atque invitis ingesta visceribus per 
os redd tint et vinum omne vomitu reme- 
tiuntur; Sen. Helv. 9. G. Lucian. Tim. 
45. R. 

430. ' Rivers gush over the marble 
pavement of the saloon.' LU. xi. 173. 
natabant pavimenta mero, madebant pa- 
rietes; Cic. Phil. ii. 41. heresmero tinguet 
pavimentum superbum pontificum potiore 
ccrnis ; Ilor. II Od.xiv.26 sqq. R. see Hafiz 
in Sir W. Jones's Pers. Gram. p. 37. 

431. Pelvis ; iii. 277. 

432. Serpents are said to be very fond 
of wine. Plin. vii. x. 72 s 93. xxii. 23. 
Arist. H. A. viii. 8. E, prov. III. x. 98. 
LU. R. 

433. " The husband turns his head, 
Sick to the soul, from this disgusting 
scene, And struggles to suppress his rising 
spleen." G. 

434. In this passage Messalina is 
glanced at, who, after the assassination of 
Nero her fifth husband, followed up the 
study of rhetoric so as to be able to 
declaim with great fluency : VS. but see 
note on 448. 

Ai Sri ovv yvvaTxss (xa) yap av xa) ro^s 
uto rcZv yvvaixuv ff-rovSx^irat, to tival 
rivet; avrats ■zi'rcuoivfx.ivou; , (JLiadou uvore- 



Xt~s \vv'ovTcts xa) ra> (popaw vagiitofttvivs) 
iv yap rt xa) rovro ruv akkuv xolXXuxio-- 
fxaruv ethralt o~ox.ii. kiyvrai. tot <r«T«i- 

O^tUftiVCtl Tt UTi Xtt) $lXo<T6$Ol , XCCt VOIiVfflV 

acr/^ara oh ToXu rr\} "Zavtyovs a.ifo'hiovra' 
xcc) S/a 2h ravra (/.nrQurov; xa) aurat 
Tioiriyovrott pnro^a; xa) yga/zftarixous xai 
tyiXoo-'otpovs . ctxgouvrcti §' ahruv <rnvixa, 
nroi fx.ira'cv xoo'/xov/zivai xa) rug xoftaf iripi- 
vkixo/utvai , (483.) n 'tapa ro SsJVvav «X- 
Xori yeep olx ayovai <r%o\nv' voXXaxts Ss 
xcc) fzira\u rov <piXotr'o<pov r) c^ttfyovros, h 
afioa TpofiX6ouo-a upiZf. <rapa rov f&oi%ov 
ypafji.fjbot.riov oi S» <7r%p) ffa<Pgo<ru*ns txuvoi 
Xoyot to-raoi Vtptftivovrss , tcrr av ixtivt) 
avriygccipxoa. rai /u.oi%u) iTavuo'pafAy TP0S 
rnv axpoatriv' Luc. ir. r. i. fjt,i<rd. ffvv 36. 
cf. 233 sqq. and Moliere in ' les Femmes 
savanlesJ R. *"* 

• To take their places at table.' LU. 
Pers. i. 30 sq. PR. At their entertain- 
ments, and especially between the courses, 
it was the fashion, in imitation of the 
Greeks, to discuss literary topics. 448 sqq. 
xi. 177 sqq. Petr. 55. 59. R. WO, on 
Plat. Symp. iv. 1. 

435. ' Vindicates the poet for his hav- 
ing made Dido (called Elissa ; M. iv. 
335. Ov. Her. vii. 193. H.) fall by her 
own hand.' Or ' justifies the queen for 
having destroyed herself, considering all 
the circumstances of the case.' August. 
Conf. i. 13 sq. Suet. Ner. 31. Auson. 
Epig. cxviii. PR. HY, Exc. I. on Virg. 
AZ. iv. R. 

Claudian tells his royal patroness Serena, 
who was another of these blue-stocking 
dames, Pierius labor et veterum tibi car- 
mina vatum ludus erant : quos Smyrna 
dedit, quos Mantua, libros percurrens, 
damnas Helenam nec parcis Elissce ; L. 
Ser. Reg. 146—148. 

436. Committere; 378. R. i. 163. M. 
" Adjusts her scales, And accurately 

weighs, which bard prevails." G. Among 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



149 



Atque alia parte in trutina suspendit Homerum. 
Cedunt grammatici, vincuntur rhetores, omnis 
Turba tacet; nec causidicus nec praeco loquatur, 

440 Altera nec mulier : verborum tanta cadit vis, 
Tot pariter pelves, tot tintinnabula dicas 
Pulsari. Jam nemo tubas, nemo aera fatiget : 
Una laboranti poterit succurrere lunae. 
Imponit finem sapiens et rebus honestis. 

445 Nam quae docta nimis cupit et facunda videri, 
Crure tenus medio tunicas succingere debet, 
Caedere Silvano porcum, quadrante lavari. 



the ancient and modern critics, who have 
engaged in a similar task, may be men- 
tioned, Prop. II. xxxiv. 61 sqq. Macr. S. 
i. 24. v sq. Plut. de Horn, and elsewhere ; 
Quint, x. 1. Gell. iii. 11. ix. 9. xvii. 10. 
Scalig. Poet. v. 2. Ursin. and HY, in two 
preliminary Disquisitions. PR. R. 

437. Trutina is, properly, ' the hole in 
which the tongue of the balance moves.' 
cf. vii. 113 sq. Pers. i. 6 sq. iv. 10. v. 
100. (A\) Tib. IV. i. 40 sqq. (HY.) 
Hor. I S. iii. 72. II Ep. i. 39. Cic. de 
Or. ii. 38. R. 

439. Loquatur * can put in a word 
edgewise.' 

440. ' No, nor even another woman V 
this is the climax. 

' Such is her volubility,' torrens dicendi 
copia ; x. 9. 

441. Understand ut quot verba. LU. 
He alludes to the proverb Au^uvecTov 

Xa\Ki7ov, E, I. i. 7. Call. H. in Del. 
286. SP. Vug. M. iii. 466. SV. com- 
paring the lady's tongue to the clapper : 
cf. Hor. II S. iii. 274. are rigens curvo 
patulum componor in orbem, mobilis est 
intus linguae crepitantis imago ; non re- 
sonat ponitus, motus quoque scepe resultat ; 
Sympos. iEnig. Ixxix. cf. Xenarch. in 
Ath. xiii. 1. Of a like kind are the ex- 
pressions tympana eloquentice ; Quint. V. 
12. 21. rv/u,7ravov Quirav Theodor. in Br. 
An. t. ii. p. 43. civb^a. k^otuXov Eur. Cy. 
104. 7?. « that rattle of a fellow.' 

442. This custom originated from the 
notion that witches caused eclipses of the 
moon, by bringing its goddess down from 
her sphere by their incantations, in 
order that she might communicate magic 
potency to certain herbs. To prevent 
the spells of these sorceresses from being 
heard and taking effect, the superstitious 



heathens used to make a great noise by 
the beating of brass, sounding of trumpets, 
whooping and hollowing, and the like. 
COWLEY. Plin. xi. 22. ii. 12 s 9. cera 
auxiliaria Lunce ; Ov. M. iv. 334. T. 
Virg. E. viii. Sen. Med. 794. Hip. 787. 
Luc. vi. Apul. As. i. PR. Tac.An.i.28. 
LI. Sil. viii. 500. Tib. I. viii. 21 sq. 
Ov. M. vii. 207. R. Claud. Ruf. i. 
147. K. 

443. ' Suffering an eclipse.' VS. [Livy 
xxvi, 5, marg. ED.] 

444. ' The education of females ought 
not to be neglected, but still there is a 
medium in all things, and it will be wise 
not to make a woman so over-learned as 
to unfit her for the domestic duties which 
devolve on her sex/ cf. Hor. I S. i. 106 
sq. ii. Ill sqq. R. The other interpreta- 
tion, however good in itself, seems to 
require sed instead of nam in the next 
line : it is this 1 She becomes a philoso- 
pher ; VS. and, hence, even lays down 
her theories on the chief good as the 
grand end (<ra r'iXot ) of all moral action :' 
BRI. LU. G. or ' gives the definitions 
and distinctions of right and wrong.' 
M. 

445. * Too great a scholar Tib. IV. 
vi. 2. HY. 

446. 4 To wear the short tunic of the 
men.' VS. The following directions are 
given for the dress of an orator : tunicce 
prioribus oris infra genua paulum, pos- 
terioribus ad medios poplites usque per- 
veniant : nam infra mulier um est, supra 
centurionum. togce pars anterior medi is 
cruribus optime terminatur, &;c. Quint, 
xi. ult. PR. Gell. vii. 12. Plaut. Pcen. 
V. v. 24. R. 

447. Men, only, sacrificed to Silva- 
nus ; VS. Cato R. R. women to Ceres, 



150 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Non habeat matrona, tibi quae juncta recumbit, 
Dicendi genus aut curtum sermone rotato 

450 Torqueat enthymema nec historias sciat omnes: 
Sed quaedam ex libris et non intelligat. Odi 
Hanc ego, quae repetit volvitque Palaemonis artem, 
Servata semper lege et ratione loquendi, 
Ignotosque mihi tenet antiquaria versus 

455 Nec curanda viris opicae castigat amicae 
Verba. Solcecismum liceat fecisse marito. 



BRI. and Juno. FE. cf. Hor. II Ep. i. 
143. R. 

According to the ms. glossaries, ladies 
did not usually frequent the public 
baths; if they went there, they were 
admitted gratis, as they were then ex- 
pected not to be niggardly of their 
favours. FE. cf. ii. 162. Vitruv. v. 10. 
R. Hor. I. iii. 37. BRI. nisi forte mulier 
potens quadrantaria ilia permutalionefaini- 
liarisj'acta erat balneatori ; Cic. for Ccel. 
PR. 

448. Non sit doctissima conjux ; Mart. 
II. XC. 9. LU. aetprin ll (jlicu- fjLYi ya.% tv y 
tfjto7{ It'opaii t"*i (Qoovovea. <rXuov n yvvuTxot 

*o yag vravov^yov uolXXod ivrixra 
Kvirgii iv va.7s tro<pa.7<rw Eur. Hip. 635 
sqq. GR. The following stanza is much 
superior in just and liberal thinking, 
"Give me, next good, an understanding 
wife, By nature wise, not learned by 
much art ; Some knowledge on her side, 
with all my life More scope of conversa- 
tion impart ; Besides, her inborn virtues 
fortify ; They are most firmly good, who 
best know why ;" Sir Thomas Overbury, 
The Wife. G. Here again our author 
has an eye to some literary lady of that 
age : R. (see note on 434.) very probably 
Sulpicia the female satirist, with whom 
the particulars closely agree. HN. 

4 Let her not use,' or • let her not 
have at her fingers ends i. e. ' let her 
not be a rhetorician.' 

* Joined in wedlock.' 

449. « A set style of diction.' PR. Or 
' each kind of oratory,' viz. the demon- 
strative, deliberative, and judicial ; or 
the Asiatic, Bhodian, Attic, and Laconic. 
R. 

' And let her not be a logician.' PR. 
Curtum beqause 'curtailed of one pre- 
mise. ' +*r--< 

' Io win- rounded period :' or sermo 



rotatus may be that which Cicero calls 
vers urn dicendi genus; Part. 5. MU. 

450. • Let her hurl :' the metaphor is 
taken from a dart. FA. cf. vii. 193. 
eadem ilia sententia, velut lacerto excussa, 
torquetur; Sen. Ep. Demosthenis vibrant 
fulmina ; Cic. Or. 70. jaculari dicta et 
Aentenlias; Petr. 109. and Quint. XI. iii. 
120. Lucian Pise. 6. R. MU. Pindar 
has a similar metaphor : vraXXu poi iv' 
uyxuvcf uxia (Z'iXv 'ivtiov ivri tyxg'trgas 
Quvcivra. ffvviro7air 01. ii. 149 sqq. cf. 
Psalm lxiv. 3. 

'EvSvpnfta' Arist. Rh. I. ii. 4. Cic. 
Top. 13 sq. Quint. V. x. 1. xiv. 24. 
VIII. v. 9. PR. R. 

451. Neque tdlum verbnm faciat per- 
plexabile, neque ulla lingua sciat loqui nisi 
Attica; Plaut. Asin. IV. i. 47. SCH. 

452. M. or Q. Remmius Palcemon, an 
eminent grammarian in the reigns of 
Tiberius and Claudius, and Quintilian's 
preceptor ; he Was so conceited as to 
say that literature was born with him and 
would die with him. He also said that 
Virgil had predicted, in the third eclogue, 
that he should be the critic of all poets : 
Varro he used to call a learned pig. LU. 
He was, in fact, an arrogant, luxurious, 
and profligate pedant, rendered infamous 
by vice of every kind, and one, to whom 
no youth could with safety be trusted. G. 
Suet de 111. Gr. 23. PR. viii. 215 sqq. 
R. 

454. ' An antiquary.' Suet. Aug. 86. 

R. 

455. ' Which men would never trouble 
their heads about.' FA. 

OpiccB : see iii. 207. FA. 

456. ' Let a husband, at any rate, 
commit a solecism without the certainty 
of being taking to task for it.' Solce, a 
maritime town of Cilicia, to which Pom- 
pey transported a colony of pirates : 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



151 



Nil non permittit mulier sibi, turpe putat nil, 
Quum virides gemraas collo circumdedit et quum 
Auribus extends magnos commisit elenchos. 

460 Intolerabilius nihil est, quam femina dives. 
Interea foeda aspectu ridendaque multo 
Pane tumet facies aut pinguia Poppaeana 
Spirat et hinc miseri viscantur labra mariti : 
Ad mcechum veniet lota cute. Quando videri 

465 Vult formosa domi ? mcechis foliata parantur. 
His emitur, quidquid graciles hue mittitis Indi. 



these people corrupted the purity of the 
Greek dialect. Soloecismus est cum plu- 
ribus verbis consequent verbum superiors 
non accommodatur ; Cic. to Her. iv. 12. 
Gell. v. 20. PR. Mart. XI. xx. LU. 
cf. Plin. xxix. 1 s 7. R. but cf. Her. iv. 
117. 

458. * Green gems 1 i. e. ' emeralds or 
beryls.' v. 38. Tib. I. i. 51. Phsed. III. 
xviii. 7. R. 

459. ' The ears being stretched down- 
wards by the weight of the pearls.' FA. 
gemmiferas detrahit aures lapis Eoa lectus 
in unda; Sen. H. CE. 661. R. 

These « large pearl ear-rings' (cf. ii. 
61.) were pear-shaped. Plin. ix. 35 s 56. 
PR. Isid. Or. xvi. 10. R. They con- 
sisted probably of a large drop formed of 
several pearls ; for such pendants were 
worn and admired in Juvenal's time. 
video uniones non singulos singulis auri- 
bus comparatos ; (Jam enim exercitatce 
aures oneriferendo sunt ;) junguntur inter 
se, et insuper alii bini suppanguntur. non 
satis muliebris insania viros subjecerat, 
nisi bina ac terna patrimonii singulis 
auribus pependUsent ! Sen. Ben. G. mar- 
garita tribaeca ; Petr. 55. BO. 

460. See 30. 136 sqq. R. 224. FA. 

461. Cf. Lucian Am. 38 sq. R. « While 
she stays at home her skin is covered 
with poultices and plasters, that it may 
be kept fair and soft for going out.' SA. 
I remember to have heard, many }-ears 
ago, of one Mrs. G., a widow lady, who 
(while in weeds) used to sleep with her 
arras in bread and milk poultices. She 
married for her second husband Sir 
Charles D., in whose family she had 
originally lived as cook. cf. Her. iv. 75. 

' The pomatum brought into fashion 
by Poppaea,' the mistress, and afterwards 
the wife, of Nero ; the emperor avenged 



the cause of two husbands, whom she 
had abandoned, by a violent kick which 
occasioned her death. VS. G. Suet. 35. 
Tac. An. xiii. 45 sq. xiv. 1. 60. xv. 23. 
xvi. 6. R. 

462. See ii. 107. LU. In the follow- 
ing passage, Juvenal had Lucilius in 
view ; quum tecum est, quidvis satis est : 
visuri alieni sint homines, spiram, pallas, 
redimicula promit ; xv. LI. But the 
more immediate subject of his imitation 
seems to have been a passage of Tibullus : 
tune putas illam pro te disponere crines 
aut tenues denso pectere dente comas? ista 
hcec persuadet facies auroque lacertos vin~ 
ciat et Tyrio prodeat apta sinu ? non tibi 
sed juveni cuidam vult bella videri, de- 
voveat pro quo remque domumque tuam ; 
I. ix. 67. G. 

463. ' The husband's lips are glued 
with this viscous paste, if he attempts to 
kiss her.' FA. 

464. ' She will not go to see her gal- 
lant, till she has washed her skin from 
all these detestable cosmetics.' SA. LU. 
ii. 105. R. 

465. ' Fragrant ointments, prepared 
from the leaves of spikenard and other 
costly ingredients.' VS. Nardinum sive 
f oli atum constat omphacio, balanino 
junco, nardo, amomo, myrrha, balsamo ; 

Plin. xiii. 1. extr. LU. and 2. PR. and 
3 extr. XII. 26 s 59. Mart. XI. xxviii. 
9. XIV. ex. 2. cxlvi. I. Claud. Eut. i. 
226. (GE. B.) Hor. II Od. vii 8. R. 
St Mark xiv. 3. St John xii. 3. M. 

466. Quidquid, i.e. ' not only perfumes 
but jewels.' R. See Esther ii. 12. ill. 

' Slender,' from being ' unencumbered 
with fat.' LU. Herodotus iii. PR. cf. 
v. 53. R. Owing to this circumstance, 
Lascars are considered excellent subjects 
for anatomical demonstrations. 



152 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Tandem aperit vultum et tectoria prima reponit : 
Incipit agnosci, atque illo lacte fovetur, 
Propter quod secum comites educit asellas, 

470 Exsul Hyperboreum si dimittatur ad axem. 
Sed quae mutatis inducitur atque fovetur 
Tot medicaminibus coctseque siliginis offas 
Accipit et madidae, facies dicetur an ulcus ? 
Est pretium curae, penitus cognoscere, toto 

475 Quid faciant agitentque die. Si nocte maritus 
A versus jacuit ; periit libraria, ponunt 
Cosmetae tunicas, tarde venisse Liburnus 
Dicitur et poenas alieni pendere somni 
Cogitur : hie frangit ferulas, rubet ille flagellis, 

480 Hie scutica : sunt, quae tortoribus annua praestent. 
Verberat atque obiter faciem linit ; audit arnicas 



467. " For him, at length, she ventures 
to uncase, Scales the first layer of rough- 
cast from her face." G. SA, on Spaitian. 
formosatn faciem nigra velamine celas: 
detege vel faciem, §c. Mart. III. iii. 1. 4. 
R. 

Reponit ' removes.' LU. 

468. Agnosci * to look like herself.' M. 

469. Poppsa, 462. Plin. xi. 14. SA. 
See note on ii. 107. PR. 'H R 

«?t» ovreos uirigtrguipiiirtv, Serrt to.s t* 
hpiovovs rut ayeutrcct avrhv trrl^vcru, 
eTetgnct v<roht7ff6ui , x,a) ovous "rtvrctxoirlus 
agriroxou; teceff *i/u.'i^av uui\yitf6cci, Vv* tv 
<rq yaXaxTi cclruv Xovnrai' Xiph. 1 X ii. 
28. G. 

470. The exile is merely hypo- 
thetical. 

' The Hyperborean clime : ' Plin. iv. 
12. Virg. G. iii. 196. (HY.) so called 
as being beyond the north wind. SA. 
To a person standing at the north pole, 
every wind would be southerly, as his 
face, his back, and both his hands would 
be turned due south. It was a delight- 
ful spot according to Pindar, vrwus 
oTifav Bogiu, ^uxfiou 01. iii. 56 sq. 

471. Mutatis ' various.' SA. The fa- 
thers of the Church were very severe in 
their invectives againt these meretricious 
cosmetics. HN. 

472. Siligine ; v. 70. PR. 

Offas ' poultices ;' Plin. xv. 7. GR. 

473. '* But tell me yet ; this thing, 
thus daub'd and oil'd, Thus poulticed, 
plaister'd, baked by turns and boil'd, 



Thus with pomatums, ointments, lacker'd 
o'er, Is it a face, Ursidius, or a sore?" 
G. 

474. Pretium curee is the same as 
operce pretium ' worth while.' VS. 

475. ' If her husband turns his back 
towards her, and goes to sleep.' M. 
KocSivhn a.'roffr^ettptis' Luc. D. Merc. R. 

A similar description is given of Circe : 
Petr. 132. R. 

476. Periit ' is half-killed.' BRO. 
Libraria • the housekeeper,' M. ' the 

woman who weighed out the wool, or 
flax, for the maids to spin.' VS. 

477. ' The lady's maids strip to be 
flogged.' BRO. cf. 490 sqq. PR. Pers. 
iii. 1. 35. Ov. Am. I. vi. 19. R. 

' The Liburnian ;' iii. 240. PR. 

478. ' He is punished, because the 
h us ban d slept.' LU. 

The phrase pendere pxnas is derived 
from the custom of paying a certain 
w e i g h t of money as a mulct. Festus. 

479. Frangit i. e. ' has them broken 
about his back.' viii. 247. R. 

Ferulas; i. 15. PR. These were the 
mildest instruments of punishment, and 
the fiagella the moat severe ; Hor. I S. 
iii. 119 sq. M. 

480. • Some pay so much a year to 
the beadle for flogging their servants 
when required.' Festus. 

481. Verberat — c£edit-—et ccedit ; iii. 
37. 116. 186. R. 

Obiter; iii. 241. PR. 
' Enamels her face.' G. 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



153 



Aut latum pictae vestis considerat aurum, 
Et caedit ; longi relegit transversa diurni, 
Et caedit; donee lassis caedentibus exi 

485 Intonet horrendum, jam cognitione peracta. 
Praefectura domus Sicula non mitior aula. 
Nam si constituit solitoque decentius optat 
Ornari et properat jamque exspectatur in hortis 
Aut apud Isiacae potius sacraria lenae ; 

490 Disponit crinem laceratis ipsa capillis 

Nuda humero Psecas infelix nudisque mamillis. 



' Chats with her friends.' Festus. 

482. Plin. viii. 48. PR. cf. x. 27. 
Ov. Her. ix. 127. (ff.) R. 

483. ' Reads over the items in a long 
memorandum book,' in which were en- 
tered her daily accounts. GR. Gell. v. 18. 
Lucian quoted at 434 sqq. C. Nep. xxv. 
13. R. 

485. ' Thunders out.' imitari verborum 
fu train a; Cic. LU. 

Horrendum is put adverbially: 517. 
Virg. M. xii. 700. R. 

Jam cognitione peracta : either ' having 
finished looking over her memoranda,' 
BRI. or ' having gone through the trial 
and punishment of her slaves.' LU. 

486. ' The government of the family 
is more tyrannical than any of the courts 
of Sicily:' SG. alluding to Phalaris 
tyrant of Agrigentum, and Dionysius 
and Agathocles tyrants of Syracuse. 
Pers. iii. 39. Cic. T. Q. v. 57. Just, 
xx sqq. VS. PR. Hor. 1 Ep. ii. 58 sq. 
M. 

487. ' She has made an assignation.' 
LU. iii. 12. M. 

488. ' And is in a hurry, as her 
gallant must be now waiting for her.' 
M. 

' In the gardens of Lucullus.' which 
were a favourite promenade and rendez- 
vous. M. 

489. 4 The sacred precincts of the 
temples of Isis' were prostituted to the 
same purpose : therefore the priestess is 
here called ' the procuress.' VS. Plut. 
Is. et Os. Joseph. A. J. xviii. 4. 10. 
A. PR. The women resorted to these 
temples under the pretext of observing 
religious vigils. BO. ix. 22 sqq. Ov. A. A. 
i. 77 sqq. iii. 635 sqq. Mart. XI. xlviii. 4. 
Isis herself might be called Isiaca Una 



by periphrasis : multas ilia fucit, quod 
fuit ipsa Jovi ; Ov. 78. R. M. 

490. Cf. Ov. M. iii. 155 sqq. Juvenal 
gives to the waiting-maid the name of 
one of chaste Dian's nymphs, ib. 72. 
who attended on the person of the god- 
dess, and assisted at her toilet in the 
grotto of the vale Gargaphie. This is 
very humorous, if we consider the cha- 
racter of the lady here spoken of ; she is 
attended at the toilet by her filles de 
chambre, who have each, like those 
nymphs, a several office in adorning her 
person; while all these pains, to make 
herself look more handsome than usual, 
were because she was going to meet a 
gallant. The sad condition of poor Psecas 
bespeaks the violence which she suffered, 
from her cruel mistress, on every the 
least offence. However, this circum- 
stance of her torn and dishevelled locks 
seems a farther parody of the account 
which Ovid gives of one of the attend- 
ants, who dressed the goddess's hair : 
doctior illis Ismenis Crocale, sparsos per 
colla capillos colligit in nodum, quamvis 
erat ipsa solutis ; ib. 168—170. VS. FA. 
M. See also Lucian. Am. 39 sq. Sen. 
Br. Vit. 12. Claud. N. Hon. et Mar. 
99 sqq. Call. H. in Pall. 22. (SP.) R. 
The dishabille of this girl might also be 
owing to her being obliged to run and 
dress her impatient mistress, without 
having time to arrange her own hair or 
dress. DX. ACH. A rhyme occurs in 
this and the following line ; it is not a 
solitary instance, see Ovid quoted in the 
note on iii. 19. 

491. Psecas from \l/tnaguv ' to bedew' 
VS. with fragrant essences: BO. as Ple- 
cusa in Martial (see next note) from 
itXikuv. R. 



154 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



" Altior hie quare cincinnus ?" Taurea punit 

Continuo flexi crimen facinusque capilli. 

Quid Psecas admisit ? Quaenam est hie culpa puellae, 

495 Si tibi displicuit nasus tuus ? Altera loevum 
Extendit pectitque comas et volvit in orbem. 
Est in consilio matrona admotaque lanis 
Emerita quae cessat acu : sententia prima 
Hujus erit; post hanc aetate atque arte minores 

500 Censebunt, tamquam famae discrimen agatur 
Aut animae : tanta est quaerendi cura decoris. 
Tot premit ordinibus, tot adhuc compagibus altum 
iEdificat caput. Andromachen a fronte videbis : 
Post minor est : credas aliam. Cedo, si breve parvi 

505 Sortita e3t lateris spatium breviorque videtur 



492. Unus de toto peccaverat orbe 
com arum annul us, incerla mm bene 
fixus acu, hoc f uc in u s, Lalage speculo, 
quo viderat, xilta est, et cecidit sectis 
icta ] , lecusa comis. desine jam, Lalage, 
tristes ornare capillos, tangat et in- 
sarvim nulla puella caput; Mart. II. 
lxvi. 1—6. PR. 

Taurea ' the thong of bull's hide.' 
PR. 

495. Lavum ' on the left ;' Virg. M. 
ii. 693. ix. 631. R. V. Flac. i. 156. 
HK. 

497. ' An elderly dame is sitting in 
council,' dum de singulis capillis in con- 
silium itur; Sen. Br. Vit. 12. cf. iv. 72 
sqq. GR. 

Admota lanis, i, e. Ubraria ; 476. R. 

498. Emerita is a metaphor from a 
soldier who has earned his discharge, by 
having served the time for which he en- 
listed. BRI. 

1 From the crispin-pin FA. or ' from 
the needle,' owing to the failure of her 
eyesight. LU. 

Sententia — censebunt is a metaphor 
taken from the proceedings of the Senate. 
SCH. 

502. " So high they build her head, 
such tiers on tiers With weary hands 
they pile." G. In women this toque was 
called xogvpfiof , in men xgeZfivkos, in boys 
ffKo^riov Schol. on Thuc. BO. xiii. 165. 
celiCB procul aspice frontis honores sug- 
gestumque coma. ; Stat. I S. i. 1 13 sq. tur- 
ritaque premens frontem matrona corona ; 
Luc. ii. 358. alienis capillis turritum 



verticem struere ; Hieron. to Demetr. 
exxx. 7. turritum tortis caput accumulare 
in altum crinibus ; Prud. Psych. 183. 
Manil. v. 147. R. Tertull. de Cult. Fem. 
and M. Capell. de Nupt. iv. HN. Ju- 
venal's meaning is well illustrated by the 
coins of Trajan and Hadrian, and hence 
this satire would seem to have been 
written during one of those reigns. ACH. 
Such, for instance, is the head-dress of 
Trajan's wife Plotina, of his sister Mar- 
ciana, of his niece Matidia, of Hadrian's 
wife Sabina, and of his daughter Matidia. 
This preposterous fashion did not con- 
tinue at court above forty years, being 
exploded by Annia Galeria Faustina, the 
wife of Antoninus Pius. VA. J. SA. 

503. Andromache; Eurip. And. R. 
omnibus Andromache visa est spatiosior 
cequo : unus, qui modicam diceret, Hector 
erat : Ov. A. A. ii. 645 sq. M. In an- 
other place Ovid calls her longissima ; 
A. A. iii. 777. LU. 

' Andromache before ; a dwarf be- 
hind.'* G. si solum spectes hominis caput, 
Hector a credas ; si stantem videas, Asty- 
anacta putes: Mart. XIV. exxii. R. 

504—508. ' What, if Nature has 
given her but a short allowance of waist, 
and if, without her high-heeled shoes, 
she is no taller than a Lilliputian miss, 
so that she must spring lightly on tiptoe 
in order to catch her sweetheart's kiss V 
cf. xiii. 210. But the sense is obscure. 
R. 

505. Spatium ; cf. spatiosior in the 
note on 503. 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



155 



Virgine Pygmoea, nullis adjuta cothurnis, 
Et levis erecta consurgit ad oscula planta ? 

Nulla viri cura interea, nec mentio fiet 
Damnorum : vivit tamquam vicina marito. 

510 Hoc solo propior, quod amicos conjugis odit 
Et servos, gravis est rationibus. Ecce furentis 
Bellonse matrisque Deum chorus intrat et ingens 
Semivir, obscoeno facies reverenda minori, 
Mollia qui rupta secuit genitalia testa 

515 Jam pridem, cui rauca Conors, cui tympana cedunt 
Plebeia et Phrygia vestitur bucca tiara. 



506. 1 Pygmy,' 9rvyf*ct7os, ' half-a-yard 
high.' SC. xiii. 167 sqq. Plin. vii. 2. 
Gell. ix. 4. Ath. ix. 11. PR. 

' B u s k i n s' were boots with high 
cork- heels which tragedians wore ; SC. 
(as comedians wore the sock:) hence 
cothurnus is sometimes put for ' tragedy' 
or ' a tragic style.' 634. vii. 72. xv. 29. R. 

509. See 141. R. uvrq ytiraV Lon- 
gus iii. p. 77, 20. p. 92, 67. BOI. 

510. ' The only difference is this, that 
she hates her husband's friends and ser- 
vants, and plagues him with her bills ; 
which his neighbour does not.' VS. LU. 

511. The transition is very abrupt: 
and we now come to the most curious 
part of the Satire, and one which the 
author has laboured with uncommon 
care ; nor is there any portion of his 
works in which his genius is more con- 
spicuous. G. 

512. The frantic votaries of Cybele 
have been already spoken of; ii. 111. 
LU. iv. 123 sqq. Lactam, i. 21. Those 
of Bellona, sister of Mars and goddess of 
war, were not more sane. They ran up 
and down, lancing their arms with sharp 
knives, (like the priests of Baal, 1 Kgs. 
xviii. 28.) on the 23d or 24th of March, 
which was her festival, and, in allu- 
sion to those sanguinary rites, was called 
The day of blood. PR. MG. cf. Tib. 
I. vi. 43 sqq. HY. nec turba cessat en- 
theata Bellonce; Mart. XII. lvii. 1 1. 

' Enters the house:' the sudden tran- 
sition seems as though the poet had 
caught the contagion of their enthusiasm, 
and started off from his former subject 
unintentionally. R. See note on Her. i. 
55. and 174. 

513. ' The lusty eunuch' who officiated 
as their high priest. PR. 374. ibunt 



semi mares et tympuna tundent; Ov. F. 
iv. 183. R. grandes Galli ; Pers. v. 
186. G. 

' A personage to be reverenced by his 
obscene inferior.' feminecz voces et mota 
insania vino obsco enique greges et 
inania tympana ; Ov. M. iii. 536 sq. viri 
molles, obscceni, et semiviri ; Liv. xxxiii. 
28. R. cf. ii. 9. 

514. • Who has emasculated himself 
with a broken shell.' cf. ii. 116. xvi. 6. 
testa; Plin. xxxv. 12 s 46. xi. 49. ferro; 
Lactant. v. 9. saxo acuto ; Ov. F. iv. 237 
sqq. acuto silice ; Cat. lxiii. 5. R. 

515. ' Hoarse' either from continual 
singing and shouting, see note on i. 2. 
viii. 59. or from having a cracked voice. 
Macr. vii. 10. FA. R. 

1 Drums' for ' drummers,' LU. by 
metonymy. PR. 

516. * His cheek is covered with the 
lappets of a Phrygian turban.' VS. GR. 
Tiara, verbum Grcecum est, usu versum 
in Latinum ; de quo et VirgiUust' sacer- 
que tiaras" (iE. vii. 247 .) genus pileoli, 
quo Persarum et Chaldceorum gens utitur j 
Hieron. on Dan. iii. quartum vestimenti 
genus est rotundum pileolum, quale pictum 
in Ulyssceo conspicimus, quasi sphcerce 
media sit divisa, et pars una ponatur 
in capite. hoc Grceci rtocguv, nonnulli 
galerum vocant. non habet acumen in 
sumrno, nec totum usque ad comam caput 
tegit, sed tertiam partem & fronte inopertam 
relinquit, atque ita in occipitio vitta con- 
strictum est, ut non facile labaturex capite. 
est autem byssinum et sic fabre opertum 
linteolo, ut nulla acus vestigia extrinsecus 
appareant; Id. de Vest. Sac. PR. viii. 
259. x. 265. Paris, cum semiviro comi- 
tatu, Mceonia mentum mitra crinemque 
madentem subnixus; Virg. .,3£.iv.215sqq. 



156 THE SATIRES sat. vi. 

Grande sonat metuique jubet Septembris et Austri 
Adventum, nisi se centum lustraverit ovis 
Et xerampelinas veteres donaverit ipsi, 
520 Ut, quidquid subiti et magni discriminis instat, 
In tunicas eat et totum semel expiet annum. 
Hibernum fracta glacie descendet in amnem, 
Ter matutino Tiberi mergetur et ipsis 
Vorticibus timidum caput abluet : inde Superbi 



juvat indulgere chords, et habent redi- 
micula mitres, Id. ix. 615 sq. (HY.~) 
V. Flac. vi. 700. (BU.) Claud. Ruf. i. 
198. (GE.) R. See note on xv^aciar 
Her. v. 49. 

517. Grande sonat; cf. 485. o Ti puyos 
Tabu, xaiofttvwv t%av ovx »r ngifiuiu tjj 
<pcovyi, ir a. (jl (Aiy 16 i s Ti, us olos n yjv, 
uvuxgaycov, Aai/aovus Ti o(jlov vuvtus 
iTtfiociro xa) UotvcLg xa) 'Eoivvuas' Luc. 
HutuofA. 9. The Archigallus, consulted by 
the superstitious woman, now delivers an 
oracle, big with menaced evils from the 
gods to guilty sinners, and urges her to 
propitiate the wrath of heaven by offer- 
ings and penances and expiatory rites. 
In like manner the priestess of Bellona 
utters her predictions in Tib. T. vi. 51 sqq. 
see also the oracles delivered in Arist. Eq. 
1010 sqq. Quum sistrum aliquis con- 
cut iens ex imperio mentitur, quum aliquis 
secandi lacertos suos artifex brachia atque 
humeros suspensa manu cruentat, quum 
aliqua genibus per viam repens ululat 
(525) laurumque linteutus senex et medio 
lucernam die prceferens conclamat, 
iratum aliquem deorum ; concurritis et 
auditis et divinum esse eum, invicem mu- 
tnum alentes stupor em, uffirmatis ; Sen. 
de V. B. 27. R. 

' He predicts that danger is to be 
apprehended from the sultry and damp 
blasts of autumn.' BRO. iv. 56 sqq. M. 
It needed no very sapient conjuror to 
anticipate such perils ; but he exaggerated 
them, no doubt, with all his art. R. 

518. ' Eggs' were commonly used in 
expiations, especially in those connected 
with the worship of Isis. BRO. cf. v. 85. 
Ov. A. A. ii. 330. Hor. Ep. v. 19 sqq. 
Pers. v. 185. R- to, \k tuv xu.6u.g- 
eicov iou. were on no account to be eaten, 
but to be thrown away out of doors. GR. 
The priests undertook to see that this was 
done, and were indebted for many a good 
omelet to this superstitious notion. ACH. 



519. Xerampelinas « dresses' bo called 
from being ' of the colour of a faded leaf.' 
VS. |^af • sere' and UfAirtXos ' a vine- 
leaf.' PR. iv Tuis iogrcui xa) <ro7g iirt- 
vix'ias, xa) vu^ovtuv vrgiafiiuv, ivihvovTO 
^iTuvag xa) %Xu/u.vo'as vroix'iXas , a.To %gu- 
ffou xai To^ugois, xa) aXXus irus noXv-Ti- 
Xiis, iv Tt Tali xoivuTg ffvvchots \ngafjt.- 
TiXUus to %/JUftu. a; ixaXovv aTgufiuTtxas 
kto tou xgu/xuTOS' to yag /u'iXav, UTgOV 
xuXoviriv' v oTt (jLiTu. Tgufia'ias tuvtuis 
iluOutri %grjtrHut' Tgufiulut Ti XiyovTUi at 
-7ToXuTiXi7$ xXaf*vo~is' Suid. R. 

Veteres ' cast-off,' modestly insinuating 
that they were of no further use to the 
lady. 

' She gave him,' in order to be sus- 
pended in the temple ; PR. or for him 
and the other priests to wear. M. The 
Galli in ancient sculptures are always 
represented in the female dress : and they 
used to wear sad-coloured raiment, and 
Pliny interprets the colour xerampelinus 
to be pullus. VO. 

520 and 521. Cf. Herod, ii. 39. 

522. This kind of penance was one in 
which much faith was put : Pers. ii. 15 
sq. LU. Hor. II S. iii. 290 sqq. PR. 

523. 'O {AUyOS (ttTtt, TV)V i<ruo*riv T (>) $ 
civ y ov TgOS TO Tgoffwwov CtTOTTUffaS , Tig) 
ftiiras vvxTas in) tov TiygyTu TOTUfAot 
ayayuv ixuD'/igi Ti /u.t xa) aTif^a^i' Luc. 

Ns*. 7. ' Thrice:' the number three 
and three times three were thought 
much of in all magical and super- 
stitious rites: Pers. Ov. M. vii. 261. 
Virg. E. viii. 73 sqq. JE. vi. 229. R. 
The manner in which toasts are received 
at our public dinners is one vestige of this 
very prevalent notion. See also Shaksp. 
Macbeth. 

Mane; Hor. and Pers. Prop. III. x. 
13. R. 

524. Vortex is the ancient form of 
vertex, i. e. contorta in se aqua, vel quid- 
quid aliud similiter vertitur; Q uint. 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



157 



525 Totum regis agrum nuda 
Erepet genibus. Si cand 

VIII. ii. 7. R. In this and many other 
words the fuller and more ancient sound 
was softened down : and Ovid was the 
author who took the lead in this refine- 
ment of the language. WEI. 

* Timid,' either from nature, M. or 
iimore deorum ; Hor. II S. iii. 295. PR. 

' Ablutions' were performed to pacify 
the celestials : « respersions' to deprecate 
the wrath of the infernal deities. MAR. 
PR. 

When the kings were expelled, the 
land, between the city and the Tiber, 
belonging to Tarquin « the Proud,' was 
consecrated by Brutus to Mars, and 
thenceforth called Campus Martins. VS. 
Liv.ii. 5. PR. 

525. This superstitious rite is men- 
tioned, Tib. I. ii. 85. R. Sen. quoted at 
517 ; PR. John Mabilius, in his Travels 
in Italy, mentions having often seen wo- 
men crawling on their knees not only to 
' the Holy Stairs,' to which they seldom 
go up in any other way, but even, from 
the neighbouring houses, to St Mary the 
Greater, and to the Basilica which is 
called ' the Altar of Heaven ;' p. 50. VL. 
See also Ov. F. vi. 397—412. CAS. 

526. Candida ; Ov. 743. R. 

' If the priest asserts that Isis so com- 
manded in his visions of the past night.' 
cf. 530 sq. R. 

Io, the daughter of Inachus, was be- 
loved by Jupiter; who endeavoured to 
conceal her, under the form of a ' white' 
heifer, from Juno's jealousy. That god- 
dess, however, contrived to obtain pos- 
session of her rival, and committed her to 
the custody of Argus, with whose hun- 
dred eyes, after he was slain by Mercury, 
the queen of heaven adorned her pea- 
cock's tail. The Argive princess, after 
many wanderings, reached Egypt; she 
was there restored to her human form, and 
was subsequently deified under the name 
of Isis. VS. Ov. M. i. 588—750. LU. 
Plut. on Is. and Osir. Diod. i. 2. PR. 

The absurd and contemptible ceremonies 
' of the priests of Isis are described with 
admirable spirit and humour. It is not 
easy to say by what criterion the Romans 
judged of the admissibility of foreign 
divinities into their temples. Cybele, 
with all her train of wild and furious 
enthusiasts, found an easy admittance ; 
while Isis and Osiris, deities not more 



ac tremebunda cruentis 
ida jusserit Io, 

detestable, were long opposed, and still 
longer regarded with distrust and aversion. 
Of a truth, however, this was confined 
to the men ; the women seem to have 
found something peculiarly fascinating in 
the worship of Isis, and to have been, 
from the first, her warmest devotees. 
Either because the envy of the priests of 
Cybele, and other exotic divinities, was 
excited by this marked predilection, or 
because the attendance on the rites of 
Isis was made (as it certainly was in 
aftertimes) a cloak for intrigue; in the 
consulship of Piso and G abinius, a furious 
persecution was raised against her ; and 
she was banished, with all her ridiculous 
mummery, from the territories of the 
republic. Some years afterwards, how- 
ever, her worship was re-established, 
when Tiberius, on account of an impious 
farce which was played in one of her 
temples (Joseph. A. J. xviii.), rased it to 
the ground, hanged or crucified the 
priests, and flung the statue of the god- 
dess into the Tiber. Again the temple 
was rebuilt, again destroyed by a decree 
of the senate, and again, and again, re- 
constructed, till the vigilance of the 
government was finally remitted, or its 
obstinacy overcome. It was then, that 
these fanes rose on all sides, and became 
(what too many of the Roman temples 
were) the favourite spots for forming 
assignations. Whenever Juvenal has 
occasion to mention these Egyptian divi- 
nities, he does it with a contemptuous 
sneer ; but in this he is not singular, 
since almost every ancient writer on the 
subject does the same. Lucan conveys 
a bitter reproach to his countrymen for 
their partiality to them, in a pathetic and 
beautiful apostrophe to Egypt, on the 
murder of Pompey : nos in templa tuam 
Romana accepimus Isin, semideosque caries 
et sistra jubentia luctus et quern tu plan- 
gens hominem testaris Osirim : tu nostras, 
JEgypte, tenes in pulvere manes: tu 
quoque &;c. viii. 831 sqq. But it would 
be endless to quote all the indignant 
ridicule that has been poured on these 
brutal superstitions. With all this, how- 
ever, they continued in full vigour from 
our author's time to that of Commodus, 
who, as Lampridius says, enrolled himself 
among the priests of Isis, and conde- 
scended to carry her son (the dog-headed 



158 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Ibit ad iEgypti finem calidaque petitas 
A Meroe portabit aquas, ut spargat in oedem 
Isidis, antiquo quae proxima surgit ovili. 
530 Credit enim ipsius dominae se voce moneri. 

En animam et mentem, cum qua Di nocte loquantur ! 
Ergo hie praecipuum summumque meretur honorem, 
Qui grege linigero circumdatus et grege calvo 
Plangentis populi currit derisor Anubis. 



Anubis) upon his shoulders. Constantine 
abolished them, with the other heathen 
rites : they were again revived, and for 
the last time, by that frivolous pedant 
Julian (so liberally dubbed a philosopher 
by our Christian historians) who laboured 
to enforce the observance of them in 
some of his epistles. But however se- 
vere the satirists may have been on these 
follies, they fall infinitely short of the 
prophets. See Isaiah xliv. 14 sqq. xlvi. 
6 sq. These passages prove the great 
antiquity of such idolatrous and mendi- 
cant processions. In conclusion it may 
be observed, that they are sneered at by 
Menander with an arch and elegant sim- 
plicity, only to be found in the writers of 
his school : ovhut (jH ag'urxii TtgfrxrZv 
i£« 6ioi fAiTK y^aof olV tit olx'ict; vagti<ria>v 
\<rri rod ffctnihtow <rov B/xa/ax o~ii hoy o'i'koi 
ftiviiv ffu^ovra. rov; figvftivou;' Aurig. G. 
cf. Cic. Div. i. 58. Suet. Dom. 1. R. 

527. ' She will go on a pilgrimage 
afoot to the further end of Egypt, to 
fetch the waters of the Nile : as though 
the priests used none but the genuine 
waters of the Nile to sprinkle in that 
fane.' GR. Virg. JE. iv. 512. cf. Her. 
i. 188. R. 

Calida ' scorched beneath a vertical 
sun.' BRO. xv. 28. Thus Nilus tepens ; 
x. 149. Prop. II. xxxiii. 3. tepidus ; Luc. 
iii. 199. Claud. B. G. 476.7?. 

528. Meroe, in Ethiopia, is the largest 
island formed by the Nile, with a city of 
the same name, which was the capital 
of a kingdom. Strab. i. 75. Herod, ii. 29. 
Diod. i. p. 38. Ptol. iv. 8. Plin. ii. 75. 
v. 9. vi. 29. 35. Heliod. x. Though in- 
sulated during the rainy season, it is at 
other times only a peninsula ; its modern 
name is ' Atbar,' and it comprises the 
greatest part of the kingdom of Sennaar 
and the smaller portion of Abyssinia. 
HEE. R. PR. 

« To sprinkle.' Thus we read of water 
being fetched from the neighbouring sea, 



with which templum et simulacrum dece 
(Junonis) prospermm est ; Tac. An. xv. 
44. R. 

529. ' The ancient sheepfold ;' • the 
spot where Romulus and his shepherds 
penned their flocks ;' or 1 the palace of 
Romulus.' VS. Some take it to mean 
the boarded partitions within which the 
people were shut when they went to vote. 
fepta ; Mart. II. xiv. 5. lvii. 2. X.lxxx. 4. 
FA. Liv. xxvi. 22. PR. Luc.ii.197. These 
were afterwards built of fine marble with 
elegant porticoes. A. Others again sup- 
pose that the sheepfold of the Tarquins 
stood there. BR I. R. 

' Rises' is more expressive than ' is.' vii. 
183. R. Ov. M. ii. 264. BU. Liv. xxv. 
21. DR. see note on Ktirxr Her. vii. 18. 

530. ' She is so credulous as to believe 
that the goddess herself speaks by the 
mouth of her priest.' VS. 

The gods and goddesses were styled 
domini and domince ; 1ia<xlru.i and Vi<r<ret- 
vat in Greek. GR. Ov. A. A. i. 148. 
Virg. JE. iii. 113. 438. Prop. III. iii. 
31. R. see note on Her. i. 212. 

Mnnere ' to reveal their will :' R. cf. 
Ov. M. xiii. 216. H. Tib. I. vi. 50. BK. 
V. Flac. i. 29. 231. Ov. M. ii. 639. 
BU. 

531. A n ima, qua vivimus ; mens, qua 
cogitamus ; Lactant. ill. 

532. The preceding line is parenthe- 
tical : ergo refers to 530. 

533. The inferior priests were all clad 
in linen, in imitation of Isis, who appears 
to have been a queen of Egypt, and to 
have first taught her subjects the use of 
linen, linigeri fugiunt calvi sistra- 
taque turba ; Mart. XII. xxix. 19. R. 
Tib. I. iii. 30. BK. Ov. A. A. i. 77. H. 

Those who were going to celebrate the 
rites of Isis had their heads shaved. J. 
Lampr. Comm. 9. CAS. FE. 

534. Bos in JEgypto numinis vice coli- 
tur : Apim vocant. non est fas eum certos 
vita excedere annos ; mcrsumquc in saccr- 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



159 



535 Ule petit veniam, quoties non abstinet uxor 
Concubitu sacris observandisque diebus, 
Magnaque debetur violato poena cadurco, 
Et movisse caput visa est argentea serpens : 
Illius lacrumse meditataque murmura praestant, 

540 Ut veniam culpa? non abnuat, ansere magno 
Scilicet et tenui popano corruptus, Osiris. 



dotum fonte enecant qucssituri luctu 
alium, quern substituant ; et donee inuene- 
rint, moerent; derasis etiam capitibus, 
§c. i7isigne ei, in dextro latere candicans 
macula, cornibus luncc crescere incipientis ; 
et nodus sub lingua quern cantharum appel- 
lant; Plin. viii. 46. Diod. li. 4 sqq. Cic. 
N. D. 83. Macr. i. 22. Amraian. xxii. 
PR. 

Anubis, the son of Osiris or Typhon, 
was the constant companion of Osiris and 
Isis (the sun and moon) ; he is repre- 
sented as a man with a dog's head, from 
which he is called canis ; xv. 8. latrans 
Anubis; Prop. III. xi. 41. latrator ; 
Virg. M. viii. 698. PR. Cf. Diod. i. 18. 
87. Herod, ii. 66 sq. ' The chief-priest 
who personates Anubis laughs in his 
sleeve at the credulous folly of the people 
bewailing their lost god.' viii. 29. In the 
expression currit devisor, there may be an 
allusion to the appearance of a dog ' lol- 
ling out his tongue and grinning when 
fatigued with running.' Pers.i.60. CAS. 
HN. R. LU. 

535. These gloomy and fantastic pro- 
cessions in quest of Osiris continued for 
several days ; during which the female 
votaries of Isis, in sympathy for her loss, 
abstained from intercourse with their hus- 
bands. G. SA. This abstinence was 
generally for a period of nine days. Prop. 
II. xxxiii. 1 sqq. IV. v. 34. Tib. I. hi. 23 
sqq. Ov. Am. III. x. 1. The priest in- 
tercedes with his god for the offender. 
LU. 

537. ' For having profaned the snowy 
sheeting;' vii. 221. cadurcis destituta 
fasciis, nuda; Sulp. VS. Tib. IV. ii. 1. 
BK. nullum est candidius linum lanceve 
similius, sicutin culcitisprcecipuam gloriam 
obtinent Cadurci; Plin. xix. 1. a peo- 
ple of Aquitain in Gaul, now • le Quercy,' 
with a town, of which the ancient name 
was Cadurcum, the modern ' Cahors.' 
PR. R. 

538. ' To have shaken in his anger.' 



ii. 130. FA. Hor. I S. v. 58. Virg. M. 
vii. 292. xivwas *«W Horn. Od. E 
285. R. 

The serpent is the asp (Hor. I Od. 
xxxvii. 26 sq.) wreathed round the head 
of the deity, as the symbol of eternity. 
^Elian. GR. Diod. i. Macr. i. 20. Ov. 
Am. II. xiii. 13. M. ix. 693. (H.) V. 
Flac. iv. 418. (BU.) R. " I recollect 
that when I was in Italy, a bust of Isis 
was found, thus incircled ; and was then 
thought, by the literati, to give light to 
this very passage." G. 

539. ' Of that priest.' VS. 
Meditata ' studied.' 

' Mumbled prayers.' x. 289 sq. hand 
cuivis promptum est murmur que humi- 
lesque susurros tollere de templis, et aperto 
vivere voto ; Pers. ii. 6 sq. &c. GR. Soph. 
El. 638 sqq. b fjciyas t'/jv ivoohnv V7rorov- 
0o{vcrcts' Luc. Ns». 7. Hor. I Ep. xvi. 59 
sqq. The precept of Pythagoras was (tiro, 
Qwvyis sv%to : because the person, who is 
vera sintplititate bonus, recti custos, mirator 
honesti, is one — nihil arcano qui roget ore 
deos ; Mart. I. xl. 4 — 6. tunc scito, te 
esse omnibus cupiditatibus solutum, quum 
eo perveneris, ut nihil deum roges, nisi 
quod rogare possis palam. nunc enim 
quanta dementia est hominum ? turpissima 
vota diis insusurrant : si quis admoverit 
aurem, conticescent et, quod scire hominem 
nolunt, deo narrant ; Sen. (from Atheno- 
dorus) Ep. 10. Tib. II. i. 83 sqq. R. K. 

540. ' The goose' is not mentioned at 
random : that bird was usually sacrificed 
to Isis, and in Egypt constituted the chief 
food of her priests. The Romans were at 
first a little scandalized at this treatment 
of the ancient guardian of their capitol, 
but use soon reconciled them to it. G. 
Herod, ii. 45. GR. ib. 37. 

541. ' The thin cake,' Xayugov Phi- 
lostr. V. Ap. v. 9. Ov. F. i. 453 sq. 
(H. BU.) Philip. Ep. x. in Br. An. 
t. ii. p. 214. BO, p. 217. R. 

It is Osiris, and not Isis, who is of- 



160 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Quum dedit ille locum ; cophino fcenoque relicto 
Arcanam Judaea tremens mendicat in aurem, 
Interpres legum Solymarum et magna sacerdos 

545 Arboris ac summi fida internuntia coeli. 

Implet et ilia manum, sed parcius : sere minuto 
Qualiacumque voles Judaei somnia vendunt. 
Spondet amatorem tenerum vel divitis orbi 
Testamentum ingens, calidae pulmone columbae 

550 Tractato, Armenius vel Commagenus haruspex ; 
Pectora pullorum rimatur et exta catelli, 



fended. The goddess understood her 
trade too well, to be offended seriously 
with a peccadillo of this kind ; but then 
it was necessary that her husband should 
be represented as extremely delicate on 
the subject ; otherwise, no goose for the 
priest. G. Macr. i. 20 sq. PR. viii. 29. R. 

542. Cf.iii. Hsqq. PA. Domitian laid 
a heavy poll-tax on this people ; and, 
that they might not evade it, they were 
enjoined not to appear abroad without 
the basket and hay, the badges of their 
condition. To avoid being detected and 
insulted by the rabble when they entered 
the city, these poor persecuted wretches 
laid aside their degrading accompani- 
ments. This accounts for the epithet 
tremens, which Juvenal applies to the 
female fortune-teller ; who, if she had 
been discovered, would, in spite of her 
lofty pretensions, have been severely 
punished for contempt of the imperial 
regulations. G. Mart. VII. lv. SCH. 
Suet. Dom. 12. Joseph. B. J. vii. 7. 
PR. 

543. Tremens may also mean ' shiver- 
ing/ as beggars do, to excite compassion, 
v. 11. GR. a matre doctns rogare Judccus ; 
Mart. XII. lvii. 13. 

544. ' Expounder of the laws of Jeru- 
salem/ BRI. Plin. v. 14. PR. 

By the words ' high -priestess of the 
tree' is probably meant ' of the Egerian 
grove/ the degradation of which is so 
indignantly deplored in the third Satire. 
Like the Norwood of our metropolis, it 
might be frequented by such of the vulgar 
as were anxious to enquire their fortunes. 
In that case some favourite tree might be 
the place of rendezvous, and this Betty 
Squires its most infallible oracle. G. Sen. 
Med. 349. FA. 



545. Nil prater nubes et coeli n urn en 
adorant ; xiv. 97. R. 

' The trustworthy agent by whom the 
will of heaven is revealed/ Augurs and 
birds are called Jovis inter mine ii et 
inter pretes; Cic. Phil. xiii. 5. Div. ii. 
34. R. 

546. The Jews appear then to have 
held the same place in society, as Gipsies 
at the present day. GR. 

547. See Ezek. xiii. " Have ye not 
seen a vain vision, and have ye not 
spoken a lying divination, whereas ye 
say, The Lord saith it : albeit I have 
not spoken?" v. 7. " Will ye pollute 
me for handfuls of barley and for pieces 
of bread?" ibid. 19. &c. M. Pers. ii. 
57. K. 

548. Spondet, ' solemnly engages/ is a 
stronger word than promittit ; iii. 43. 
Cic. for Mur. 41. extr. Sen. Ep. 19. 
Ov. Her. xvi. 114. V. Flac. vi. 117. 
(BU.) de infante Scribonius mathematicut 
preeclara spopondit ; Suet. Tib. 14. Id. 
Oth. 4. R. 

549. ' The lungs/ the liver, and the 
heart were the parts chiefly examined in 
divinations. Luc. i. 621 sqq. Cic. de Har. 
Resp. 9. Dio 39. 58. R. 

' Doves' were sacrificed to Venus, and 
from the preceding line this appears to 
have been a love affair. SCH. 

550. Commagene was a part of Syria 
between Mount Amanus and the Eu- 
phrates. R. 

Haruspex ; ii. 121. PR. 

551. Pectoribus inhians spirantia con- 
sulitexta; Virg.^E. iv. 64.FS. The men- 
tion of these smaller animals is to throw 
ridicule on the pretensions of such for- 
tune-tellers. R. 

Catelli ; see Paus. VI. ii. 2. PA. 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



161 



Interdum et pueri : faciet, quod deferat ipse. 

Chaldaeis sed major erit fiducia : quidquid 
Dixerit astrologus, credent a fonte relatum 
555 Hammonis ; quoniam Delphis oracula cessant 
Et genus humanum damnat caligo futuri. 



552. « Of a child.' cf. Psalm cvi. 37 
sq. Plut. cle Herod. Mai. (near the begin- 
ning) : Macr. iii. 7. PR. Ammian. 
XXIX. ii. 17. Eus. H. E. viii. 14. 
Cassiod. H.Tr. vi. 48. Theodoret. iii. 21. 
LN. R. 

Egnatius (iii. 116) is here again al- 
luded to, who after instigating the daugh- 
ter of Soranus to magical arts, denounced 
her to the emperor Nero; by whose 
order, she suffered at the same time with 
her father. VS. This anecdote may be 
genuine, though Tacitus does not mention 
it; An. xvi. 32. G. 

Deferat ; 220. R. i. 33. iv. 48. M. 

553. Chaldaea and its capital Babylon 
were famous for the astrological skill of 
the inhabitants. In that city there was 
the temple of Belus said to be the inven- 
tor of the science. Plin. vi.26. Cic. Div. 
i. 2. 92. Gell. i. 9. xiv. 1. Diod. ii. 3. 
iii. 8. xvii. 11 sq. See K, and CAS, on 
Pers. v. 46 sqq. These ' Chalda?ans' 
among other names were called ' astro- 
logers' 554. and ' mathematicians :' 562. 
Among the benign stars they reckoned 
Venus; 570. among those of malignant 
aspect were Saturn, 569 sq. and Mars, x. 
313 sq. Ov. Am. I. viii. 29. From casting 
a person's nativity, 579. or observing his 
horoscope, Suet. Aug. 94 extr. they pre- 
dicted future events, and the hour and 
day at which any affair of importance 
ought to be transacted, 575 sqq. For this 
purpose they used books, 578. or tables, 
558. and diaries, 574. which contained 
the positions &c. of the stars at any given 
time, iii. 43 sqq. The calculations which 
were requisite in judicial astrology were 
called numeri Thrasylli; 576. Babylonii 
numeri; Hor. I Od. xi. 2. Chaldaicce 
rationes ; Cic. Div. ii. 47. 42 sqq. cf. vii. 
194 sqq. ix. 33. xiv. 248 sqq. xvi. 4. 
Manil. iii. 160 sqq. iv. 122 sqq. 294 sqq. 
Ov. Ib. 209 sqq. Macr. Plin. ii. 8 sqq. 
vi?. 49. Prop. IV. i. Hor. II Od. xvii. 
17—24. (MI. JN.) Tac. An. iv. 58. 
(ER.) Ammian. XXVIII. iv. 24. (LN.) 
R. PR. 

554. Cf. viii. 125. R. 

555. It is fabled that Bacchus being 



distressed for water, in his Libyan expe- 
dition, a ram suddenly appeared from the 
sand and led him to ' a fountain.' Bac- 
chus regarded this ram as Jupiter, and, 
accordingly, built a magnificent temple 
to Jupiter Hammon on the spot where 
the water was found : the name of Ham- 
mon being derived from clftf&es ' sand,' 
and ram's horns being attributed to the 
deity. Hygin. P. Astr. ii. 20. This tem- 
ple is environed by a thick forest, the 
only one in those parts, Luc. ix. 522 — 
527. Curt. IV. vii. 16. and by several 
springs, among others * the celebrated 
fountain of the sun' (which is here put 
for the oracle itself) : Herod, ii. 42. iv. 
181. Diod. i. 13. xvii. 50. Plin. ii. 103. 
v. 5. vi. 29. Curt. IV. vii. 22. Lucr. vi. 
848 sqq. Ov. M. xv. 309 sqq. Sil. iii. 669 
sqq. R. FA. PR. "The fount that play'd 
In times of old through Ammon's shade, 
Though icy cold by day it ran, Yet still, 
like souls of mirth, began To burn when 
night was near ;" Moore, Irish Melodies. 

• The oracle of Apollo at Delphi' is 
said to have ' ceased' at the birth of 
Christ : Me puer Hebrceus divos Deus 
ipse gubernans cedere sede jubet, &;c. cf. 
Plut. de Or. Def. PR. Eus. Pr. Ev. v. 
p. 205 sqq. Cic. Div. ii. 57. Strab. xvii. 
p. 553. Luc. v. 112 sqq. CAS. Antib.Ex. 
i. 12. It is mentioned, however, as hav- 
ing given responses in the reigns of Nero 
and Julian; Suet. Ner. 40. Themist. Or. 
xix. Theodor. H. E. iii. 21. R. and again 
at the birth of Honorius (unless it be 
merely the poet's fiction) ; et dudum 
taciti rupere silentia Delphi; Claud. IV 
Cons. Hon. 144. If the oracle of Jupiter 
Hammon did survive the rest, it was pro- 
bably because, as Voltaire says of El 
Dorado, few or none could go to seek it. 
G. 

556. - Punishes,' PR. or ' renders 
them miserable,' 1 leads them headlong 
on their ruin,' cf. Virg. M. xii. 727. HK. 
iii. 116. or * torments :' prudens futuri 
temporis exitum caliginosa noete pre- 
mit deus ridetque si m or talis ultra fas 
trepidat ; Hor. IV Od. xxix. 29 sqq. 
R. 



162 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Praecipuus tamen est horum, qui saepius exsul, 
Cujus amicitia conducendaque tabella 
Magnus civis obit et formidatus Othoni. 

560 Inde fides arti, sonuit si dextera ferro 

Lsevaque, si longo castrorum in carcere mansit. 
Nemo mathematicus genium indemnatus habebit : 
Sed qui paene perit, cui vix in Cyclada mitti 
Contigit et parva tandem caruisse Seripho. 

565 Consulit ictericae lento de funere matris, 

Ante tamen de te, Tanaquil tua : quando sororem 



557. Understand fait. BRL 

This astrologer was Seleucus, Suet. 
Oth. 4—6. PR. or Ptolemaeus ; Tac. H. 
i. 22. Plut. which were, probably, but 
different names of the same person. BU. 
ER. The professors of astrology were 
alternately banished and recalled, per- 
secuted and cherished, as the events 
they predicted were prosperous or adverse 
to the fortunate candidates for power. 
That they were the occasion of frequent 
commotions among this ambitious and 
credulous people, cannot be doubted ; 
and Tacitus says of them with equal 
truth and spirit, hoc genus hominnm poten- 
tibiis injidum, sperantibus Jallax, quod in 
civitate nostra et vetabitnr semper, et re- 
tinebitur ; H. i. 22. ii. 62. A. ii. 32. xii. 
52. Suet. Tib. 36. Vit. 14. R. G. 

558. Ptolemy accompanied Otho into 
Spain and there predicted that he would 
survive Nero. From his success in this 
instance (says Tacitus) he took courage 
and ventured to predict his elevation to 
the empire. Otho believed it (or rather 
affected to believe it), and from that 
moment he determined to work the de- 
struction of Galba. In the dreadful 
scenes which followed, Ptolemy was a 
principal actor. G. LU. The effect of 
such predictions on an ambitious spirit is 
finely exemplified in the tragedy of Mac- 
beth. " 'Tis strange : And oftentimes, 
to win us to our harm, The instruments 
of darkness tell us truths, Win us with 
honest trifles, to betray us In deepest 
consequence I. iii. 

Conducenda ' dearly purchased,' LU. 
' venal' ' mercenary.' 586. 

559. ' The great citizen' was Galba. 
Suet. 19. PR. cf. i. 53. R. ii. 
104 sq. 

506. ' Has clanked with chains.' VS. 



iii. 309 sq. Those, whose predictions 
concerned the life of princes or other 
matters of state were often thrown into 
prison and not released unless their words 
were verified by future events. LI. Suet. 
Tib. 14. PR. 1 Kings xxii. 7—28. 

561. In stationary camps (answering 
to our barracks) there was a black-hole 
in which malefactors were confined ; and 
when the troops changed their quarters, 
the prisoners were moved in chains. Tac. 
A. i. 21. iii. 22. R. 

562. Quos gentilitio vocabulo Chal- 
dceos dicere oportet, mathematicos 
vulgus appellat ; Gell. i. 9. PR. 

' Genius,' VS. (in which case habebit 
means ' will be thought to have;') LU. or 
• good luck :' cf. Mart. VI. lx. 10. VII. 
lxxvii. 4. Hor. II Ep. ii. 186 sqq. and v. 
22. R. 

Indemnatus " Who has not narrowly 
escaped the rope." G. 

563. " Who has — Begg'd hard for 
exile, and by special grace, Obtain'd 
confinement in some desert place." G. 

« One of the Cyclades.' i. 73. R. See 
note on Her. v. 30. 

564. ' To have been liberated.' PR. 
Seriphus one of this group, now called 

' Serfino,' is a barren rock about twelve 
miles in circumference, x. 170. Ov. M. vii. 
464. Plin. iv. 12 s 22. viii. 58. Strab. x. 
p. 487. PR. R. 

565. " In doubt How long her jaun- 
diced mother will hold out." G. "kti^ 
morbus regius. Plin. xx. 9. xxx. 1 1. xxxvi. 
31. xxxvii. 10. cf. iii. 43. PR. R. 

566. ' Thy future spouse :' Tanaquil 
tua nesciat Mud ; Auson. Epist. xxiii. 31. 
Tanaquil, the wife of Tarquin the elder, 
was a marvellous adept in the art of 
divination. VS. accepisse id augurium Iceta 
dicitur Tanaquil, perita (ut vulgo Etrusci) 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



163 



Efferat et patruos ; an sit victurus adulter 
Post ipsam? Quid enim majus dare numina possunt? 
Haec tamen ignorat, quid sidus triste minetur 

570 Saturni, quo loeta Venus se proferat astro, 

Qui mensis damnis, quae dentur tempora lucro. 
Illius occursus etiam vitare memento, 
In cujus manibus, ceu pinguia sucina, tritas 
Cernis ephemeridas; quae nullum consulit et jam 

575 Consulitur; quae, castra viro patriamve petente, 
Non ibit pariter numeris revocata Thrasylli. 
Ad primum lapidem vectari quum placet, hora 
Sumitur ex libro : si prurit frictus ocelli 
Angulus, inspecta genesi collyria poscit. 



ccelestium prodigiorum mulier ; Liv. i. 34. 
PR. Ib. 39.41. 
567. Efferat; i. 72. R. 

569. * Even she is less hateful who 
gains her knowledge of the stars at second 
hand, than a wife who is herself a pro- 
ficient in the celestial lore.' VS. 

570. See note on 553. R. vii. 194. 
grave Saturni sidus in omne caput ; 
Prop. IV. i. 84. BRI. Pers. v. 50. Hor. 
II Od. xvii. 22. M. frigida Saturni 
siella; Virg. G. i. 336. VS. Cic. N. D. 
PR. 

' In conjunction with what heavenly 
body.' This was the moon, according to 
Cicero, Pliny, and Macrobius. PR. " In 
what sign bright Venus ought to rise To 
shed her mildest influence from the skies." 
G. 

Veneris salubre sidus ; Luc. VS. 
Se proferat : Suet. Ner. 6. extr. R. 

571. Dentur lucro ' are lucky.' Hor. I 
Od. ix. 14. R. 

572. ' Avoid her as a thing of ill 
omen.' SCH. 

573. ' Whose well-thumbed manual of 
astrology ' (note on 553.) ' becomes as yel- 
low, shining, and transparent, as rich ara- 
ber.'FS. LE7. Plin.xxxvii. 2 sq. PR .v. 24. 
38. ix. 50. Ov. M. ii. 364 sqq. Mart. IV. 
lix. The ladies used to hold or rub the 
amber in their hands for the sake of its 
scent ; Dioscor. i. 93. redolent quod sucina 
trita ; Mart. III. lxv. 4 sq. fragravit ore 
quod sucinorum rapta de manu gleba; V. 
xxxvii. 9. 11. spirant sucina virginea quod 
regelata manu; XI. viii. 1. 6. The 
epithet 1 fat' may also refer to its nature : 
si naiuram sucini admoto igne tentes, in 



modum icedce accenditur alitque fiammam 
pingu em et olentem : mox ut in picem 
resinamve lentescit ; Tac. G. 45. R. 

575. The superstition of being guided 
in every thing by astrological calculations 
appears to have struck its roots incon- 
ceivahly deep. Nearly three centuries 
after Juvenal's time, we find the Romans 
characterized by the same folly, and al- 
most in the same words : multx apud eos 
negantes esse superas poiestates in ccelo, nec 
in publico prodeunt nec prandent nec 
lavari arbitrantur se cautius posse, ante- 
quam ephemeride scrupulose sciscitata 
didicerint ubi sit signum Mercurii ; b\c. 
Ammian. XXVIII. iv. 24. Here we have 
Pope's " — godless regent trembling at a 
star;" Mor. Ess. i. 90. Such are the mon- 
strous inconsistencies of atheism ! G. R. 

576. Thrasyllus was an eminent astro- 
loger at the court of Tiberius. Suet. Aug. 
98. Tib. 14 sq. 62. Cal. 19. Tac. A. vi. 
20. 22. Dio. lv. 11. 75. PR. R. 

577. ' If she wishes to go out for a 
little airing in her chair or carriage.' VS. 
The miles were marked by mile-stones, 
inscribed with the number, and were 
reckoned from a golden column which 
stood in the forum. These mile-stones 
were first put up by C. Gracchus. SCH. 
Plut. Grac. PR. 

578. The ancients considered the itch- 
ing of any part to be a prognostication of 
something about to happen. /. E, Pr. iv. 
7. Plaut. Mil. II. iv. 44. Bac. V. ii. 75. 
Amph. I. i. 139. Ps. I. i. 105. JS. Isid. 
Or. viii. 19. R. 

579. See note on 553. R. 

Hie oculis ego nigra meis collyria 



164 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



580 JEgra, licet jaceat, capiendo nulla videtur 

Aptior hora cibo, nisi quam dederit Petosiris. 
Si mediocris erit ; spatium lustrabit utrimque 

Metarum et sortes ducet frontemque manumque 

Prsebebit vati crebrum poppysma roganti. 
585 Divitibus responsa dabunt Phryx augur et Indus 

Conductus, dabit astrorum mundique peritus 

Atque aliquis senior, qui publica fulgura condit. 

Plebeium in circo positum est et in aggere fatum. 

Quae nullis longum ostendit cervicibus aurum, 

lippus illinere; Hor. I S. v. 30 sq. PR. in a transitive sense, vii. 108. Tib. I. iii. 

Piin. xxi. 20 s 81 sq. (HA.) R. 60. II. i. 32. Virg. E. v. 64. cf. Theocr. 

581. ' Shall have pointed out.' VS. v. 89. MNS. 

Petosiris was a famous astrologer and 585. Phrygians, Pisidians, Cilicians, 

physician, according to Pliny, ii. 23. vii. and Arabians paid great attention to 

49. (HA.) and Suidas, (KU.) LU. Ath. augury. Cic. Div. i. 41. extr. LU. 

iii. 81. SA. R. He seems, like our India, among the Romans, was a word 

learned Moore, to have allotted particular of great latitude, including Persia, Arabia, 

diseases and particular stages of life to the ./Ethiopia, and part of Egypt. Virg. G. 

government of particular planets. " Sir ii. 116. iv. 293. (HY. BU.) The Magi 

To. Were we not born under Taurus'? of Persia were augurs as well as philoso- 

Sir An. Taurus'? that's sides and phers. Cic. /. c. R. 

heart. Sir To. No, Sir, it is legs and 586. Conductus; R. 558. 

thighs;" Shaksp.Twelfth-Night, I. iii. G. Mundi ' of heaven.' Sil. iii. 61.1. Tib. 

582. The circus was the resort of III. iv. 18. R. 

itinerant fortune-tellers. Acron. LU. 587. Cf. Luc. i. 584 sqq. 606 sqq. VS. 

Hence it is called fallax circus; Hor. I Plin. ii. 52. 54. M. Whenever a place 

S. vi. 113. T. cf. Suet. Caas. 39. Claud, was struck by lightning, a priest was 

21. PR. Cic. Div. i. 58. R. always called in to purify it. This was 

583. The Circus Maximus was divided done by collecting every thing that had 
along the middle by' the chine' spina ; been scorched, and burying it on the 
at each extremity of this stood three spot, with due solemnity. A two-year- 
' pillars' metcB, round which the chariots old sheep was then sacrificed, and the 
had to turn on the near side. FE. LU. ground (bidental) slightly fenced round ; 
Ov. Am. III. xv. 2. M. iii. 145. R. after which all was supposed to be well. 

* Will draw lots ;' hoc genus divina- Pers. ii. 26 sq. iv. 49. (K. CAS.) LU. 

tionis vita jam communis explosit : quis G. Sen. N. Q. ii. Acron on Hor. A. P. 

enim magistratus aut quis vir illustrior 471. Festus. Plut. Q. Conv.iv.2. Artemid. 

utitur sortibus? Cic. Div. ii. 41. Nume- ii. 8. Sen. Clem. i.8. (LI.) PTR, Arch, 

rius Suffetius is said to have invented iv. 1. R. 

this mode of divination, cf. Suet. Tib. 14. Senior <r^t<rP>vTt^os. SCH. 

Ner. 2\. A. T. PR. Quint. XII. x. 74. 588. Non vicanos haruspices, non de 

(GE. BU.) Tib. I. iii. 1 1 sq. (HY.) R. circo astrologos : Enn. FA. PA. cf. iii. 65. 

Others told fortunes by physiognomy 223. PR. 

and chiromancy. LU. Agger; viii. 43. R. The mound 

584. Poppysma ' a smack with the thrown up by Tarquin the proud, on the 
lips ;' VS. or ' a wanton palming and east of the city. BR J. 

pattin? of the hand.' M. palpare ; i. 35. 589. • Who displays no long golden 

*ratf<yy£e/v ' to coax ;' Timocl. in Ath. ix. pendants above her neck and shoulders :' 

18. Perhaps per may be understood by hypallage, as ii. 90. M. cf. 457 sqq. 

here ; and roganti may mean ' begging' R. The poet might intend to point out 

in a neuter sense : cf. iv. 118. R. Plin. the general extravagance of the Roman 

xxviii. 2. (T.) Or we may read sonanti women, in thus characterising the extre- 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



165 



590 Consulit ante phalas delphinorumque columnas, 
An saga vendenti nubat caupone relicto. 

Hoe tamen et partus subeunt discrimen et omnes 
Nutricis tolerant fortuna urguente labores ; 
Sed jacet aurato vix ulla puerpera lecto. 

595 Tan turn artes hujus, tan turn medicamina possunt, 
Quae steriles facit atque homines in ventre necandos 
Conducit. Gaude, infelix, atque ipse bibendum 
Porrige, quidquid erit : nam si distendere vellet 
Et vexare uterum pueris salientibus, esses 

600 iEthiopis fortasse pater; mox decolor heres 



mity of indigence amongst them by the 
want of a gold chain. G. 

590. The phulce were seven moveable 
wooden towers, or obelisks, called from 
their oval form, ova; they were placed 
along the spine, and one was taken 
down at the end of each course, xav tu 
vri^it^o/jca) <r<pa.Wo(*.'ivov$ <rov? av&gtvvrous vet/ii 
rbv tuv tiauXcav KQiSftbv o^Zv (Agrippa), 
ravs Ti ^t\<p7vxs xou to, uoithn ^nftiou^yw- 
[auto. xuritrrfi<ra.<ro, ottu; abruv at 

<zi(/iohoi tuv •Ttt^ihgof/.cav a,va$uxvvctJVTcei' Dio 
xlix. exir. Liv. xii. 27. Varr. K. R. I/ii. 
11. SA. PA. PAN. tabulata phalceque ; 
Enn. PR. 

« The dolphins' on the columns were 
perhaps owing to the Circensian games 
being originally consecrated to the Eques- 
trian Neptune or Consus. R. in circo 
Flaminio erant Neptunas ipse et Thetis et 
Nereides supra delphinos sedentes; Plin. 
xxxvi. 5. These were of marble. PR, 
There were four parties in the Circus, the 
Blue, the Green, xi. 196. the White, and 
the Red, vii. 114. (to which were added 
by Domitian, the Golden, and the Purple. 
Suet. 7. Xiph.) Of these the Blue and 
the Green were the principal ones : for 
to them the others were respectively at- 
tached. The egg was the badge of the 
Green faction or that of the land, the 
Dolphin of the Blues or the sea party. 
The symbols were so managed as to 
show which of the two parties was win- 
ning. The Romans being generally but 
little connected with maritime affairs, the 
Green was the popular colour : xi. 196. 
though the other was sometimes the 
favourite with the Emperor. In silver 
coins of Roman families, under chariots 
of two or four horses, we sometimes find 



a trident, sometimes an ear of corn : it is 
not improbable that these maybe emblems 
of the two leading parties above mentioned, 
and denote the victorious colour. FE. 

591. ' Whether she shall jilt the eat- 
ing-house keeper and wed the army- 
tailor.' LU. 

592. " The great danger (or pain and 
peril) of childbirth ;" Book of Common 
Prayer. 

593. They could afford neither to put 
their children out to nurse, nor to keep a 
nursemaid or nursery governess. VS. 

594. A woman is called puerpera, when 
' confined with her first child.' VS. 

595. Hujus ' of the old woman, who 
is applied to in such cases.' LU. 

Medicamina; Plin. xx. 21. xxvii. 5. 9. 
R. cf. ii. 32. 

596. ' Men yet unborn.' 

597. Conducit ; ' undertakes for a cer- 
tain price.' The same verb is used with 
the following expressions : redemtor co- 
lumnam faciendam; Cic. Div. ii. 21. 
medicus cegrum sanandum ; Plin. xxix. 1. 
pistor panem molendum ; Pompon, in Non. 
Another form of the phrase is this, Simo- 
nides, victori laudem ut scriberet, certo 
conduxit pretio; Phaidr. IV. xxiv. 4 sqq. 
(BU.) R. 

' Grieve not.' The ' woe-begone' hus- 
band is here addressed. LU. 

598. Distendere (uterum) ' to conceive.' 
LU. 

599. ' To bear lively boys.' 

600. ' Of a blackamoor ;' M. owing 
to your wife's adultery with a black 
slave, v. 53. LU. Mart. VI. xxxix. R. 

Fortasse ' as likely as not.' 
Pater i. e. in the eyes of the law. 
' A sooty heir.' G. 



166 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Impleret tabulas, numquam tibi mane videndus. 

Transeo suppositos et gaudia votaque ssepe 
Ad spurcos decepta lacus atque inde petitos 
Pontifices, Salios, Scaurorum nomina falso 

605 Corpore laturos. Stat Fortuna improba noctu, 
Arridens nudis infantibus. Hos fovet oranes 
Involvitque sinu : domibus tunc porrigit altis 
Secretumque sibi minium parat. Hos amat, his se 
Ingerit utque suos ridens producit alumnos. 

610 Hie magicos affert cantus, hie Thessala vendit 



601. Cf. i. 63. 68. M. ii. 58. ■ and 
that at your wife's bidding.' cf. 218. R. 

' One that you would be very sorry to 
see of a morning.' v. 54. LU. The 
ancients thought the first thing they saw 
in the morning gave a lucky or unlucky 
turn to the affairs of the whole day. AS. 
ominu principiis inesse solent : ad primam 
vocem 6\c. Ov. F. i. 178 sq. Cic. Div. i. 
45 sqq. Plin. xxviii. 2. See also 572. 
Among others of these ill-omened sights, 
apes were held in great dread. Luc. 
'A*o<pt>. 17. Id. Am. 39. R. 

602. Complures alios, doctus ego quos et 
amicos prndens prcetereo ; Hor. I S. x. 87 
sq. SCH. cf. x. 273. R. 

' The joys and vows' of the imaginary 
fathers. PR. 

603. " The beggars' bantlings, spawn'd 
in open air, And left by some pond side, 
to perish there." G. 

Decepta * elicited by fraud.' 

Infants used to be exposed at Rome 
by the Milk Pillar in the Herb-market: 
this was near Velabrum, the low ground 
between the Capiloline, Aventine, and 
Palatine hills, which was often flooded 
by the Tiber ; Liv. i. 38 eitr. Ov. F. vi. 
401 sqq. Tib. II. v. 33. (HY.) thereby 
forming ' dirty pools.' PA. LU. PR. R. 

Out of these foundlings, noble matrons 
used to select the future heirs of great 
families. LU. 

604. Salii: see note on ii. 126. PR. 
Something of this kind had perhaps 

recently occurred in the family of the 
Scauri. ACH. ii. 35. PR. If so, there 
is a concealed sting in the equivoque 
Jicti in (ii. 34.) the preceding line. 
Falso ' supposititious.' LU. 

605. ' Fortune' still retains among us 
her ancient attributes, and is spoken of at 
this hour, much as she was two thousand 
years ago. G. [Livy xxx, 30, 2. ED.] 



Improba ' unlucky' i. e. * delighting in 
sportive mischief.' G. cceca, volubilis, 
vaga, inconstans, incerta, vana ; Plin. ii. 
R. Fortuna scevo Iceta negotio, et ludum 
insolentem ludere pertinax, transmutat in- 
certos honores, nunc mihi, nunc alii be- 
nigna. laudo manentem : si celeres quatit 
pennat, resigno qua dedit, et mea virtute 
me involvo; Hor. IV Od. xxix. 49 
sqq. M. 

606. Nudis; cf. iv. 49. LU. 

' Cherishes' with maternal care. LU. 

607. Involvit; cf. Hor. quoted above. 
' Lofty mansions' are generally occu- 
pied by ' great families.' cf. 385. R. 

608. " A secret farce G. for these 
foundlings will be personating characters 
foreign to their nature. LU. iii. 39 sq. 
PR. 

' She forces herself upon them :' (in 
which 6ense the French verb s'ingerer is 
used. M.) Cic. Verr. iii. 28. Claud. 
B. G. 193. It is opposed to subtrahere 
se; Plin. Pan. 86, 2. (SZ.) R. 

609. • Smiling on them,' or ' laughing 
in her sleeve.' FA. 

' Advances them.' PR. Cic. Dom. 9. 
but cf. xiv. 228. R. 

' As her own foster-children.' M. A 
foundling was called Fortuna Jilius; 
Hor. II S. vi. 49. LU. 

610. ' Magic incantations.' Plin. xxiv. 
17. xxy. 9. xxvi. 4. xxviii. 2 sqq. xxx. 1 
sqq. PR. cf. 133 sqq. M. Tib. I. ii. 41 
sqq. viii. 17 sqq. Virg. E. viii. 69 sqq. 
HY. Hor. I Od. xxvii. 20 sq. QetofttZ- 
kois yvvri rov a.vh£ tfcrjvtv Arist. Th. 568. 
R. 

Thessaly abounded in herbs used for 
these purposes. Apul. Flor. i. LU. Ego 
pol ilium ulchcar hodie, Thessalum vener- 
eum, qui perverse perturbavit Jumilice men- 
tern niece; Plaut. Amph. IV. iii. 10. por- 
tenta Thessala ; Hor. II Ep. ii. 209. PR. 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



167 



Philtra, quibus valeat mentem vexare mariti 
Et solea pulsare nates. Quod desipis, inde est ; 
Inde animi caligo et magna oblivio rerum, 
Quas modo gessisti. Tamen hoc tolerabile, si non 

615 Et furere incipias, ut avunculus ille Neronis, 
Cui totam tremuli frontem Caesonia pulli 
Infudit. Quae non faciet, quod Principis uxor? 
Ardebant cuncta et fracta compage ruebant, 
Non aliter, quam si fecisset Juno maritum 

620 Insanum. Minus ergo nocens erit Agrippinae 
Boletus: siquidem unius praecordia pressit 



611. ' Love-potions :' philtra nocent 
animis vimque furoris habent ; Ov. A. A. 
ii. 106. PR. 

' To disturb.' 599. Agrippina veneni 
genus exquisitum optabat, quo mens Claudii 
turbaretur, mors differrelur ; Tac. An. 
xii. 66. PR. 

612. * The slipper' was a common 
domestic instrument of punishment for 
little boys. Pers. v. 169. mitivari tibi 
videam sandalio caput ; Ter. Eun. V. 
SCH. cf. vii. 192. ffCLvbuXai yi x^ v,T V 
us tx; vrvycii, uff-yn^ to. Tablet, TahirSat 
aZfeC Luc. Philops. Ti xct) v\*iyus 
(thru ivsruvav us r&S Tuyas <ru ffa,vha,Xa>' 
Luc. D. V r en. and Lun. R. 

Inde ' owing to these philtres.' SCH. 

613. Suet. Claud. 38—40. PR. 

614. After this line are found, in some 
copies, the following : semper aquam 
portes rimosa ad dolia : semper istud onus 
subeas ipsis manantibus umis, quod ra- 
bid urn nestro Phalarim de rege dedisti. 
VS. 

615. C. Caligula, the brother of 
Agrippina, and, consequently, ' Nero's 
maternal uncle;' Suet. Cal. 7. PR. 
credebatur potionatus a Coesonia uxore, 
amatorio quidem medicamento, sed quod in 
furorem vert erit ; lb. 50. LU. Joseph. 
Ant. xix. The effects of this monster's 
madness are described, 618 — 625. R. 
An uncle by the father's side is patruus. 

616. ' Shivering with the cold when 
just born.' LU. 

' The whole forehead' is here put, 
hyperbolically, for Hippomanes ; R. * mo- 
ther's love ;' D. a black fleshy excre- 
scence, about the size of a lent-fig, on 
the forehead of a new-dropt foal ; which 
the mother, immediately after she has 



foaled, licks off and swallows : if it be 
taken away before she does this, she 
shows an utter aversion to her offspring : 
and will never give it suck. Wierius de 
Mag. Infam. G. See note on 133. 
PR. 

Ccesonia, the wife of Caligula, had few 
personal attractions, and is said to have 
used philtres to excite her husband's 
love. Suet. Cal. 25. 33. 50. PR. Plin. 
vii. 5. Dio lix. 12. 23. R. 

617. Majus infundum tibi fastidienti 
poculum ; Hor. Ep. v. 77 sq. ' Presented 
for him to drink,' SA. or 1 threw into the 
bowl.' 

' If a princess would act thus, what 
can we expect from a common woman V 
VS. viii. 198. R. 

618. ' All the world was in flames.' 
The metaphor refers to the lightnings of 
Jove. LU. 

' The whole edifice of civilized society 
was enveloped in flames, and sunk "in 
ruins with all its joints dissevered.' PR. 

619. ' As the universe at large would 
suffer, if Juno were to drive her lord and 
master mad.' VS. There is no allusion 
here to the final dissolution of this ma- 
terial world ; R. quum compage solu ta 
secula tot mundi suprema coegerit hora ; 

Luc. i. 72 sqq. HN. With this 
compare the fine passage of Shakspeare, 
beginning " And like the baseless fabric 
of this vision ;" Temp. IV. i. 

620. ' If the enormity of actions is to 
be estimated by their pernicious effects, 
the crime of Agrippina was one of far 
less atrocity.' R. 

' Agrippina's mushroom ;' xiv. 8.. 
cf. v. 147 sq. Tac. An. xii.^m. PR. 

621. « Stopped the breath.' 



168 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Ille senis tremulumque caput descendere jussit 

In caelum et longam manantia labra salivam. 

Haec poscit ferrum atque ignes, haec potio torquet : 
625 Haec lacerat mixtos Equitum cum sanguine Patres. 

Tanti partus equoe ! quanti una venefica constat ? 
Oderunt natos de pellice; nemo repugnet, 

Nemo vetet: jam jam privignum occidere fas est. 

Vos ego, pupilli, moneo, quibus amplior est res, 
630 Custodite animas et nulli credite mensae. 

Livida materno fervent adipata veneno. 

Mordeat ante aliquis, quidquid porrexerit ilia, 



622. Claudius was in his sixty-fourth 
year. Suet. 45. CAS. 

Juvenal's description of this senile 
driveller is fully confirmed by Suetonius ; 
risns intlecens, ira turpior, tpumante 
rictu, hummtibus naribus, plectra lingua: 
titubantia, capu tque cum semper, turn in 
quantulocumque actu vel maxime trem u- 
lum; 30. Dio lix. LU. 

' To descend to heaven.' To make 
this poor creature some amends for poison- 
ing him, they made him a god ; and the 
facetious Nero, who profited by his 
apotheosis, used ever after to call mush- 
rooms " (Zgajftx fam." Suet. Ner. 33. 
Seneca, in his jeu d'esprit on the Em- 
peror's death, called the canonization 
aXoxoXoxuvllaris ' the mushroomification :' 
and represents Claudius offering himself 
as a candidate for a godship ; but being 
accused by Augustus, and foithwith una- 
nimously condemned by the celestial 
electors, he is turned out neck and crop 
by Mercury, into the infernal regions. 
Seneca has the very same expression : 
postea quam Claudius in calum descendit; 
so also nondum stelligerum senior demissus 
in axem ; Stat. Silv. Gallio likewise is 
oelebrated for a joke on the subject, 
which is far from a bad one. Alluding 
to the hooks with which criminals were 
dragged from the place of execution to 
the Tiber, and of which by far too many 
instances occurred under Claudius, he 
observed that he was hooked to hea- 
ven. KXctvSiov KyxiffT^u 1; <rov ouguvov 
Zvtnxfimr Dio. J. BRL PR. R. G. 

623. Manare and the like verbs are 
followed by an accusative or ablative 
case indifferently ; in many instances the 
latter may be owing to transcribers using 
the phrase which was more familiar to 



their own ears ; see xv. 136. R. lucruma* 
rnurmora manani; Ov. M. vi. 312. II. 
The objection to the other reading (longa 
saliva) from the number of opctorixiwret 
is not decisive : cf. iii. 66. vii. 2b. Stc. 
In English we either insert or omit the 
preposition with after many of these 
verbs: " A violet dropping dew ;" Byron, 
Ilebr. Mel. [Livy xxii, 1, q. ED.] 

624. ' This potion of Ca?sonia excites 
a frantic call for fire and sword and tor- 
tures.' BRL LU. Suet. Cal. 32. R. 

625. The ' promiscuous' cruelties of 
Caligula are recorded, Suet. 26— 28. 30. 
lacerat may either refer to the particular 
instance in c. 28. PR. or be a general 
expression. Dio lix. 1 — 26. R. iv. 37. 

626. ' If such be the balef ul effects of 
a single philtre,' 616. 1 how infinite is the 
mischief that one sorceress occasions by 
the continual exercise of her unhallowed 
art !' SCH. constare ' to cost.' R. 

627. ' This is all natural enough. 
Juno did so before them.' LU. 272. PR. 

628. Agrippina set the example by 
poisoning her ' step-son' Germanicus, in 
order to raise her own son Nero to the 
imperial throne. VS. But see Tac. A. 
xiii. 17. PR. cf. 133 sq. M. 

629. Pupilli ' fatherless children, un- 
der ward.' LU. 

Amplior res is opposed to rebus angus- 
tis; SCH. Hot. II Od. x. 21. 

630. Nulli ' not even that of your own 
mother.' VS. 

631. Livida from the effects of the 
poison upon its victims : PR. thus 
aconita lurida ; Ov. M. i. 147. pallida; 
Luc. iv. 322 sq. vina pallida ; Prop. IV. 
vii. 36. (BK.) R. see note on i. 72. 

' The larded meats or made dishes.' 

632. Mordeat ante and pragnstet by 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



169 



Quae peperit : timidus prsegustet pocula pappas. 
Fingimus haec, altum Satira sumente cothurnum 
635 Scilicet, et finem egressi legemque priorum 
Grande Sophocleo carmen bacchamur hiatu, 
Montibus ignotum Rutulis cceloque Latino. 
Nos utinam vani ! sed clamat Pontia, " Feci, 



way of precaution, PR. ut castodirent 
aiiimas ; 630. 

The custom of having meats and drinks 
tasted beforehand by an attendant was 
originally Persian, and was probably in- 
troduced into Rome by Augustus; Tac. 
A. xii. 66. LI. (Ath. iv. 21. liiar^r 
Suid. Xen. Cyr. i. 3. B.) with other 
oriental fashions : Hor. I. xxxviii. 

633. ' The step-mother who has chil- 
dren of her own.' HO. 

Timidus ' in fear of his life.' LU. 
Pappas is properly the child's word for 
' father:' and is here applied to the 
pedagogue, who had the care of the boy. 
PA. It is natural that an orphan, hav- 
ing no father of his own, should apply 
this term of endearment to the person who 
lived with him as his guardian, discipuli 
custos ; vii. 218. R. 

634. He anticipates an objection which 
might be started : VS. " I pass the bound 
Of Satire and encroach on tragic 
ground !" G. 

' The high buskin :' see note on 506. 
R. sola Sophocleo tua carmina digna 
cothurno ; Virg. E. viii. 10. PR. 

635. ' The end we proposed to our- 
selves,' quidquid agunt homines ; i. 85. 

' Our predecessors,' viz. Lucilius, 
Horace, Fersius, PR. who confined 
themselves to real life. R. 

636. ' We rave as though inspired, 
(Stat. I S. ii. 258.) in the deep-mouthed 
tones of the Athenian bard, (Mart. TIL 
xx. 7.) a theme of terrific grandeur.' 
FA. LU. PR. R. 

The tragic masks were made of hollow 
wood ' with a wide mouth,' which gave a 
depth to the voice of the actors : but 
grande and hiatu may both allude to the 
pompous diction of tragedy ; as %aUur 
and oi vfozgtra) piycc Ki^vons' Call. H. 
Apol. 24. Luc. JSiigr. t, l. p. 50. carmen 
hiare ; Prop. II. xxxi. 6. (BK.) Pers. v. 
3. (K.) Prud. c. Sym. ii. 646. R. cf. iii. 
175. 

637. ' The Rutulians' were an ancient 
people of Latium, and the subjects of 



Turnus. BRT. cf. iii. 84 sq. xii. 103. 
105. R. 

638. Vani, i. e. mendaces et infidi et 
levia inaniaque pro gravibus et veris astu- 
tissime componentes ; Gell. xviii. 4. R. 

The story of Pontia was well known at 
Rome. Indeed, it so happens, that there 
were two monsters of this name, and that 
the history of either would have answered 
our author's purpose. (1) The first was 
the daughter of Publius Petronius and 
the wife of Vectius Bolanus, a man of 
high rank and estimation, who gave her 
twin-children poison, in the time of 
Nero. Her attempt failed, for the Pro- 
trepticon of Statius, written in the begin- 
ning cf Domitian's reign, is addressed to 
one of them, who was still a mere youth. 
It would seem from this poem that the 
mother was put to death by the latter 
emperor : exegit posnas, hominum cui cura 
suorum, quo Pietas auctore redit terrusque 
revisit, quern timet omne nefas ; V. S. ii. 
90 sqq. (2) The other Pontia, to whom 
Juvenal more particularly alludes, was 
the wife of Drymis ; whose family took 
care to perpetuate her crime by the fol- 
lowing inscription on her tomb : pontia 

TITI PONTII FILIA HEIC SITA SVM QVAE 
DVOBV3 NATIS A ME VENENO CONSVMPTIS 
A VARITI A E OPVS MISERE MIHI MORTEM 
CONSCIVI. TV QV1SQIVS ES QVI HAC 
TRANSIS SI PIVS ES QVAESO A ME OCVLOS 

averte. It is not unprofitable to re- 
mark, that this wretched woman was 
driven to escape by self-murder from the 
reproaches of her own conscience. To 
one of these females, Martial addressed 
the following witty epigram : cum minis 
turdumve mihi quadramve placentae sive 
femur leporis sive quid his simile ; bucceU 
las misisse tuas te, Pontia, dicis : has ego 
nec miitam, Pontia, sed nec edam • VI. 
lxxv. G. PA. VS. HO. Id. II. xxxiv.6. 
PR. 

Feci is the word used by a culprit in 
pleading guilty ; asfecisse videtur are the 
words of the praetor in finding a person 
guilty. Mart. IX. xvi. 2. R. 



170 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Confiteor, puerisque meis aconita paravi, 
G40 Quae deprensa patent : facinus tamen ipsa peregi." 

Tune duos una saevissima vipera coena? 

Tune duos ? " Septem, si septem forte fuissent." 
Credamus tragicis, quidquid de Colchide torva 

Dicitur et Procne : nil contra conor. et illae 
645 Grandia monstra suis audebant temporibus ; sed 

Non propter numos. Minor admiratio summis 

Debetur monstris, quoties facit ira nocentem 

Hunc sexum et rabie jecur incendente feruntur 

Praecipites; ut saxa jugis abrupta, quibus mons 
650 Subtrahitur, clivoque latus pendente recedit. 

Illam ego non tulerim, quae computat et scelus ingens 

Sana facit. Spectant subeuntem fata mariti 

Alcestirn et, similis si permutatio detur, 



639. Aconita; see note on i. 158. 
PR. 

640. 1 Therefore it is bootless to deny 
the fact.' With qua: understand parri- 
cidia LU. or facinora. R. 

641 . The female viper is said to destroy 
the male, and to be destroyed by her own 
young. Plin. viii. SCH. Id. x. 62. Arist. 
H. A.v. ult. PR. " Did you say all 1 
what, all? oh, hell-kite! all? At one 
fell swoop?" Shaksp. Macb. IV. iii. 

642. Tune duos? One of the lawyers 
in the trial of the Regicides, after assail- 
ing the prisoner at the bar with a volley 
of invectives, adds bitterly " For I thou 
thee, thou traitor !" 

Cf. Senec. 952 sqq. R. 

643. Tragicis ; Sophocles, Euripides, 
and Seneca. PR. Apollod. I. ix. 28. III. 
xiv. 8. Virg. E. vi. 79. HY. 

' Medea,' the daughter of /Eetes king 
of Colchis and the wife of Jason, de- 
stroyed her children when her husband 
forsook her for Glauce. Just. xlii. Diodor. 
v. 3. Eur. and Sen. Med. Ov. M. vii. 1 
sqq. PR. R. 

644. Procne, the daughter of Pandion 
king of Athens, and wife of Tereus king 
of Thrace, slew Itys her son and served 
him up to his father's table, in revenge 
for the violence ofFeied by Tereus to her 
sister Philomela. LU. Ov. Met. vi. 424 
sqq. PR. R. 

' I have nothing to say against the 
credibility of those stories, after w hat we 
have witnessed in our own days.' 



645. Grandia monstra, and sninma 
monstra, 646 sq. see note on 286. R. 

646. ' Not for filthy lucre,' and, con- 
sequently, in cold blood. 

617. Ant amat aut odit fcmina, nil est 
tertium ; P. Syrus. LU. See note on 
135. M. nolum,furens quid Jem ina possit ; 
Virg. /E. v. 6. Cic. Off. i. 8 extr. Sen. 
Med. 579 sqq. Hor. I Od. xvi. 5 sqq. 
R. 

648. Jecur ; see note on i. 45. R. 

649. Furor iraque mentem pracipitant ; 
Virg. JE. ii. 316. 

650. Cf. Horn. II. N 137 sqq. Virg. 
M. xii. 684—689. (HY.) R. note on iii. 
258. 

651. ' Who calculates.' permultum 
interest utrnm perturbatione aliqua animi, 
qua: pier unique brevis est et ad tempus ; an 
co>itulto et cogitato fiat injuria: leviora 
enim sunt ea qua: repentinoaliquo melu acci- 
dunt, quam ea quce medilata et praparala 
inferuntur ; Cic. Off. i. 27 1 PR. nemo ad 
humanum sanguinem propter ipsum venit 
aut admodum pauci : plures computant, 
quam oderunt : nudtim latro transmittit ; 
Sen. Ep. 14. R. 

652. 1 In her right mind :' see note 
on ii. 18. R. 

653. When the oracle declared, that 
Admetus king of Thessaly wold not re- 
cover from a dangerous illness, unless 
some one were found who would volun- 
teer to die in his stead ; no one else came 
forward, and therefore his wife Alcestis, 
daughter of Pelias king of Thessaly, de- 



SAT. VI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



171 



Morte viri cupiant animam servare catellaa. 
655 Occurrent multae tibi Belides atque Eriphylaa 

Mane : Clytaemnestram nullus non vicus habebit. 

Hoc tantum refert, quod Tyndaris ilia bipennem 

Insulsam et fatuam dextra laevaque tenebat. 

At nunc res agitur tenui pulmone rubetae ; 
660 Sed tamen et ferro, si praegustabit Atrides 

Pontica ter victi cautus medicamina regis. 



voted her own life for the preservation of 
her husband. Diod. v. SCH. Apoll. I. ix. 
15. R. Plat. D. de Am. Eurip. Ale. 
Cic. T. Q. v. 78. PR. cf. Hor. Ill Od. 
ix. 1 1 sq. 15 sq. 

654. ' If they had a like option, they 
would sacrifice their husbands to save their 
lap-dogs.' LU. 

655. Danaus and iEgyptus, the two 
sons of Belus, had each of them fifty 
children ; those of Dauaus were all 
daughters and those of iEgyptus sons. 
These cousins were all married in one 
day ; and the Danaides, that same night, 
slew their husbands (excepting Hyper- 
mnestra who spared Lynceus) and were 
condemned, after death, to draw water 
from the infernal streams in perforated 
buckets. Ov. M. iv. 461 sq. LU. PR. 
Hor. Ill Od. xi. 22sqq. (ML) M. Hyg. 
f. 170. Ov. Her. xiv. Apoll. II. i. 4. and 
Tib. I. iii. 79. (HY.) R. 

Eriphyle, the daughter of Talaus and 
sister of Adiastus, was the wife of Am- 
phiaraus; who, aware (from his skill in 
prophecy) that he should fall if he went 
to the Theban war, concealed himself. 
Eriphyle, however, discovered her hus- 
band to Polynices for the bribe of a gold 
necklace : and, in the war of the Epigoni, 
she in like manner (for the sake of a 
handsome robe) betrayed her son Alc- 
mzeon to Thersander. concidit auguris 
Argivi domus, ob lucrum demersa eiitio; 
Hor. Ill Od. xvi. 11 sqq. (ML) PR. 
LU. Ath. vi. 4. Apoll. III. vi. 2. vii. 2. 5. 
(HY.) R. 

656. Occurrent mane ; see v. 54. notes 
on vi. 572. and 601. R. 

Clytamnestra, the daughter of Tyn- 
darus and Leda, was living in adultery 
with iEgisthus, when the expedition re- 



turned from Troy. At the instigation of 
her paramour she slew her husband Aga- 
memnon in the bath-room with an axe. 
VS. PR. 

657. Securi divhit medium fortisbima 
Tyndaridarum ; Hor. I S. i. 99 sq. M. 
" But here the difference lies ; those 
bungling wives With a blunt axe hack'd 
out their husband's lives: While now, 
the deed is done with dextrous art, And 
a drugg'd bowl performs the axe's part. 
Yet if the husband, prescient of his fate, 
Have fortified his breast with mithridate, 
She baffles him e'en there, and has re- 
course To the old weapon, for a last 
resource." G. 

658. The epithets belong as much to 
the agent as to the instrument. R. 

659. ' The business is settled.' FA. 
' A toad ;' see note on i. 70. PR. 

660. ' Not but what a Roman Tyn- 
daris could handle a sword upon a pinch.' 
FA. 

' Her Atrides,' i. e. ' her lord and 
master.' FA. 

661. ' So wary as to fortify himself 
against the effects of poison with the 
antidote of Mithridates,' king of Pontus; 
who was vanquished the first time by the 
good fortune of Sylla, the second time by 
the valour of Lucullus, the third time by 
the greatness of Pompey. Plin. xxiii. 24. 
FA. VS. Cic. pro L. Man. PR. 

Pontus was famous for its poisonous 
drugs : Virg. E. viii. 95. PR. 

' Drugs.' Plin. xxiii. 7 — 9. xxv. 2. 
xxix. 1. Gell. xvii. 16. Mart. V. lxxvii. 
PR. cf. xiv. 252 sqq. App. B. Mith. 
109 sqq. Dio xxxvii. 10 sqq. Seren. 
Samm. 60. 62. Cels. v. 23. Galen de 
Antid. ii. 1 sq. R. 



V 



SATIRE VII. 



ARGUMENT. 

This Satire was probably written in the early part of Domitian's reign. 
It contains an animated account of the general discouragement under 
which literature laboured at Rome. Men of learning had, in fact, none 
but the Emperor, to whom they could look for patronage. 1 — 37- 

Beginning with P o e tr y, 30 sqq. it proceeds with great regularity through 
the various departments of History, 98 sqq. Law, 1 06 sqq. Oratory, 
Rhetoric, 150 sqq. and Grammar: 215 sqq. interspersing many 
curious anecdotes, and enlivening each different head with such satirical, 
humorous, and sentimental remarks, as naturally flow from the subject. G. 

As for Poetry; many of the rich nobles were poetasters themselves, and 
rewarded a poem with a song : 38 sq. the utmost stretch of their muni- 
ficence was to lend a tumble-down out-house, for the Poet to fit up for 
his own recitation. 39 — 49. But poetry and poverty can never 
flourish in the same soil. 50 — 9/. 

As for Law; the only artifice by which Lawyers could get into practice, 
was by pretending to be above the want of it ; even though such trickery 
often ruined them outright. 106 — 149. 

But none were more to be pitied than the poor drudges who had to keep 
school. 150 sqq. They, after wasting their time upon dunces, 159 sqq. 
and suffering the pranks of incorrigible boys, 213 sq. got nothing but 
blame that their pupils did not prove paragons of genius and gentility. 
158 sq. The education of children seemed the only point in which 
parents were niggardly : 178 — 188. and even the little which they spent 
on this, they would not part with, till wrested from them by legal pro- 
cess. 228 sq. And the Grammarian, unless he were a thorough pro- 
ficient in philology, history, mythology, &c. &c. would never have a 
single day-scholar, 229 — 243. R. 



sat. vii. THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. 



173 



Et spes et ratio studiorum in Csesare tantum : 
Solus enim tristes hac tempestate Camenas 
Respexit, quum jam celebres notique poetae 
Balneolum Gabiis, Romae conducere furnos 
5 Tentarent, nec fcedum alii nec turpe putarent 
Prsecones fieri, quum, desertis Aganippes 



1. * Whatever hopes of reward or 
motives for study literary men may have, 
are entirely owing to Caesar.' Which of 
the Caesars is here meant, is a matter of 
controversy: (1) Nero. (2) Titus. (3) 
Trajan; who built the Ulpian library: 
Plin. Pan. 47. BRI. GR. R. (4) Ha- 
drian : Spartian, 3. 16. R. (5) Nerva : 
Mart. VIII. lxx. IX. xxvii. XII. vi. but 
he, though a poet himself, was little dis- 
posed to pationise poetry in others. (6) 
Domitian ; VS. LU. SA. GRM. who, 
whatever vices he had, was a patron of 
the Muses, FA. especially in the com- 
mencement of his reign. Suet. 9. quo nec 
prcesentius aliquid nec studiis magis 
propitium numen est ; Quint. Pr. IV". PR. 
Quintilian, Martial, Statius, Flaccus, 
and other learned men, tasted of his 
bounty, M. and sang his praises with 
more gratitude, perhaps, than truth. 
This dutiful prince had once an idea of 
contesting the empire with his father : 
finding the armies, however, averse to 
his designs, he retired from all public 
business, and with a specious appearance 
of content, lived in a kind of solitude : 
pretending that poetry, and literary pur- 
suits in general, were his only passion. 
This mask he continued to wear during 
the reign of Titus ; and whether it was 
that habit begot a kind of nature, or that 
he thought it dangerous to lay aside the 
hypocrite too soon, he did certainly pa- 
tronise the arts at his accession. That 
he afterwards changed his sentiments, 
and fell suddenly upon men of letters, is 
equally certain : but this may be readily 
accounted for, from his disposition, which 
was at once crafty and violent ; as repre- 
sented by Xiphilin, lxvii. init. Accord- 
ing to the custom of the emperors in 
selecting some favourite deity for their 
worship, Domitian made choice of Mi- 
nerva. His attachment to this goddess 
is frequently noticed by Juvenal's con- 
temporaries. Thus Martial, in that de- 
testable medley of flattery and im- 



piety, IX. iv. Pall ad a pratereo: res 
agit ilia tuas) 10. Suet. 15. Mas- 
singer in his Roman Actor has several in- 
genious and truly classical allusions to 
the reliance which the tyrant fondly 
placed on the partiality of this deity. 
A Pallas very generally accompanies 
Domitian on the reverse of his coins : 
Beger. Numism. xxxii. 4. And we learn 
from a passage of Philostrates, that the 
emperor publicly declared himself to be 
the son of Pallas, and required accord- 
ingly that divine honours should be paid 
to him. Vit. Apoll. vii. 24. Plin. Pan. 
xxxiii. 4. This satire would appear to 
have been written in the early part of 
Domitian's reign ; and Juvenal, by giving 
the emperor " one honest line" of praise, 
probably meant to stimulate him to extend 
his patronage. He did not think very ill 
of him at the time, while he augured 
happily for the future. And, indeed, the 
bitter mortification he felt at finding his 
predictions falsified, and his ' sole patron 
of literature' changed, in a few years, 
into a ferocious and bloody persecutor of 
all the arts, might have exasperated his 
resentment, and generated that intense 
hatred with which he pursues his me- 
mory. G. CAR, L. ix. p. 215—217. 

3. Respexit ; Virg. E. i. 28. 30. PR. 

4. ' A small bagnio.' M. The dimi- 
nutive is used in aggravation. R. 

' At Gabii' of all places in the world ! 
See iii. 192. and vi. 56. PR. 

Conducere, iii. 38 &c. 

' Public ovens,' VS. so as not to starve 
either with hunger or with cold. LU. 
qui frigus collegit, f ur n o s et balnea 
laudat; Hor. I Ep. xi. 12 sq. GR. 

5. Tentarent; any thing, in short, to 
turn an honest penny. See the account 
of Cleanthes, note on ii. 7. and D. Laert. 
vii. PR. 

6. The occupation of a public crier, 
though ungenteel, was lucrative : artes 
discere vult pecuniosas ? praeconem 
facias vel architectnm ; Mart. V. lvi. 8. 



174 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VII. 



Vallibus, esuriens migraret in atria Clio. 
Nam, si Pieria quadrans tibi nullus in umbra 
Ostendatur, ames nomen victumque Machaerae 

10 Et vendas potius, commissa quod auctio vendit 
Stantibus, cenophorum, tripodas, armaria, cistas, 
Alcyonem Pacci, Thebas et Terea Fausti. 
Hoc satius, quam si dicas sub judice " Vidi," 
Quod non vidisti. Faciant equites Asiani 

15 Quamquam et Cappadoces faciant equitesque Bithyni, 



11. LU. VI. viii. 5. Theoph. Cb. vi. 
(CAS.) R. iii. 157. M. 

Aganippe a fountain of Helicon in 
Bceotia sacred to the Muses ; or that from 
which the river Permessus takes its rise. 
Call. t. i. p. 560. VS. Virg. E. x. 11 sq. 
(SV.) Paus. Bceot. xxix. Prop. II. x. 
25 sq. R. 

7. Atria (1) ' The Licinian Courts' 
and others near the forum were the 
places in which auctions were held : T. 
ab atriis Liciniis atqne a prteconum con- 
semi ; Cic. for Quint. 12. 25. ut in atriis 
auctionariis potius quam in triviis et com- 
pitis avctionentur ; Id. i. in Rull. 7. PR. 
or (2) ' The antechambers of the great.' 
BA. cf. 91. i. 95 sq. Hor. I Ep. v. 31. 
Mait. I. lxxi. 12 &c. III. xxxviii. 11 sq. 
R. See also v. 37. 

Clio (from xXios ' renown'), ' the epic 
muse,' is here put for 1 the poor poet.' LU. 

8. Pieria ; iv. 36. PR. cf. 6. 58 sqq. 
Hor. II Od. i. 39. Ill Od. iv. 40. R. 

Quadrans; i. 121. vi. 447. PR. see 
note on i. 40. which will show wby it was 
called teruncius. R. 

9. Maclucra is generally supposed to 
bave been a famous crier of that time. LU. 

10. Commissa (1) 'by commission' 
from the magistrate or from the owners 
of the property : (cf. ix. 93—96. M.) 
Or (2) in which the bidders are ' pitted 
against each other :' BR. cf. i. 163, 
note. M. 

Auctio so called from the price being 
augmented by each bidding. BR. 

11. (Enophorum; vi. 426. R. 
Tripodas, ' tables, seats, vases, or 

cauldrons' supported by three feet. 
See note on Her. viii. 82. 

12. Alcyone, Theboe, and Tereus are the 
names of three miserable poems, probably 
tragedies ; VS. which were sold among 
other lumber. M. cf. i. 2 sqq. 52 sqq. 

The story of Alcyone and Ceyx her 



husband, who were both transformed 
into birds, occurs in Ov. M. xi. 270 sqq. 
544 sqq. LU. Apoll. I. vii. 4. 9. III. 
x. 1. (HY.) R. 

Of Paccius nothing further is known. 
The variety of reading in these lines is of 
little consequence. For, luckily, the 
works of these poets did not long survive 
(it may be, preceded) them ; or, to bor- 
row the felicitous expression of a lady la- 
menting the premature fate of her infant,, 
" Their babes, which ne'er received the 
gift of breath, Did pass before them 
through the gates of death !" G. 

The family of the Lubdacidce, who 
reigned at ' Thebes,' afforded inexhausti- 
ble themes for tragedy. LU. 

Tereus; vi. 644, note. PR. 

Faust us may be the same person as 
Martial ridicules ; XI. Ixiv. R. 

13. ' It is better thus to get an honest 
livelihood, than by perjury to amass an 
equestrian fortune, as rascally foreigners 
do.' PR. 

Sub judice ; iv. 12. xvi. 29. R. 

14. * Now knights, once slaves.' LU. 
Pers. v. 79. PR. Petron. 29. 63. R. 
Or ' needy foreigners, who flock to Rome, 
in order to make their fortunes by their 
wits, and wear gold rings in order to pass 
for knights.' ACH. 

' Asiatic:' cf. iii. 58— 122. Mart. X. 
Ixxvi. R. 

15. Cappadocia was a country of Asia 
Minor, between Galatia and Armenia. 
PR. r^'ia. xa.<?r<7ra, xuxiffra. K^JJrej, Kacr- 
sradoxts, Kikixt;' Suid. LU. Minoris 
Asia populis nulla Jides est adhibenda ; 
Cic. for Flac. cf. Titus i. 12. M. This 
people (according to the Scholiast on 
Pers. vi. 77.) were from their infancy 
habituated to the torture, so as to be well 
trained for false witnesses. R. 

R^/ii/;iia,anothercountryof Asia Minor, 
between Phrygia and the Bosporus. PR. 



SAT. VII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



175 



Altera quos nudo traducit Gallia talo. 
Nemo tamen studiis indignum ferre laborem 
Cogetur posthac, nectit quicumque canoris 
Eloquium vocale modis laurumque momordit. 

20 Hoc agite, O juvenes : circumspicit et stimulat vos 
Materiamque sibi Ducis indulgentia quserit. 
Si qua aliunde putas rerum exspectanda tuarum 
Praesidia atque ideo croceae membrana tabellae 
Impletur ; lignorum aliquid posce ocius et, quae 

25 Componis, dona Veneris, Thelesine, marito 
Aut claude et positos tinea pertunde libellos. 



16. ' The other Gaul' i. e. Galatia or 
Gallogracia ; VS. Flor. ii. 11. LU. 

' Barefooted;' cf. i. 111. PR. Claud, 
xviii. 35 sqq, and Pers. vi. 77. K. Or 
' so poor that they had not a shoe to their 
feet.' M. 

' Transplants,' M. ' transports.' LU. 

18. 19. A periphrasis for ' a good 
poet.' VS. numeris nectere verba ; Ov. 
Pont. IV. ii. 30. Quint. VIII. iii. 
16. R. 

19. Bards were called ^cupv/itpdyor 
Lyeoph. (ME.) Sophocl. from their 
• chewing the bay,' by which they fancied 
themselves to become inspired. GR. FA. 
Hor. Ill Od. xxx. 16. (BY.) Call. H. 
Del. 94. (SP.) Tib. II. v. 65. Theoph. 
Ch. xvi. 1. (CAS.) R. 

20. Hoc agite! 48. This expression is 
familiar in Terence ; Eun. I. ii. 19. 50. 
II. iii. 55. And. I. ii. 15. II. v. 5. III. 
v. 8. &c. M. R, It calls the attention 
of those addressed to the matter in hand ; 
it was the form used in solemn rites, 
GY. and uttered by the ciier when 
a magistrate was sacrificing or taking 
auspices. GR. BR. Like the admonition 
of the bedel to the candidates, in the 
ceremonial of conferring ordinary De- 
grees at Oxford, " You will all attend, 
Gentlemen !" 

21. Dux is used as synonymous with 
Imperator ; ii. 104. iv. 145. R. see note 
on ffT{>a,rYiyo's ■ Her. v. 38. 

22. • From any other quarter than 
from Caesar.' VS. 

23. (1) ' The skins' on which they 
wrote were white within, and ' yellow' 
on the back where the hairs of the 
animal grew: liber et bicolor positis 
membrana capillis; Pers. iii. 10. (CAS.) 
SCH. (2) When the book was made up 



into a volume, a small piece of ' co- 
loured parchment, was pasted on the 
outside, which served not only as a cover, 
but as a label to the work when it was 
placed in the bookcase. Cat. p. m. 52 
sqq. (VO.) Tib. III. i. 9 sqq. (HY.) 
PTR. (RA.) (3) They also used to 
rub the skins, when filled, with oil of 
cedar or citron to preserve them from 
moths and worms. (RA.) Plin. xiii. 13. 
(HA.) Ov. Tr. I. i. 5. (H.) R. (4) 
Many of their books were made up into 
leaves and pages, like ours, and put into 
cedar boards : see 100. ' A book bound 
in yellow Morocco.' ACH. cf. i. 5 sq. 

24. Ocius; ovh, av (ptfctvois ulruv see 
note on Her. vii. 162. 

25. ' The husband of Venus,' [o ctvbg 
o rtj; YLvQ'h^ns' Anacr. xlv. 1.] for ' Vul- 
can, 5 and that for ' the fire.' LU. quo 
ambulas tu, qui Vulcanum in cornu con- 
clusum geris? * Where are you going 
with your horn lanthern?' Plaut. Amph. 
I. i. PR. puella Veneri vovit, poetce scripta 
t ardipedi deo daturam, infelicibus us- 
tulanda lignis ; Cat. xxxvi. 1 &c. ilia 
velim rapida Vulcanu s carmina flamma 
tarreat; Tib. I. ix. 49 sq. R. Thus 
Ceres is used for ' corn,' Bacchus 
for 'wine,' Neptune for 'the sea,' 
J u p i t e r for ' the air,' Mars for ' war,' 
&c. cf. also Hor. I Od. xxv. 19 sq. xxvi. 
2 sq. [Her. vii, 141 n. 100. ED.] 

Thelesinas may be the poet to whom 
this satire is addressed : LU. perhaps the 
same person as mentioned Mart. III. 
xl. VI. 1. XII. xxv. R. 

26. ' Perforate with the worm,' i. e. 
' leave them for the book-worm to de- 
vour.' SCH. Mart. XI. i. 14. XIV. 
xxxvii. 2. Hor. II S. iii. 119. I Ep. xx. 
12. Ov. Pont. I. i. 72. R. 



176 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VII. 



Frange miser calamos vigilataque proelia dele, 
Qui facis in parva sublimia carmina cella, 
Ut dignus venias hederis et imagine macra. 

30 Spes nulla ulterior : didicit jam dives avarus 
Tantum admirari, tantum laudare disertos, 
Ut pueri Junonis avem. Sed defluit aetas 
Et pelagi patiens et cassidis atque ligonis. 
Tsedia tunc subeunt animos, tunc seque suamque 

35 Terpsichoren odit facunda et nuda senectus. 



27. Frange leves calamos et bcinde, 
Thalia, libeltos ; Mart. IX. lxxiv. 9. PR. 

frange, puer, calamos et inanes desere 
Musa>; Calp. iv. 23. R. 

Vigilata ' which have cost you many a 
sleepless night.' M. Ov. F. iv. 109. ( H.) 
Virg. G. i. 313. (BU.) Stat. Th. xii. 
811. (B.) thus, tnulto labore sudatum 
thoraca ; Sil. iv. 434. R. 

Either (1) ' destroy' with the flames, 
or (2) * obliterate' with the blunt upper 
end of the style, while they are still on 
the waxen tablet and not yet transferred 
to the parchment, or (3) 1 erase' with 
pumice-stone, after they have been copied 
out fairly : the parchments were then 
called tret\ifA^tifra. PTR. (RA.) Cic. 
ad Div. iv. 47. vii. 18. Mart. XIV. vii. 
Cat. xxii. 5. It. 

28. " Who rack your brains In garrets, 
cocklofts, for heroic strains." G. Mart. 
III. xlviii. 1. VII. xix. 21. See note on 
iii. 199. R. quosfamce vigilare juvat ; Ov. 
A. A. iii. 413. 

29. Venias; Ov. Her. iv. 113. F. v. 
648. (H.) Prop. I. v. 32. (VU. PAS.) 
Virg. M. v. 344. vii. 470. and Tib. I. 
ii. 76. (HY.) R. See note on ii. 83. 

Poets were crowned not only with bay, 
but with « ivy:' Virg. E. vii. 25. PR. 
doctartnn hedercc prcernia frontium ; Hor. 
I Od. i. 29. because the Muses were the 
companions not only of Apollo, but of 
Bacchus. R. cf. Mart. VIII. Ixxxii. Ov. 
A. A. quoted in the note on 105. 

Private libraries were adorned with the 
statues of men of learning and genius : 
notes on ii. 4 sqq. JR. and the busts of 
eminent writers were often placed, to- 
gether with their works, in the temple 
of the Palatine Apollo. PR. <rr'i<pavov f*h 
t%ct>v ctuov. ^/■vi'jj V uvroXaX&f Arist. Eq. 
532. This passage gave Jonson a tran- 
sient fit of enthusiasm : " I that spend 
half my nights, and half my days, Here 



in a cell, to get a dark pale face, To 
come forth worth the ivy or the bays, 
And in this age can hope no other grace — 
Leave me ! there's something come into 
my thought, That must and shall be sung 
high and aloof. Safe from the wolf's 
black jaw, and the dull ass's hoof!" G. 

A ' meagre' recompense for all the 
pains it costs to obtain it; and as ' lank 
and lean' as its half-starved prototype. 
SCA. cf. Pers. pr. 5. (K.) PR. An 
equivoque. 

31. "To praise and only praise." 
This is prettily imitated by Spenser: 
" So praysen babes the peacock's spotted 
traine, And wondren at bright Argus' 
blazing eye : But who rewards him ere 
the more forthy 1 Or feedes him once the 
fuller by a grainel" Shep. Cal. iEgl. x. 
31 sq. And Randolph, who had Spenser 
as well as Juvenal in his mind: " The 
plowman is rewarded ; only we That 
sing, are paid with our own melody : Rich 
chuiles have learnt to praise us, and ad- 
mire, But have not learnt to think us 
worth the hire. So when great Juno's 
beauteous bird displaies Her starry tail, 
the boyes do run and gaze At her proud 
train ;" Poems p. 78. G. 

32. « The bird of Juno.' vi. 526, note. 
Argi centum oculus nox occupat una: ex- 
cipit hos volucrisque suce Satvrnia pennis 
collocat et gemmis caudam siellantibus im- 
plet; Ov. M. i. 721 sqq. So far are 
boys from giving any thing to the pea- 
cock, that they rather would rob him of 
his fine feathers. PR. 

' Is gliding away, insensibly but en- 
tirely.' Hor. I Ep. i. 42. 

33. Patiens rei means ' able to bear 
the fatigue attendant on a thing.' Hor. I 
Od. viii. 4. ML 

' A sea-faring, a military, or an agri- 
cultural life.' R. cf. St Luke xvi. 3. 
35. Terpsichore (ri^tg and '■> 



> 



SAT. VII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



177 



Accipe nunc artes, ne quid tibi conferat iste, 
Quem colis, et Musarum et Apollinis aede relicta. 
Ipse facit versus atque uni cedit Homero 
Propter mille annos, aut, si dulcedine famse 



4 his lyric muse.' PR. M. Nuda seneclus ; 
iv. 49. 81. Ov. Her. ix. 154. R. Bassus 
(40. 80.) is probably here alluded to, as 
Quintilian observes that he had a fervid 
genius, the warmth of which was not 
chilled by age : x. 1. PR. " Passa 
la gioventude, e Core andate ; La vec- 
chiezza, mendica di sostanza, Bestemmia 
poi delta perdute etate;" S. Rosa Sat. 
ii. G. 

36. " Hear now what sneaking ways 
your patrons find To save their darling 
gold." The Bufo of Pope is shadowed 
out in part from this animated passage : 
" Till grown more frugal in his riper 
days, He paid some bards with port, and 
some with praise ; To some a dry re- 
hearsal was assign'd, And others, harder 
still ! he paid in kind." There is a 
very good story told by Macrobius, 
which will not be much out of the 
way here. A Greek poet had presented 
Augustus Caesar with many little com- 
pliments, in hopes of some trifling re- 
muneration. The emperor, who found 
them worth nothing, took no notice of 
the poor man, but as he persisted in 
offering him his adulatory verses, com- 
posed himself an epigram in praise of 
the poet ; and when he next waited on 
him with his customary panegyric, pre- 
sented his own to him with amazing 
gravity. The man took and read it with 
apparent satisfaction ; then putting his 
hand into his pocket, he deliberately 
drew out two farthings and gave them 
to the Emperor, saying, ov xucra, rhv rv%w, 
4> ertficcffri' u TtXtlova tl%ov, vketova av kou 
Wihow" " This is not equal to the demands 
of your situation, Sire ; but 'tis all I have : 
if I had more I would give it you." 
Augustus, who was not an illnatured 
man, could not resist this ; he burst into 
a fit of laughter, and, as Macrobius says, 
made the poet a handsome present, ii. 4. 
In allusion to this passage the Italians 
relate that Pius the third, on being pre- 
sented with a panegyric in verse, by one 
whoexpected a pecuniary return, gave him 
the following distich : "Ducite pro numeris 
numeros sperare, poetce, mutare est animus 
carmina, non emere." To which the other 
instantly replied : Si tibi pro numeris 

2 



numeros Fortuna dedisset, non esset capiti 
tanta corona tuo." It must be confessed 
that the Pope and his friend make but a 
sorry figure by the side of Augustus 
and his Greek poet; who surpass 
them as much in genuine humour, 
as in urbanity and good breeding. G. 
' The temple of the Muses' (or rather of 
Hercules Musagetes) was dedicated by 
Fulvius Nobilior and restored by Mar- 
cius Philippus ; that of Apollo was built 
by Augustus in the Palatium. These 
edifices were used both as libraries and 
as rooms where men of letters might as- 
semble for the purpose of conversation or 
recitation. Plin. xxxv. 10. and Suet. Aug. 
29. (BU. ER.) Pers. pr. 7. (K.) Hor. I 
S. x. 38. and II Ep. iii. 387. (WIE.) ii. 
92 sqq. (BY.) I Ep. iii. 17. BRL LU. 
PR. M. R. Callistratum Demosthenes, 
Ac ademia cum Platone relicta, 
sectatus est; Ammian. xxx. 4. is imi- 
tated from this passage. HR. see note 
on 7. 

Mde ' the temple ;' cedes, 40. • a pri- 
vate house :' note on iii. 31. R. 

38. ' Yields' in his own conceit. T,L 
This whole passage ridicules the absurd 
itch for writing which pervaded all classes, 
cf. i. 1 sqq. R. 

' Homer ;' vi. 436. PR. 

39. He judges of wit, as of wine, by 
its a g e : as though Homer had little else, 
save his antiquity, to recommend him. cf. 
Hor. II Ep. i. 18 sqq. LU. An opinion 
which Horace justly explodes. R. 

' A thousand years' in round numbers, 
cf. Veil. P. i. 5. and SA, p. 866. R. 
Homer lived about 160 years before the 
building of Rome; VS. and in A. U. 
840 (= 1000 years) Juvenal would be 
between forty and fifty. 

* If you are particularly anxious to 
recite your poems, and will be contented 
with empty fame, without any more sub- 
stantial marks of approbation, he will ac- 
commodate you with a large empty room, 
painted with damp, and tapestried with 
cobwebs.' Plin. H. N. xi. 24 s 28. Horn. 
Od. n 35. (CK.) Prop. III. iv. 33. 
(BK.) Anth. Lat. t. ii. p. 564. (BU.) 
Tib. I. x. 49. (HY.) Cat. xiii. 8. and 
lxviii. 49. (D(E.) Anth. Gr. i. 1. p. 282. 



178 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VII. 



40 Succensus recites, maculosas commodat sedes. 
Hsec longe ferrata domus servire jubetur, 
In qua sollicitas imitatur janua portas. 
Scit dare libertos extrema in parte sedentes 
Ordinis et magnas comitum disponere voces. 

45 Nemo dabit regum, quanti subsellia constent 
Et quae conducto pendent anabathra tigillo 
Quaeque reportandis posita est orchestra cathedris. 
Nos tamen hoc agimus tenuique in pulvere sulcos 
Ducimus et litus sterili versamus aratro. 

50 Nam si discedas, laqueo tenet ambitiosi 
Consuetudo mali : tenet insanabile multos 
Scribendi cacoethes et aagro in corde senescit. 



(J A.) Diatr. on Eur. fr. p. 169. (VK.) 
Ml. 

40. Recites : on this custom see Pers. 
i. 15 sqq. PR. notes on i. 1. 12 sq. R. 
Of Saleius Bassus the poet {v. 80.), 
Tacitus (if he be the author) says : 
qaum toto anno, per omnes dies, magna 
noctium parte, unum librum extudit et 
elucnbravit, rogare ultro et ambire cogitur , 
ut sint, qui dignentur audire ; et ne id 
quidem gratis : nam et domum mxituatur, 
et auditorium exstruit, et subsellia con- 
ducit, et libellos dispergit ; et ut beatissi- 
mus recitationum ejus eventus prosequatur , 
omnis ilia laus intra unum aut alterum 
diem, velut in herba vel Jlore prcecepta, ad 
nullum certam et soliclam pervenit frugem, 
nec aut amicitiam inde refert, aut eliente- 
lam, aut mansurum in animo cujusquam 
beneficium, sed clamorem vagum et voces 
inanes et gaudium volucre ; D. de Or. 9. 
R. 

41. 'A house that has been long 
untenanted." R. 

' To be at your service.' R. 

42. ' Whose portals, bolted and barred, 
resemble the gates of a besieged town.' 
LU. 

43. ' He packs his freedmen in the 
back rows, that they may give the cue, 
unobserved, to frequent plaudits.' R. 

44. ' His clients (i. 46. iii. 47. 284. 
vii. 142.) he distributes over the benches, 
that their loud cheers of admiration may 
come from all parts of the room, as often 
as the leader of their bands gives the pre- 
concerted signal.' Plin. Ep. ii. 14. R. 

45. Regum; i. 136. R. 



On these occasions three kinds of seats 
were used : (1) subsellia ' the benches in 
the body of the room ;' (2) anabathra 
' the rising seats ranged against the walls 
of the apartment ;' (3) cathedra ' chairs, 
for the better sort of company, in front of 
the benches, and immediately before the 
stage from which the reciter spoke.' LI. 

46. Pendent 4 rise above the floor.' cf. 
xi. 107. Sil. ii. 128. vi. 645. R. 

47. The chairs, being merely hired for 
the occasion, were ' to be carried back' 
and paid for, as soon as done with. LU. 
PR. 

Orchestra; iii. 178. PR. 

48. ' We are busily intent upon our 
unprofitable task.' SCH. cf. 20. M. i. 17 
sq. R. 

' To sow seeds on the sands' and ' to 
plow the seashore' were proverbs to ex- 
press ' labour in vain.' E. quid arence 
semina mandas? non profecturis litora 
bubusaras; Ov. Her. v. 115 sq. SCH. 
cf. i. 157, note. M. 

49. ' Sterile,' i. e. without the prospect 
of any return for our trouble. 203. xii. 
97. Mart. I. Ixxvii. 14. X. xviii. 3. R. 

Vertere ' to turn,' versare ' to keep 
turning.' 

50. ' If you try to draw off.' PR. 

* Holds enchained.' cf. xiii. 239 sqq. R. 

' V"ain-glorious;' ambitiosa pauper- 
tas; iii. 182. Li v. xlv. 36, 8. (GRO.) 
Quint. I ii. 22. (SPA.) R. 

51. 1 Custom,' which is second nature. 
seu stupor huic studio, sive est insania 
nomen; Ov.ITr.xi.il. PO. 

52. " The insatiate itch of scribbling 



SAT. VII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



179 



Sed vatem egregium, cui non sit publica vena, 
Qui nihil expositum soleat deducere nec qui 

55 Communi feriat carmen triviale moneta, 

Hunc, qualem nequeo monstrare et sentio tantum, 
Anxietate carens animus facit, omnis acerbi 
Impatiens, cupidus silvarum aptusque bibendis 
Fontibus Aonidum. Neque enim cantare sub antro 

60 Pierio thyrsumve potest contingere sana 

Paupertas atque seris inops, quo nocte dieque 



Creeps, like a tetter, through the human 
breast, Nor knows, nor hopes, a cure." 
G. xuKovfcs was, properly, a kind of 
ulcer, very difficult to cure. Cels. v. 28, 2. 
Plin. xxii. 25. PR. Id. xxiv. 3. 10. 
ffr'i^ai rnv v'cffoveb ^vvxjtar Pallad.xv. 4. 
tanta jneo comes est insaniu morbo ; Ov. 
Tr. ii. 15. R. 

JEgro ' distempered.' M. LU. 

Corde ; i. 45. R. 

53. Ingenium cui sit, cui mens divinior, 
atque os magna sonaturum, des nominis 
hujus honorem ; Hor. I S. iv. 43 sq. PR. 
yavifAov ^£ Tiiyjrnv ecv ob^ tvgoi; 'in, £n<ruv 
at, tens friy.BC ytitalov Xc&xef Arist. K. 
96 sq. FA. Poetu nascitur, non Jit ; there- 
fore it is absurd for any one to attempt to 
turn poet for the sake of bread, cf. hi. 78. 
Hor. II Ep. ii. 51. Pers. pr. 8 sqq. 
(CAS.) An Augustus and a Mascenas 
are not to be met with in every age. 
62. R. 

* A poetical vein :' a metaphor from 
mining. R. ego nec studium sine divite 
vena, nec rude quid possit video ingenium ; 
Hor. A. P. 409 sqq. PR. 

54. Expositum ' vulgar.' Quint. II. v. 
19. (SPA.) X. v. 11. Stat. I S. ii. 24. 
Theb. ii. 188. R. 

' To spin out.' GR2E. 224. tenui de- 
ducta poemata Jib ; Hor. II Ep. i. 225. 
Ov. Tr. I. i. 39. Pont. I. v. 13. ttitrSmt 
aetidr Antip. Ep. Ixx. Tib. IV. i. 211. 
Pers. v. 5. (CAS.) R. cf. proferre and 
pro due ere ' to issue,' in Hor. A. P. 
58 sq. 

55. "He, from the glowing mint of 
fancy, pours No spurious metal, fused 
from common ores, But gold, to match- 
less purity refined, And stamp'd with all 
the godhead in his mind." G. 

Ferire ' to hit off.' M. 
Non tu in triviis, indocte, solebasstri. 
denti miserum stipula disperdere carmen ? 



Virg. E. iii. 26. PR. effugiendum est ab 
omni verborum vilitate, et sumendce voces a 
plebe summotce ; Petron. GR&. Cic. for 
Mur. 6. pr. cf. x. 22. Ov. Tr. IV. i. 5 
sqq. Calp. i. 28. (WE.) R. 

' Stamp.' Grcecas voces Latino moneta 
percutere; Apul. Ap. p. 298, 33. Sen. 
Ep. 34, extr. licebit signatum prssente 
nota producer e nomen ; Hor. A. P. 58 sq. 
(BY.) R. PR. 

57. Ov. Tr. v. 12. Hor. I Od. xxvi. 
1. R. 

58. ' Impatient of restraint ;' G. ' ex- 
empt from suffering.' J?. 

Carmina secessum scribentis et otia quce- 
runt ; Ov. I Tr. i. 41. scriptorum chorus 
omnis amat nemus etfugit urbes, rite cliens 
Bacchi somno gaudentis et umbra ; Hor. 
II Ep. ii. 77 sq. PR. Bacchum in remo- 
tis carmina rupibus vidi docenlem ; II Od. 
xix. 1 sq. (MI.) VS. me gelidum nemus 
secernit populo ; I Od. i. 30. 32. IV Od. 
iii. 10—12. cf. 8. Tac. de Or. 9 extr. R. 

59. ' Aonian Nymphs.' In Boeotia, 
(the mountainous part of which was 
called Aonia, M.) there were many spots 
sacred to the Muses ; LU. as Hippocrene, 
Helicon, Aganippe, cf. 6. PR. Pers. pr. 
1. (K.) Prop. II. viii. 19 sqq. R. Virg. 
E. vi. 65. 

60. ■ Pierian,' 8. FA. Hor. I Od. 
xxxii. 1. II Od. i. 39. Ill Od. iv. 40. 

(BY) R. 

The thyrsi were ' the spears of Bacchus 
and his votaries, enwreathed with vine- 
leaves and ivy.' PR. The blow of the 
god's wand was supposed to communicate 
inspiration ; and hence those thus inspired 
were called 6u^ffor\nyti . GR. see note 
on 58. 

Excludit sanos Helicone poetas Demo- 
critus; Hor. A. P. 296 sq. GR. 

61. Paupertas i. e. 4 a poor poet. 1 cf. 
53. R. 



180 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VII. 



Corpus eget : satur est, quum dicit Horatius evoe ! 
Quis locus ingenio, nisi quum se carmine solo 
Vexant et dominis Cirrhae Nysaeque feruntur 
65 Pectora nostra, duas non admittentia curas ? 
Magnse mentis opus nec de lodice paranda 
Adtonitae, currus et equos faciesque Deorum 
Adspicere et qualis Rutulum confundat Erinnys. 



Inops ; note on iii. 164. 

62. If Horace (see II S. ii. 49—54.) 
ever felt what it was to want, it was but 
for a short time. He was in affluent 
circumstances before the battle of Phi- 
lippi, arid three years after it, he was 
taken into the favour of Maecenas ; and 
his best poems were written subsequently 
to this period. His Odes were mostly 
composed later than his Satires. M. R. 

T.roc; Hor. II Od. xix. 5. 7. BRI. 
i&o7(from tu and ai) ; Virg. JE. vii. 389. 
Ov. M. iv. 522. cf. Eur. Ph. 660. B. 
141. (BAR.) Arist. Th. 999. (BOU.) 
Sidon. Ep. viii. 9. R.. 

63. Spenser had this passage in his 
thoughts, when he wrote the following 
noble lines : " The vaunted verse a va- 
cant head demaundes ; Ne wont with 
crabbed care the Muses dwell ; Un- 
wisely weaves, that takes two webbes in 
hand. Who ever casts to compasse 
wightie prise, And thinkes to throwe out 
thundring words of threat, Let powre in 
lavish cups, and thriftie bittes of meate, 
For Bacchus fruite is friend to Phcebus 
wise; And, when with wine the braine 
begins to sweat, The numbers flowe as 
fast as spring doth rise. Thou kenst not, 
Percie, how the rime should rage ; O if 
my temples were distain'd with wine, 
And girt in girlonds of wilde yvie twine, 
How I could reare the Muse on stately 
stage, And teach her tread aloft in buskin 
fine, With quaint Bellona in her equi- 
page !" Shep. Cal. ALg\. x. 100 sqq. G. 

64. Apollo and Bacchus were ' the 
lords' of Cirrha and Nysa : VS. of which 
the former was the sea-port of Delphi 
near the base of Parnassus, LU. Mart. 
I. lxxvii. the latter some mountain or city 
of the East ; but there were no less than 
eleven places of this name : Apoll. III. 
iv. 3. and Virg. JE. vi. 806. (HF.) R. 
Strab. xv. Diod. iv. 5. v. 1. Mart. IV. 
xliv. PR. from some one of which the 
god was called Dionysus. M. note on 
Her. iv. 87. 



Feruntur • vi. 315, note. 

65. 1 Two cares,' poetry and the pro- 
viding of necessaries. LU. 

66. Lodice ; vi. 195. R. 

67. ' Over anxious' LU. ' distracted' 
M. ' bewildered' 1 nervous.' 

In this and the following lines Juvenal 
alludes to various passages in Virgil, (to 
whom he was evidently very partial,) 
but chiefly to these two : (1) Divum 
inclementia, divum has evertit opes ster- 
nitque a culmine Trojam. ad spice: c\c. 
jam summas arces Tritonia, respice, Pal- 
las insedit, nimbo effulgens et Gorgotie 
sceva. ipse pater Danais animos viresque 
secundas sufficit ; ipse dens in Dardana 
suscitat arma. apparent dire furies 
inimicaque Trojcc numvna magna Deum ; 
JEn. ii. 602— C23. (2) luctijicam Alecto 
dirarum ab sede sororum iujernisque ciet 
tenebris ; fyc. Alecto exarsit in bras, at 
juveni oranti subitus tremor occupat 
artus; deriguere oculi ; tot Erinnys sitri- 
lut hydris, tantaque se fades aperitive, 
olli somnum ingens rumpil ];avor, ossaque 
et artus perfundit toto proruptus corpore 
sudor; ALa. vii. 323— 571. PR. These 
are good specimens of the sublime, espe- 
cially the first ; yet might not our author 
have found, in the compass of Latin 
poetry, something more to his purpose? 
Prom Ennius, Horace has a quotation 
of much force and sublimity: and Lu- 
cretius (who had also his Maecenas) 
would have furnished examples of greater 
fire and animation. But Lucretius was 
doomed to misfortune : his contempo- 
raries neither saw his beauties nor his 
defects ; and succeeding writers, if they 
did not entirely neglect his poetry, plun- 
dered him, and were silent. His phi- 
losophy ruined his poetry in the eyes of 
Home. G. cf. Virg. /E. xii. 326 sq. 
M. 

68. ' The Rutulian.' vi. 637. PR. i. 
162. 

The Furies were three in number, 
Alecto, Tisiphone, and Megaera. LU. 



SAT. VII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



181 



Nam si Virgilio puer et tolerabile desset 
70 Hospitium, caderent oranes a crinibus hydri : 

Surda nihil gemeret grave buccina. Poscimus, ut sit 
Non minor antiquo Rubrenus Lappa cothurno, 
Cujus et alveolos et laenam pignerat Atreus. 
Non habet infelix Numitor, quod mittat amico : 
75 Quintillse quod donet, habet ; nec~defuit illi, 
Unde emeret multa pascendum carne leonem 
Jam domitum : constat leviori belua sumtu 
Nimirum et capiunt plus intestina poetae. 
Contentus fama jaceat Lucanus in hortis 
80 Marmoreis : at Serrano tenuique Saleio 



69. ' Had not Virgil been in easy cir- 
cumstances, the energy of his genius 
would have flagged.' LU. Virgil (if we 
can credit Donatus) possessed (prope 
centies es.) about a million and a half 
sterling, owing lo the munificence of his 
friends, and had a town house in Esquilice 
near the gardens of Maecenas, though he 
spent most of his time in retirement at his 
Campanian villa (Gell. vii.^20.) and in 
Sicily. R. 

71. Surda, by ca tach resis, signifies 
• mute' as well as ' deaf.' LU. xiii. 194. 
M. Sil. vi. 75. xuipli has the same 
variety of meaning. H. note on Her. i. 
34. 

Gemeret ; ii. 90. LU. 



But 



Virg. M. 511—522. PR. 



• Yet, forsooth, we are so unreasonable 
as to expect.' R. 

72. Rubrenus Lappa was an ingenious, 
but needy, tragic poet. VS. 

Cothurno ; vi. 506. 634. iEschylus, 
Sophocles, and Euripides were wealthy 
and influential men in their day. LU. cf. 
Pind. 01. iii. 9 sq. 

73. Alveolos; v. 88. T. PR. 
Lanam ; iii. 283. v. 131. PR. 
Pignerat ' occasions the pawning of.' 

135. 92. iii. 116. T. 

Atreus is the name of a tragedy of his : 
thus Agave, Pelopea, Philomela, 87. 92. 
Telephus, Orestes, and Tereus, i. 5 sq. 
vii. 12. R. Atreus, the son of Pelops 
and Hippodamia, and king of Mycenre, 
slew the children of Thyestes who were 
born in adultery of his queen, and served 
them up to their own father. Sen. Thy. 
PR. 

74. ' The high-born and wealthy pa- 



trician.' SCH. viii. 93. R. infelix is used 
ironically : his meanness was his mis- 
fortune. VS. 

75. Quintilla his mistress. VS. pauper 
amicitice cum sis, Lupe, non es amicce ; 
Mart. IX. iii. 1. R. 

76. This was a fancy among the 
Romans. Lamprid. Heliog. 21. Plin. 
viii. 8 sq. 16 sq. 52. Gell. v. 14. Mart. 
Sp. x. II. lxxv. &lc. PR. I. cv. Capit. 
Gord. 33. R. 

77. Hanno the Carthaginian, accord- 
ing to Pliny, was the first who ' tamed' a 
lion. T. 

78. Nimirum ; ii. 104, note. R. 
Capiunt ; Ov. A. A. iii. 757. (H.) R. 

79. ' It is true that a w e a 1 1 h y person 
may write for fame, and fame only.' 
LU. cf. 81. quid petitur sacris, nisi 
tan turn fa m a, poetis 1 hoc votum nostri 
summa laboris habet; Ov. A. A. iii. 
403 sq. 

M. AnncBus Lucanus, a very rich Ro- 
man knight, of Cordova in Spain, the son 
of L. Ann. Mella and nephew of Seneca 
the tragedian, and an intimate friend of 
Saleius Bassus and Persius. According 
to Quintilian, he was an orator rather 
than a poet : x. 1. He was at first a 
favourite with Nero, but was put to death 
by that tyrant in the flower of his age. 
Tac. xv. PR. Id. xvi. 17. R. 

Hortis; cf. Ov. Tr. I. xi. 37. ACH. 
Plin. xix. 4 pr. Cic. Off. iii. 14. R. i. 
75, note. 

80. Serranus (cf. Virg. JE.vi. 845.(tf.) 
Cic. Rose. Am. 18. Plin. xviii. 3. Val. 
Max. IV. iv. 5.) was a family name of 
the Atilian clan. Plin. iii. 14. Sil. vi. 62. 
(DR.) PER, An. Hist. i. p. 24. 33. 



182 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VII. 



Gloria quantalibet quid erit, si gloria tan turn est? 
Curritur ad vocem jucundam et carmen arnica? 
Thebaidos, laetam fecit quum Statius urbem 
Promisitque diem. Tanta dulcedine captos 
85 Afficit ille animos tantaque libidine vulgi 
Auditur ; sed, quum fregit subsellia versu, 
Esurit, intactam Paridi nisi vendat Agaven. 
Ille et militiae multis largitur honorem, 
Semestri vatum digitos circumligat auro. 



Nothing further is known of this poet 
except that he was over head and ears in 
debt to a money-lender. Mart. IV. 
xxxvii. 3. R. 

Bassus Saleius was another of our 
author's contemporaries, who was ' poor 
in purse,' but rich in merit and poetical 
talents, LU. absolutissimus poeta, accord- 
ing to Tacitus, D. Or. 5. 9. see notes on 
35. and 40. who also mentions that he 
once received a present of five hundred 
sesterces from Vespasian, (a prodigious 
effort of generosity in that frugal prince,) 
and this was sufficient perhaps to make 
Domitian neglect him ; for he was not 
over-fond of imitating his father. G. PR. 
Mart. III. xlvii. Iviii. V. xxiv. liv. VII. 
xcv. VIII. x. jR. 

83. The subject of ' the Thebaid' is 
the war between Polynices and Eteocles ; 
Ponticus also wrote an epic poem on the 
same story (Prop. i. 7.) ; and it afforded 
a theme for tragedy to ^Eschylus, Seneca, 
PR. and Euripides. 

P. Papitiius Statius was a native of 
Naples. He was taken into favour by 
Domitian, and repaid the emperor's pa- 
tronage by gross flattery. He spent 
twelve years on his ' Thebaid,' and died, 
soon after commencing the Achilleid, 
A. D. 96. PR. Suet. Dom. 4. (CAS.) 
Stat. S. III. i. 61 sqq. v. 28 sqq. IV. ii. 
62 sqq. v. 1 sqq. V. iii. 215 sqq. 229 sqq. 
Th. xii. 812 sqq. (B.) R. 

84. Notice was given, by bills, of ' the 
day of recitation.' R. 

86. ' He has broken the benches,' 
either (1) 'by the crowds who flocked to 
hear his verses :' Suet. Claud. 41. or 
(2) • by the vehemence of his recitation :' 
i. 12, note, or (3) ' by the plaudits of the 
auditors.' cognoscentium quoque fregere 
subsellia ; Martian. Capell. hunc olim 
perorantem, et rhetoricce sedilia plausibili 



oratione frangentem ; Sidon. Ep. v. FA. 
CAS. R. 

87. ' Never seen or heard by any one.' 
PA. BR. i. 1 , note, hi tragicos meminere 
modos : his fab u la Tereus, his necdum 
camtnissa chore, cantatur Agave ; Claud. 
Eutr. ii. 363 sq. R. 

Paris ; vi. 87, note. PR. 

Authors ' sold' their plays to prretors, 
rediles, or others who exhibited public 
games. Ter. Hec. pr. I. vii. II. xlix. 
Ov. Tr. ii. 507 sqq. R. 

A poem (most probably, a tragedy) 
on the story of Agave, daughter of Cad- 
mus and Harmonia, mother of Pentheus 
by Echion, king of Thebes. Her son 
was transformed into a boar, and torn to 
pieces by his mother and aunt, in their 
Bacchanalian revels. Hygin. 184. PA. 
BR. Pers. i. 100 sqq. PR. Hor. II S. iii. 
303. Ov. M. iii. 501 sqq. M. cf. 73. Stat. 
Th. iii. 190. iv. 565. xi. 318. R. 

88. 1 This actor too has the disposal of 
many a commission in the army.' PR. 
cf. 92. R. 

89. In other words, ' makes them mili- 
tary tribunes for six months.' %(>vffo- 
<P o /} 6 Z ff i <yat> ruv <rr^a.TivofJt.ivcav ot 
%iXict(>%ot, <rui iXocrrovuv ff&YI^O- 
(po^ouvTuv App. Li. Pun. 104. cf. I. "2.8, 
note. These were divided into laticlavii 
(who were styled 'illustrious knights;' 
egregii; x. 95, note. iv. 32, note ;) and 
angusticlavii, (the former of senatorial, 
the latter of equestrian families ; Suet. 
Aug. 38. Oth. 10. Tac. A. ii. 59. xi. 4.) 
the purple border which they wore being 
either broad or narrow accordingly. 
LI. SA. This border seems to have 
answered the purpose of gold lace in our 
days. The boatswains and boatswains' 
mates at Greenwich Hospital are dis- 
tinguished by the broad or narrow gold 
lace on their coats and hats ; if the com- 



SAT. VII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



183 



90 Quod non dant proceres, dabit histrio. Tu Camerinos 

Et Bareas, tu nobilium magna atria curas? 

Prasfectos Pelopea facit, Philomela tribunos. 

Haud tamen invideas vati, quern pulpita pascunt. 

Quis tibi Maecenas ? quis nunc erit aut Proculeius 
95 Aut Fabius ? quis Cotta iterum ? quis Lentulus alter ? 



parison be not derogatory to the semestres 
miliiioli, as the author of Juvenal's life 
calls them. 

I wish there were any authority for 
supposing ' the six-months' or half- 
month's gold' to be so called from its 
conferring a permanent appointment, but 
with only half the annual stipend : 
so that the permission to wear it would 
give an honorary or brevet rank, (a 
real command, I am convinced.it never 
could,) which gave the possessor a claim 
to something like half-pay, without re- 
quiring actual service ; or, at any rate, to 
certain privileges and immunities. [Livy 
v, 4. ED.] This favour (whatever the pre- 
cise nature of it might be) was bestowed 
by generals and prefects. Thus Pliny 
entreats Sossius, one of Trajan's lieu- 
tenants, to confer this honour on the 
nephew of his friend C. Nepos : C. Cal- 
visium Nepotem valde diligo : hunc rogo 
seme stri tribunatu splendidiorem et 
sibi et avunculo suo facias; Ep. iv. 4. 
and in another place, he transfers a 
tribuneship which he had obtained for 
Suetonius, at the historian's own request, 
to one of his relations : iii. 8. G. 

90. Histrio is a Tuscan word. Liv. vii. 
2. V. Max. ii. 4. PR. 

The Camerini viii. 38. R. were a 
family of the Suipician clan. PR. 
P. Sulp. Camerinus was one of the tri- 
umvirs sent to Athens for Solon's laws. 

91. The BarecB were of the Marcian 
clan. Tac. A. xii. 53. R. iii. 116. PR. 

Atria ; note on 7. R. 

92. Pelopea was the daughter of 
Thyestes ; iEgisthus was the offspring of 
their incestuous intercourse. LU. 73, 
note. PR. or YliXonua., the daughter of 
Pelias : Apollod. I. ix. 10. (HY.) R. 

Facit ' gets the authors made.' cf. iii. 
116, note. 

Philomela; vi. 644, note. LU. 

It is said, that in consequence of this 
passage, Juvenal was banished from 
Rome ; by whom, is a matter of dispute. 
Some say by Domitian, owing to a com- 
plaint by Paris. But why should he 



complain at all 1 Was he ashamed of his 
influence at court 1 He was more likely 
to have gloried in it. Others say by 
Hadrian, when Juvenal was an old man 
of fourscore, merely because these lines 
were supposed to cast some reflection 
upon an actor who was a great favourite 
with the emperor. If so, this imperial 
patron of letters was guilty of a most 
arbitrary stretch of authority, and a most 
unprovoked pieee of cruelty. G. 

93. ' That lives by the stage.' JEschy- 
lus et modicis instravit pulpita tignis; 
Hot. A. P. 279. PR. iii. 174. M. cf. 87. 
xiv. 257. R. 

94. Mcecenas, by his generosity to Vir- 
gil and Horace, transmitted his name to 
future ages as an appellative for all 
munificent patrons of literature. LU. PR. 
Spenser has an allusion to these lines : 
" But ah ! Mecasnas is yclad in claye, 
And great Augustus long ygoe is dead, 
And all the worthies liggen wrapt in 
lead, That matter made for poets on to 
playe : For ever, who in derring-doe were 
dread, The loftie verse of hem was loved 
aye ;" Shep. Cal. iEgl. x. 61 sqq. G. 

Proculeius another bountiful knight of 
the Augustan age. Hor. II Od. ii. 5. 
(MI.) Tac. A. iv. 40. (LI.) Quint, vi. 
3. (BU.) Plin. vii. 45. (HA.) R. 

95. Fabius Maximus was a noble pa- 
tron, to whom Ovid addressed several of 
his epistles from Pontus ; PR. M. I. ii. 
v. ix. II. iii. III. iii. viii. (if.) Quint, vi. 
3. R. 

Aurelius Cotta, as well as Fabius, 
joined to great liberality the rarer quality 
of fidelity in distress : G. Ov. Pont. II. 
viii. III. ii. v. PR. te tamen in turba 
non ausim, Cotta, silere, Pieridum lumen 
prcEsidiumque fori ; Id. IV. xvi. 40 so. 
(if.) R. 

P. Lentulus Spinther, who was mainly 
instrumental to the recall of Cicero, and 
to whom the orator writes thus : magna 
est hominum opinio de te, magna commen- 
datio liberalitatis ; Ep. Fam. i. 7. Cic. 
ad Div. i. 1 sqq. M. R. 

It may be wondered that Juvenal 



184 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VII. 



Tunc par ingenio pretium : tunc utile multis, 

Pallere et vinum toto nescire Decembri. 
Vester porro labor fecundior, historiarum 

Scriptores : petit hie plus temporis atque olei plus ; 
100 Namque oblita modi millesima pagina surgit 

Omnibus et multa crescit damnosa papyro. 

Sic ingens rerum numerus jubet atque operum lex. 

Quae tamen inde seges ? terrae quis fructus apertae ? 

Quis dabit historico, quantum daret acta legenti ? 
105 Sed genus ignavum, quod lecto gaudet et umbra. 



should never mention Pliny, who was 
certainly generous, and in some cases 
munificent. He had here an opportunity 
of doing so : but perhaps it struck him 
that there was more of vanity than of 
genuine kindness in the favours Pliny 
conferred. In one of his letters he men- 
tions his kindness to Martial ; but in a 
way that shows he was thinking more of 
himself than of the poet. The whole 
account is degrading. It was not thus 
that Lentulus and Cotta showed their 
love of genius. G. 

96. Fait maris aiitiqui eos qui vel sin- 
gulorum laudes vel urbium scripserant, aut 
Jionoribus aut pecunia ornare : nostris vero 
temporibus, ut alia speciosa et egregia, ita 
hoc imprimis exolevit : nam postquam destiti- 
mus laudunda facere, laudari quoque inep- 
tum putamus; Plin. Ep. iii. ult. PR. 
cur a ducum fuerunt olim regumque poetce, 
pnvmiaque antiqui magna tulere chori: 
sanctaque majestas et erat venerabile nomen 
vatibus: et larga sape dabantur opes; 
Ov. A. A. iii. 405 sqq. 

97. Pallere; Pers. v. 62. PR. Id. i. 
26. 124. Kor. I Ep. iii. 10. M. Paleness 
was a characteristic of students as well as 
of lovers : pallet ; aut amat, aut studet ; 
cf. Quint. VII. x. 14. 1, ii. 18. Ov. A. A. 
i. 729 sq. SPA. 

'To be a stranger to wine,' lest it 
should impede one's studies: quid? quod 
ne mente quidem recte uti possumus multo 
cibo et potione completi; Cic. T. Q. v. 
100. Horace, on the contrary, who was 
himself a bon vivant, prescribes wine for 
poets, on the authority of Cratinus, and 
instances Homer and Ennius as examples 
of its good effects : I Ep. xix. 1 sqq. 
PR. 

' December' was the month of the 
Saturnalia, when it was the custom to 



indulge more freely : Macr. i. 7. 10. Sen. 
Ep. 18. 47. Ath. xiv. 10. Suet. Claud. 5. 
Cal. 17. PR. Lucian. Sat. R. age liber- 
tate Decembri utere; Hor. II S. vii. 
4 sq. LU. 

99. ■ Midnight oil.' G. i. 51. M. 

100 ' Passing all bounds.' M. 

Cum bene surrex it versu nova pagina 
prima; Ov. Am. I. i. 17. see note on 
23. R. 

101. 'A ruinous undertaking, which 
never pays for the paper.' LU. 

In palmarum joins primam ecriptita- 
tum ; delude quarumdam arborum libris: 
postea publica monumenta plumbeis volu- 
minibus, mox et privata linteis conjici 
c&pta, aut ceris: postea promiscue patuit 
usus rei qua constat immortalitas hominum : 
papyrus ergo nascitur in palustribus 
Algypti: prceparantur ex ea chartce divisce 
acu in prcelenues sed quam latissimas 
fibras ; Plin. xiii. 12. and 1 1. PR. 

102. Rerum ' of facts.' G. 

' The rules to be observed in compos- 
ing history' are given by Cic. de Or. ii. 
15. PR. 

103. The metaphor is taken from agri- 
culture : apertce ' broken up by the 
plough ;' T. thus also messem deprendere; 
112. Ii. cf. Rom. vi. 21. 

104. ' To a notary public ACH. or 
it may be ' the reader, who was en- 
gaged to read aloud the exploits re- 
corded in history, was much better paid 
than the author, who had been at all 
the pains of investigating and nar- 
rating the facts.' R. 

105. * But the excuse of these penuri- 
ous nobles is, that historians are an indo- 
lent race of animals.' R. They formed 
much the same enlightened judgment as 
a man who complained to one of his old 
masters of the sad alteration that had 



SAT. VII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



185 



Die igitur, quid causidicis civilia praestent 
Officia et magno comites in fasce libelli ? 
Ipsi magna sonant, sed tunc, quum creditor audit, 
Praecipue, vel si tetigit latus acrior illo, 
110 Qui venit ad dubium grandi cum codice nomen. 
Tunc immensa cavi spirant mendacia folles 
Conspuiturque sinus. Veram deprendere messem 
Si libet; hinc centum patrimonia causidicorum, 



taken place at Oxford since his younger 
days, when he was much in request 
among the junior members of the Uni- 
versity in their fishing and shooting ex- 
cursions ; "There's a very idle set of 
gentlemen in College now. They never 
shoot. They never go on the water. 
They do nothing: nothing but read 
from morning till night." Nunc hederce 
sine honor e jacent : operataque doctis cura 
vigil Musis nomen inert is habet ; Ov. 
A. A. iii. 41 1 sq. 

The ancients had ' couches' made pur- 
posely for writing and studying: qucedam 
sztnt quce possis et in cisio scriber e ; 
qucedam ledum et otium et secretum 
desiderant ; Sen. Ep. 72. non quidquid 
denique led is scribitur in citreis ; 
Pers. i. 52 sq. FA. gratias ago senectuti, 
quod lectulo me affixit ; Sen. Ep. 67. 
i.e. not in his bedroom, but in his 
study. LI. a vatibus contemto colitur 
led us et umbra foro ; Ov. A. A. iii. 
539. 542. Tr. I. xi. 37 sq. Plin. Ep. 
v. 1. Suet. Aug. 78. (CAS.) cf. 28. 79. 
R. 

Lecto may also be put for somno : for 
scriptorum chorus omnis amat nemus et fu- 
git urbes, rite cliens Bacchi somno gau- 
dentis et umbra; Hor. II Ep. ii. 
77 sq. vacui sub umbra lusimus tecum, 
barbite; I Od. xxxii. 1 sqq. FA. cf. 8. R. 

106. ' If their indolence be a bar to 
your bounty, let us shift our ground : no 
one will tax the lawyers with laziness.' R. 

Causidicus is almost always used in a 
contemptuous sense. Ov. Am. I. xiii. 21. 
(BU.) hie clamosi rabiosa fori jurgia 
vendens improbus iras et verba locat ; Sen. 
H. F. 172 sqq. R. 

Civilia officia * the services rendered to 
citizens.' PR. 

107. * A bundle.' fyputM /3i/3X<W 
Theoph. Ch. vi. tttptti o*ixuvtxu9 (iifiXjuv' 
Aristot. in Dionys. H. R. 

Libelli ' briefs.' VS. 

2 



108. ' They talk big before a creditor ; 
and are most substantial men according 
to the statement they give the banker 
who has advanced them money upon 
credit, when he ventures to press for the 
settlement of a long-standing account.' 
HK. 

Ipsi understand causidici. LU. 

Magna is used adverbially; LU. verba 
may be understood, olov %v <ro (Ay a. xtx^a- 
yivat xaCi o%\ngov uvctt xcti 6f>a,<rvv \ oh <ro7g 
hxx/e\eyavff4 ftovov, aXXa xcti reTg tu%e- 
(aUois tovto xgwifiov Luc. Tim. 11. 
These expressions are generally applied 
to bragging. V. Flacc. i. 262. (BU.) 
Prop. II. xv. 53.(717.) R. 

109. LcEVum qui fodicet latus; 
Hor. I Ep. vi. 51. cubito tangere; Hor. 
II S. v. 42. Pers. iv. 34. R. 

110. ' With a large account-book.' 
Cic. Verr. i. 36. (iii. 28. vii. 17.) for 
Rose. Com. 1 sq. PR. R. 

Nomen < a debt.' SCH. 

111. ' The hollow bellows of his 
cheeks and lungs.' VS. at tu conclusas 
hircinis follibus auras usque laborantes 
dum ferrum molliat igyiis, ut mavis, imi- 
tare ; Hor. I S. iv. 19 sqq. tu neque 
anhelanti, coquitur dum massa camino, 
folle premis ventos ; Pers. v. 10 sq. PR. 
The lungs are compared ta bellows by 
August, de Civ. D. xiv. 24. R. 

112. He talks away till he foams at 
the mouth and besputters all his vest. 
LU. FA. It is one of the characteristics 
of o'vo'xtgux, avoppitrniv (rov er'ic&Xov) a-zo 
tov tfTOfAxros' Theoph. Ch. 19. daXo^ef 
ot fT{>6<r(>cttvovrts triaXev h <ra> irgoffhxXt- 
yiffOotr Hesych. Antimachus an Athe- 
nian was called , because vrgse-'ippaivs 
reus ffovoftikovvras hotkiydpivos' Schol. 
on Arist. Ach. iv. 7. R. Hor. II S. 
v. 41. 

' The actual harvest ;' in answer to 
103. PR. 

113. Hinc * in the one scale.' LU. 

B 



186 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VII. 



Parte alia solum russati pone Lacernae. 

115 Consedere duces: surgis tu pallidus Ajax 
Dicturus dubia pro libertate, bubulco 
Judice. Rumpe miser tensum jecur, ut tibi lasso 
Figantur virides, scalarum gloria, palmae. 
Quod vocis pretium ? Siccus petasunculus et vas 

120 Pelamydum aut veteres, Afrorum epimenia, bulbi 



114. Lacerna was a favourite charioteer 
of Domitian's, VS. and one of the ' Red' 
party, cf. vi. 590. Petron. 25. (H.) 
Dio. lxi. 6. (REI.) BO, p. 448. He is 
called russatus Lacerna, as Felix 
russatus auriga ; Plin. vii. 53. pr a si- 
nus Porphyrio; Mart. XIII. lxxviii. 2. 
auriga albatus Corax ; Plin. viii. 42 s 
65. R. 

115. A parody on consedere duces 
et, vulgi stante corona, surgfit ad hos 
clypei dominus septemplicis Aj\ax; Ov. 
M. xiii. 1 sq. By duces, here, are meant 
' the judges;' by Ajax, ' the barrister.' 
RU. xa-Sltran V ovv' ffh V, Z Aioyivis, 
Xiys- Luc. Pise. 24. R. 

* Sallow' from confinement at his desk, 
and not ' bronzed by the sun' like the 
weather-beaten chieftain. 

Ajax king of Salamis was the son of 
Telamon and grandson of vEacus, and, 
consequently, the cousin-german of 
Achilles ; upon whose death he claimed 
his armour as being the bravest of the 
Greeks. His disappointment, when the 
prize was awarded to Ulysses, produced 
insanity, and drove him to commit suicide. 
Soph. Aj. PR. and Phil. cf. x. 84. xiv. 
286. Hor. II S. iii. 187 sqq. The name 
of Ajax became proverbial for a quarrel- 
some wrangling man. Claud. Eut. ii. 
386. Jud. Vesp. 85. ( WE.) R. 

116. ' On behalf of a client, whose title 
to freedom is disputed :' as Cicero for 
Archias. LU. FA. The case of Virginia 
was another : Liv. iii. 44 sqq. 

A neat-herd. There were, in all, 
thirty-five city and country tribes, from 
each of which were chosen three jury- 
men. These were called, in round num- 
bers, centumvirs: Ascon. on Cic. 
Verr. ii. FA. LU. Owing to this ar- 
rangement it often happened that igno- 
rant rustics had to decide upon knotty 
points, xvi. 13. R. cf. Suet. Cass. 80. 
Aug. 35. PR. 

117. Cf. i. 45, note. M. Some sup- 



pose ' a blood-vessel in the lungs' to be 
meant ; LU. FA. as the ancients, in 
general, were but indifferent anatomists. 
vr'ofai ovi siv ixtTvoi ^uvyfaiiv axovtrcti, yv xai 
eh xtx^xyus SiuppayHt' Luc. Episc. 21. 
R. Anst. R. 953. 

118. When advocates gained a cause, 
the triumph was notified by the entrance 
of their house being adorned with ' palm- 
branches.' These poor lawyers lived in 
garrets, and could therefore only decorate 
with evergreens 1 the staircase' leading 
up to their chambers. Suet. Dom. 23. 
CAS. BRO. sic fora mirentur, sic te 
Patlatia laudent, excolat et geminas plu- 
rima palma fores; Mart. VII. xxviii. 5 sq. 
PR. cf. iii. 199, note, palma forensis; 
A us. Prof. Burd. ii. 7. R. 

119. * Dried up (xi. 82.) from being 
so old.' LU. Mart.XIII.lv. PR. liv. 
IV. xlvi. Hor. II S. v. 43 sqq. Pers. iii. 
73 sqq. (CAS.) R. 

120. TltiXapu;' Hesych. a little fish so 
called from its burying itself in the mud, 
or from being born there : Festus. «r>jX«- 
fMhiv Arist. vi. 16 sq. a lesser kind of 
tunny : Ath. iii. 85. 92. vii. 66. viii. 14 
or 53. Plin. ix. 15 s 18. xxxii. 11 s 55. 
(HA.) Strab. VII. vi. 2. Diosc. ii. 200. 
SP, de Pr. Num. iii. 201. Gell. ii. 18. 
PR. R. which were salted and brought 
to Rome. VS. Like our grigs, which are 
found in the mud of the Thames, they 
were probably of little worth. M. ** A 
jar of broken sprats."' G. 

" A rope of shrivell'd onions from the 
Nile." G. Africa produced a great 
variety of bulbous roots, among these 
Pliny mentions the epimenidium, xix. 5. 
R. of which the epimenium might be a 
coarser sort ; cf. Ath. ii. 22 sq. (CAS.) 
or 1 sent monthly' from Africa to Rome. 
Martial enumerates bulbos among the 
presents sent to lawyers; IV. xlvi. 11. 
LI. Theoph. H. P. vii. 13. PR. « The 
soldier's monthly allowance :' SCH. ' the 
African slave's monthly provender.' ACH. 



SAT. VII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



187 



At vinum Tiberi devectum, quinque lagense. 
Si quater egisti, si contigit aureus unus, 
Inde cadunt partes ex foedere pragmaticorum. 
" iEmilio dabitur, quantum licet, et melius nos 
125 Egimus : hujus enim stat currus aeneus, alti 
Quadrijuges in vestibulis, atque ipse feroci 
Bellatore sedens curvatum hastile minatur 
Eminus et statua meditatur prcelia lusca." 
Sic Pedo conturbat, Matho deficit : exitus hie est 



Whatever might have been the practice 
as to other slaves, it is not unlikely that 
the Africans had a certain ration of 
onions allowed them, according to the 
practice in their own country, cf. Herod, 
ii. 125. Numb. xi. 5. 

121. ' Home-made wine, (VS.) and 
that of the worst sort, Veientan, (Hor. 
II S. iii. 143.) or Tuscan, (LU.) and 
not Campanian.' PR. 

122. ' If you are so lucky as to touch 
gold for a fee, you cannot pocket any 
thing till you have satisfied the stipulated 
claims of the attorneys.' LU. 

' The gold piece' varied in value ; it 
was at this time worth twenty-five denarii. 
Plin. xxxiii. 3. xxxv. 10. (HA.) Lampr. 
Alex. 39. (CAS.) R. M. The highest 
fee, as settled by a law of Nero, was one 
hundred pieces of gold. Plin. Ep. v. 4. 
21. Suet. 17. (ER.) Tac. A. xi. 7. Ulp. D. 
i. §. 12. The sum is here represented as 
absurdly small, for contrast's sake. GRO. 

123. In Cicero's days these ' solicitors' 
were confined to Greece. Or, i. 45. 59. 
The Roman advocates were then in the 
habit (if ignorant of a point of law) of 
referring to learned men of rank, such as 
the Scaevolae, &c. Under the successors 
of Augustus, there was not the same 
encouragement for these great men to 
study that science ; therefore the orators 
were obliged to adopt the Grecian me- 
thod : neque ego sum nostri moris ignarus, 
oblitusve eorum qui velut ad arculas sedent 
et tela ageniibus subministrant ; nequeidem 
Grcecos quoque nescio factitare , unde uomen 
his pragmaticorum datum est; Quint, 
xii. 3. 9. G. PR. Id. iii. 6. R. 

124. ' The only lawyers who are hand- 
somely remunerated, are those, who 
either are rich or are believed to be 
so.' LU. R. 

Quantum licet. A decree of the senate 



was passed in the reign of Claudius 
(A. U. 800.), by which pecuniis ob causas 
orandas capiendis positus modus usque ad 
den a sestertia, quern egressi repetun- 
darum tenerentur; Tac. A. xi. 5 sqq. 
(LI.) See 122, note. R. 
Nos ' we poor lawyers.' LU. 

125. " There stand Before his gate, 
conspicuous from afar, Four stately steeds 
yoked to a brazen car." G. Indicative 
of the triumphs gained by his ancestors. 
LU. cf. viii. 3. PR. 

126. This vagary of iEmilius (in choos- 
ing, though a man of peace, to be repre- 
sented on a war-horse) seems to have 
taken mightily at Rome, most probably 
from its absurdity, and to have had a 
number of imitators. Martial, in an 
attack upon an unfortunate pedagogue 
for interrupting his sleep, (note on 222.) 
compares the noise of his school to that 
of the hammers and anvils of smiths forg- 
ing war-horses for the lawyers : tarn grave 
percussis incudibus cera resultant, causidi- 
cum medio enmfaber aptat equo; IX.lxix. 
5 sq. This trick succeeded but ill with 
iEmilius's imitators, cf. 129 sqq. as it 
seldom happens that any but the author 
of a joke profits by it. G. PR. see 143, 
note. 

127. ' Aims the bending spear.' So 
exquisitely is the statue wrought that the 
spear seems to tremble as it is poised. 
PR. 

128. Meditatus prcelia ; iv. 1 12. R. 

' Wall-eyed :' because the pupil of 
the eye was not marked in statues. R. 

129. Of Pedo the lawyer nothing is 
known. R. 

Conturbat (£. e. rationes) is a legal 
term : FA. ' becomes insolvent,' T. 
' gets more involved.' fac me multis 
debere et in his Plancio : utrum igitur me 
coniurbare oportet ; an hoc nomen, quod 



188 



THE SATIRES 



SAT* VII. 



130 Tongilli, magno cum rhinocerote lavari 
Qui solet et vexat lutulenta balnea turba 
Perque forum juvenes longo premit assere Medos 
Emturus pueros, argentum, murrhina, villas. 
Spondet enim Tyrio stlataria purpura filo. 

135 Et tamen est illis hoc utile : purpura vendit 

Causidicum, vendunt amethystina : convenit illis 
Et strepitu et facie majoris vivere census. 
Sed finem impensae non servat prodiga Roma. 
Fidimus eloquio ? Ciceroni nemo ducentos 

140 Nunc dederit numos, nisi fulserit annulus ingens. 
Respicit haec primum, qui litigat, an tibi servi 
Octo, decern comites, an post te sella, togati 



urget, nunc cum petitur dissolvere; Cic. 
for Cn. Plane. PR. xiv. 94. Mart. IX. 
iv. 5. VII. xxvi. 10. X. xcvi. 9. Petr. 
39. (BU.) Cic. Att. iv. 7. (ER.) R. 

Matho ; i. 32, note. PR. Hence it 
may be gathered that the first Satire was 
written many years after the present. G. 

Deficit ' fails :' T. another legal term. 

R. 

130. Tongillus perhaps Tongilius. 
Mart. II. xl. R. 

' His oil-flask (iii. 263.) was formed 
of a large rhinoceros' horn.' LU. Plin. 
viii. 20. Diod. iv. 3. PR. The animal 
put for its horn ; as solido elephanto, for 
♦ solid ivory Virg. G. iii. 26. M. Of a 
horn flask Martial says ; gestavit modo 
fronte me juvencus : verum rhinocevota 
meputabis; XIV. Iii. cf. liii. R. 

131. Vexat ; i. 100. cf. vi. 419 sq. or 
i. 64. R. 

132. ' The young men who are his 
bearers.' PR. 

• He presses with the weight of himself 
and his litter.' SCH. 

Assere ; iii. 245. PR. Mart. IX. xxiii. 
9. R. 

The Medes were not subjugated by 
the Romans : but Media is sometimes 
taken in a wider sense, so as to include 
Assyria and other countries of Asia. There 
was also a Thracian people of this name, 
cf. ix. 142 sqq. R. [Livy xxviii, 5, marg. 
ED.] 

133. ' To bid for,' though not to buy. 

Theoph. Ch. 23, extr. Martial has an 
excellent epigram on this subject : IX. 
U. CAS. G. R. 



Argentum ; i. 76, note. 
Murrhina; vi. 156, note. BRI. 

134. Spondet ' is a surety for him,' 
' gains him credit." ii. 12. R. 

Tyria purpura filo, a periphrasis, i. 27, 
note. Plin. ix. 36 sqq. PR. Virg. JE. iv. 
262. Hor. Ep. xii. 21. M. 

Stlataria ' piratical ;' from stlata, genus 
navigii latum magis quam allum ; Festus : 
vrai>ctrixoZ ffx,a<povs u%as' Gloss, et melior 
navis, quam quce stlataria portat; Enn. 
Its meaning may be either (1) ' decoy- 
ing,' VS. ' deceptive,' LU. i. e. (as we 
should say) ' sailing under false colours 
or (2) ' imported in a foreign bottom.' 
PR. 

135. Vendit ' gets him off,' * makes 
him fetch more money,' FE. * puffs him 
off.' cf. 73. R. 

136. ' Violet mantles' thrown over the 
toga. FE. cf. Mart. I. xcvii. II. lvii. 2. 
X. xlix. 1. XIV. cliv. R. Plin. xxi. 8. 
xxxvii. 6. 9. PR. 

137. Quce in publico species! Tac. D. 
de Or. 6. R. 

138. Dicimus : " Non ego ambitiosus 
sum, sed nemo Romce aliter potest vivere ; 
non ego sumtuosus sum, sed Urbs ipsa 
magnas impensas exigit;" Sen. Ep. 50. 
PR, cf. iii. 180 sqq. R. iii. 169, note. 

139. ' Two hundred sestertii' are not 
quite thirty shillings. M. i. 92, note. 

140. Annulus; i. 28 sq. PR. 

141. ' Eight chairmen :' i. 64, note. 
PR. Caligula had a litter borne by eight 
slaves. Suet. M. 

142. Comites ; cf. i. 96. 1 19. 132. PR. 
46. qui togatorum comitatus et egressus ! 
Tac. D. de Or. 6. ru <po^ti<u xaqixofuvur 



SAT. VII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



189 



Ante pedes. Ideo conducta Paulus agebat 

Sardonyche atque ideo pluris quam Cossus agebat, 
145 Quam Basilus. Rara in tenui facundia panno. 

Quando licet Basilo flentem producere matrem ? 

Quis bene dicentem Basilum ferat ? Accipiat te 

Gallia vel potius nutricula causidicorum 

Africa, si placuit mercedem ponere linguae. 
150 Declamare doces? O ferrea pectora Vecti, 

Quum perimit saevos classis numerosa tyrannos ! 

Nam quaecumque sedens modo legerat, haec eadem stans 

Proferet atque eadem cantabit versibus isdem. 

Occidit miseros crambe repetita magistros. 



Luc. Suet. Tib. 30. (CAS.) rabul<B bene 
comitati per forum redacuntur ; Quint, 
xii. R. 

' A chair, into which you may get 
when you please.' LU. i. 64. R. 
Togati ; iii. 127, note. M. 

143. ' Before you.' circumpedes sunt 
obsequia servorum : antepedes amicorum ; 
Agroet. de Orthogr. p. 2274. T. ante- 
ambulones ; Mart. II. xviii. 5. III. vii. 2. 
xlvi. PR. X. lxxiv. 3. R. 

He only 'hired the ring, being too 
poor to buy one.' M. cf. iii. 180 sqq. 
vi.352 sqq. R. This hired ring seems to 
have ansv/ered even better than the war- 
horse of iEmilius ; for Paulus, in process 
of time, obtained great practice, and, 
consequently, great riches. Martial had 
the misfortune to be under his patronage ; 
which, like that of many other parvenus, 
was so burthensome, that the poet, in a 
fit of spleen, threatens to shake it off 
entirely : V. xxiii. This is one of the few 
occasions on which Martial speaks out ; 
but he was not a man to carry his 
independent language into practice. G. 
Might not JEmilius and Paulus be one 
and the same person ? 

Agebat; 122. 125. R. 144. 

144. 'A sardonyx ;' Pers. i. 16. 
(CAS.) PR. vi. 382. Mart. II. xxix. 2. 
R. 

145. Basilus; x. 222. R. 

' Rare' in the vulgar opinion, not in 
reality, scepe est etiam sub palliolo sor- 
dido sapientia; Caecil. Cic. T. Q. iii. 56. 
PR. cf. viii. 47 sqq. R. 

146. Cf. Cic. Verr. 3. for Font. 17 &c. 
PR. 



147. ' However well he may speak.' 
LU. 

148. In Gaul and Africa eloquence 
was still encouraged by the multiplicity 
of law-suits. SCH. cf. i. 44. xv. 111. 
Quint, x. 1.3. PR. 

150. Ferrea « quite steeled against 
the assaults of impatience or fatigue.' 
cf. i. 31, note. M. dura messorum ilia ! 
Hor. Ep. iii. 4. 

Vectius Valens, an eminent professor of 
rhetoric : Plin. xxix. 1. PR. 

151. "A school, Where boys, in long 
succession, rave and storm At tyranny, 
through many a crowded form." This 
unfortunate race, besides having their 
heads distracted with these everlast- 
ing declamations, were sometimes liable 
to lose them altogether. Domitian ac- 
tually put one of them (named Maternus) 
to death for a rhetorical flourish about ty- 
ranny, which was produced in his school. 
Dio. G. cf. i. 15 — 17, notes. M. vii. 
160—170. Tac. D. de Or. 35. Sen. 
Contr. vii. Quint. Decl. et Instit. II. x. 
4. Petr. i. R. note on 204. pueros ma- 
gistri in clas ses distribuebant et Us ordi- 
nem dicendi secundum vires ingenii dabant; 
Quint, i. 2. PR. 

1 52. ' What the class sit down and 
learn by reading over, that they stand up 
and repeat ; the very same lines in the 
same tone and twang.' ACH. cantilenam 
eandetn canentes; Ter. Phor. III. ii. 10. 
R. el aire) vet^t ruv alruv <ro~s aiireTf ra 
etvrd- an author quoted by GR. 

154. There was a Greek proverb : 
$is xgdf&fin Soivxroi. VS. ' warmed-up 
cabbage.' M. 



190 THE SATIRES sat. vii. 

155 Quis color et quod sit causae genus atque ubi summa 
Quaestio, quae veniant diversae forte sagittae, 
Nosse velint omnes, mercedem solvere nemo. 
" Mercedem appellas ? quid enim scio ?" Culpa docentis 
Scilicet arguitur, quod laeva in parte mamillae 

160 Nil salit Arcadico juveni, cujus mihi sexta 

Quaque die miserum dims caput Hannibal implet; 
Quidquid id est, de quo deliberat, an petat Urbem 
A Cannis, an post nimbos et fulmina cautus 
Circumagat madidas a tempestate cohortes. 

165 " Quantum vis stipulare, et protenus accipe, quod do, 
Ut toties ilium pater audiat." Ast alii sex 
Et plures uno conclamant ore Sophistae 



155. Color-, vi. 280. PR. or * the or- 
naments of diction.' LU. Cic. Or. III. 
25. 52. R. 

Genus : either deliberative, or de- 
monstrative, or judicial. LU. Quint, 
hi. 4. PR. Cic. lnv. i. 5. 15. R. 

* The upshot of the matter,' ' the main 
jet of the question,' G. ' that on which 
the case hinges.' SCH. Quint, iii. 5 sq. 
Cic. Inv. i. 6. 8 sqq. R. 

156. ' The shafts and shots of the 
adversary.' LU. By the same metaphor 
we have Martem forensem ; Ov. Pont. 
IV. vi. 29. peroraturus, stricturum se 
lucubrutionis sua telum, minabatur ; 
Suet. Cal. 53. See v. 173. R. 

158. Those who have given the most 
trouble, are most likely to demur at 
paying. 

159. Cor animalibus ceteris in medio 
pectore est, homini tantum infra laevam 
pa pill am; Plin. XT. 37 s 69. PR. 
Pers. ii. 53. cor aliis animus videtur ; ex 
quo excordes, vecorde s, Concor- 
de sque dicuntur, et Nasica ille prudens 
C o r culum, et egregie cordatus 
homo catus JElius Sextus : Empedocles 
animum esse censet, cordi suffusum 
sanguinem : alii in cerebro dixerunt 
animi esse sedem et locum; Cic. T. Q. 
i. 9. R. 

160. 'There is no life or animation.' 
cor tibi rite salit; Pers. iii. 111. Sen. 
Thy. 756. R. 

Arcadia was celebrated for its breed 
of asses; Pers. iii. 9. PR. Varr. R.R. 
II. i. 14. Plin. viii.43a68. Plaut. Asin. 
II. ii. 67. but not for the wits of its natives : 



Philostr. iii. whence the proverb 'A^xaS/ov 
fixdirrnpx, ' an Arcadian sprig.' BllO. 
SCO. R. 

161. ' Regularly once a week.' Suet. 
Tib. 32. (CAS.) R. 

' Sent by the wrath of heaven (dims 
i.e. deorum ira) to be the dread of Rome 
(Hor.III Od. vi.36.IVOd. iv. 42. R.) 
and the scourge of schoolmasters.' 

* Whose declamation in the person of 
Hannibal;' vi. 170. PR. x. 167. R. 

162 sqq. According to Maharbal's 
advice. Liv. xxii. 51. xxvi. 7 — 11. Po- 
lyb. ix. 3 sqq. Sil. xii. 489— xiii. 93. 
LU. PR. R. 

163. Cf. ii. 155. PR. 

165. ' Stipulate for,' opposed to spon- 
debo. ER. 

The schoolmaster offers to place any 
stake in the hands of a third person, to 
be paid the parent conditionally : « The 
father can have no conception of the task 
he has imposed on his son's preceptor. 
Let him just make the experiment. I am 
sure no sum of money would induce him 
to go on week after week hearing such 
a dull blockhead.' There were certain 
days, on which the parents came with 
their friends, to hear their sons recite 
speeches at school. Quint, ii. 7. x. 5. 
Pers. iii. 47. PR. M. R. 

167. ' The whole pack are giving 
tongue at the same time ;' either as bar- 
risters, or in running down the intole- 
rable hardships of a sophist's life. PR. 

Sophistce ' professors of rhetoric and 
the belles lettres.' Cic. Acad. iv. 23. 
Fin. ii, 1. R. 



SAT. VI r. 



OF JUVENAL. 



191 



Et veras agitant lites, raptore relicto ; 

Fusa venena silent, malus ingratusque maritus, 

170 Et quae jam veteres sanant mortaria csecos. 

Ergo sibi dabit ipse rudem, si nostra movebunt 
Consilia, et vitae diversum iter ingredietur, 
Ad pugnam qui rhetorica descendit ab umbra, 
Summula ne pereat, qua vilis tessera venit 

175 Frumenti : quippe haec merces lautissima. Tenta, 
Chrysogonus quanti doceat vel Pollio quanti 
Lautorum pueros, artem scindens Theodori. 
Balnea sexcentis et pluris porticus, in qua 
Gestetur dominus, quoties pluit. Anne serenum 



168. ' Abandoning fictitious dis- 
putations.' LU. 

Raptor ; e. g. Paris, who carried off 
Helen; Jason, who carried off Medea. 
LU. cf. Sen. Controv. Quint. Declam. 
PR. 

169. ' Poison, such as that mixed by 
Medea for Creusa, the youthful bride of 
Jason, her faithless and ungrateful hus- 
band, (LU. Sen. Cont. ii. 5. PR.) is 
no longer heard of. R. 

170. ' The drugs which promised to 
restore to all the faculties of youth the 
blind and aged Pelias.' Ov. M. vii. 
297—349. LU. Hygin. 24. Diodor. IV. 
51 sq. R. 

171. Cf. vi. 113. PR. Mart. III. 
xxxvi. 10. R. 

' The sophist indeed, if he followed 
my advice, would not rush into a Scylla 
(cf. 106—149.) to escape from a Cha- 
rybdis ; but would strike out into a quite 
different line of life.' R. cf. tenta, fyc. 
175 sqq. 

173. Cf. Sen. Contr. iii. prcef. R. 

174. The poorer citizens were furnished 
monthly, on the nones, by the magis- 
trates with a ' small tablet' of lead or 
wood ; which, on being presented to the 
keepers of the public granaries, entitled 
the bearers to a certain quantity ' of 
corn,' either gratis, or upon some small 
payment : Tac. A. xv. 39. These tal- 
lies, as appears from the text, were trans- 
ferable : those who were not in want of 
corn disposed of them for a ' trifling 
sum.' LU. LI. Pers. v. 73 sq. (K.) PR. 
cf. Suet. Aug. 42. Caes. 41. (CAS.) Dio 
xliii. 21. lx. 10. Or vilis frumenti * of 
damaged corn.' K. R. 



175. ' For this is the utmost return 
they have to expect.' R. lautissima, with 
reference to lautos just below, may be a 
sneer at the paltry pittance which no- 
blemen devoted to the education of 
their sons : ' a right honourable remune- 
ration truly ! ' 

176. Chrysogonus, vi. 74. was a fa- 
vourite singer, and Pollio, vi. 387. a 
favourite musician ; both of them men of 
loose principles. Theodorus (according 
to Hesychius) was an infamous profligate. 
' The wealthy nobles place their sons, at 
an enormous expense, under the tuition 
of this singing-master and this music- 
master, from whom they learn every 
thing that is bad.' ACH. See note on vi. 
452. He says ' the Art' of Theodorus ; 
because Theodorus of Gadara, an eminent 
rhetorician in the reign of Tiberius, 
(Suet. 57. Quint, iii. 1. 1 1. i. 12. iv. 2. 
Strab. xiii. p. 625. xvi. p. 759. Lucian 
in Macrob.) wrote several works. PR. 
R. 

177. Scindens 'dividing, explaining in 
detail.' M. 

178. On the magnificence of the Ro- 
man ' baths,' see Sen. Ep. 51. 86. 
Plin. Ep. ii. 17. v. 6. Vitr. v. 10. 
GR. 

Sexcentis; nearly £5000. i. 92, note. 

Porticus ; iv. 5 sqq. GR. " More for a 
spacious portico they pay, In which to 
amble on a showery day. Shall they, 
for brighter skies, at home remain? Or 
dash their pamper'd mules through mud 
and rain 1 No : let them ride beneath 
the stately roof, For there no mire can 
soil the shining hoof." G. intra limen 
latus essedo cursus; Mart. XII. lvii. 23. 



192 THE SATIRES sat 

180 Exspectet spargatque luto jumenta recenti? 

Hie potius: namque hie mundae nitet ungula mulae. 
Parte alia longis Numidarum fulta columnis 
Surgat et algentem rapiat ccenatio solem. 
Quanticumque domus, veniet, qui fercula docte 

185 Componat; veniet, qui pulmentaria condat. 
Hos inter sumtus sestertia Quintiliano, 
Ut multum, duo sufficient. Res nulla minoris 
Constabit patri, quam filius. " Unde igitur tot 
Quintilianus habet saltus ?" Exempla novorum 

190 Fatorum transi : felix etpulcer et acer; 
Felix et sapiens et nobilis et generosus 
Appositam nigrae lunam subtexit alutae : 



182. Columnas ultima recisus Africa; 
Hor. II Od. xviii. 4 sqq. LU. Plin. 
xxxvi. 6. PR. Id. v. 3. Stat. S. I. v. 36. 
(73.) R. Id. quoted in the note on iii. 
258. 

183. The rich had different dining- 
parlours, according to the different sea- 
sons of the year. Varr. L. L. iv. cf. 
Suet. Aug. 72. Ner. 31. CAS. Col. i. 
5 sq. Plin. Ep. I. xvii. 10 sqq. R. ' This 
saloon caught the cool sun;' i.e. either 
the winter's sun by a southern aspect, 
or the early summer's sun by an eastern 
one. PR. 

184. " Cost these whatever sum, Cooks 
and confectioners are yet to come." G. 

Fercula; i. 94. docte componat ; cf. v. 
120 sqq. R. 

185. Pulmentaria' victuals' in general : 
so called from puis, which the Romans 
long used instead of b r e a d. Pers. vi. 40. 
Cic. T. Q. v. 90. PR. xiv. 171. Plin. 
xviii. 8. R. 

186. Little more than £16 per annum, 
to the first-rate rhetorician, vi. 280. R. 
and 75. G. 

187. ' At the outside.' The whole of 
this passage, from v. 178. seems an imi- 
tation of Crates the Theban : t'i6u pa- 
yi'i(>M f/btas y&XK, iec<r(>6p o*gu%ju.riv. xoXaxi 
rdXavret Vixct, evfi.p>tvXeu xavrvov. To^iy 
t&Xuvtoi , tpiXeffoQw T£uo(ioXoV Eph. in his 
Life by Laert. GR. 

188. Filius * the education of a son.' 
Juvenal instances Quintilian as a rich 

man, while Pliny, in a letter which does 
equal honour to himself and his master, 
(for such Quintilian was,) talks of his 



moderate fortune, vi. 32. This dis- 
crepancy may be accounted for by the 
different circumstances of the two writers. 
What appeared immense to Juvenal, 
might be far from seeming so to such a 
wealthy man as Pliny. It is satisfactory, 
however, to know, that this amiable and 
virtuous character experienced none of 
the neglect and poverty which over- 
whelmed so many of his brethren. G. R. 
He taught rhetoric for twenty years ; he 
was also the first who opened a public 
school at Rome ; and he had an annual 
salary from the treasury, of more than 
£800. cf. Mart. II. xc. Cassiodor. LU. 
R. G. 

189. ' Instances of unprecedented good 
fortune.' T. 

190. ' He is lucky ; and luck is every 
thing : if a man has but luck, he has all 
goods, corporeal, intellectual, and exter- 
nal.' LU. cf. Hor. I Ep. i. 106 sqq. 
I S. iii. 121 sq. R. 

192. Senators had black shoes of 
tanned leather ; the form was somewhat 
like a short boot, reaching nearly to the 
middle of the leg, as they are sometimes 
seen in statues and bas-reliefs ; with a 
crescent, or the letter C, in front of 
them ; because the original number of 
senators was one hundred. VS. FA. 
G. Plut. Q. R. PR. This moon was 
a silver or ivory buckle worn above the 
instep : to rvftfiokev rtis tvyiviius ^rt^iti^- 
Ttifttvas to? UTobvifAeiTi' Tovra 'IffTiv 
IxurQvgtov tXt<pu,vTivov p.*)voiib"is' Philostr. 
V. Her. ii. 8. p. 55. (OL.) Marcellus 
derives the origin of this ornament from 



SAT. VI r. 



OF JUVENAL. 



193 



Felix, orator quoque maximus et jaculator ; 
Etsi perfrixit, cantat bene. Distat enim, quae 
195 Sidera te excipiant moclo priraos incipientem 
Edere vagitus et adhuc a matre rubentem. 
Si Fortuna volet, fies de rhetore consul : 
Si volet hoec eadem, fies de consule rhetor. 
Ventidius quid enim ? quid Tullius ? anne aliud. 



quam 



the Tuscans (cf. SV, on Virg. yE. viii. 
458.), and from Mercury, who, in rescu- 
ing iEneas from the Greeks, placed 
karz(>'oiv<rtt, Tto) trCfivga. tt'CSiXo., tu Xiyoutrt 
za) 'Egf&Kavci <pogrivea' o %l ei trio) To<r<r) 
ffauTYi(> Taf^tpavouv hixuro erik'/jvui^i xu- 
x\os alyXns' v. 23 sqq. in Br. An. t. ii. 
p. 302 sq. non hesterna sedet lunata lin~ 
gula planta ; Mart. II. xxix. 7. Of new 
nobles, the saying was : cv rhv ivy'iniav iv 
toTs utrrgxyuXeis %%US> J. Ov. Her. ix. 
60. (if.) R. 

Nigris medium impediit cms pellibus, 
et latum demisit pectore clavum ; Hor. 
I S. vi. 27 sq. PR. Yet Martial has 
coccina cingit aluta pedem ; II. xxix. 8. 
and Ovid, speaking of a lady, nivea aluta; 
A. A. iii. 271. (H). cf. also Vopisc. Aur. 
49. Plin. ix. 17. FE. R. 

193. Jaculator ' a logician.' LU. vi. 
450. PR. note on 156. M. jaculatio 
verborum ; Quint, vi. 3. R. 

194. ' Though hoarse with a cold.' 
p e rfr ixisse tuas questa est prcefatio 
fauces ; Mart. III. xviii. 1. FA. Front. 
Strat. I. xii. 11. R. 

195. ' The stars which preside over 
the natal hour make all the difference.' 
LU. vi. 553, note ; sqq. R. 570, notes. 
Pers. v. 45 sqq. PR. ix. 32 sqq. M. 
Some, according to the proverb, are 
" born with a gold spoon in their mouth." 

196. A new-born infant looks red, 
owing to its thin and tender skin. PR. 
BRO. 

197. Natura,fatum, fortuna, casus, 
unius et ejusdem Dei nomina sunt ; Sen. 
LU. cf. iii. 39 sq. R. 

Quintilianus, consularia per Clementem 
ornament a sortitus, honestamenta nominis 
potius videtur quam insignia potestatis 
habuisse ; Aus. Gr. Act. p. 712. Fronto* 
nem Anlonini Augusti magistrum co?isu~ 
latus ornavit ; ibid. PR. Suet, de 111. 
Pvh. 1. Ausonius himself was advanced 
to the consulship (in a succeeding age) 
by his pupil Gratian, A.D. 379. ibid. 
G. 



198. Valerius Licinianus, LU. a most 
eloquent speaker, was expelled the senate, 
about this time, on suspicion of an inces- 
tuous intrigue with the vestal Cornelia, 
(ii. 29, note) and banished into Sicily, 
where he setup a school; exul de sena- 
tore, rhetor de oratore factus. His open- 
ing speech is very like the above distich: 
" Quos tibi, Fortuna, ludos facis? Facis 
enim ex professoribus senatores, ex sena- 
toribus pr^>fessores!' , Plin. Ep. iv. 11. 
PR. G. cf. eund. vii. 42 sqq. R. Our 
times afford more extraordinary instances 
of the sport of Fortune. ACH. The pre- 
sent king of the French, Louis-Philippe, 
once kept a school. 

199- P. Ventidius Bassus was born at 
Asculum in the Picenian territory, and 
led in triumph, with his mother, among 
the captives taken in the Social War by 
Cn. Pomp. Strabo, father of Pompey the 
Great. He became an errand-boy, next 
a wagoner, then a muleteer, a soldier, 
centurion, and (by the influence of Cassar 
and the two Antonii) tribune of the 
people, praetor, and, in the same year, 
pontiff and consul. He obtained a splen- 
did triumph (201.) over the Parthians, 
and, finally, was honoured with a public 
funeral. His elevation to the consulship 
was considered, at the time, as an extra- 
ordinary event, and gave rise to many 
sarcastic effusions. One of these is come 
down to us : concurrite omnes augures, 
aruspic.es! portentum inusitatum confla- 
tum est recens ; nam mulos qui fricabat 
consul factus est. Time, however, which 
does justice to merit, established his 
claims and silenced, perhaps shamed, his 
enemies. V. Max. vi. 9 sq. Cic. Ep. Fam. 
10. Gell. xv. 4. Plin. vii. 43. Plut. V. 
Ant.t.i. p. 931. Dio xlviii sq. App. B. C. 
i. 47. (W.)iii. 66. 80. iv. 2. v. 31—35. 
50. 65. B. P. 71—74. VS. LU. PR. R. 
G. 

Servius Tullius, who was born of a 
female slave, succeeded Tarquin the 
Elder, LU. and was the sixth and the last 



2c 



194 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VII. 



200 Sidus et occulti miranda potentia fati ? 

Servis regna dabunt, captivis Fata triumphos. 

Felix ille tamen corvo quoque rarior albo. 

Poenituit multos vanse sterilisque cathedrae, 

Sicut Thrasymachi probat exitus atque Secundi 
205 Carrinatis : et hunc inopem vidistis, Athena?, 

Nil prseter gelidas ausse conferre cicutas. 

Di, majorum umbris tenuem et sine pondere terram 

Spirantesque crocos et in urna perpetuum ver, 



good king (201. VS.) of Rome: viii. 
260. G. Liv. i. 39 sqq. Flor. i. 6. Eutr. 
PR. 

200. Nescia mens hominum fati sortis- 
que futurce ; Virg. JE. x. 501. DO. cf. 
Cic. de Fato. PR. 

201. P. Ventidius ex Parthis, et per 
Parthns de Crassi nianibus in hostili solo 
miserubi titer jacentibus, triumphum duxit; 
et qui captivus curcerem cxhorruerat, 
victor Capitolium felicitate celebravit ; 
V. Max. vi. 9. PR. 

202. Ille i. e. Quintilian. VS. 

A proverb like that in vi. 165. DO. 
Hence the oracle to Phalanthus, egs/v rbv 
%&/guv, '(us xoguxi; ktuxo) yUavrur Ath. 
viii. 16. R. White ravens are occasion- 
ally met with : Aristotle. One was sent 
to Alphonso king of Sicily by the king of 
England. Another was seen by RH. 
PR. 

203. ' Of the profession of rhetoric' 
circum pulpita nostra et steriles cathe- 
dras basia sola crepant ; Mart. I. lxxvii. 
13 sq. PR. note on 49. R. 

204. G(>u<rvftct%os X.ocXxn'hovios (rotpierry.s 
\v Biivv'ia., og Tguro; TS^Io^ev xcci xuXov 
x.a.r'ihii\i xcti tov vuv tyi; pnrogixvs t^'ottov 
Uffny^o'oc.'TO' fia0t)7'/i; UXutuvos tov (piXo- 
c'otyov xcti ' IpoxgoiTov; tov p'/jTogo;' \ygai]/t 
(Tv/u fiauXiVTtxovg , <rt%vwv pnrogix.y)v , TTot'iyvtcc, 
u<pogju.cc; pyiTo^ixot;' Suid. cf. Cic. Or. iii. 
12. 16.32. Quint. III. i. 10. iii. 4. R. 
Thrasymachus shut up his school at 
Athens for want of encouragement, and 
afterwards hung himself. VS. FA. Plat. 
de Rep. Dionys. Hal. fr. de Vet. Orat. 
VL. 

Secundvs Carrinas was driven by 
poverty from Athens to Rome. On ac- 
count of a rhetorical declamation against 
tyrants, (note on 151.) he was banished 
by Caligula. FA. Dio lix. 20. PR. Tac. 
A. xv. 45. (LI.) R. 



205. ' You too, Athens,' i. e. Athens 
as well as Rome, cicutas will mean 
'your hemlock, which you reserve as a 
reward for indigent genius.' 

206. ' Cold.' (cf. note on i. 72.) 
Cicuta quoque venerium est, publico Athe- 
niensium pcena invisa. semen habet noxium. 
semini et foliis refrigeratoria vis: 
quos enecat, iticipiunt algere ab extremi- 
(atibus corporis, remedio est, priusquam 
perveniat ad vitalia, virii natura excalfac- 
toria. sed in vino pota irremediabilis 
existimatur; Plin. xxv. 13 s95, 4. Diosc. 
iv. 79. in Alex. 11. Cicutam potam 
caligo mentisque alienatio et artuum ge- 
latio insequitur; Scrib. Larg. de Comp. 
Med. 179. Schol. on Pers. v. 145. (K.) 
R. Plat. Pha;d. 66. 

There is an allusion here to the con- 
demnation of Socrates, who was adjudged 
to die by drinking hemlock. Pers.iv. 1 sq. 
PR. 

207. Dale or dent is understood, sit tibi 
terra levis, mollique tegaris arena ; Mart. 
IX. xxx. 1 1. M. Hence the letters fre- 
quently placed on tombs S. T. T. L. 
" Light lie the earth on thee :" opposed 
to which are the maledictions, sit tibi ter- 
ra gravis! tirgeat ossa lapis ! duriter ossa 
cubent! GR. FA. LU. R. istam (Phce- 
dram) terra defossam premat, gravisque 
tellus impio capiti incubet ; Sen. Hip. 
1280. cf. Pers. i. 37 sqq. PR. And the 
well-known epigram on Sir John Van- 
brugh, the architect of Blenheim ; " Lie 
heavy on him, earth ! for he Laid many 
a heavy load on thee." 

208. The ancients used to strew fra- 
grant nosegays, annually, on the tombs of 
their departed friends, and even believed 
that flowers grew spontaneously on the 
graves, so that the shades of the deceased 
enjoyed ' a perpetual spring.' Suet. Aug. 
18. Ath. xv. p. 679. Anth. Lat. (BU.) 



SAT. VII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



195 



Qui praeceptorem sancti voluere parentis 
210 Esse loco. Metuens virgae jam grandis Achilles 
Cantabat patriis in montibus : et cui non tunc 
Eliceret risum citharcedi cauda magistri ? 
Sed Rufum atque alios caedit sua quaeque juventus, 
Rufum, qui toties Ciceronem Allobroga dixit. 
215 Quis gremio Enceladi doctique Palaemonis affert, 

Quantum grammaticus meruit labor ? Et tamen ex hoc, 
Quodcumque est, (minus est autem, quam rhetoris aera) 
Discipuli custos prasmordet Accenonoetus 



II. iv. 99. 186. 247. Anal. Br. t. ii. p. 
25. t. iii. p. 303. This notion seems 
closely connected with the fabled meta- 
morphoses of many heroes of antiquity 
into flowers. Pers. i. 35 sqq. Suet. Ner. 
75.((MS'.) Prop. I.xvii. 22. (FC7.) Per- 
fumes and odoriferous flowers, ' crocus' 
(Plin. xxi. 6.) among the rest, were used 
at funerals and scattered either on the 
funeral pile or on the bones. Tib. III. ii. 
23 sq. J A. Kl, de Fun. Rom. iii. 5. iv. 3. 
OU. GRU. K. R. PR. iv. 109, note, see 
Shaksp. Cymb. IV. ii. and the Dirge by 
Collins. A like custom still prevails in 
France. 

209. Alexander, the pupil of Aristotle, 
is reported to have said : prceceptoribus 
plura, quam ipsis parentibus, debemus ; 
quum ab his vivendi, ah illis bene vivendi 
rationem adipiscamur. cf. 238 sq. Sen. Ben. 
vi. 16, extr. Quint, ii. 2. 9 pr. LU. PR. 

210. * In awe of the rod,' v. 154. 
■ regarding his preceptor with respectful 
deference.' LU. Phillyrides puerum 
cithara perfecit Achillen, atque a n i- 
mos placida contudit arte feros: qui 
toties socios, toties eiterruit hostes, credihir 
annosum pertimuisse senem : quas Hector 
sensnrus erat, poscente magistro, verberibus 
jussas prcebuit ille manus ; Ov. A. A. i. 
*11 sqq. PR. Stat. Ach. i. 503 sqq. (B.) 
R. 

211. ' Learnt to sing and accompany 
his voice on the lyre.' PR. nobilis grandi 
cecinit Centaurus alumno ; Hor. Ep. 
xiii. 11. R. 

Mount Pelion in Thessaly ; LU. the 
abode of the Centaurs. Apoll. II. v. 4. 

212. Chiron, (iii. 205. PR.) one of the 
sons of Saturn and Phillyra, being a 
centaur, had the body and tail of a 
horse. LU. He had many heroes for 
his pupils. Apoll. III. xiii. 6. (HF.) R. 



213. Satrius Ritfus, cuifuit cum Cice- 
rone cemulatio ; Plin. Ep. I. v. 11. R. 
or Q. Curtius Ritfus, of whom nothing 
further is known than that he was an 
eminent rhetorician. GR. A very elo- 
quent native of Gaul. VS. 

Olim populi prius honorem capiebat suf- 
fragio, quam magistri desinebat esse dicto 
obediens, §c. G. but now puer septuennis 
pcedagogo tabula dirumpit caput ; Plaut. 
Bac. III. iii. 37. M. 

214. This ' Rufus arraigned the pu- 
rity of Tully's style,' G. charging him 
with provincialisms and barbarisms, such 
as were only current among the natives 
of Savoy and those parts, satis constat 
nec Ciceroni quidem obtrectatores defuisse, 
quibus injiatus et tumens, nec satis pressus, 
supra modum exsultans et superfiuens vide- 
retur; Tac. de Or. 18. 22. (LI.) Calvus 
called him solutum et enervem ; Brutus 
elumbem et fractum. For a defence of 
him see Gell. xvii. 1. Quint. XI. i. 3. 
XII. x. 1. Or an historical declamation 
may be alluded to, which went to prove 
that Cicero had, in the affair of Catiline, 
identified himself with the Allobroges 
rather than with his fellow-countrymen. 
Sail. B. C. PR. R. 

215. ' To the lap.' see St Luke vi. 
38. M. 

Of Enceladus nothing further is known. 

Palcemon; vi. 452. LU. He was in 
the receipt of a good annual income ; G. 
as his school brought him in forty sestertia 
and he had little less in private property : 
making together about £650 per annum. 
R. 

216. Grammaticus; Petr. 55. Ath. xv. 
1. Quint, i. 4. Gell. xiv. 5. PR. Pallad. 
Ep. 46 in Br. An. t. ii. p. 417. R. 

218. ' The servant, who takes his 
little master to the day-school, must have 



196 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VII. 



Et, qui dispensat, franget sibi. Cede, Palaemon, 
220 Et patere inde aliquid decrescere, non aliter, quam 
Institor hibernae tegetis niveique cadurci, 
Dummodo non pereat, mediae quod noctis ab hora 
Sedisti, qua nemo faber, qua nemo sederet, 
Qui docet obliquo lanam deducere ferro ; 
225 Dummodo non pereat, totidem olfecisse lucernas, 
Quot stabant pueri, quum totus decolor esset 
Flaccus et haereret nigro fuligo Maroni. 
Rara tamen merces, quae cognitione tribuni 
Non egeat. Sed vos saevas imponite leges, 
230 Ut praeceptori verborum regula constet, 



the first nibble.' The metaphor is 
taken from a slice of bread sent, by the 
hands of a hungry messenger, to a third 
person. M. 

219. 1 The steward breaks a bit off, 
before it leaves his hands.' M. 

" Courage, Palaunon, be not over 
nice, But suffer some abatement in your 
price ; As those who deal in rugs, will 
ask you high, And sink by pence, and 
half-pence, till you buy." G. Neither 
the advice nor the simile could be very 
palatable to the arrogance and self-im- 
portance of the grammarian. Bill. It is 
said however that he was very attentive 
to the main chance ; cum qfficinus pro- 
mercalium vestium exercertl ; §c. Suet. 
111. Gr. 23. R. 

220. Inde i. e. ex hoc ; 216. 

221. • The salesman' or ' factor,' who 
sold upon commission, and sometimes 
travelled about with goods for the manu- 
facturer, cf. Hor. Ill Od. vi. 30. JN. 
Prop. IV. ii. 38. (BK.) R. Mart. XII. 
lvii. 14. [Livy xxii, 25, 16. ED.] 

Tegetis; v. 8. Cadurci ; vi. 537. R. 

222. The early hour at which these 
schools opened is noticed also by Martial : 
(note on 126.) quid tibi nobiscutn, ludi 
scelerate magister, invisum pueris virgini- 
busque caput 1 nondum cristati rupere 
silentia galli : mur mure jam scevo verberi- 
busque tonas. Vicini sumnum non tota 
node rogamus: nam vigilare leve est, per- 
vigilare grave ; I. lxix. 1 sqq. 9 sq. PR. 
nec cogitandi necquiescendi in Urbe locus est 
pauperi ; negant vitam ludimagistri mane, 
<Sfc. numerare pigri damna quis potest 
somni? XII. lvii. 3 sqq. 15. Pers. iii. 
1 sqq. R. 



223. The master sat in his chair, 
203. while the boys stood; 226. GR. R. 

224. They combed wool with a card, 
which had ' crooked iron' teeth, like 
those now in use. M. doctissimus artis 
lunificcc, moderator pec tine unco; 
Claud. Eut. ii. 381 sq. R. 

Deducere; 54. Tib. 1. vi. 78—80. 
(JHY.) R. 

225. Each boy had his lamp, because 
it was not yet day-light. LU. 

226. From this passage we learn, that 
Virgil and Horace were the standard 
books in the grammar schools of those 
days. cf. Quint. X. i. 85. PR. I. i. 12. 
viii. 5. Petr. 5. Cic. de Or. i. 42. R. 

228. " E'en then, the stipend thus 
reduced, (2 16 sqq. R.) thus small, With- 
out a law-suit, rarely comes at all." G. 

• The tribune, who presided in the 
court of requests for the recovery of 
small debts,' and was therefore called 
a er avius. GR. A. Trials, which at 
first were entirely in the hands of the 
senators, by the Sempronian law of C. 
Gracchus were transferred to the eques- 
trian order, then by the Livian and 
Plautian laws to the senators and knights, 
afterwards by C Sulla they were restored 
to the senate, and lastly by the Aurelian 
law of L. Aur. Cotta they were made 
common to the three classes : the tri- 
bunes of money matters were chosen 
from the plebeians. Julius Ca?sar when 
dictator abolished the latter decuria, which 
was presently reinstated by Augustus. R. 

229. ' I would have you, who are pa- 
rents, show the master no mercy.' PR. 

230. ' He must know the rules for 
every word.' M. 



SAT. VII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



197 



Ut legat historias, auctores noverit omnes, 
Tamquam ungues digitosque suos ; ut forte rogatus, 
Dum petit aut thermas aut Phoebi balnea, dicat 
Nutricem Anchisae, nomen patriamque novercae 

235 Anchemoli ; dicat, quot Acestes vixerit annos, 
Quot Siculus Phrygibus vini donaverit urnas. 
Exigite, ut mores teneros ceu pollice ducat, 
Ut si quis cera vultum facit : exigite, ut sit 
Et pater ipsius ccetus, ne turpia ludant, 

240 Ne faciant vicibus. Non est leve, tot puerorum 
Observare manus oculosque in fine trementes." 



231. ' Universal history, and all the 
classics,he must have at his fingers' ends.' 
M. non satis est poetas legisse, excutiendum 
omne scriptorum genus, non propter his- 
torias modo sed et verba, quce frequenter 
jus ab auctoribus sumunt. sola grammatica 
omni studiorum genere plus habet operis 
quam osteritationis • Quint. I. iv. PR. XI. 
iii. 114. R. 

233. (1) ' Either the hot or the cold 
baths.' LU. Phoebus is said to have 
been a bath-keeper at Rome. This was 
the name of one of Nero's freed-men : 
Tac. An. xvi. 5. (2) ' Either artificial 
or natural baths the latter being warmed 
only by the sun. (3) ' The baths of 
Baiee or Cumae ;' the latter being de- 
signated by the name of its guardian 
god : non Phazbi vada, principesque Baice; 
Mart. VI. xlii. 7. PR. R. Wealthy 
noblemen used to send for literary men 
to enjoy their conversation at the baths. 
HG. 

234. This absurd curiosity about trifles 
(which, as Seneca well observes, nec 
juvat nec prodest scire) was but too com- 
mon among the ancients. Gellius gives 
us many pleasant instances of it, to which 
his learned translator has added more. 
Juvenal seems to allude to Tiberius, who 
used to harass these poor men, by en- 
quiring who was a Hecuba's mother, what 
the Sirens used to sing, &c. &c. It is 
impossible to suppress a smile at the per- 
verse industry of modern critics in hunt- 
ing out what Juvenal represents as puz- 
zling those of his own time. ' The nurse 
of Anchises and the step-dam of Anche- 
molus' are no longer secrets. G. Sen. Ep. 
88. 98. 108. Gell. xiv. 6. Suet. Tib. 56. 
70. FA. The latter is said to have been 



Casperia; SV. Virg. JEn. x. 389. PR. 
the former, Tisiphone. VS. Quint. I. viii. 
Sen. de Br. V. 18. R. 

235. Acestes, king of Sicily j cevi matu- 
rus; Virg. JEn. v. 73. PR. 

236. Quot : cf. Virg. Mn. i. 195 sq. 
(HY.) PR. 

Siculus ' the Sicilian king.' see note on 
tov Kok%ev Her. i. 2. 

237. The moral education of his pupils 
must be equally attended to. Suet. 111. 
Gr. 23. R. Pers. v. 36—40. PR. 

' That he mould.' Pers. v. 40. (K.) 
PR. excudent alii spirantia mollius 
cera, vivos due en t de marmore vultus ; 
Virg. JE. vi. 848 sq. M. Mart. VIII. vi. 

10. Ov. M. i. 402. fingere mentes ; Sil. 
i. 441. robora in rectum, quamvis fiexa 
revocabis ; curvatas trabes calor explicat et 
aliter natce in id Jinguntur, quod usus 
noster exigit : quanto facilius animus ac- 
cipit formam, Jleiibilis et omni humore 
obsequentior ; Sen. Ep. 50. R. 

238. Thus Horace speaks of the young 
as cereus in vitium flecti\ A. P. 163. 
PR. cf. Pers. iii. 23 sq. ut Hymettia 
sole cera remollescit, tractataque pol- 
lice multas flectitur in fades, ipsoque 

Jit utilis usu; Ov. M. x. 284 sqq. qualiter 
artifici victurce pollice cerae accipiunt 

formas, ignemque manumque sequuntur ; 
Stat. Ach. i. 332 sq. Plin. Ep. VII. ix. 

11. R. 

239. Pater ; Quint. II. ii. PR. cf. 209 
sq. R. 

' Lest they play obscenely.' M. 

240. ' Lest they corrupt each other.' 
VS. 

The schoolmaster observes, that he has 
no light task imposed on him. R. 

241. ' Tremulous;' ii. 94. R. 



198 



THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. 



SAT. VII. 



" Hsec" inquit " cures; e 
" Accipe (victori populus 

242. The father insists upon having 
all these points attended to. VS. 

' When March comes round again/ 
(which was the first month of the Roman 
year,) ' you shall be paid.' Macr. i. 12. 
PR. 

243. ' As much gold' (i. e. five pieces, 
cf. 122.) ' as is given, at the request of 
the people, to a victorious'(l) ' charioteer 
in the circus,' Mart. X. Ixxiv. 5. ihavro 



t, quum se verterit annus, 
quod postulat) aurum." 



a.^n^.a.roviroc. (Heliogabalus is meant) 
ko,) %gutrou{, ui wig rivet, <ruf w^ovrav , 
airovvra- Xiph. Hel. Or (2) ' gladiator 
in the amphitheatre,' Suet. Claud. 21. 
Or (3) ' actor in the theatre ;' Tac. An. 
i. 83. (LI.) SA, p. 911. So that these 
men get as much in one hour, as a 
schoolmaster for the whole year. A. VS. 
FA. PR. cf. Pallad. Ep. xlvi. in Br. An. 
{J A.) R. 



SATIRE VIII. 



ARGUMENT. 

In this Satire, in which Juvenal puts on a most serious and impressive air, 
he demonstrates that distinction is merely personal ; 19 — 30. that though 
we may derive rank and titles from our ancestors, yet if we degenerate 
from the virtues by which they obtained them, we cannot be considered 
as truly noble. 1 — 18. 30 — 38. We estimate animals not from their 
pedigree but from their excellencies. 56 — 67. Merit constitutes true 
nobility; 30 sqq. 211 sqq. in this, men of inferior origin are frequently 
pre-eminent. 39 sqq. and in this, men of high birth ought to aim at dis- 
tinction. 68 — 86. 

The Satire branches out into many collateral topics. From the profligacy 
of the young nobility, he passes, by an easy transition, to the miserable 
state of the provinces, which were usually placed under their manage- 
ment, and which they plundered and harassed without mercy. 87 sqq. 
(cf. Pliny Ep. to Max. viii. 24.) This part of his Satire is treated with 
a freedom of thought, and an elevation of language, worthy of the best 
times of the republic. 

From this, he returns once more to the main subject, 142 sqq. the state of 
debasement into which the descendants of the first families had volun- 
tarily sunk : 145 sqq. he severely lashes their meanness, cowardice, and 
base prostitution of every kind ; 183 — 210. vices which he sets in the 
strongest light, by contrasting them with the opposite virtues, to be 
found in persons of the lowest station and the humblest descent. 231 sqq. 
Seneca is placed in contraposition to Nero: 211 — 230. Cicero with 
Catiline and Cethegus on the one hand, and Octavius on the other : 
231—244. Mari us with Catulus. 245—253. The Decii 254—258 and 
Servius Tuilius 259 sq. are then adduced. And lastly the noble traitors 
of the house of Brutus are contrasted with the patriotic slave. 261 — 268. 

Considered as a whole, this is a very fine performance. We may perhaps 
discover a triteness in some of these latter instances ; but perhaps the 
poet was willing to sacrifice novelty to notoriety, and imagined that his 
examples would be more effectual in proportion as they were more 
generally recognized. 

He winds up with the reflexion, that of the two it is far better by personal 
merits and exploits to throw a splendor around a low origin than to 
sully the highest by degenerate vices. 269 — 271. And the most ancient 
Roman ancestry, after all, was of a very questionable character in point 
of respectability. 272—275. 

The detailed history of Nero's enormities shows this Satire to have been 
written while they were yet fresh in the author's mind, probably before 
the death of Vespasian, (see note on 51.) G. R. 

Horace has handled the same subject (I Satire vi.) more methodically and in 
a less declamatory style. K. There is an excellent German translation 
of this Satire by von Denis. R. Boileau Despreaux has given a version 
of it, (Satire v.) which, though almost literal, is very inferior to the 
original. ACH. To these may be added " High Birth, a Satire ad- 
dressed to a young Nobleman ; in imitation of the Eighth Satire of 
Juvenal. London. 1821." 8vo. pp. 48. 



200 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VIII. 



Stemmata quid faciunt ? Quid prodest, Pontice, longo 
Sanguine censeri pictosque ostendere vultus 
Majorum et stantes in curribus JEmilianos 
Et Curios jam dimidios humerosque minorem 
5 Corvinum et Galbam auriculis nasoque carentem ? 
Quis fructus generis tabula jactare capaci 
fCorvinum, posthac multa contingere virgaf 



1. ' Genealogical trees.' stem mate 
quod Tusco ramum millesime ducis; 
Pers. iii. 28. LU. The images of noble 
ancestors were connected by festoons 
formed with garlands of flowers, which 
went regularly from father to son, so that 
the pedigree could be traced thereby. 
These images were ranged in their halls, 
19 sq. and porticoes, vi. 163. Hin.xxxv. 
1 — 5. (HA.) R. Nobilem non facit atrium 
plenum J'umosis imaginibus: animus facit 
nobilem, &;c. Sen. Ep. 44. gut imagines 
in atrio exponunt, et nomina families nice 
longo online, ac mullis stemmatum illi- 
gata Jlexuris, in parte prima ccdium collo- 
cant ; noti magis quam nobiles sunt ; Id. 
Ben. iii. 28. LI. RF. satins est me meis 
rebus gestis Jlorere, quam majorum opiuione 
niti, utque ita vivere, ut tint ego posteris 
meis nobilitatis initium, et virtutis exem- 
plum ; Cic. in Sallust: nam genus et 
proavos et quce rum fechmis ipsi, vix ea 
nostra voco ; Ov. M. xiii. 40 sq. PR, nam 
quid imaginibus, quid uvitis fulta trium- 
phis atria, quid pleni numeroso consule 
fasti prof 'iter hit, si vita labatl perit omnis 
in illo nobilitas, cujus laus est in origine 
sola ; Author of the Paneg. ad Pis. 8 sqq. 
GR. Nihil, eruccv fa c iu fit, nec pro- 
sit nt satureia ; Mart. III. Ixxv. 3 sq. 
Ov. Tr. III. viii. 23. BU. Of Ponticus 
nothing is known but the name. As 
Juvenal took an interest in his conduct, 
this young nobleman had probably some 
sparks of worth. As we do not find he 
afterwards distinguished himself, we may 
hope that his virtues were greater than 
his talents, and, that if he did not add to 
his family honours, the poet's admo- 
nitions prevented him, at least, from tar- 
nishing them. G. He might be descended 
from the heroic poet of the same name, 
in the Augustan age, who was the author 
of a Thebaid. Prop. I. vii. ix. Ov. Tr. 
IV. x. 47. R. 

Longo. Plin. ii. 33. LU. genus alto a 



sanguine Divum; Virsr. JE. iv. 230. 
SCH. 

2. ' Family portraits,' which were kept 
in cabinets, and only opened on festivals. 
Besides these there were masks of wax- 
work, resembling the deceased members 
of the family, which were carried in 
funeral processions. Q. LI. T. 

3. On statues and triumphal cars, see 
Plin. xxxiv. LU. cf. vii. 152. R. 

V. Com. Scipio JEmilianns, who ac- 
quired the appellations of Africanus Minor 
and Numantinus, 11. ii. 154. 146. He 
was also the conqueror of 1'erses king of 
Macedon ; Aur. Vict. PR. P. Scipio 
(the son of Africanus Major) adopted him 
into the Cornelian clan. R. 

4. Curii; ii. 3. LU. 

' Mutilated from the effects of time.' 
LU. xv. 57. dimidios Crispi equos; Mart. 
X. ii. 10. cf. iii. 219. xv. 5. R. 

Humeros minor is a Grecism, as fron- 
tem minor iruncam ; Sil. iii. 42. V. Flac. 
i. 582. Luc. ii. 717. R. 

5. M. Val. Max. Corrinus ; i. 108. 
acquired the latter name from his vic- 
tory, when military tribune, over a gigan- 
tic Gaul, in which he was aided by a 
raven. Liv. vii. 26. PR. 

Ser. Sulpicius Galha, the emperor, ii. 
104. traced his pedigree up to Jupiter. 
One of his ancestors is here meant. LU. 
Suet. 2 sq. PR. 

6. Cf. 135 sqq. Pers. iv. 46 sqq. 7?. 

' To display ostentatiously.' FA. LU. 
quamvis, Pontica pinus, sylvce filia nobilis, 
jactes et genus et nomen inutile; Hot. 
I Od. xiv. 11 sqq. note on Qccvrugtefar 
Her. vii. 10. 

7. ' The genealogical tables' were 
made out in the form of trees : the first 
founder of the family was the root, his 
immediate descendants the stem, and all 
the collaterals from them were ' the 
branches.' M. Or (2) ' by many fasces/ 
VS. of which a dictator had twenty-four, 



SAT. VIII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



201 



Fumosos Equitum cum Dictatore Magistros, 
Si coram Lepidis male vivitur ? Effigies quo 
10 Tot bellatorum, si luditur alea pernox 
Ante Numantinos ? si dormire incipis ortu 
Luciferi, quo signa duces et castra movebant ? 
Cur Allobrogicis et magna gaudeat ara 
Natus in Herculeo Fabius lare, si cupidus, si 

a consul twelve, and a master of the victoria cognomen Allobrogici sibimet ac 

horse six. LU. Or (3) ' to point out postals peperit ; V. Max. vi. 9. (cf. vii. 

with a wand to the persons before whom 214.) PR. Plin. vii. 50. xxxiii. 1 1. Liv. 

you display your pedigree.' SCH. Ep. Ixi. Flor. iii. 2. ER, CI. Cic. His 

8. Obrepsisti ad honores errore hominum, son Q. F. M. Persicus, in consequence 
commendatione fu mosarum imaginum, of his profligacy, was interdicted from the 
quarum simile habes nihil prceter colorem ; use of his father's estate by the city 
Cic. in Pis. 1. The kitchen was in the praetor Q. Pompeius, father of the tri- 
hall, on which account the latter was umvir. V. Max. III. v. 2. Sen. Ben. ii. 
called atrium from the ' black' colour. 21. iv. 30. T. LU. R. G. 

SV. SIG, Ant. J. C. R. ii. 20. PR.fumosa 'The great altar' stood in the Ox- 

stemmata ; Mart. VIII. vi. 3. Sen. Ep. market near the Flaminian Circus, and 

44. fada nigro simulacra fumo ; Hot. was consecrated to Hercules by Evander. 

Ill Od. vi. 4. ft. The Fabii claimed, by virtue of their 

9. M. JEmil. Lepidus, puer etiam turn descent from Hercules, the exclusive 
progressus in aciem, hoslem interemit, right to minister at it. VS. T. LU. Schol. 
civem servavit : cujus tarn memorabilis on Liv. i. 7. ix. 29. Plut. V. Fab. 
operis index est in Capitolio statua bullata Macr. iii. 6. Evandrum Alcides ruri- 
et incincta prcetexta, senatus consulto colasque vocat : constituitque sibi, quce 
pos\tailli,quijamvirtutimaturus,honori maxima dicitur, aram, hie ubi pars 
tempestivus ; V. Max. iii. 1. PR. Urbis de bove nomen habet ; Ov. F. i. 

Coram 'in the presence of their images;' 580 sqq. (H. BU.) PR. Virg. M. viii. 

VS. 144. R. 271. {HY.) R. 

' One lives ill.' nonnullis solet nobilitas Gaudeat ' not only be vain of it, 

generis parere ignobilitatem mentis ; Greg, but reap advantage from it.' non sine 

Dial. PR. ratione sacra est magnarum virtutum 

Quo ' to what end 1 ?' 142. xiv. 135. memoria: et esse plures bonos juvat, si 

xv. 61. Ov. Her. ii. 53. iv. 157. (H.) gratia bonorum non cum ipsis cadat 

10. Alea; i. 88. the nominative for the Quid nuper Fabium Persicum, cujus 
ablative. R. osculum etiam impiidici vitabant, sacer- 

Pernox; Virg. G. iii. 230. Thus vigi- dotem non in uno collegia fecit ; nisi Ver- 

les fenestra', iii. 275. L U. Pers. v. 57. rucosi et Allobrogici et Mi trecenti, 

PR. (ii. 155.) qui hostium incursioni pro re- 

11. Numantinos; 3. Flor. ii. 18. PR. publica unam domum objecerant? hoc 

12. The planet Venus was called debemus virtutibus, ut non prcesentes solum 
Vesper or Hesperus in the evening, and Mas, sed etiam ablatas e conspectu colamus; 
Lucifer or Phosphorus in the morning. Sen. Ben. iv. 30. PR. 

LU. nascere prceque diem veniens age, 14. Fabius, the founder of their family, 

Lucifer, almum; Virg. E. viii. 17. is said to have been the son of Hercules 

infra solem ambit ingens sidus appellatum by Vinduna, daughter of Evander. Plut. 

Veneris, alterno meatu vagum, ipsisque V. Fab. Sil. ii. 3. vi. 627 sqq. vii. 35. 

cognominibus cemulum solis ac lunce. prcz- 44. 48. viii. 217. Ov. Pont. III. iii. 100. 

veniens quippe et ante matutinum exoriens, F. ii. 237. 375 sqq. Macr. iii. 6. .R. 
Luciferi nomen accipit, ut sol alter, diem The Lares were common to the whole 

maturans. contra, ab occasu refulgens, clan, and were preserved by each family : 

nuncupatur Vesper, ut prorogans lucem privata sacra perpetuasunto ; a Law of the 

vicemque lunce reddens ; Plin. ii. 8. PR. XII Tables. Hence they are called 

13. Q. Fab. Max. JEmilianus Gallica paterni; xii. 89. patrii ; Tib. I. x. 15. 

2 D 



202 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VIII. 



15 Vanus et Euganea quantum\>is mollior agna; 
Si tenerum adtritus Catinensi pumice lumbum 
Squalentes traducit avos emtorque veneni 
Frangenda miseram funestat imaginegentem ? 
Tota licet veteres exornent undique cerse 



Synes. Ep. v. 72. Dl Penates parentum 
familioeque Lar pater ; Plaut. Merc. i. 5. 
PL. They are said to be the sons of 
Mercury and the nymph Lara : Ov. F. ii. 
According to Plato, good men became 
Lares after death, and wicked men, 
Lemures. PR. 

15. The Euganeans originally dwelt 
between the Alps and the Adriatic ; they 
were driven to the hills by the Veneti, 
and settled between the river A thesis 
and the lake Larius. Liv. i. ]. Their 
name was frequently applied to the Ve- 
netians, in whose territory was the town 
of Altinum at the mouth of the Silis, 
famous for its white wool : Mart. XIV. 
civ. (quoted in the note on vi. 150.) 
Colum. VII. ii. 3. Among other excel- 
lent sheep are named, the Circumpadancc ; 
Plin. viii. 48 s 73. and the Pollentince ; 
Mart. XIV. clvii. R. Plin. iv. 20. SCH. 

' More soft' denotes effeminacy : as 
agna Galccsi mollior Phulantini ; Mart. 
V. xxxvii. 2. R. 

16. " If, with anxious care, From his 
soft limbs he pumice every hair, And 
shame his rough-hewn sires !" G. 

Cutina (now Catania) a town of Sicily 
near iEtna, was buried by a shower of 
' pumice stones' in one of the eruptions 
of that mountain. Oros. v. 13. It liad 
been notorious for its luxury and profli- 
gacy. VS. T. It suffered much in 1669 
A.D. PR. and again in 1693. M. Its 
lands were damaged, according to Thu- 
cydides, in 425 B.C. 

Pumex ; in usu corporum lecvigandorum 
feminis,jam quidcm et viris ; Plin. xxxvi. 
21. PR. Ov. A. A. i. 506. R. 

17. ' He exposes to public derision.' 
The metaphor is taken from guilty per- 
sons being carried through the forum 
with the name and nature of their offence 
suspended round their neck. FA. Suet. 
Tit. 8. PR. cf. xi. 31. Liv. ii. 38. xxxiii. 
23. Mart. I. liv. 3. III. lxxiv. 5. VI. 
lxxvii. 5. R. Or ' conveys their images 
in funeral processions.' GE. 

Squalentes may be (1) synonymous 
with fumosos, 8. ' smoky and dusty from 



a ? e.' cf. Sil. i. 211. iii. 655. iv. 375. 
Virg. G. iii. 161. Apollon. ii. 1007. iii. 
411. Or (2) ' rough and manly,' ii. 11, 
note. Or (3) ' mourning for the dege- 
neracy of their posterity.' R. FA. 

18. The busts and statues of such as 
had been guilty of any capital crime were 
sometimes delivered up to the common 
executioner to be destroyed, that they 
might not disgrace the name, by being 
carried with the rest in the funeral pro- 
ces-ions of the family. LU. x. 58. PR. 
Plin. Pan. 52. Tac. A. vi. 2. (LI.) R. 
This might have operated as a very pow- 
erful preventive of vice, had it not, like 
many other salutary customs, been per- 
verted by the emperors and their favour- 
ites to the purposes of private hatred and 
revenge. Motions were sometimes made 
in the senate, for breaking the busts of 
such as were obnoxious to the tyrant of 
the day ; and even so early as the reign 
of Tiberius, we find that it was not con- 
sidered safe, in the splendid funeral of 
Junia, the wife of Cassius, to bring out 
among the numerous busts of her illus- 
trious family, eitherthat of her husband or 
that of her brother. " Could but our fa- 
thers break the bonds of fate. And see their 
offspring thus degenerate ; How they con- 
tend for birth and names unknown, And 
build on others' actions, not their own, 
They'd burn their titles, and their tombs 
deface, And disavow the vile, degenerate 
race : For fame of families is all a cheat, 
'Tis personal virtue only, makes us 
great;" De Foe, quoted from memory. 
G. 

19. Atriaque immodicis arctat imagini- 
bns; Mart. II. xc. 6. LU. non facit no- 
bilem atrium plenum fumosis imaginibus. 
nemo in nostrum gloriam vixit, neque quod 
antefuit, nostrum est. animus facit nobilem, 
cut ex quacumque conditione supra for- 
tunam licet surgere. quis est generosus? 
ad virlutem bene a natura compositus; 
Sen. Ep. 44. Auth. of Pan. ad Pis. 5 sqq. 
Sail. B. J. 85. Pers. iii. 29. (K.) R. 
Juvenal perhaps had in his eye, Ov. Am. 
I. viii. 65. II . 



SAT. VIII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



203 



20 Atria, nobilitas sola est atque unica virtus. 
Paulus vel Cossus vel Drusus moribus esto : 
Hos ante effigies majorum pone tuorum : 
Prsecedant ipsas illi te Consule virgas. 
Prima mihi debes animi bona. Sanctus haberi 

25 Justitiaeque tenax factis dictisque mereris ? 
Agnosco procerem. Salve, Gsetulice, seu tu 
Silanus, quocumque alio de sanguine ! rarus 
Civis et egregius patriae contingis ovanti. 
Exclamare libet, populus quod clamat, Osiri 



21. (1) Paulus; see 145, note. FA. 
Plut. Vit Aur. Vict, de Vir. 111. PR. 

(2) Aulus Cornelius Cossus, when tribune 
in the army, slew Lar Tolumnius king of 
the Veientes, and thereby carried off 
the second spolia opima to consecrate to 
Jupiter Feretrius. Liv. iv. 19. Or C. 
Corn. Lentulus Cossus. Augustus Ccesar 
Gcetulos accolas Surtium Cosso duce com- 
pescuit, unde illi Gcetulici nomen ; Flor. 
IV. xii. 40. The latter would seem to be 
here alluded to, from v. 26. FA. PR. 

(3) One of the Claudii gained the addi- 
tional name of Drusus by engaging hand 
to hand and slaying Dru sus the enemy's 
general : he also brought back out of 
Gaul the gold which had formerly been 
paid to the Seuones, when they were 
besieging the Capitol. PR. There were 
in Juvenal's time two lawyers named 
Paulus and Cossus, who, probably, 
were no honour to the name they bore, 
vii. 144, note. 

22. Hos i. e. mores. VS. cf. Tac. Agr. 
46. 

24. ' If you look for respect from me, 
I will tell you what I exact first from 
you.' LU. 

Animi bona * the moral and intel- 
lectual virtues,' as opposed to ' corporeal 
goods' and ' the goods of fortune.' 
ACE. 

Sancius ; iii. 137. M. integer vitcc see' 
lerisque purus ; Hor. I Od. xxii. I. 

25. See note on 80. 

' In word and deed :' maximum enim 
est sapientice. officium et indicium, ut verbis 
opera concordent, ne orationi vita dissentiat ; 
Sen. SCH. 

26. ■ All hail !' Hor. I Od. xxxii. 15. 
R. 

GcBtulice ; 21, note. 'The man, who 
has subjugated his passions and triumphs 
over temptations, is to my mind a more 



illustrious hero and conqueror, than he 
who has but gained a victory over bar- 
barian enemies.' LU. 

27. Junius Silanus eximia nobilitate 
fiiit; Tac. A. xii. init. LU. He was 
son-in-law of the emperor Claudius. Suet. 
27. PR. 

Rari quippe boni ; xiii, 26. LU. 

29. Osiris was deified as having been 
the inventor of agriculture, gardening, 
and planting. Tib. I. vii. 27 sqq. (HY.) 
VS. The Egyptians worshipped him un- 
der the figure of a live ox, which he was 
supposed to animate. When the animal 
(to which they gave the name of Apis, 
LO.) grew old, and consequently unfit 
for the residence of the divinity, he was 
thought to quit it, and migrate into a 
younger body of the same species ; 
just as the Tartars, with infinitely more 
good sense, are taught to believe] that 
their Lama migrates from one human 
body to another. The deserted ox was 
drowned with much ceremonious sorrow ; 
when, those melancholy maniacs, his 
priests, attended by an immense concourse 
of people, dispersed themselves over the 
country, wailing and lamenting, in quest 
of the favoured individual which Osiris 
had selected to dwell in. This the priests 
were supposed to know by some sacred 
marks, and this they always took care to 
find in due time : the lamentations of the 
people were then changed into songs of 
joy ; they conducted the sacrosanct beast 
with great pomp to the shrine of his pre- 
decessor, shouting and calling to the inha- 
bitants as they passed, " We have found 
him, we have found him ! come, and let 
us rejoice together." All the rites of the 
Egyptians were of a gloomy cast. This 
may be one of the causes of the singular 
attachment of the women to them, where- 
ever they were introduced. We have 



204 THE SATIRES sat. viii* 

30 Invento. Quis enim generosum dixerit hunc, qui 
Indignus genere et praeclaro nomine tantum 
Insignis? Nanum cujusdam Atlanta vocamus, 
iEthiopem cycnum, pravam extortamque puellam 
Europen; canibus pigris scabieque vetusta 

35 Levibus et siccae lambentibus ora lucernse 

Nomen erit pardus, tigris, leo, si quid adhuc est, 
Quod fremat in terris violentius. Ergo cavebis 
Et metues, ne tu sis Creticus aut Camerinus. 

His ego quern monui? Tecum est mihi sermo, Rubelli 



seen (vi. 526 sqq. PR.) in what manner 
the priests of Isis ran up and down the 
streets of Rome, howling and lamenting 
for Osiris : this was a paltry imitation of 
their native ceremonies ; to the clamorous 
terminationof which Juvenal here alludes. 
G. M. Her. hi. 27 sqq. Plin. viii. 46. 
Lact. Inst. i. 21. R. 

30. Quis nobilissimus, nisi qui optimus ? 
Fabius. LU. See note on 19. PR. 

31. ' Panegyric then becomes irony, 
it can only be applied by anliphrasis,' 
VS. 

32. Navaf pumilio; Gell. xix. 13. homo 
suos breviter concretus in arias ; Prop. 
IV. viii. 41. pumiitonum genus in omni- 
bus animalibus est ; Plin. xi. 49. PR. R. 
People of quality kept ' dwarfs' for their 
amusement. M. 

Atlas, brother of Prometheus and king 
of Mauritania. LU. Hie hominum cunc- 
tos ingenti corpore prcestans Iapetionides 
Atlas juit ; Ov. M. iv. 630 sq. quis pur 
esset Atlanti viribus ? ib. 652 sq. quantus 
erat, mons foetus Atlas ; ib. 656. ib. vii. 
174 sq. ccrtum qui vertice fulcit ; Virg. 
JE. iv. 247. maximus Atlas axem humero 
torquet stellis ardentibus upturn ; ib. iv. 481 
sq. PR. 

Vaeamvs. vruppTHrtcis xu) uXijhlocs (p'lXos, 
u$ o Kw/xtx-'os <pw<n, to. crvKCt <rvx.a, rhv 
erxxQwv oxatyw ovof/,u,Z ) ti' Luc. vrus 
I<tt. cvyy. 41. The manner of parasites 
in such matters is desciibed, Ath. vi. 9. 
Hor. I S. iii. 44 sqq. R. 

33. « An Ethiopian.' ii. 23. PR. 
Jerem. xiii. 23. 

34. Europa was the daughter of Age- 
nor king of Phoenicia and sister of Cadmus; 
smitten by her charms, Jupiter trans- 
formed himself into a bull. LU. Ov. M. 
ii. 836 sqq. PR. Hor. Ill Od. xxvii. 25 
sqq. M. 



36. On these animals, see Plin. H.N. 
viii. 17 sq. Gell. v. 14. Plut. Anim. 
Comp. PR. 

37. • Do not too hastily exult when 
you are addressed by some high-sound- 
ing title. You should rather be cau- 
tious and apprehensive that it may be 
mere irony in him who thus addresses 
you.' R. Perhaps we should read sic for 
sis. J. 

38. Creticus; Dio xxxvi. Sail. B. C. 
29. R. See also ii. 67. SCH. where the 
title is used ironically. 

Camerinus ; vii. 90. SCH. 

39. C. Rub. Blandus (or rather Plau- 
tus) was descended from the Julian 
clan by the mother's side. He was 
first cousin, one remove, of Nero ; his 
mother Julia being sister to Germanicus 
the father of Julia Agrippina ; and also 
second cousin, his grandmother Antonia 
minor (the mother of Julia) being the 
sister of Antonia major, who was Nero's 
grandmother, C. Domitius Ahenobarbus 
(his father) being her son. The two 
Antonias were the daughters of Marc 
Antony and Octavia the sister of Augus- 
tus, whose mother Atia was the niece of 
Julius Cresar by his sister Julia. Antonia 
minor married Drusus Germanicus the 
brother of Tiberius : these two were the 
step-sons of Augustus by Livia. The 
wife of Germanicus (the father of J. 
Agrippina) was Agrippina, whose mother 
was Julia the daughter of Augustus. 
So that Nero could boast a threefold 
descent from the Julian Family ; (1) 
Nero, Domitius, Antonia major, Oc- 
tavia, Atia, Julia ; (2) Nero, J. 
Agrippina, Germanicus, Antonia minor, 
Octavia, &c. (3) Nero, J. Agrippina, 
Agrippina, Julia, Augustus, Atia, 
&c. 



SAT. VIII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



205 



40 Blande. Tumes alto Drusorum stemmate, tamquam 
Feceris ipse aliquid, propter quod nobilis esses, 
Ut te conciperet, quae sanguine fulget Iuli, 
Non quae ventoso conducta sub aggere texit. 
" Vos humiles," inquis, " vulgi pars ultima nostri, 

45 Quorum nemo queat patriam monstrare parentis ; 
Ast ego Cecropides." Vivas et originis hujus 
Gaudia longa feras ; tamen ima plebe Quiritem 
Facundum invenies : solet hie defendere causas 
Nobilis indocti. Veniet de plebe togata, 

50 Qui juris nodos et legum aenigmata solvat. 
Hie petit Euphraten juvenis domitique Batavi 
Custodes aquilas, armis industrius ; at tu 
Nil nisi Cecropides truncoque simillimus Hermae. 



40. Tumes i. e. (es) infiatus plenusque ; 
72. R. 

Alto stemmate ; 1. and vi. 385. R. 

43. " And not the offspring of some 
easy fair, Who, shivering in the wind, 
near yon dead wall, Plies her vile labour, 
and is all to all." G. 

Aggere; v. 153. vi. 588. cf. Plin. 
H. N. lii. 5 s 9.~(HA.) Dionvs. ix. Strab. 
v. Tac. An. iv. 2. LI. Hot. I S. viii. 15. 
Suet. Cal. R. Tib. I. vi. 77 sqq. (HY.) 
Mart. I. xxxv. 6. PL. 

45. "Avfycvcfoi obx 'i%av sitfzTv ovofict 
TKorvou, cixx' ov$t •xctroos' Synes. adv. 
Andr. 1. cf. iv. 98. Virg. M. ix. 343. R. 

46. Cecropides; 53. ii. 92. i. e. 4 of 
royal and ancient lineage.' cf. Pers. iv. 
20. LU. tvytv'ttrn^ov rou KixgoTos n 
Ki\ov Luc. Tim. 23. R. 

' Sir, 1 wish you long life, and much joy 
of your noble descent.' M. cf. gaudeat ; 13. 

47. Summa scepe ingenia in occulto 
latent; Plaut. LU. cf. vii. 145. Cic. T. 
Q. iii. 23. Hor. I S. vi. 6—16. R. 

Quiritem. This noun denotes those 
possessed of the rights of citizenship : the 
singular number of it occurs only in 
poets. R. 

49. Note on i. 96. PR. 

50. ' The knotty points of law and the 
ambiguous wording of statutes.' cenigmata 
Grceci, veteres nostri quidam scrupos ap- 
pellarunt; Gell. xii. 6. PR. 

51. After the times of Marius and 
Sulla, few young men of birth and fortune 
entered the army. R. 

The Euphrates was the eastern boun- 



dary of the Roman empire ; where * le- 
gions' were ' stationed to keep in check' 
the Parthians, Syrians, and other Asiatic 
foes. R. 

' The Batavians' (Batavi truces ; Luc. 
VS.) had not been ' subdued,' though 
actual hostilities had ceased. Tac. A. iv. 
12—37. 54—86. v. 14—26. Sil. iii. 608. 
R. It appears from Tacitus and Sue- 
tonius that Domitian was really engaged 
in an expedition against these people ' in 
his youth.' G. 

52. ' The eagles' were of gold or silver, 
and fixed on spears : it was Marius, in 
his second consulship, who appropriated 
these ensigns to the Homan legions. 
Plin. x. 4. PR. They are here put for 
' the legions' themselves. LU. FA. 

53. Truncus atque stipes; Cic. Pis. 9. 
reliqui de factione sunt inertissimi nobiles, 
in quibus, sicut in staiua, prater nomen 
nihil est additamenti ; Sail, de Rep. Ord. 
Or. ii. a-r'iXsxot. Lysipp. in Dicajarch. 
Herma stolidissimus; Sidon. Ep. iv. 16. oh 
/u.b <p/>ovwtrtf, ol xtvuv ta\aff^a.Tuv vrXviPtis 
vrXecvutrfa ; tv\ of&iXitx, (igorovg x^ivsTrt, 
xeti rats '/lfafftv revs tbyivi7s\ ol ya(> rotouroi 
ras vroXits olxovcriv tv xcti twi&aff' ou Tt 
col^xis a! xeveti Qgsvav ayukftur ayopag 
tlffiv Eur. El. 383 sqq. The figures 
here alluded to were termes, rough-hewn 
square stones set upright, and surmounted 
with a head of Hermes or Mercury. In 
Greece they were placed before the doors 
of temples, C. Nep. Ale. 3. and, as at 
Rome, in the streets and cross-ways. R. 
VS. [Livy xxvii, 4, m. ED.] 



206 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VIII. 



Nullo quippe alio vincis discrimine, quam quod 
55 Illi marmoreum caput est, tua vivit imago. 
Die mini, Teucrorum proles, animalia muta 
Quis generosa putet, nisi fortia ? nempe volucrem 
Sic laudamus equum, facili cui plurima palma 
Fervet et exsultat rauco victoria Circo. 
60 Nobilis hie, quocumque venit de gramine, cujus 
Clara fuga ante alios et primus in aequore pulvis : 
Sed venale pecus Corythae posteritas et 
Hirpini, si rara jugo Victoria sedit. 
Nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla 
65 Umbrarum : dominos pretiis mutare jubentur 
Exiguis tritoque trahunt epiredia collo 



55. ' A marble head.' cf. xiii. 115. 
Mart. XI. !xi. 8. R. 

56. Cf. 42. i. 100. The Julian family 
claimed descent from lulus, through 
whom they would trace their origin to 
Teucer as follows: lulus, ^Eneas, An- 
chises, Capys, Assaracus, Tios, Erichtho- 
nius, Batea, Teucer. 

57. Cf. Hor. IV Od. iv. 29 sqq. 
Mart. VI. xxxviii. 7 sq. R. 

Animals, as well as men, had their 
names, families, and pedigrees. Stat. S. 
V. ii.22 sqq. Nemes. 241. (WE, exc. x.) 
Sil. xvi. 328 sqq. (DR.) R. Hail has 
here been rather successful in his imi- 
tation : " Tell me, thou gentle Trojan, 
dost thou prize Thy brute beasts' worth 
by their dam's qualities'? Say'st thou this 
colt shall prove a swift-paced steed, 
Only because a jennet did him breed 1 
The whiles thou see'st some of thy stallion 
race, Their eyes bor'd out, masking the 
miller's maze, Like to the Scythian slave 
sworne to the payle, Or dragging frothy 
barrels at their tayle"?" IV Sat. iii. G. 

58. Stat. S. V. ii. 21 sqq. Colum. vi. 
27. Plin. viii. 42. /?. 

Facili * swift,' ' moving easily and 
rapidly.' iv. 63, note. Virg. /E. viii. 310. 
Ov. A. A. i. 160. and V. Flac. i. 109. 
(BU.) R. 

' The palms of thousands glow with 
warm applause.' M. Equi in Circo ad 
currus juncti, non dubie intellectum ad- 
hortationis et glories fatentur ; Plin. vii. 
42. (HA.) tantus amor laudum, tantce 
est victoria cures ; Virg. G. iii. 1 12. SCH. 

59. • Whose victory is greeted with 
shouts of exultation by the hoarse Cir- 



cus:' LU. (see notes on iii. 65. and 223. 
PR.) i. e. ' the spectators in the Circus.' 
Sil. xvi. 534. R. 

Rauco: thus clamosus circus ; ix. 144. 
Mart. X. liii. 1. rauca colors; vi. 515. 
rauca vicinia; Hor. I Ep. xvii. 62. R. 

61. ' Speed.' volucremque fug" 
prcevertitur Eurum; Virg. JE. i. 321. 
LU. 

JEquor ' the level surface' of a plain, 
as well as of the sea : at prius ignotum 
ferro quam scindimus cequor ; Virg. G. 
i. 50. LU. JEgyptii et Babylonii in cam- 
porum patentium cequoribus habitantes ; 
Cic. de Div. i. 93. PR. 

Sunt quos curriculo pu Iv erem Olym- 
picum collegissejuvat ; metaquefe rvidi s 
evitata rotis, pal ma que nobilis terra- 
rum dominos evehit ad deos ; Hor. I Od. 
i. 3 sqq. PR. 

62. Corytha and Hirpinus would seem 
to be the names of a celebrated brood- 
mare and race-horse of that time. LU. 

63. Hirpini veteres aui bene novit avos ; 
Mart. III. lxiii. 12. PR. The following 
inscriptions are copied from an old stone 
at Rome, on which are sculptured two 
prancing horses: (1) aquilo nepos 

AQUILON1S VICIT CXXX, SECUNDAS TU- 
LIT LXXXVIII, TERTIAS TULIT XXXVII. 
(2) HIItPINUS NEPOS AQUILONIS VICIT 
CXIV, SECUNDAS TULIT LVI, TERTIAS 

tulit xxxvi. LI. 56, note. R. 

64. Ibi ' in their case.' R. 

65. MiTdficlkXiiv tovs tumor as' Luc. 
'Evicrx. 20. R. 

66. Trito ' galled by the collar.' M. 
Epiredia : Romani suam banc feccre 

vocem ex utraque aliena, ' \<jrY Grceca, et 



SAT. VIII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



207 



Segnipedes dignique molam versare Nepotis. 

Ergo ut miremur te, non tua, primum aliquid da, 

Quod possim titulis incidere prseter honores, 
70 Quos illis damus et dedimus, quibus omnia debes. 

Haec satis ad juvenem, quern, nobis fama superbum 

Tradit et inflatum plenumque Nerone propinquo. 

Rams enim ferme sensus communis in ilia 

Fortuna. Sed te censeri laude tuorum, 
75 Pontice, noluerim, sic ut nihil ipse futurae 

Laudis agas. Miserum est aliorum incumbere famee, 

Ne collapsa ruant subductis tecta columnis. 

Stratus humi palmes viduas desiderat ulmos. 

Esto bonus miles, tutor bonus, arbiter idem 
80 Integer : ambiguse si quando citabere testis 



' reda Gallica; Quint, i. 5. PR. cf. iii. 
10. R. 

67. Bgctlureui is the epithet of an ass. 
SCH. Old mules, and donkeys, and 
broken-down hacks were employed to 
turn the stone in mills ; they got little 
but chaff and straw to eat, and had more 
blows than either. Apul. As. Aur. vii. ix. 
Ov. F.vi. 312. 318 sqq. R. 

Nepos a well-known miller at Rome, 
who kept his mill at work night and day. 
SCH. Mart. R. 

68. " And were thy fathers gentle 1 
that's their praise ; No thank to thee, by 
whom their name decays ; By virtue got 
they it, and valorous deed, Do thou so, 
Poutice, and be honoured. Brag of thy 
father's faults, they are thine own, Brag 
of his lands, if they are not foregone ; 
Brag of thine own good deeds ; for they 
are thine, More than his life, or lands, 
or golden line;" Hall, TV Sat. iii. G. 
non est tuum, fortuna quod fecit tuum ■ 
Sen. LU. 

69. Incidere ' to have inscribed' viz. 
on the base of your statue. R. 

71. Juvenem i. e. Rubzllium. LU. 

72. Tac. A. xiv. PR. As if that were 
any thing to be proud of. VS. 

73. Stultitiam patiuntur opes; Hor. I 
Ep. xviii. 29. GR. " Le sens commun 
n'est pas si commun ;" Voltaire. ' Common 
sense/ (Hor. I S. iii. 66. Phaedr. I. vii. 
Quint. Inst. Or. T. ii. 20. Sen.) The 
Latin words seem to have received this 
particular signification in the Augustan 
age : meaning the knowledge of what 



men are wont to know and to think ; the 
prudence, which may be expected in 
every one, who has mixed with the world 
and acquainted himself with the manners 
and institutions of mankind ; but, espe- 
cially, such as is requisite in the daily in- 
tercourse between man and man. Renun- 
ciare, privilegium, and publicare, (which 
occur in Seneca) are additional examples 
of words acquiring a new meaning and 
one which the respective derivatives re- 
tain in modern languages. SPA. 

75. Postercs laudis; Hor. Ill Od. xxx. 
7. R. 

77. Pindar has a similar metaphor, 
Xgvo'sus vfotrraffocvris ilrtt^u vr^oSv^ct) 
6aXu,{t6U x'uvois, aii on ^eajrov ft'iyxgov, 
iroi%o{tiv' 01. vi. 1 sqq. 

78. The metaphor here used was fami- 
liar to the Romans ; vi. 150, note. The 
plane and the p o p 1 a r were used for 
the same purpose as the elm. adulta 
vitium propagine altas maritat populos ; 
Hor. Ep. ii. 10. platanus ccelebs evincet 
ulmos ; II Od. xv. 4 sq. collibus in suis 
vitem viduas ducit ad arbores ; IV Od. v. 
29 sq. (MI.) Ov. M. xiv. 666. (H.) R. 
LU. nobiliavinanon nisi in arbustisgigni, 
longojudicatur cevo ; adeo excehitate pro- 
Jicitur. hac ratione et arbores eliguntur : 
prima omnium ulmus ... . mar it are, 
nisi validas, inimicum, enecante veloci 

vitium incremento deflectenda vitis 

aut pal me sjuxta suam arborem ant circa 
proximam coelibem; Plin. xvii. 23. 
PR. 

80. Justum ac tenacem propositi virum 



208 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VIII. 



Incertaeque rei ; Phalaris licet imperet, ut sis 
Falsus, et admoto dictet perjuria tauro, 
Summum crede nefas animam prseferre pudori 
Et propter vitam vivendi perdere causas. 
85 Dignus morte perit, ccenet licet ostrea centum 
Gaurana et Cosmi toto mergatur aeno. 
Exspectata diu tandem provincia quum te 
Rectorem accipiet, pone irae frena modumque, 
Pone et avaritiae ; miserere inopum sociorum. 



non civium ardor prava jubentium, non 
vultus histmitis tyranni mente qvatit so- 
lida ; Hor. Ill Od. iii. 1 sqq. LU. Id. I 
Ep. 73 sqq. R. 

81. Phalaris, tyrant of Agrigentum in 
Sicily, had a ' brazen bull' made by 
Perillus, in which he roasted men alive 
over a slow fire ; and made the first, 
experiment upon the artist himself. Diod. 
xiii. p. 211. Luc. Phal. 11. R. Pers. iii. 
39. LU. cf. vi. 486. 

84. Honio 7iatus ad nihil est alind, 
quum ad honestatem ; Cic. Ac. hominum 
genus ad houestatem natum ; Id. Part. 91. 
nihil est prcestabilius, quum plane intelligi 
nos ad ju$titia7n Jiatos ; Id. de Leg. i. 28. 
PR. LU. This is the doctrine of the 
Stoics. Qui voluptatibus, dediti quasi in 
diem vivunt, vivendi causas quotidie fini- 
unt: qui vero posteros cogitant, et memo- 
riam sui operibus extendunt, his nulla mors 
non repentina est ; Plin. Ep. V. v. 4. tig 
xcc^tos rrif Itriyiteu trains, ^ia,6i<ri{ oa'iu, xa) 
-rgxfyis Kaivuytxal- W.Anton, vi. Aris- 
toietes ait, hominem ad duas res, ad intel- 
ligeudum et ad agendum, esse natum, quasi 
mortalem deum; Cic. Fin. ii. 13. Lampr. 
Heliog. 5 extr. (CAS.) Pers. iii. 66 sq. 
(A.) cf. xv. 106 sqq. R. 

85. "Life! I profane the word : can 
those be said To live, who merit death 1 
no ; they are dead, Though Gauran 
oysters load their sumptuous board, And 
o'er their limbs all Cosmo's sweets be 
pour'd." G. Perhaps the poet had in his 
miod the confession of Tiberius in note on 
x. 94. see Tac. A. vi. 6. and Plat. Rep. ix. 
p. 579. R. quis non merito judicet, periisse 
tales ? Plin. H. N. xiii. 3. " Thou hast 
a name that thou livest, and art dead 
Revel, iii. 1. PR. In Holy Writ a life of 
wickedness is constantly spoken of as 
death, and the wicked as being dead: 
" Dead in trespasses and sins." 



Ostrea ; iv. 141 sq. PR. 

86. ' Gauran' t. e. ' Lucrioe,' VS. 
from Gaurus (now ' Gierro') a mountain 
of Campania near Baiae and the Lucrine 
lake. LU. hcec litora, prater cetera in 
toto mari, conch ylio et pisce nobili adno- 
tantur; Plin. H. N. iii. 5. Strab. v. 
Pi?, concha Lucrini delicatior stagni ; 
Mait. V. xxxvii. 3. 

Cosmus was a celebrated perfumer of 
those days. Mart. I. lxxxviii. 2. PR. 
III. lv. Cosmianisfusus ampullis ; lxxxii. 
26. IX. xxvii. 2. XI. viii. 9. xv. 6. 1. 6. 
XII. lxv. 4. XIV. lix. 2. R. 

' Be plunged.' jam non lini tantum, 
sed p erf undi unguentis gaudent ; Plin. 
xiii. 3. PR. 

' A caldron,' used hyperbolical ly. M. 
Or ' a vase of fragrant unguents.' R. 

87. ' Long looked for.' LU. 

88. Animum regc ; qui, nisi paret, im- 
perat ; hunc frenis, hunc tu compesce 
catena ; Hor. i Ep. ii. 62 sq. LU. 

89. Regia crede mihi res est succurrere 
lapsis ; Ov. Pont. II. ix. 1 1. LU. detra- 
here aliquid alteri, atque hominem hominis 
incommodo suum augere commodum, magis 
est contra naluram, quum mors, quum pau- 
pertas, quam dolor : nam priucipio tollit 
convictum humanum et societatem ; Cic. 
Off. iii. 21. PR. 

' The allies' i. e. ' the inhabitants of 
the province.' VS. Cic. Verr. iv. 35. 
R. " The Tartar invasion was mis- 
chievous ; but it is our protection that 
destroys India. It was their enmity, but 
it is our friendship. Young men (boys 
almost) govern there without society, and 
without sympathy, with the natives. 
Animated with all the avarice of age, 
and all the impetuosity of youth, they 
roll in, one after another, wave after 
wave, and there is nothing before the 
eyes of the natives but an endless, hope- 



sat. viii. OF JUVENAL. 209 

90 Ossa vides regum vacuis exsucta medullis. 

Respice, quid moneant leges, quid curia mandet, 
Praemia quanta bonos maneant, quam fulmine justo 
Et Capito et Numitor ruerint, damnante senatu, 
Piratse Cilicum. Sed quid damnatio confert, 

95 Quum Pansa eripiat, quidquid tibi Natta reliquit? 
Prseconem, Chserippe, tuis circumspice pannis 
Jamque tace. Furor est, post omnia perdere naulum. 



less prospect of new flights of birds of 
prey and passage, with appetites con- 
tinually renewing for food, that is con- 
tinually wasting. Every rupee of profit 
made by an Englishman is lost for ever 
to India ;" Burke, Speech on the East 
India Bill, p. 39 sq. ANON. 

90. * Of kings' (Cic. Verr. and Plut. 
V. Ant.) ' and grandees.' (i. 136, note.) 
R. 

By hypallage, for vacua eisuciis; 
M. opposed to which are those, quibus est 
aliquid plena vitale medulla ; Calp. v. 
115. cf. Hor. Ep. v. 37. (BY.) Pers. vi. 
52. (CAS.) Ov. M. xiv. 208. (H.) olTi 
ra ofra yvfivcoiravTis UK^ifta; xa.) Vi^irgx- 
yovres, ii ris xa.) ftui\(>$ hriv, Ixftvfyitrctvrtf 
xa) revvev tv fidXtz iTifjLiXu;, u%ovre, uvev 
ttbrlv xa.) ras pl£a.s uTOTiTfzrjf^svev aTroki- 
Tevnc Luc. Tira.8. R. 

91. Leges ad salutem civium civita~ 
tumque incolumitatem, vltamque hominum 
quietam ac beatam conditas esse constat ; 
Cic. Leg. ii. 11. PR. 

Curia ' the senate,' (literally ' the 
court house.' Cic. de Or. iii. 42. M.) 
which assigned the provinces to the seve- 
ral governors. R. 

92. Good governors were honoured 
not only with pecuniary presents, but 
with temples, festal days, (as those in 
honour of Marcellus at Syracuse, and of 
Lucullus at Cyzicus,) statues, triumphal 
chariots, &c. R. 

The senate is here compared to Jupiter, 
wielding its thunders and fulminating its 
wrath against delinquency : as Augustus 
is by Ovid, Tr. V. ii. 53. cf. Sil. i. 421. 
Stat. S. V. ii. 102. xa.) ya,(> T6V} xara.%1 
xao-6'tvra; xi^avvevffda.1 Qaftiv Artemid. 
Oneir. ii. 3. Lycoph. p. 194. (ME.) R. 
[Livy xxii, 35, 8. ED.] 

93. Cossutianus Capito, son-in-law of 
Tigellinus (i. 155.) and prefect of Cilicia, 
was condemned for peculation and ex- 
tortion. Tac. A. xi. 6. xiii. 33. xiv. 48. 

2 



xvi. 17. 21. 28. 33. Quint. Inst. vi. 1. R. 
LU. PR. 

Numitor; cf. vii. 74. PR. No gover- 
nor of Cilicia bearing this name is men- 
tioned in history. R. 

94. Tlti^arai' el xetrei QaXufftrav xa- 
xev^yor so called from vr-Jgai ' the stra- 
tagems and tricks' they practised. Schol. 
on Aristoph. PR. 

' Of the Cilicians,' who were them- 
selves notorious ' pirates.' VS. Their 
piracies were suppressed by Pompey. 
Plut. V. Pomp. These people were one 
of the three Cs ; rp'ia, xu.x<xa. xaxiffra.' 
Suid. PR. 

" What boots it?" G. cf. i. 34 sq. PR. 
and 47 sqq. FA. Compare this with 
iEsop's fable addressed to the Samians ; 
Arist. Rh. II. xxi. 2. 

95. Pansa was a name of the Vibian 
clan, Natta of the Pinarian : Tac. A. iv. 
34. Hor. I S. vi. 124. Pers. iii. 31. 
Some suppose there is here a covert allu- 
sion to the treasury's having seized upon 
all that Marius was made to refund; 
note on ii. 47. R. PR. 

96. ' The best thing the provincials 
can do is to sell their little all : when 
converted into cash, it can be secreted or 
removed with more facility.' VS. 

PrcEconem ; vii. 6. M. 

Chcerippus designates some man of 
good family reduced to beggary : as 
names compounded with tvptos belonged 
to persons of noble birth. 

97. ' If you complain, you will only 
get out of the frying-pan into the fire.' 

' It is downright madness, (1) not to 
leave yourself a farthing to pay for your 
passage over the Styx:' iii. 267, note, 
or (2) ' to throw good money after bad, 
by being at the expense of a voyage to 
Rome, in order to prosecute the delin- 
quent.' VS. PR. There is a French ex- 
pression to much the same effect, "II est 
si pauvre, qu'il na pas de quoi passer 
E 



210 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VIII. 



Non idem gemitus olim neque vulnus erat par 
Damnorum, sociis florentibus et modo victis. 

100 Plena domus tunc omnis et ingens stabat acervus 
Numorum, Spartana chlamys, conchylia Coa, 
Et cum Parrhasii tabulis signisque Myronis 
Phidiacum vivebat ebur nec non Polycleti 
Multus ubique lador, rarae sine Mentore mensae. 

105 Inde Dolabella est atque hinc Antonius, inde 



t'eau.''' GR. The meaning of the line 
coi responds with the English proverb; 
" Do not throw the haft after the hatchet." 
G. 

98. Gemi/vs : kvrtT ycig f^akXov to 
vroXv Ta^a 1a\a.r Arist. Hh. 11. ii. 4. 

Vnlnus ; Virg. JE. xii. 160. Ii. ' they 
could better afford to be deprived of 
superfluities then, than to be stripped of 
necessaries now.' PR. 

99. * Only conquered, not plundered.' 

R. 

101. ' The Spartan military mantle.' 
The murex was found in great abundance 
off Cape Tamarus. PR. Plin. ix. 36 s 60. 
(HA.) xxi. 8. xxxv. 6. Cassiod. Ep. vi. 
21. Hor. II Od. xviii. 7. LU. BO, pp. 
64. 85. R. 

Conchylia ; iii. 81. PR. 

Cos, an island in the /Egean, was also 
famous for its purple. M. Hor. IV Od. 
xiii. 13. (MI.) cf. ii. 65. vi. 260. Plin. v. 
31 s 36. xi. 22. 23 s 25—27. {HA.) Tib. 
II. iii. 53. iv. 29. ( HY.) BO, pp. 376 sq. 
R. note on Her. vii. 99. 

102. Purrhadus, who styled himself 
king of the painters, was a native of 
Ephesus, and flourished about four cen- 
turies before the Christian era. The 
anecdote of his successful competition 
with Zeuxis is well known. Plin. xxxv. 6. 
9 sq. Zeuxis luminum umbrarumque in- 
venisse rationem, Parrhasius exaininasse 

subtilius tineas traditur moiliora 

supradictis Myron fecit, diligentia ac 
decor i)i Polycieto supra ceteros ; deorum 

iamen auctoritutem non explevit qua 

Polycieto defuerunt Phidias habuit, quun- 
quam diis quam hominibus effingcndis me- 
lior arlif x,c\c. Quint, xii. 1 0. PR. Hor. 
IV Od. viii. 6 sqq. ( MI.) M. Paus. i. 28. 
Ath. xii. 11. xv. 10. Prop. 111. ix. 12. 
R. 

Myron, of Eleutherae, among other 
works executed a bionze heifer, which 
was so exquisitely wrought as to be often 



mistaken for a real one. Auson. Kp. 
1 viii — Ix viii. PR. Ov. Pont. IV. i. 34. 
M. Anthol. Gr. Ep. iv. 7. Plin. xxxiv. 8. 
Paus. i. 23. ii. 30. vi. 2. 8. 13. ix. 30. 
Petr. 88. Prop. II. xxxi. 7. Cic. Verr. 
iv. 3. 43. 60. R. He flourished about 
440 B. C. 

103. Phidias, of Athens, lived at the 
same period, and was patronized by Peri- 
cles. His two great works were the 
colossal figures of Minerva in the Par- 
thenon and of Jupiter Olympius at Elis ; 
which latter was reckoned one of ihe 
seven wonders of the world. Anthol. Gr. 
Ep. i. 54. Mart. III. xxxv. Plin. vii. 38. 
xxxiv. 3. 8. xxxvi. 6. lvi. 5. Paus. i. 2. 
24. 28. vii. 27. Ov. Pont. IV. i. 31. 
(H. BU.) Cic. Or. 2. V. Max. iii. 7. ext. 

4. R. PR. 

Vivebat ; cf. Theocr. xv. 83. Virg. G. 
iii. 34. yE. vi. 848. Prop. II. xxxi. 8. 
111. ix. 9. V. Place, ii. 465 sq. (BU.) 
Claud. B. Get. 612. (B.) R. 

Polycletus, of Sicyon, flourished two 
centuries later; and was leckoned even 
superior to Phidias. His chef d'eeuvre 
was a statue of one of the body-guards of 
the Persian king. AL\. V. H. xiv. 8. 
Paus. ii. 17. 20. 22. 24. 27. iii. 18. vi. 6. 
13. viii. 31. Cic. Brut. 86. Plin. xxxiv. 
8. R. PR. 

104. Labor; cf. V. Flacc. i. 143. 
Mart. IX. xlv. JEsch. P. 757. (BL.) 
Nicet. t. ii. p. 40. 368. (BOI.) R. 

Mentor, a sculptor, who was famous 
for his skill in carving and embossing 
cups. Plin. vii. 38. xxxiii. 11 sq. s 53 and 
55. Mart. 111. xii. IX. Ix. 16. XI. xii. 

5. Cic. Ver. iv. 18. (GRJE. ER.) Prop. 
I. xiv. 2. III. ix. 13. R. 

105. Cicero, speaking of the danger of 
separating the utile from the honestum, 
says hinc jurta, pecutatus, expilationes 
direptionesque. sociorum et civium nascun- 
tur; %c. Off. Hi. 9. R. 

The criminals are here put for the 



SAT. VIII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



211 



Sacrilegus Verres. Referebant navibus altis 
Occulta spolia et plures de pace triumphos. 
Nunc sociis juga pauca boum, grex parvus equaruni, 
Et pater armenti capto eripiatur agello ; 

110 Ipsi deinde Lares, si quod spectabile signum, 

Si quis in aedicula Deus unicus. Hsec etenim sunt 
Pro summis : nam sunt haec maxima. Despicias ttt 
Forsitan imbelles Rhodios unctamque Corinthon : 
Despicias merito. Quid resinata juventus 

115 Cruraque totius facient tibi levia gentis? 



crimes. In like manner Celanois used, 
130. mea Clotho et Lachesis ; ix. 135. 
R. 

Dolabella : there were three depreda- 
tors of this name; (1) Cn. Corn. Dolabella, 
consularis et triumphalis vir, impeached 
by Caesar for extortion, as proconsul of 
Macedonia, but acquitted. Suet. Cass. 4. 
Cic. Pis. 19. Brut. 92. (2) Cn. Dolabella 
Praetor of Cilicia, accused by M. Scau- 
rus, and found guiltv of a like offence. 
Cic. Ver. i. 4. 15—17. 37 sq. (ER.) and 
(3) P. Corn. Dolabella, Cicero's son-in- 
law and governor of Syria, of whom his 
father-in-law speaks thus : cum hoc hoste 
bellandum est, cujus teterrima crudetitate 
omyiis barbaria superata est. quid loquar 
de ccede civium Romanorum? de direc- 
tion efa nor u ml quis est, qui pro rerum 
atrocitate deplorare tantas calamitates que- 
at ? et nunc tola Asia vagatur, v o lit at 
tit rex; nos alio bello distineri putat ; 
Phil. xi. 2. cf. Dio xlii. 29. xlvii. 29. R. 

C. Antnnius, proconsul of Achaia, was 
found guilty of extortion and treason and 
expelled from the senate ; he was re- 
stored by the next censors, and became 
Cicero's colleague in the consulship. 
Cic. Ccel. 31. Vat. 11. Sail. B. C. 21. 
R. 

106. C. Verres, praetor of Sicily, im- 
peached by Cicero, and condemned for 
extortion. Act. II. iv. R. Siculijam ne 
Deos quidem in suis urbibus, ad quos con- 
fugiant habent ; quod eorum simulacra 
sanct issima C. Verres ex delubris religiosis- 
simis sustulit. It is satisfactory to find 
that at last he fell a sacrifice to the same 
detestable rapacity for which he is here 
stigmatized ; being proscribed by M. 
Antony, who took a fancy to his Sicilian 
rarities, and could not obtain them by 
fair means. G. 



107. The last syllable of occulta is 
made long before the two consonants ; as 
in ferte citi ferrum, date tela, scandite 
muros ; Virg. JE. ix. 37. PR. They 
called them ■ spoils,' and yet dared not 
show them. GR. M. 

' More plunder from peaceful pro- 
vinces, than others from hostile countries.' 
GR. ignavissimi homines per summum 
scelus omnia ex sociis adimere, qucefortis- 
simi viri victores hostibus reliquerunt ; 
Sail. B. C. 12. 

108. Sil. iii. 463. Virg. IE. i. 185. R. 

109. So that there is no longer a pos- 
sibility of making good their losses. GR. 

111. ' In a niche.' R. The integrity 
of the following lines is doubted. 

112. " Mean spoils indeed ! but such 
were now their best." G. Summis is used 
absolutely, maxima relatively. 

113. ' You may not be very wrong 
in your notion, that the Greeks, being 
so effeminate, may be plundered with 
impunity.' 

Rhodes ; vi. 296. Strab. xiv. Plin. v. 
31 s 36. Pind. 01. vii. Gell. vii. 3. Plut. 
Op. t. ii. p. 525. b. Ath. xiii. 2. PR. R. 

Uncta Tarentus ; Sidon. v. 430. mollis ; 
Hor. II S. iv. 34. cf. Sil. xii. 18. (DR.) 
R. 

Corinth was a city, which, from its 
commercial advantages, acquired im- 
mense wealth, and subsequently became 
notorious for every species of luxury and 
debauchery, cf. Hor. I Ep. xvii. 36. 
Gell. i. 8. Mart. X. Ixv. E, Ad. IV. iv. 
68. R. 

114. Resina omnis oleo dissolvitur, aut 
creta, pudetque confiteri, maximam jam 
honor em ejus esse in evellendis ab virorum 
corporibus pilis ; Plin. xiv. 20. PR. 

115. Levia opposed to horrida. cf. ii. 
11 sq. R. 



212 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VIII. 



Horrida yitanda est Hispania, Gallicus axis, 
Ulyricumque latus : parce et messoribus illis, 
Qui saturant urbem Circo scenseque vacantem. 
Quanta autem inde feres tarn dirae praemia culpa?, 

120 Quum tenues nuper Marius discinxerit Afros? 
Curandum in primis, ne magna injuria fiat 
Fortibus et miseris. Tollas licet omne, quod usquam est 
Auri atque argenti ; scutum gladiumque relinques 
Et jacula et galeam : spoliatis arma supersunt. 

125 Quod modo proposui, non est sententia : verum 
Credite me vobis folium recitare Sibyllae. 
Si tibi sancta cohors comitum, si nemo tribunal 
Vendit Acersecomes, si nullum in conjuge crimen 



116. ' You must beware of meddling 
with.' VS. 

Gallicus axis ' the clime of Gaul :' 
either because it was nearer the pole than 
Rome, or because the natives fought from 
chariots. LU. Cces. B. G. i. 51. R. 

117. lllyria was a tract of land (in- 
cluding the modern Dalmatia and Scla- 
vonia) extending along the eastern shores 
of the Adriatic. The ferocity of its in- 
habitants may be learnt from Flor. ii. 5. 
13. PR. Ov. Her. xii. 27. ( H. ) Liv. x. 
2. xl. 42. xlii. 26. xliv. 27. R. 

-These 1 reapers' are the natives of 
Africa, VS. from which Rome derived 
its principal supply of corn. Plin. v. 4. 
PR. Thus messor Arabs ; Mart. III. 
lxv. 5. R. 

118. Manus moveremaluerunt in theatro 
et circo, quam in segetibus ac vitietis: fru- 
mentum locamus, qui nobis advehat, qui 
saturi jiamus, ex Africa et Sardinia ; 
Varr. R. R. GR. 

This is a satirical periphrasis for Rome, 
cf. x. 80 sq. LU. iii. 223. PR. xi. 53. 
plebs sordida et circo ac theatris sueta ; 
Tac. H. i. 4. R. 

Vacantem ludo ; Rutil. Ttin. i. 377. 
(WE.) R. 

120. Cf. i. 47 sqq. LU. and v. 95. R. 

The Africans wore little more than 
girdles : and in girdles money used to be 
carried : xiv. 297. The poet, in using 
this verb, alludes to the epithet discincti 
applied to the Africans by Virgil ; 2E. 
viii. 724. GR. cf. Sil. ii. 56. vii. 153. 
viii. 34. and ER, CI. Cic. R. vii. 149. x. 
148. PR. [Livy xxvii, 13, j. ED.] 



122. Compare with omne quod usquam 
est auri atque argenti, <ro7cri ourt x^vtrov 
i%9<utvo» \<fri ovh\y outi &(>yvoov' Her. v. 49. 

124. [Livy xxviii, 34, 8. ED.] 

125. ' Is not a random sentiment of 
mine : or merely a sententious phrase.' 
VS. M. 

126. The Cumaian Sibyl wrote her 
predictions on palm leaves. FA. iii. 3. 
vii. 101. cf. Virg. AZ. iii. 445. vi. 74 sq. 
PR. vi. 554. Plin. xiii. 1 1. (HA.) hec tibi 
non hominem, sed quercus crede Pelasgas 
dicere ; Ov. A. A. ii. 541. R. 

127. The cohors comitum were the per- 
sons composing the governor's staff and 
suite. 

Tribunal ' vour decisions as magistrate.' 
FA. 

128. ' A favourite boy with locks 
unshorn' in imitation of Apollo or Bac- 
chus. < k Kt'ipav KOfjbYit.) PR. Pind. P. iii. 
26. 

Conjuge. The avarice and rapacity of 
the women who followed their husbands 
to their governments, had long ere this 
become a serious subject of complaint. 
Before the time of Augustus, the women 
rarely, if ever, went abroad : that uxori- 
ous emperor took Livia with him in most 
of his expeditions, and his example seems 
to have had a pernicious effect ; for in the 
succeeding reign, the custom was grown 
so common, and so oppressive to the pro- 
vinces, that Severus Caecina made a 
motion in the senate, ne quern maghtra- 
tum, cui provincia obvenisset, uxor comi- 
taretur. Tacitus observes, that the senate 
did not meet the question fairly ; out of 



SAT. VIII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



213 



Nec per conventus et cuncta per oppida curvis 
130 Unguibus ire parat numos raptura Celaeno: 
Tunc licet a Pico numeres genus, altaque si te 
Nomina delectant, omnem Titanida pugnam 
Inter majores ipsumque Promethea ponas : 
De quocumque voles proavum tibi sumito libro. 
135 Quod si praecipitem rapit ambitio atque libido, 
Si frangis virgas sociorum in sanguine, si te 
Delectant hebetes lasso lictore secures ; 
Incipit ipsorum contra te stare parentum 
Nobilitas claramque facem praeferre pudendis. 



compliment, perhaps, to Drusus, who 
opposed it ; and who, instead of answer- 
ing Caecina's objections, had recourse to 
the argumentum ad hominem: " Se quo- 
que in Illyricum profectum ; et si ita con,' 
ducat, alias ad gentes iturum, hand semper 
cequo animo, si ab more carissima divelle- 
retur;" An. iii. 34. As the proconsuls 
could not be prevented from taking their 
wives with them, it seemed but just that 
they should be answerable for their pe- 
culations, &c. ; and this principle was 
recognized by the senate : projicisci autem 
proconsulem melius est sine uxore; sed et 
cum uxore potest, dummodo sciat, senatum, 
Cotta et Messala Coss. censuisse futurum, 
ttt si quid uxores eorum, qui ad officio, 
projiciscuntur , deliquerint, ab ipsis ratio et 
vindicta exigatur. cf. ib. 33. (LI.) R. 
LU. Mart. II. liii. PR. That the wife 
of the governor did sometimes interfere in 
their judicial proceedings is evident from 
St Matth. xxvii. 19. 

129. Conventus ' the cities where courts 
were held.' ER. The custom of judges 
going the circuit is very ancient. I Sam. 
vii. 15—17. M. 

130. Celoeno, one of the Harpies, the 
daughters of Zephyrus. Her sisters were 
Aello, Ocypete, and Podarge. Virg. JE. 
iii. 211 sqq. (i?F.) LU. cf. 105. note. 
Avaricious and unjust magistrates are 
thus described as Harpyias, quorum de- 
cerpitur unguibus orbis, qucE pede glutineo, 
quod tetigere trahunt ; Itin. i. 609 sq. 
h "Ka^ixXua, fi vroWov; rdn nov; txr^a- 
%n\t<ra<ra, ovx uvijxtv ix rcuv ovu^av, aXKa, 

x. t. X. Luc. Toxar. 14. R. From the 
context it would seem to denote either 
the wife or the mistress* 



131. • Then you are welcome to boast 
of your nobility.' 

Picus a king of the Aborigines. The 
line ran thus : Saturn, Picus, Faunus, 
Latinus, Lavinia the wife of iEneas. 
Virg. /E. vii. 48. 187 sqq. (HY.) Dionys. 
H. i. PR. R. 

' You reckon.' ufA'port^ai V a^tS^vvrat 
i; Btr^ctTov 'Hgcixkyx' Theoc. xvii. 27. R. 

Alta ; vi. 385. R. magna ; Ov. Liv. 
Aug. 313. ingentia; Stat. Mart, clara ; 
Sen. tanta ; Albinov. LU. 

132. Titanida pugnam, a periphrasis 
for ' the Titans.' The patronymic is put 
for the possessive, or the genitive case. 
LU. Their battle against the gods is well 
known. Ov. M. i. PR. Virg. G. i. 
279 sqq. 

136. Citizens or allies, when con- 
demned, were first scourged by ' the 
rods' of the lictors and afterwards be- 
headed. VS. 268. R. 

137. ' Blunted by constant use.' VS. 
xiv. 18 sqq. R. 

138. ' Rises up in judgment against 
you.' JVf. 

139. Cf. Cic. ad Her. iv. 47. oratione 
majores suos eitollunt ; eorum jortia facta 
memorando clariores sese putant : quod 
contra est: nam quanto vita illorum prce- 
clarior, tanto horum socordia Jlagitiosior : 
et profecto ita se res habet ; majorum gloria 
posteris lumen est; neque bona neque mala 
eorum in occulto patitur ; Sail. B. J. 85. 
(To this passage, perhaps, Juvenal was 
indebted.) Id. B. C. 51. " The sins 
the great do, people view through optics 
Which show them ten times more than 
common vices, And sometimes multiply 
them Beaum. and Fletch. Thier. and 
Theod. G. R. VS. 



214 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VIII. 



140 Omne animi vitium tanto conspectius in se 

Crimen habet, quanto major, qui peccat, habetur. 
Quo mihi te solitum falsas signare tabellas 
In templis, quae fecit avus, statuamque parentis 
Ante triumphalem ? quo, si nocturnus adulter 

145 Tempora Santonico velas adoperta cucullo? 
Preeter majorum cineres atque ossa volucri 
Carpento rapitur pinguis Damasippus et ipse, 
Ipse rotam adstringit multo sufflamine Consul : 
Nocte quidem ; sed luna videt, sed sidera testes 

150 Intendunt oculos. Finitum tempus honoris 
Quum fuerit, clara Damasippus luce flagellum 
Sumet et occursum numquam trepidabit amici 
Jam senis ac virga prior adnuet atque maniplos 
Solvet et infundet jumentis hordea lassis. 

155 Interea, dum lanatas torvumque juvencum 



140. Quanta splendoris honore celsior 
nnis<iue est ; tanto si delinquit peccato 
major est ; Isid . LU. 

Praviiutes animi vitia recte dicuutur ; 
Cic. Par. 3. PR. 

Conspectius. Suet. Claud. 4. (ER.) 
R. [Livy xxvii, 31,6. III).} 

141. "A sharp judgment shall be to 
them that be in high places. For mercy 
will soon pardon the meanest: but mighty 
men shall be mightily tormented;" Wis- 
dom, vi. 5 sq. PR. 

142. Quo; 9. R. Understand jactas. 
LU. These four lines appear to be mis- 
placed. G. Might they not follow v. 18? 

' Wills' wtre deposited, for security, in 
the temples, xiv. 260. Tac. An. i. 8. R. 
They were also signed there for greater 
solemnity. BRI. 

143. An aggravation of the crime, 
cf. 11. R. 

144. Job xxiv. 15—17. M. 

145. ' Of Saintonge,' in Aquitain, be- 
tween the Loire and the Garonne, cf. 
xvi. 13. Gallia Santonico vestit te hardo- 
cucullo; Mart. XIX. cxxviii. I. I. liv. 5. 
PR. R. FE. 

Velas adoperta ; Virg. JE. iii. 405. As to 
the practice itself, see Hor. II S. vii. 55 
sqq. Plin. Ep. iii. 12. Prop. II. xxix. 12. 
<VU.) R. 

« A cowl M. vi. 118. It. Mart. V. 
xiv. PR. 



146. ' Along the Latian or Flaminian 
way i. 171. FE. 

The fashion of charioteering was intro- 
duced in compliment to Nero. FE. 

147. Carpentum was properly a lady's 
carriage. FE. i. 65, note. 

Dumasippus, another form of the more 
ordinary Greek, word \vroha.(jLot , may be 
a fictitious name. i. 59 sqq. notes; but it 
was also a family name of the Licinian 
clan. Y. Pat. ii. 26. Cic. ad Div. ix. 21 . 
vii. 23. Att. xii. 29, 33. Hor. II S. iii. 
R. PR. 96, note. 

148. « With the frequent drag-chain.' 
VS. This was a slave's business. M. 

149. vi. 311. R. 

Testes ; iii. 49. xiii. 75. AT. 

150. ' Strain their eyes.' 

• When he has abdicated the consul- 
ship.' LU. 

152. Trepidare, after the Greek idiom, 
is followed by an accusative: x. 21. as 
tremere is, Sil. ii. 53. V. Flac. v. 520. 
(BC7.) and horrere. R. 

153. Adnuet; iii. 318. M. By way of 
salute. LU. 

' The trusses of hay.' M. 

154. Toif vxo^vylots If&fZctXtTv rov x'°i' 
rev' Theoph. Ch. iv. R. 

In Italy they fed their horses with 
' barley' and not with oats. GR. 

155. UndeiJtand oves. LU. In this 
passage, and in xii. 5. our author seems 



SAT. VIII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



215 



More Numae caedit Jovis ante altaria, jurat 

Solam Eponam et facies olida ad praesepia pictas. 

Sed quum pervigiles placet instaurare popinas; 

Obvius adsiduo Syrophoenix udus amomo 
160 Currit, Idumaeae Syrophoenix incola portae, 

Hospitis affectu Dominum Regemque salutat 

Et cum venali Cyane succincta lagena. 

Defensor culpae dicet mihi " Fecimus et nos 

Haec juvenes." Esto. Desisti nempe nec ultra 
165 Fovisti errorem. Breve sit, quod turpiter audes. 

Quaedam cum prima resecentur crimina barba. 

Indulge veniam pueris. Damasippus ad illos 

Thermarum calices inscriptaque lintea vadit, 



to have had before his eyes Virg. M. ix. 
629. PTE. 

156. ' Of Numa' i- e. ' after the an- 
cient rites." iii. 12. 138. PR. R. Per- 
haps this may be a sarcastic reflection on 
Numa, as being influenced more by policy 
than by real religion: quum alios falter et, 
se ipsum nonfefellit ; Lact. i. 22. ACH. 

' He swears' i. e. inwardly. R. 

157. In medio stabulo Eponee simu- 
lacrum ; Apul. M. iii. p. 97. PR. This 
goddess was the patroness of grooms. VS. 
Minuc. Oct. 26. Tertull. Ap. 16. (HV.) 
Prud. Apoih. 265. itrr) T& 6%h 'Evo'ia. 
V£ivota.v •proiovy.'iv/i l^rxuy Plut. Par. min. 
29. R. The accusative case is put after juro, 
as it is after ouwui in Greek. Kerodian ii. 
10. Theoc. xxx. 22 sqq. Tib. IV. xiii. 15. 
(BK. HY~.) R. The passage mav be 
imitated from Aristoph. <£. vh to* Yloertibu 
rovTov) rov 'i'tv/ov ! 2. (Jt/A (to'i y% T0VT0V [*Yl- 
1a.(i.u)i rov 'Itviov Nub. 84 sq. LI. 

158. * Open all night long BRI. iii. 
275. or ' strangers to sleep;' xv. 43. R. 

' To repeat his visits.' GR. Suet. Ner. 
26. R. 

159. ' The Syrophcenician perfumer.' 
PI. Ancient Syria was divided into 
three parts ; IZv^'iu Kt'iky, <Pom»t], Ua- 
Xccitrrivti. It produced the finest unguents. 
Ov. A. A. i. 76. R. 

Amomum ; Diosc. i. 14. Plin. xii. 13. 
xvi. 32. Ov. Her. xv. 76. (H.) R. iv. 
108, note. PR. 

160. Idumcea is here put for Judcea. 
' The Jewish gate' at Rome is that 
through which Vespasian and Titus en- 
tered the citv in their triumph, after their 
victories in Palestine. LU. The land of 



Edom was to the south of the Holy 
Land. PR. This gate was near the arch 
of Titus. CAL. ACH. 

161. " The host With many a cour- 
teous phrase his entrance greets, And 
many a smile." G. Cuni te non nossem, 
dominum regemq.uevocabam; Mart. 1. 
cxiii. 1. PR. IV. lxxxiv. 5. X. x. 5. 
GR. 

162. ' The hostess,' VS. ' with her 
clothes tucked up to facilitate her move- 
ments.' LU. succinctus cursitat hospes ; 
Hor. II S. vi. 107. AI. cf. iv. 24. R. 

165. ' To err is human, but to persist 
in error is gross folly.' BRI. 

166. On beards, see iv. 103. Pers. 
iv. 1. PR. also vi. 105. R. and iii. 186. 

168. In these bagnios they drank 
mulled wine, while bathing, to excite 
perspiration ; and, after coming out of the 
bath, they often stayed and drank hard. 
JVL LU. frangendos calices, effundendum- 
que Falernum, clamubat, biberet, qui modo 
lotus eques : a sene sed postquam numi 
venere trecenti, sobrius a thermis nescit 
abire domum; Epigr. XII. lxxi. Quint, 
i. 6. Sen. Ep. 122. GR. cf. vii. 233. PR. 
Or ' eating-houses' may be meant, VS. 
where hot victuals were sold : xi. 4. 81. 
VL. Plaut. Trin. IV. iii. 6 sqq. 1 1 sqq. 
R. 

What the inscripta lintea were is un- 
certain ; (1) ' curtains, with rings, to 
draw and undi aw.'G R. ' andembroidered 
with needle-work ;' ix. 105. CAS. Mart. 
I. xxxv. 5 sq. RM. XI. xl vi. R. or ' having 
painted on them what was for sale within.' 
FA. Or (2) « towels.' cf. Cat. xxv. 7. 
CAL. 



216 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VIII. 



Maturus bello, Armeniee Syriaeque tuendis 
170 Amnibus et Rheno atque Istro. Prsestare Neronem 
Securum valet haec setas. Mitte Ostia, Caesar, 
Mitte ; sed in magna legatum quaere popina. 
Invenies aliquo cum percussore jacentem, 
Permixtum nautis et furibus ac fugitivis, 
175 Inter carnifices et fabros sandapilarum 
Et resupinati cessantia tympana Galli. 
iEqua ibi libertas, communia pocula, lectus 
Non alius cuiquam nec mensa remotior ulli. 
Quid facias talem sortitus, Pontice, servum ? 
180 Nempe in Lucanos aut Tusca ergastula mittas. 
At vos, Trojugenae, vobis ignoscitis, et, quae 
Turpia cerdoni, Volesos Brutumque decebunt. 



169. The Euphrates and the Orontes. 
LU. 

Armenia ; Turcomania and Aladulia. 
PR. 

170. ' The rivers' form a natural line 
of demarcation and defence. PR. The 
Rhine and the Danube (Plin. iv. 12. 
Gell. x. 7. PR.) constituted the Euro- 
pean boundary of the empire, as the 
other rivers did the A s i a t i c. 51, note. 
R. 

By ' Nero' may be meant any emperor, 
perhaps Domitian ; iv. 38. LU. 

171. Ancus Martius built the town of 
Ostia at the mouth of the Tiber. M. 

(1) ' Despatch your legions for em- 
barkation.' G. (2) ' Send your lieu- 
tenant-general to take the command of 
the troops there assembled.' PR. or (3) 
1 Send to the mouths of those rivers.' R. 
[But did the Romans send to the mou th s 
of the rivers above mentioned 1 and were 
the mouths the points to be most guarded ?] 
Where the port of Ostia is meant, the 
poets either added the epithet Tiberina, or 
made the noun singular and of the first 
declension. ACII. 

173. ' With some cut-throat.' M. erat 
in proxima civiiate juvenis vatalibus pree- 
•n obi lis, sed luxuries popinalis, scortis et 
diurnis potationibus exercitatus atque ob id 
factionibus latronum male sociatus ; necnon 
etiam manus infectus humano cruore ; 
Apul. M. viii. p. 201, 13. R. 

175. Carnifices; vi. 480. R. 

' The coffin-makers,' who figure in this 
worshipful society, were people who fur- 



nished the biers, or rather hand-barrows, 
on which the bodies of such as were 
killed in the bloody sports of the amphi- 
theatre, were removed to the place of 
interment. G. VS. cadaver ejus populari 
sandapila per vespillones eiportatum ; Suet. 
Dom. 17. PR. 

176. ' Stretched upon his back' and, 
perhaps, dead drunk. M. VS. iii. 112. 
vi. 126. R. cf. vi. 512 sqq. Pers. v. 186. 
PR. 

177. ' It is liberty hall there!' 

178. They were all" Hail fellow! well 
met !" M. 

180. ' Off to your estate in Lucania, 
to be kept to hard labour.' PR. cf. xiv. 
24. R. 

In the Tuscan houses of correction 
(Pers. vi. 150.) they were compelled to 
woik in chains : sonat innumera compede 
Thuscus ager ; Mart. IX. xxiii. PR. 

181. Trojugeiice ; 56. i. 100. R. 

182. Cf. iv. 13 sq. R. There is an 
English proverb which says, " Some men 
may sooner steal a horse, than others 
look into a stable." 

Cerdoni ; iv. 153. iii. 294. R. Pers. iv. 
51. PR. 

The Volesi were sprung from one of 
the three noble Sabines who settled at 
Rome with king Tatius in the reign of 
Romulus. Dionys. H. ii. 46. PR. 
The name was afterwards changed 
to Valerius. Liv. i. 58. ii. 30. 
R. 

The Junii were a very ancient pa- 
trician clan. J?. 



SAT. VIII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



217 



Quid, si numquam adeo foedis adeoque pudendis 
Utimur exemplis, ut non pejora supersint ? 

185 Consumtis opibus vocem, Damasippe, locasti 
Sipario, clamosum ageres ut Phasma Catulli. 
Laureolum velox etiam bene Lentulus egit, 
Judice me dignus vera cruce. Nec tamen ipsi 
Ignoscas populo ; populi frons durior hujus, 

190 Qui sedet et spectat triscurria patriciorum, 
Planipedes audit Fabios, ridere potest qui 
Mamercorum alapas. Quanti sua funera vendant, 
Quid refert ? Vendunt nullo cogente Nerone, 



185. Locasti; cf. vi. 380. viii. 192 sqq. 

186. Siparium was probably ' the cur- 
tain or drop-scene in comedy,' as au- 
burn was that of tragedy. Donat. on 
Ter. PR. Apul. M. i. p. 106. x. p. 253. 
Sen. de Tr. 11. R. It is here put for 
' the manager.' 

' The Spectre' was a translation from 
the Greek : idem Menandri Phasma nunc 
nuper dedit ; Ter. Eun. pr. 9. PR. 

Q. Lutatius Catulus or Catullus, VS. 
xiii. 111. Gell. xix. 9. Mart. V. xxxi. 3. 
R. not C. Valerius Catullus the poet of 
Verona. PE. 

187. Laureolus (Suet. Cal. 57. Joseph. 
Ant. xix. 1.) was a principal character in 
a piece composed by Catullus, (Text. adv. 
Val. 14.) or Laberius, or Nsevius. Macr. 
ii. 7. Gell.iii. 3. viii. 13sq. xvii. 14. PR. 
For a ballet it must have been horrible 
enough in all conscience, since the hero, 
a captain of banditti, was not only cru- 
cified, but set upon by wild beasts while 
in that dreadful situation. VS. Juvenal 
might have taken the hint of recommend- 
ing Lentulus to a real cross, from what 
happened at Rome in his own time : for 
Martial tells us that this drama was per- 
formed to the life in the amphitheatre for 
the amusement of this detestable people ; 
the part of Laureolus being filled by a 
real malefactor : G. nuda Caledonio sic 
viscera prabuit urso, non falsa pendens in 
cruce Laureolus. vivebant laceri membris 
stillantibus artus, inque omni nusquam 
corpore corpus erat ; Sp. 7. PR. 

' Light of heel.' cf. xiii. 111. R. 

Lentulus; v. 127, note. vi. 80. R. 

189. There is much good sense in 
this remark ; since nothing is more cer- 
tain than that the people are degraded in 
the voluntary degradation of their su- 



2 F 



periors : a momentous truth, that seems 
to have escaped the observation of many 
princes and many people of modern as 
well as of ancient times. G. 

190. ' The gross buffooneries.' The 
particle r§)s has an intensive force, as in 
T^itrfjt.'tytffros. LU. 

191. Planipedes quod planis pedibus, 
id est iiudis in proscenium introirent, non, 
ut tragici actores cum cothurnis, neque ut 
comici cum soccis; sive quod olim non in 
suggestu scence, sed in piano orchestra 
positis instrumentis mimicis actitarent ; 
Diomed. de Poem. Gen. iii. p. 487. JS. 
note on i. 3. excalceati ; Sen. Ep. 8. R. 
Barefooted jack-puddings, who, smeared 
with soot and oil, and dressed in goat- 
skins, capered about the stage, in the 
intervals of the play, for the entertain- 
ment of the rabble. G. 

192. Mamercus was a name of the 
iEmilian clan ; which claimed descent 
from Numa. Plut. PR. Plin.xxxvi. 11. 
DO. 

Alapas ; v. 171. Mart. II. lxxii. V. 
Ixii. 11. R. Tertull. de Sp. Cypr. FA. 

' They hire themselves out as gladi- 
ators.' vi. 379, note, nunc caput in 
mortem vendunt et f anus arena; Manil. 
iv. R. [Livy xxviii, 21, h. ED.] 

193. In amphitheatro exhibuit ad fer- 
rum t quadringentos senator esf sexcentosque 
equites Romanos, et quosdam fortune: atque 
existimationis inlegrce ex iisdem ordinibus, 
caiifectoresque ferarum et varia arena 
ministeria; Suet. Ner. 12. FA. (ft The 
numbers probably should be forty and 
sixty. LI.) Tac. A. xv. 32 sqq. PR. 
Id. H. ii. 71. cf. xi. 5. R. To do justice 
to this worthy prince, it should be ob- 
served that he merely perfected the system 

/\\'\ch was struck out by his predecessors. 



•218 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VIII. 



f Nec dubitant celsi praetoris vendere ludis.f 
195 Finge tamen gladios inde atque hinc pulpita pone : 
Quid satius ? Mortem sic quisquam exhorruit, ut sit 
Zelotypus Thymeles, stupidi collega Corinthi ? 
Res haud mira tamen, citharcedo Principe, mimus 
Nobilis. Hsec ultra, quid erit nisi ludus ? Et illud 



Caesar appears to have had the honour of 
the invention : Suet. 39. Though Au- 
gustus extended the shameful practice; 
Suet. 43. he subsequently put a tempo- 
rary stop to it. After his death it was 
revived, and continued through the suc- 
ceeding reigns, till it reached its highest 
point under Nero. G. 

194. Celsi ; cf. x. 36 sq. PR. xiv. 257. 

R. 

By the exhibition of games to the 
people, the praetor paved his way to the 
consulship, vi. 380. xi. 193. Suet. Ner. 
21. Dio liv. 2. Plut. Bi ut. p. 988. d. R. 

195. ' Suppose the alternative lay be- 
tween the arena and the stage.' LU. cf. 
hi. 174. xiv. 257. R. 

196. ' Who would be such a craven 
as to choose the degradation of acting V 

197. These actors, being men of low 
birth, were designated by some national 
name, as Latitats, Corinthius, §c. as slaves 
were called Geta, Syr us, Davits, fyc. Hit. 
i. 36. note. LU. 

198. Cithara'do: Suet. Ner. 20 sqq. 
LU. Tac. An. xiv. 14 sq. PR. and xvi. 
4. Xiph. Ner. R. cf. vi. 617. M. 

199. " The wonder is, they turn not 
fencers too, Secutors, Retiarians — and 
th ey do !" G. or 4 After this, what can 
we expect in the city but theatricals V If 
he had meant ' exhibitions of gladiators,' 
he would have used the word munus and 
not Indus. R. 

Our author now resumes the scan- 
dalous adventure of Gracchus, on which 
he had before briefly touched : ii. 143 sqq. 
Every sentence, every word that drops 
from Juvenal, proves him to be a sturdy 
republican, a genuine and unsophisticated 
patriot, who loved the honour and dignity 
of his country above his life ; and felt 
with the deepest anguish every act which 
tended to debase her in the eye of sur- 
rounding nations. One of the most strik- 
ing passages in any historian extant shows 
that this debasement was more effectually 
brought about by the gladiatorial pursuits 
of the young nobility, than by any other 
enormity whatever. Dio observes, that, 



amidst all the scandalousfestivities, and ex- 
cesses of Nero, nothing appeared so truly 
flagitious and abominable, as the pros- 
titution of the male and female nobility, 
who exhibited themselvesin the orchestra, 
circus, and amphitheatre, on a footing 
with the vilest of the rabble. The old 
and honourable families of the state, the 
Furii, the Fabii, the Porcii, and the Va- 
lerii, to whose ancestors temples and 
trophies had been erected by the public, 
voluntarily (at least for the greatest 
part) submitted to this degradation, in 
the presence of all Rome and of an 
immense concourse of people from every 
part of the empire ! These, probably, 
enjoyed, with the highest relish, a spec- 
tacle that amply revenged the conquest 
of their respective countries by the ances- 
tors of those who now degraded them- 
selves for their amusement. 44 As the 
sports and combats proceeded, the stran- 
gers pointed out to each other, the de- 
scendants of those great men ; itocxroXo- 
*6~uxrovv yi uurob; aXXriXois , xect sXtyov — 
Maxtbevtg ju.lv. " euro; isrr/v o tov TJetuXou 
Kxyawf" "EXXflVSS <5s " ovro; tov Mop- 
ft'iou " ItxiXiuTui " 'Chin tov KXavhiov' " 
'Evrtigurui " "htri tov "Awsr/av" ' Atriavo) 
*' tov \ovxiov" "\Q>y(>is " tov YlovvXiov" 
Ka^nSfl'ww " 'Atpgixuvov" 'Pcuftecioi 
" troLvTxs !" LX1. i. 17. It is more than 
probable, that Juvenal himself was pre- 
sent at these most humiliating scenes. 
As a spectator, we may conceive him to 
have watched the significant looks of the 
strangers, as their fingers moved from 
object to object ; to have heard their 
whispers, to have noted their sneers ! 
Can it now be wondered at, that a man 
of his quick feelings, of his strong sensi- 
bility, should speak with indignation and 
horror, of actions which were sure to 
spread the disgrace and ridicule of his 
country, as far as the wanderings of the 
astonished visitants extended ? Or, that 
he should think them superior in infamy 
to the most hateful vices; which, how- 
ever they might implicate the character 
of individuals, brought no great degree of 



SAT. VIII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



219 



200 Dedecus Urbis habes : nec mirmillonis in armis 
Nec clypeo Gracchum pugnantem aut falce supina, 
(Damnat enim tales habitus ; sed damnat et odit) 
Nec galea faciem abscondit : movet ecce tridentem, 
Postquam librata pendentia retia dextra 

205 Nequidquam effiidit, nudum ad spectacula vultum 
Erigit et tota fugit agnoscendus arena. 



odium on the general reputation of Home 1 
However this may be, the praise of con- 
sistency must, in the present case at 
least, be fully allowed him. In this very 
Satire, when he enumerates the crimes 
of Nero, he insinuates that it was not so 
much his multiplied murders, as his 
public exposure of himself on the stage, 
(where he repeated his Troics,) that 
exhausted the patience of mankind, and 
excited that general insurrection which 
swept him from the earth ! G. 

200. Of the two combatants, who 
entered the lists, one was called Retiarius, 
and the other Mirmillo or Secutor: the 
former was lightly dressed in a tunic, and 
furnished with a trident, or three-forked 
spear, and a net, whence his name. 
Suet. Cal. 30. The latter was armed 
with a helmet, shield, and short scimitar. 
They approached each other, the Secutor 
with his weapon raised, and the Retiarius 
with his protruded trident in his right hand, 
and his net open, and ready for casting, 
in his left. His object was to throw it 
over the head of his antagonist, and 
entangle him in such a manner, as to 
render him an easy prey. If he failed 
in his attempt, he had no resource but 
flight, for which his dress was well 
adapted ; and during which he endea- 
voured to collect and prepare his net for 
a second throw : if the Secutor overtook 
him before this was done, his fate was 
inevitable, unless he were saved by the 
interposition of the spectators, which 
sometimes happened. It is not easy, at 
this distance of time, to say whether one 
of these characters was looked upon as 
less respectable than the other, or not ; 
but Juvenal seems to direct some of his 
indignation at Gracchus, for choosing the 
part of the Retiarius, instead of that of 
the Secutor: perhaps it was less dan- 
gerous ; it was certainly more impudent, 
for it affored no means of concealing 
the face; since we know, from Suetonius, 



that the drivelling Claudius took a cruel 
pleasure in putting the Retiarii to death 
upon particular occasions, that he might 
have the diabolical satisfaction of re- 
marking the successive changes in their 
expiring countenances ! Suet. 34. Grac- 
chus, however, seems to have been de- 
termined in his choice more by cowardice 
than impudence ; as he did not merely 
rely upon being recognised by his fea- 
tures, which, as he was one of the most 
distinguished families in Rome, could 
not but be well known ; but was even 
base enough to enter the lists in the 
magnificent hat and tunic of the Salii, or 
priests of Mars, of whom he was probably 
the chief. With respect to the Mirmillo, 
he was so called from pogpuXes , aVoXog, 
i%,0u$' Opp. Hal. i. 100. a representation 
of which formed the crest of his helmet. 
Polyaenus and Festus derive the origin of 
the Retiarius from Pittacus, one of the 
seven sages of Greece, who fought in this 
manner with Phryno : utrrt^ov t\ \x, 

uXnvTtfchv ocva,Xa.p,ajv trxzvkv, %uvzo > gctjt&t xui 
<tm /u,lv o\/A<pt^Xwr^a> TigiifZcckB, rv\ rgic&ivy 
Ts Kcti ru fyQiViw sVs/^s xai avuXs' xiii. 
A similar practice is spoken of as existing 
among the Persian forces: Sa^a^iw 
Xgiuvrat ffiigwiri Ti'TXiyfiivyiiTt sg Ipecvruv 
ravrvitri Tiirvvot so^ovrai Is ToXiftov. h 1\ 

lAU-X,*! TOVTW rtoV OLvhouV ITTiUV ffVft- 

(Aiaycofft ToTffi vrcXs/xloifft , (haXXovtri rug 
(ruga; , st' ax^ui (igo^ou; i%otJ<ra;. oTiv V uv 

X'jivrov 'iXxsf ol Iv i^itiat If^^rtx.Xa.fftrofjCD/oi 
hxtpfaigovrctr Her. vii. 85. G. PR. 

201. Two other sorts of gladiators may 
be here meant: viz. (1) the Secutor, 
clypeo pugnans ; and (2) the Threx, with 
his falchion. R. AD. 

203. 'His trident:' dente minax ; 
Mart. LIT. fuscina; ii. 143. 

205. Spectacula for ' the spectators.' 
LU. cf. Sil. ii. 230. R. 

206. He looks boldly upwards, in 



220 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VIII. 



Credamus tunicae, de faucibus aurea quum se 
Porrigat et longo jactetur spira galero. 
Ergo ignominiam graviorem pertulit omni 
210 Vulnere cum Graccho jussus pugnare secutor. 
Libera si dentur populo suffragia, quis tarn 
Perditus, ut dubitet Senecam praeferre Neroni ; 



confidence of having his life spared, cf. 
ii. 144. PR. 

207. The Retiarii wore only a tunic : 
ii. 143. Sut-t. Cal. 30. The gold fringe, 
round the throat of that which Gracchus 
wore, proclaimed him to be one of the 
Satii. FE. ii. 125 sq. R. 

208. These priests also wore a conical 
cap, which tied under the chin with long 
gold bands. Liv. i. 20. Dionys. H. ii. 70. 
His appearing in such a conspicuous 
dress was a greater proof of effrontery. 

209. ' The gladiator looked upon it 
as the greatest disgrace to be matched 
against such a cowardly antagonist.' M. 
Sen. de Pro v. 3. HK. ' Whereas there 
would have been some consolation in 
falling by the hand of a brave man.' 
Sil. ii. 705. R. 

211. x. 77 sqq. M. 

212. Seneca- v. 109. PR. It was re- 
ported at Rome, that the conspirators, 
after having made use of Piso to destroy 
Nero, intended to make away with Piso 
himself, (" For what should we gain," 
said the chief of them, Subrius Flavins, 
" by exchanging a harper for a tra- 
gedian?" alluding to Piso's having ap- 
peared on the stage,) and raise Sensca 
to the vacant seat. Tac. An. xv. 65. It 
is to this circumstance that Juvenal 
alludes. If the conspirators really enter- 
tained such an idea, they were the weak- 
est of men ; for Seneca (to say nothing 
of his age and infirmities) was too un- 
popular to have held the undisturbed 
possession of the empire for a day. With 
respect to Seneca, it is his fortune to 
have been " at the fair of good names, 
and to have bought a reasonable com- 
modity of them ;" for, exclusive of our 
author, who evidently thought highly of 
him, and appears to have been a very 
diligent reader of his works, several an- 
cient writers have been lavish in his 
praise. Yet we shall look in vain into 
the history of his life for any extraordinary 
number of virtuous or praiseworthy 
actions. His first exploit was corrupting 



the daughter of Germanicus, for which 
he was driven into banishment ; and from 
the obtrusive and never-ending boasts of 
the magnanimity with which he endured 
it, it may be conjectured that Ovid him- 
self did not bear his exile much more im- 
patiently than this impassible Stoic. He 
flattered Claudius; and still more grossly 
his favourite, Polybius, in order to obtain 
his recall ; aud, as soon as he had suc- 
ceeded, forgot the latter, and betrayed 
the former. He then joined the virtuous 
Nero (whom he took care to supply with 
a mistress) in his persecution of Agrippina, 
his great patroness; and when her son, 
not long afterwards, put her to death, he 
was more than suspected of drawing up 
the palliating account of it. A better 
moralist than Seneca hath said, " He who 
maket'u haste to be rich, shall not be inno- 
cent ;" Prov. xxviii. 20. This was noto- 
riously iur philosopher's case. Juvenal 
gives him the epithet of prcedives ; x. 16. 
Dio attributes the insurrection of the Bri- 
tons, in a great measure, to his avarice and 
rapacity ; and P. Suilius appears, from 
Tacitus, to have attacked him on this 
head, with a violence which no common 
acts of enriching himself could have pro- 
voked. " By what system of ethics has 
this professor, in less than four years, 
amassed three hundred million sesterces? 
His snares are spread through all the 
city ; last wills and testaments are his 
quarry, and the rich, who have no chil- 
dren, are his prey. Italy is overwhelmed, 
the provinces are exhausted ; and he is 
still unsatisfied !" Tac. A. xiii. 42. His 
behaviour too, after he perceived the 
decline of Nero's favour, was pusil- 
lanimous; and his affected resignation of 
his unbounded wealth, pitiful in the ex- 
treme. He did not, indeed, imitate the 
elder Brutus, for what Juvenal calls the 
time of bearded kings was past ; but he 
feigned himself sick and infirm, and lived 
on spring water and bread baked under 
his own eye. In a word, there is little 
amiable in his life ; and in his boasted 
death, scarcely any thing more than a 



SAT. VIII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



221 



Cujus supplicio non debuit una parari 
Simia nec serpens unus nec culeus unus ? 

215 Par Agamemnonidae crimen; sed causa facit rem 
Dissimilem. Quippe ille Deis auctoribus ultor 
Patris erat coesi media inter pocula ; sed nec 
Electrae jugulo se polluit aut Spartani 
Sanguine conjugii, nullis aconita propinquis 

220 Miscuit, in scena numquam cantavit Orestes, 

Troica non scripsit. Quid enim Verginius armis 



fond and over-weening anxiety to make 
an exhibition of it. None of our writers 
have entered into the character of Seneca 
with more discrimination than Massinger, 
who was very conversant with his works, 
and who.intheMaidof Honour, describes 
him in these admirable lines ; " Thus" — 
recapitulating some of his stoical para- 
doxes — " Thus Seneca, when he wrote 
it, thought.— But then Felicity courted 
him ; his wealth exceeding A private 
man's ; happy in the embraces Of his 
chaste wife Paulina ; his house full Of 
children, clients, servants, flattering 
friends, Soothing his lip-positions ; — then, 
no doubt, He held, aod did believe, this. 
But no sooner The prince's frowns and 
jealousies had thrown him Out of secu- 
rity's lap, and a centurion Had offered 
him what choice of death he pleased, 
But told him, die he must ; when straight 
the armour Of his so boasted fortitude 
fell off, Complaining of his frailty." G. 

213. Parricides, by the Roman law, 
were first scourged, and then sewn up in 
a sack of raw bull's hide with an ape, a 
cock, a serpent, and a dog, and thrown 
into the river or the sea. cf. Cic. for S. 
Rose. Am. 70 sq. PR. xiii. 155 sq. Suet. 
Aug. 33. (CAS.) Sen. Ep. 40. (LI.) 
Nero was guilty of the murder of his 
mother Agrippina, his aunt Domitia, his 
wives Octavia and Poppaea, his brother 
Britannicus, and many other relations. 
Suet. 33—35. Tac. R. VS. 

215. There was a well-known verse at 
Rome in Nero's days: Ns^yv, 'OgsV-njj, 
'AXxfiatcov ftqrgoxrovoi. GR. cf. i. 6, note. 
PR. vi. 655, note. 

Orestes slew his mother Clytaemnestra ; 
but then she had murdered his father and 
had usurped the kingdom for her para- 
mour to his own prejudice ; whereas, if 
Agrippina had plunged deeply in crime, 
it was solely for the purpose of securing 



the empire to her ungrateful son. R. G. 
VS. 

216. Orestes acted in obedience to the 
Pythian oracle. Eur. 0. 28. 416. 543 sqq. 
vr^os u^fin(ji,ivos ' Soph. El. 32sqq.(S'.F.) 
A:sch.Ch.266sqq. Diet. Cr.vi.3.( FR.)R. 

217. Horn. Od. A 529 sqq. A 408 sqq. 
M. There are variations, however, in the 
particulars of the transaction. LU. cf. 
^sch. Ag. Sen. Ag. 865—895. Tricl. 
on El. 195. Lycoph. 1099. 1108. (ME. 
TZ.) Hyg. F. 117. Virg. JE. xi. 267. R. 

218. ' He never embrued his hands in 
the blood of a sister or a wife.' LU. ex 
quo est habitus male tutce mentis Orestes, 
non Pvladen ferro violate aususve sororem 
Electram ; Hor. II S. iii. 137 &c. PR. 

219. Cotijugii for conjugis. He mar- 
ried his cousin Hermione, daughter of 
Menelaus and Helen. LU. 

Aconita; i. 71, note. LU. ib. 158. PR. 

220. Cf. 198, note. R. 

221. Some suppose Juvenal alluded to 
Nero's recitation of his Troics while Rome 
was burning : hoc incendium e turri Mce- 
cenatiana prospectans Icetusque Jtamma, ut 
aiebat, pulcritudi?ie, olkwirtv Ilii, in Mo suo 
scenico habitu decaniavit ; Suet. 38. LU. 

N££«t/V £J T£ TO UK^OV TOU tftt.'ktt.TlOV UVnXfa, 

xai rhv trxivhv rhv xifag&dizhv XufZcuv, jjes* 
clXuffiv, us fAv alros tXiyiv, 'iXiou, w$ £e 
lu^aro, 'Vupw Xiph. lxii. 18. Others 
imagine that he alludes to the report of 
this profligate madman having set Rome 
on fire for the sake of illustrating his 
subject; a circumstance, which, whether 
true or false, was generally credited in 
our author's time, and with which Nero 
was charged to his face by Subrius Fla- 
vius, who suffered with Seneca. Tac. An. 
xv. 67. G. and 39. ut spectaculi ejus 
imaginem cerneret, quali olim Troja capta 
exarserat ; Eutr. vii. PR. 

Enim ; Virg. JE. v. 850. vi. 52. viii. 
84. x. 874. (HY.) R. 



222 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VIII. 



Debuit ulcisci magis aut cum Vindice Galba ? 
Quid Nero tam sseva crudaque tyrannide fecit ? 
Haec opera atque ha? sunt generosi Principis artes, 

225 Gaudentis fcedo peregrina ad pulpita saltu 
Prostitui Graiaeque apium meruisse coronae. 
Majorum effigies habeant insignia vocis : 
Ante pedes Domiti longum tu pone Thyestae 
Syrma vel Antigones seu personam Menalippes 

230 Et de marmoreo citharam suspende colosso. 
Quid, Catilina, tuis natalibus atque Cethegi 
Inveniet quisquam sublimius ? Arma tamen vos 
Nocturna et flammas domibus templisque parastis, 
Ut Bracatorum pueri Senonumque minores, 



Verginius Rufus, lieutenant-general of 
the army in Lower Germany, (Tac. H. i. 
8. 9. 52. 77. ii. 19. 51. 68. Plin. Ep. ii. 
l.vi. 10. ix. 19. Diolxiii. lxviii. Plut. 
Galb. p. 1055.) Julius Vindex, propraetor 
of Gaul, (Suet. Ner. 40 sq. Tac. H. i. 6. 
51. iv. 57.) and^Ser. Galba, praefect of 
Tarraconensian Spain, afterwards em- 
peror, (Suet. Galb. 9 sqq.) were the three 
chiefs of this conspiracy. R. LU. PR. 

223. Cruda ; Sil. i. 405. R. 

224. Generosi ; ' nobly descended.' 

jR. 

225. In Naples, Olympia, and other 
places. PR. which he visited It/ l^wu 
xa) esri xi6et£tJ$wu, xn^n ti xui rga.* 
<yy$!ag uiroxg'iffii' ob ya.(> Hgxti alru h 
'Peoftw, a.XX' ibtriivi xcti ixffr^a.rua.i Vv« xou 
vrsgiobov'ixns, us ifAiyi, yUwrctr Zon. An. 
ii. Xiph. lxiii.8— 10. Suet. Ner. 20— 24. 
42. R. 

226. The successful competitors at the 
Isthmian games were presented with a 
chapletof dry parsley: VS. Plin. xix. 8. 
at the Nemean games it was a green 
chaplet. GR. cf. Pind. 01. xiii. 45. 
Plut. Symp. 5. R. 

227. 4 The precious trophies :' sarcas- 
tically. LU. The Romans used to hang 
their insigniu around the pedestal of their 
ancestors' statues. R. 

228. Nero's father was Domitius Ahe- 
nobarbus. LU. Suet. 1 sqq. R. 

Thyestes, Hyg. F. 84. 258. LIT. vii. 73, 
note, inter cetera cantauit Canucen par- 
turientem, Orestem matricidam, CEdipum 
exccecatum, Herculem insanum ; Suet. 21. 
PR. and 54. Quint. X. i. 98. R. 



229. ' The train that swept the stage.' 
palla honesta; II or. A. P. 278. Pi?, and 
215. cf. xv. 30. R. 

Antigone ; Soph, and Eur. ^Esch. Th. 
1005 sqq. Apoll. iii. 3. 7. Hyg. F. 67. 
72. 243. 254. R. LO. 

' Menalippe's mask.' Menalippe, though 
a very wise young lady, verified the ad- 
age nemo mortalium omnibus horis sapit • 
by an amour with Neptune, she became 
the mother of twins, which she hid in her 
father's cow-house. The poor old king, 
horrified at discovering this monstrous 
production of his herds (as he fondly 
imagined), was about to have the babes 
burnt; when his wise daughter con- 
vinced the good man upon philosophical 
principles, in a long and dull harangue, 
that the little creatures were the natural 
produce of the animal, and thus fortu- 
nately saved them ! Hyy. F. 186. Varr. 
R. R. ii. 5. Dionys. -r. t. \<tx,. Euripides, 
Ennius, and Accius wiote tragedies on 
this subject. FA. LU. PR. R. G. 

230. Citharam a judicibus ad se de- 
latam adoravit, ferrique ad Augusti sta- 
tuamjus&it ; Suet. 12. LU. 

Catiline; xiv. 41 sq. M. ii. 27. His 
great grandfather and great great grand- 
father both bore the name of M. Sergius 
Silo, and were distinguished men. Plin. 
vii. 28. (HA.) Liv. xxxii. 27 sq. 31. 
xxxiii. 21. 24. R. 

C. Corn. Cethegus ; ii. 27. x. 287. Cic. 
Cat. iii. 2—5. Or. p. Red. 4. App. B. C. 
ii. 2—6. V. Pat. ii. 34. Dio xxxvii. Plut. 
t. i. p. 710. 769. 868 sqq. Sail. B. C. R. 

234. ' As though you had been the 



SAT. VIII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



223 



235 Ausi, quod liceat tunica punire molesta. 

Sed vigilat Consul vexillaque vestra coercet. 
Hie novus Arpinas, ignobilis et modo Romse 
Municipalis Eques, galeatum ponit ubique 
Presidium adtonitis et in omni gente laborat. 

240 Tantum igitur muros intra toga contulit illi 

Nominis et tituli, quantum non Leucade, quantum 
Thessalise campis Octavius abstulit udo 
Caedibus adsiduis gladio. Sed Roma parentem, 
Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit. 



hereditary and inveterate enemies of 
Rome.' 

Gallia Narbonensis was called Bracata, 
from the dress of the inhabitants. Plin. 
iii. 4. The Senones were a people of 
Gallia Lugdunensis, who sacked Rome 
under their chieftain Brennus. Flor. i. 13 
sqq. Plin. iv. 18. Ca±s. B. G. v. LU. PR. 
el Ta.Xu.rut %gavrui uvu^VQicriv , u; IxsTvot 
(Zgeczus Tgotrwyegiuovirr Diod. V. 30. 

235. This was a dress smeared with 
pitch and other combustibles (i. 155, 
note :) which was used in the punish- 
ment of incendiaries. VS. BRO. Mart. X. 
xxv. 5. PR. Prud. <7f. fr. Hymn. iii. 
Tert. Mart. 5. Suet. Cal. 27. Vit. 17. R. 
Liceat: it may be hoped that Juvenal 
meant this as a tacit testimony to the 
innocence of the Christians, (at that time 
universally acknowledged,) respecting 
the charge of setting fire to Rome. G. 

236. The consul was Cicero. LU. 
"Jam intelliges, mullo me vigilare 
acrius ad salutem, ouam te ad perniciem 
reipublica: ;" Cic. Cat. GR. 

Cohorts were divided into centuries.each 
of which had its 'standard.' Veg.ii. PR. 

237. Though Cicero claimed descent 
from royal blood; T. Q. i. 16. yet he 
was at Rome ' anew man,' having no 
images of his ancestry to show. SCH. He 
was the first curule magistrate of the 
Tullian clan. Cic. c. Rull. ii. 1 sq. R. 

Arpinum was a little town of the 
Volsci, PR. situated in what is now 
called the Campagna Felice. G. 

' Whom you scorn as ig nob le.' R. 

238. The inhabitants of the municipia 
had laws of their own, but were eligible 
to the honours of the empire. Gell. xvi. 
13. PR. In these ' boroughs,' as well as 
in the colonies, there were three grades of 



citizens, viz. patricians, equestrians, and 
plebeians. R. 

« Helmed ;' i. 268. R. 

239. • Every where ;' not only in, but 
out of, Rome : GR. FA. much the same 
as ubique gentium. M. 

240. Toga is opposed to gladio, 243. 
M. cedant arma togae. 

241. ' The victory over Antony and 
Cleopatra at Actium.' Leucas was an- 
other promontory of that coast. VS. The 
peninsula of Leucadia, was made an 
island by the isthmus (which divided it 
from Acarnania) being dug through. 
Strab. x. p. 311. Flor. iv. 11. (DU.) 
Ov. M. xv. 289. Cic. Att. v. 9. cf. Virg. 
JE. iii. 274. viii. 674 sqq. (HY.) R. 

242. Understand non after quantum. 
Mart. XI. lxxxi. HK. 

* The victory over Brutus and Cassius 
at Philippi.' VS. Flor.iv. 6. LU. Thes- 
saly is used by the poets with great lati- 
tude. Virg. G. i. 489 sq. (HY. VO.) R, 

244. Cicero was the first who received 
this title by a decree of the senate (which 
Camillus had received from his soldiers 
during his triumph) : Cato, as tribune of 
the people, appears to have proposed it 
in the popular assembly ; and Catulus to 
have made the motion for confirming it 
in the Senate. Plin. vii. 30. Plut. V. Cic. 
p. 872. App. B. C. ii. 7. (SW.) Cic. Pis. 
3. Id. P. Sext. LU. PR. R. 

The title was indeed given to Augustus 
and afterwards to several of his succes- 
sors : but Cicero was the first and last, to 
whom it was given by 'free Rome ;' 
the only circumstance, in Juvenal's esti- 
mation, that made it of any value. Libera 
is used with the same feelings in 211, 
'if choice were free.' It must have 
been these flashes of uncontrollable in- 



224 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VIII. 



245 Arpinas alius Volscorum in monte solebat 
Poscere mercedes alieno lassus aratro, 
Nodosam post hsec frangebat vertice vitem, 
Si lentus pigra muniret castra dolabra. 
Hie tamen et Cimbros et summa pericula rerum 

250 Excipit et solus trepidantem protegit Urbem. 

Atque ideo, postquam ad Cimbros stragemque volabant, 
Qui nuraquam adtigerant majora cadavera, corvi, 
Nobilis ornatur lauro collega secunda. 
Plebeiae Deciomm animaa, plebeia fuerunt 

255 Nomina : pro totis legionibus hi tamen et pro 
Omnibus auxiliis atque omni pube Latina 
Sufficiunt Dis infernis Terraeque parenti : 
Pluris enim Decii, quam qua? servantur ab illis. 
Ancilla natus trabeam et diadema Quirini 



dignation at the fallen state of his coun- 
try, and not a sarcastic compliment to a 
favourite dancer, that occasioned his re- 
moval from Home. G. 

245. Marius, though born of poor 
parents, was seven times consul, and, be- 
sides his victory over the Cimbri, he con- 
quered the Teutones in Italy and Jugur- 
tha in Africa. V. Max. i. 2. SCH. Plut. 
V. Mar. Liv. lxviii. PR. Plin. xxxiii. 11. 
R. Flor.iii.3. LU. 

247. He rose from the ranks, and had 
sometimes had the centurion's switch 
broken about his head. xiv. 193. LU. 
Liv. lvii. epit. Tac. An. i. 23. Plin. xiv. 
1. PR. v. 154, note. M. vi. 479. R, 
The officer should have struck him across 
the back only ; but too scrupulous an 
adherence to the rules of the service is 
not to be expected in those who are 
armed with a little brief authority. HK. 
[cf. Liv. ed. DR. t. vii. p. xv. ED.] 

248. ' The axe,' with which they cut 
their stakes, had the iron on the opposite 
side of the head, pointed, for the purpose 
of demolishing walls. LI. 

249. The Cimbri extended over the 
modern Jutland, Sleswick, and Holsatia. 
PR. AN. R. 

250 Tf solus is to be taken literally, it 
means in his defeat of the Teutones and 
Ambrones. R. 

251. 'To the slaughtered Cimbri:' h 
%vo7v- R. 

252. Cimbri prce Italis ingentes. Et 
Teutonwn rex captus insigne spectaculum 



triumphi fuit: quippe vir proceritutis ex~ 
imice super tropoea ipsa eminebat ; Flor. iii. 
3. PR. V. Pat. ii. 12. Oros. v. 15 sq. R. 

Corvi ; cf. iv. 111. Horn. II. A 5. 
B 393. M. 

253. ' Q. Lutatius Catulus his colleague, 
though noble, ii. 146. obtained but second- 
ary glory.' FA. SCH. A double triumph 
was decreed to Marius, but to please the 
soldiery he waved his right to the ' second' 
in favour of Catulus ; Cic. T. Q.v. 19. 
R. whom, some time afterwards, he bar- 
barously put to death. G. 

254. The father, son, and grandson all 
bore the name of P. Decius Mus ; and 
devoted themselves for their country, the 
first in the war with the Latins, the second 
in that with the Gauls, the third in that 
with Pyrrhus. Liv. viii. 9 sqq. x. 28 sqq. 
Cic. T. Q. i. 37. Fin. ii. 19. Macr. iii. 9. 
V. Max. v.6. VS. PR. M. R. 

255. ' The legions' were Roman, ' the 
auxiliaries'foreign mercenaries,' the Latin 
youth' Italian allies, who received rations 
of corn but no pay. Varr. Fest. LI. R. 

257. The form of this devotion, which 
is very solemn and awful, is found in Liv. 
viii. 9. R. It was anciently supposed 
that if a leader would consent to this 
sacrifice of himself, the misfortunes which 
impended over the combatants would all, 
by that pious and patriotic act, be trans- 
ferred to the enemy. PR. 

' Mother Earth.' Plin. ii. 63. PR. 

259. Ocrisia, the mother of Servius 
Tullius, was born a slave ; V. Max. LU. 



SAT. VIII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



225 



260 Et fasce9 meruit regum ultimus ille bonorum. 
Prodita laxabant portarum claustra tyrannis 
Exsulibus juvenes ipsius Consulis et quos 
Magnum aliquid dubia pro libertate deceret, 
Quod miraretur cum Coclite Mucius, et quae 

265 Imperii fines Tiberinum virgo natavit. 

Occulta ad Patres produxit crimina servus 
Matronis lugendus: at illos verbera justis 
Afficiunt pcenis et legum prima securis. 

Malo pater tibi sit Thersites, dummodo tu sis 

270 iEacidae similis Vulcaniaque arma capessas, 



and was brought to Rome with other 
captives from Corniculum. Livy tries 
to make out that she was a princess : 
i. 39. (regium certe genus et penates 
mczret iniquos! Hot. II Od. iv. 15 sq. G.) 
Dionys. iv. 1. PR. M. R. 

The regal robe was a white gown with 
a broad border and stripes of purple. It 
was afterwards worn by consuls, augurs, 
and knights; but by the latter only in 
solemn processions. Plin. viii. 48 s 74. 
ix. 39 s 63. Virg. JE. vii. 188. 612. (57. 
HY.) Dionys. ii. 70. iii. 61. v. 47. vi. 13. 
Liv. 1. 41. A. PR. R. 

' The diadem' of the ancient kings was 
not a golden crown, but a white bandeau. 
Suet. Caes. 79. V. Flac. vi. 700. (BU.) 
SP, Num. diss. v. p. 456—472. 622. 
679—685. R. 

260. He was succeeded by Tarquin 
the haughty. VS. 

261. ' Wanted to loosen.' LU. cf. note 
10. on Her. i. 123. 

262. T. and Ti. Brutus were put to 
death, by their father's sentence, for this 
nefarious conspiracy against the new-born 
liberties of their country. VS. Flor. i. 9. 
LU. Liv.ii. 3—5. Plut. Virg. M. vi. 818 
sqq. PR. 

264. Horatius Codes kept the troops of 
Porsena at bay, while the bridge was 
broken down behind him ; and as soon 
as this was completely done, he plunged 
into the Tiber, and rejoined his comrades. 
VS. Flor. i. 10. Liv. ii. 9. Aur. Vict. 
PR. 

Mucius SccEvola having assassinated 
the paymaster of the Tuscan forces in- 
stead of Porsena himself, burnt his own 
hand as a penalty for his mistake and as 
a proof of his fortitude. Liv. ii. 12. Aur. 
Vict. PR. 

2 



265. Clalia, who had been given as a 
hostage to the Tuscans, made her escape 
and swam on horseback across the Tiber, 
which then divided the Tuscan and Ro- 
man territories. VS. Liv. ii. 13. Aur. Vict. 
PR. Sil. x. 498. R. 

266. A slave of the Aquilii (who were 
among the conspirators to restore the 
Tarquins) discovered the plot to the con- 
suls. LU. prccmium indici pecunia ex 
cerario, libertas, et civitas data, ille primum 
dicitur vindicta liberatus, et vindicta no- 
men ab eo tractum: Vindicius enim voca- 
tur ; Liv. ii. 5. PR. 

267. As the matrons mourned Brutus 
for a whole year, Liv. ii. 7. so it was 
equally incumbent on them to mourn for 
Vindicius ; through whom they had been 
saved from falling a second time into the 
clutches of relentless and lustful tyranny. 
LU. R. 

268. The first execution under the reign 
of Law and Liberty. BRI. FA. Male- 
factors were originally scourged to death 
and then beheaded. In after times, as 
an act of mercy, they were beheaded 
before they sunk under the stripes of the 
rod. HY. In our own country the pu- 
nishment for high treason has, in practice, 
been divested of its original barbarity. 

269. Thersites was bold of tongue and 
slow of hand, and alike deformed in 
body and mind. Horn. 11. B 212 sqq. 
LU. 

270. Achilles was the son of Peleus 
and ' grandson of yEacus.' LU. He was 
first of the Greeks in bravery and in 
beauty. Horn. II. B 674. 769. R. Gcll. 
ii. It. PR. 

Vulcan, at the request of Thetis, made 
these arms for her son. Ov. M. xiii. 288 
sqq. LU. Horn. II. 2 369 sqq. PR. 
G 



226 THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. sat. viii. 



Quam te Thersitae similem producat Achilles. 
Et tamen, ut longe repetas longeque revolvas 
Nomen, ab infami gentem deducis asylo. 
Majorum primus quisquis fuit ille tuorum, 
275 Aut pastor fuit aut illud, quod dicere nolo. 



272. Quemcumque volueris, revolve 
nobilem, ad humilitatem pervenies. quid 
recenseo singulos, quum hanc urbem tibi 
possum oslendere? §c. Sen. Contr. vi. R. 
Juvenal here aims a deadly blow at the 
root of all family pride among the Romans. 
M. To much the same effect is the old 
English couplet " When Adam delved 
and Eve span, Where was then the gen- 
tleman V 

273. Romulus, to augment the numbers 
of his subjects, established 1 a sanctuary' 
for the reception of all who would fly 
thither from servitude, from debt, or from 
justice. Flor. i. 1. LU. Dionys. ii. 15. 
Liv. i. 8. Plut. Rom. Compare with this 
the institution of the six cities of refuge : 
Num. xxxv. PR. 



275. Romulus and Remus were 
shepherds. Eutr. i. 1. Romanum po- 
pulum a pastoribus esse ortum, quis non 
dicit? Varr. R. R. ii. 1. PR. cf. ii. 127. 
R. 

' Or some one no better than he should 
be.' tales reges Romani habuere, quorum 
etiam nominibns erubescant: aut pastores 
Aboriginum, aut haruspices Sabinorum, 
aut exules Coriuthiorum, aut servos vernas- 
que Tuscorum; &;c. Just, xxxviii. PR. 
The drift of this whole satire is to show 
that true worth depends on what a man 
is, and not on what his ancestors have 
been. " Worth makes the man, and 
want of it the fellow; The rest is all but 
leather or prunella;" Pope, Essay on 
Man iv. 203 sq. M. 



SATIRE IX. 



ARGUMENT. 

This Satire relates to that most execrable practice in which the ancients, 
to their eternal shame, so universally indulged. Juvenal's purpose was 
to impress the minds of others with the same loathing which he himself 
felt for this disgusting vice. 

The Satire consists of a dialogue between the Poet and one Nsevolus, an 
enfranchised slave ; a poor wretch, who, from a kind of jester or dabbler 
in small wit for a meal, had become what is called a man of pleasure ; 
and thence, by a regular gradation, a dependent of a wealthy debauchee, 
who made him subservient to his unnatural passions ; and in return, 
starved, insulted, hated, despised, and discarded him ! 27 — 90. 

This miserable object Juvenal rallies, with infinite spirit, on his discon- 
solate appearance ; 1 — 26. and by an affected ignorance of the cause, 
engages him to enter into a detailed account of his infamous life. 27 sqq. 

This piece has many beautiful and many moral passages, exclusive of the 
grand and important lesson which it is our duty to gather from it; that 
a life of sin is a life of slavery; 102 sqq. that those who embrace it 
for the sake of profit, are deluded in their expectations from day to day, 
till in age they sigh to be emancipated from that state of misery which 
they voluntarily adopted, and from which, while they view it with eyes 
of anguish and despair, they have no longer strength or resolution to 
fly : 123 sqq. " Therefore," in the words of Divine Wisdom, " they shall 
eat of the fruit of their own way, and be filled with their own devices ;" 
Prov. i. 31. G. R. M. 



228 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. IX. 



Scire velim, quare toties mihi, Naevole, tristis 
Occurras fronte obducta, ceu Marsya victus. 
Quid tibi cum vultu, qualem deprensus habebat 
Ravola, dum Rhodopes uda terit inguina barba ? 
5 Nos colaphum incutimus lambenti crustula servo. 
Non erat hac facie miserabilior Crepereius 
Pollio, qui triplicem usuram praestare paratus 
Circuit et fatuos non invenit. Unde repente 
Tot rugae ? Certe modico contentus agebas 
10 Vernam equitem, conviva joco mordente facetus 
Et salibus vehemens intra pomceria natis. 
Omnia nunc contra : vultus gravis, horrida siccae 
Silva comae, nullus tota nitor in cute, qualem 
Bruttia praestabat calidi tibi fascia visci : 



1 . This outcast of society is often men- 
tioned by Martial ; III. lxxi. xcv. IV. 
lxxxiv. R. 

2. 1 Clouded with sorrow.' Quint, x.3. 
Hor. Ep. xiii. 5. Sen. Marc. 1. Ov. Her. 
xxi. 165. (H.) R. 

' The vanquished Marsyas.' Ov. M. 

vi. 400. (BU.) LU. Apul. Fl. 3. PR. 
Hyg. F. 165. (MUN.) Solin. p. 84. and 
784. (SA.) Diod.iii.58. (WS.) Apoll. 

1. iv. 2. (HY.) Ath. xiv. 7. (SW.) 
Compare Hor. I S. vi. 120 sq. R. There 
stood in the Forum a very celebrated 
statue of this presumptuous musician, so 
that the comparison must have been 
sufficiently obvious. G. note on Herod. 

vii. 26. 

4. Ravola was some impure wretch, 
of whom the less we know, the better. ill. 

' While driveling over Phodope's 
charms.' By Rhodope is meant some 
courtezan of the day, so named after 
Khodope the Thracian, who was iEsop's 
fellow-servant in the house of ladmon 
the Samian, GR. and afterwards acquired 
an immense fortune in Egypt by her 
abandoned life. Plin. xxxvi. 12. Herod, 
ii. 134 sq. Strab. xvii. Plin. xxxvi. 12. 
Ml. V. H. xiii. 33. (PER.) Luc. Salt. 

2. R. 

5. ' He need not fear ! We reserve 
our knuckles for the peccadillos of our 
slaves.' VS. 

' Sweet cakes.' Hor. I S. i. 25. RU. 



6. A spendthrift, who cuts no better 
figure in xi. 43. G. 

7. ' Thrice the legal interest.' RU. 

8. • Goes the round of the Forum, 
but can find none that are fools 
enough to trust him.' He was, in fact, 
an utterly ruined man. PR. 

10. ' I knew thee once, a sir among 
the slaves.' Out of petulant familiarity 
or fondness, the Romans gave the slaves, 
born in their houses, (who were gene- 
rally spoiled by indulgence,) the name of 
equites. Milton (in his Defensio) alludes 
to this caprice of the ancients, calling 
Salmasius " mavcipium equestre, eques 
ergastutarius, §c." G. R. 

11. Urbani sales, Cic. ad Div. ix. 
15. R. ' And sharp at fashionable re- 
partee.' G. 

Pomwrium was a vacant space (be- 
hind, i. e.) within the walls, VS. which 
was not allowed to be either inhabited or 
tilled, LU. lest it should interfere with 
the defence of the town. ill". Liv. i. 44. 
Gell. xiii. 14. Varr. L. L. iv. 32. R. 

12. " Thy locks are like a tangled 
thicket." G. hirto horrescit setis dorso ; 
Sil. i. 421 sq. R. hor ret capillis, ut ma- 
rinas, asperis, echinus aut currens aper ; 
Hor. Ep. v. 27 sq. 

' Dry;' Mart. X. lxxii. 11. opposed to 
madida, ' moist with scented oils.' ecvecXiti 
xixmor Theoc. xiv. 4. i?. 

14. 4 An adhesive plaster' (in which 



SAT. IX. 



OF JUVENAL. 



229 



15 Sed fruticante pilo neglecta et squalida crura. 
Quid macies aegri veteris, quem tempore longo 
Torret quarta dies olimque domestica febris ? 
Deprendas animi tormenta latentis in aegro 
Corpore, deprendas et gaudia : sumit utrumque 

20 Inde habitum facies. Igitur flexisse videris 
Propositum et vitae contrarius ire priori. 
Nuper enim, ut repeto, fanum Isidis et Ganymeden, 
Pacis et advectae secreta palatia Matris 
Et Cererem (nam quo non prostat femina templo ?) 

25 Notior Aufidio moechus celebrare solebas, 
Quodque taces, ipsos etiam inclinare maritos. 

" Utile et hoc multis vitae genus : at mihi nullum 
Inde opera? pretium. Pingues aliquando lacernas, 
Munimenta togae, duri crassique coloris, 

30 Et male percussas textoris pectine Galli 



' Bruttian pitch' was a principal ingre- 
dient) was used for eradicating superfluous 
hairs. J. Plin. xxiv. 4. 7. xiv. 20. xvi. 
11. The Bruttii inhabited the south of 
Italy. PR. Touro to xoWvqiov ffxtvaffroi 
iirriv \x <rirrni B^vrrias, x,a) affQzX- 
rov xai xngoZ xai fAXffri^vg' Luc. 
Pseudorn. 21. R. 

15. " And every limb Rank with 
neglect, a shrubbery of hair !" G. 

16. Understand sibi vult. LU. 

17. Quartana ; iv. 57. 

* Domesticated as it were. M. 

18. " Sorrow nor joy can be disguised 
by art ; Our foreheads blab the secrets of 
our heart." Harvey. M. frons homini 
IcetiticE et hilaritatis, severitatis et trisliticE 
index ; Plin. xi. 37. imago animi vultus 
est, indices oculi ; Cic. de Or. iii. R. 

22. « As I recollect.' Ov. Her. v. 113. 
(H.) R, 

' The fane of Isis vi. 489. PR. 

By ' Ganymede' v. 59. PR. is here 
meant ' the temple of Jove.' SCH. Lact. 
de F. R, i. R. 

23. « The splendid temple of Peace' 
near the Forum, built by Vespasian. PR. 

AdvectcB [Livy xxix, 10, n. ED.] 
' Secret,' from the rites there cele- 
brated. R. 

The temple of Cybele is called ' the 
palace' because it was on the Palatine 
Hill. Liv. xxix. 37. VS. R. cf. iii. 137, 
note. vi. 512 sqq. PR. 



24. This enumeration of temples dese- 
crated by debauchery presents a frightful 
picture of the state of morals at Rome. 
The name, indeed, of some of those 
deities does not suggest the idea of much 
purity in their votaries. But that the 
temple of Ceres (whose hallowed fillets 
no suspected person might even touch, 
vi. 50. BRI.) should be prostituted to 
the same foul purposes, sufficiently proves 
that the city must now have been in the 
last stage of depravity. These enormities 
could not escape the notice of the early 
Christians, who speak of them with an 
indignant freedom not unworthy of Ju- 
venal himself. See Tertullian, M. Felix, 
&c. G. xiv. 219. xv. 141. R. This 
temple was close to the Circus Maxim us ; 
Plin. xxxv. 12. PR. 

25. Cf. vi. 42. Aufidius ; Mart. V. lx. 
10. &c. R. 

26. ' To corrupt even the husbauds.' 

28. ' A coarse great coat.' note on i. 
62. FA. or ' greasy from being worn.' 
LU. cf. vii. 221. Mart. IV. xix. 1. PR. 
VI. xi. 7. X. xiv. 7. Suet. Aug. 82. 
Pers. i. 54. R. " Coarse in its texture, 
dingy in its grain." G. 

29. • A protection to the gown.' cf. 
Mart. VIII. xxviii. XIV. cxxxvii. 7. 
Suet. Claud. 6. Prop. IV. iii. 18. (BU.) 
R. 

30. ' And badly stricken with the slay 
of the Gallic weaver.' The slay is that 



230 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. IX. 



Accipimus, tenue argentum venaeque secundae. 
Fata regunt homines : fatum est et partibus illis, 
Quas sinus abscondit. Nam, si tibi sidera cessant, 
Nil faciet longi mensura incognita nervi, 

35 Quamvis te nudum spumanti Virro labello 
Viderit et blandae assidue densaeque tabellae 
Sollicitent : Avto$ ya.% l<£eAx£T«i avdga xlva&og. 
Quod tamen ulterius monstrum, quam mollis avarus ? 
6 Haec tribui, deinde ilia dedi, mox plura tulisti.' 

40 (Computat ac cevet.) 6 Ponatur calculus, adsint 
6 Cum tabula pueri : numera sestertia quinque 
c Omnibus in rebus ; numerentur deinde labores.' 
An facile et pronum est, agere intra viscera penem 
Legitimum atque illic hesternae occurrere ccenae ? 

45 Servus erit minus ille miser, qui foderit agrum, 

Quam dominum. Sed tu sane tenerum et puerum te 
Et pulcrum et dignum cyatho coeloque putabas. 



part of the loom which is drawn with 
force against the threads of the woof, to 
drive them close together, and to conso- 
lidate them with the warp. The cloth 
here described was loose in its texture, 
because little pains had been taken in the 
manufacture of it. M. 

31. 'A thin piece of silver, adulterated 
with brass below the standard :' base 
metal, in short. G. GR. Xvt^Iv a^yv^iov' 
Theoph. Ch. iv. (CAS.) R. 

32. By putting stoical sentiments into 
the mouth of this wretch, the poet indi- 
rectly intimates, that many professors of 
the Stoic philosophy, with all its aus- 
terities, were addicted to abominable 
vices, cf. ii. 9sqq.notes. ii. 65, notes. M. 
Distress makes many a man talk philo- 
sophically. ACH. 

On the power of the destinies and the 
stars, see vi. 553 sqq. vii. 194 — 201. R. 

33. Sinus ' the lap of the dress.' R. 

' Fail,' r. e. ' prove unfavourable.' 

R. 

34. ' The greatness of your bodily 
accomplishments is of no service.' M. 

35. * With watering mouth.' LU. 

36. ' Numerous notes.' M. 

37. A parody on avrot yag ItpikKtrat 
'dv\* ffiSnpr Horn. Od. n 294. (CK.) 
T 13. namque virum trakit ipse chalybs; 
V. Flac. V. 541. R. Mayvus 'H{a,x,Xuros 



i/tot xiQot' ouri trf&n(>o* vir^u, vrnvpu. V 
\ju,ov xuXXti i<pt\x,op.ivo{' Ep. in Br. An. 
30. RI. There is a Greek proverb 
Tuvras y \<p't\Kuv, olet ftayvvrts \i6os. 
GR. 

38. Tristius hand illo monstrum nec 
scevior ulla est ; Virg. VS. 

39. The words of Virro. VS. 

40. .' He calculates, while he plays 
the wanton.' LU. 

' Let a reckoning be made.' VS. Cal- 
culi were ' pebbles' which they used as 
counters. R. 

41. ' My account-book.' M. 
Sestertia quinque ; £40. M. 

42. « In all.' M. 

' Your services.' LU. 

43. " Is it then nothing, pray, To 
rake into the filth of yesterday?" G. 
The language, though too gross for literal 
translation, is well calculated to expose 
the disgusting nature of the detestable 
vice, which the poet is attacking. M. 

45. ' The drudge who toils in the field 
will be less miserable.' M. 

46. This comparison of Virro, who was 
an ugly old fellow, to Ganymede, is 
altogether ironical. PR. ' I suppose you 
were so lovely, that I ought to have felt 
proud of your preference !' M. 

47. ' To be the cupbearer of heaven.' 
xiii. 43 sq. M. v. 56. 59. R. 



SAT. IX. 



OF JUVENAL. 



231 



Vos humili adseculae, vos indulgebitis umquam 
Cultori, jam nec morbo donare parati ? 

50 En, cui tu viridem umbellam, cui sucina mittas 
Grandia, natalis quoties redit aut madidum ver 
Incipit et strata positus longaque cathedra 
Munera femineis tractat secreta Calendis. 
Die, passer, cui tot montes, tot praedia servas 

55 Appula, tot milvos intra tua pascua lassos ? 
Te Trifolinus ager fecundis vitibus implet 
Suspectumque jugum Cumis et Gaurus inanis. 



48. ' Will such as you ever be gene- 
rous, who are not even just V ' Is it to be 
wondered, that you should be so stingy 
towards your other dependents, when you 
even grudge the money required for the 
indulgence of your besetting sin?' HK. 

49. Morbo; Sen. de Ben.i. 14. (GRO.) 
Hor. 1 Od. xxxvii. 9. (ML) HK. ii. 17. 
50. M. 

50. ' A greenparasol' (o-xiddiov Dionys. 
H. vii. R.) ' to guard his complexion :' M. 
' as though he were a young lady.' LU. 
accipe quce nimios vincant umbracula 
soles ; Mart. XIV. xxviii. PR. 

Sucina ; vi. 573. PR. 

51. ' Moist spring.' Macr. S. vii. 5. 
PR. cf. iv. 87. R. 

52. Dies primus est veris in Aquario, 
die xxin hujus signi. ver continet dies 
xcr, qua si redigantur ad dies civiles 
nostros, veris initium erit vii Idus Fe- 
bruarii ; Varr. R. R. i. 28. Plin. xviii. 
25. PR. 

Strata, viz. with easy pillows, cushions, 
and rich covers. VS. LU. 

Lunga ; the ' chaise longue' of modern 
upholsterers. 

Cathedra; i. 65. vi. 91. Prop. IV. v. 
37. Mart. III. lxiii. 7. R. 

53. The first of March is elegantly 
called ' the female Calends,' because on 
this day fell the Matronalia, instituted in 
honour of the women for their meri- 
torious exertions in putting an end to the 
Sabine war. On this festival (as well as 
on their birth-days) the ladies sat up in 
state to receive from their husbands, ad- 
mirers, and friends, such presents as were 
peculiarly adapted to their sex. G. VS. M. 
sicut Saturnalibus dabat viris apophoreta, 
ita et Calendis Martii feminis ; Suet. 
Vesp. 19. Hor. Ill Od. viii. 1. Ov. F. hi. 
Tib. III. i. PR. Mart. V. lxxxiv. 10 sq. 



LU. This same time is meant by v. 
51. R. 

' He fingers' M. * with the same de- 
light as a girl would.' R. 

' Calends ;' cf. Macr. S. i. 12. 15. PR. 

54. The wanton * sparrow' was one of 
the birds consecrated to Venus. Ath. ix. 
10. Cic. Fin. ii. 75. Plin. x. 36. PR, 
Sappho H. to Ven. in Dionys. H. de 
Comp. Verb. 23. Pompon, in Non. 2. n. 
335. R. 

' Vine-clad hills.' PR. 

55. ' In Apulia;' iv. 27. M. Hor. Ill 
Od. xvi. 26 sqq. Mart. X. lxxiv. 8. R. 

' Pastures so extensive that it would 
tire out more than one kite to traverse your 
demesne.' VS. Pers. iv. 26. PR. Petr. 37. 
Sen. Ep. 83. R. 

56. ' Land which produced the T r i- 
foline wines:' so called from their be- 
ing fit to drink at the th i r d appearance 
of the leaf. Plin. xiv. 6. (HA.) LU. 
Ath. i. 31. Mart. XIII. cxiv. Mount 
St Martin near Naples has been supposed 
to be the spot meant. PR. 

57. This ' mountain viewed with suspi- 
cion from Cumse' (iii. 2.) may be (1) 
Misenus, three miles distant ; PR. Virg. 
JE. vi. 234 sqq. M. V. Flac. vi. 149. 
(BU.) or (2) another mountain more 
immediately over-hanging the town. Virg. 
M. vi. 9 sqq. (HY.) or (3) Vesuvius, 
which is farther than Misenus, but more 
an object of alarm. V. Flac. ii. 620. iv. 
509. (BU. H.) Sil. xvii. 592 sqq. It 
was famous for its vines : Flor. I. xvi. 5. 
Virg. G. ii. 224. Mart. IV. xliv. R. 

Gaurus, ' hollow with volcanic ca- 
verns,' FS. was another Campanian moun- 
tain celebrated for wine, Plin. xiv. 3. 6. 9. 
LU. Stat S. III. i. 147. v. 99. IV. iii. 
65. now ' Monte Barbaro ;' R. near 
Puteoli. PR. 



232 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. IX. 



Nam quis plura linit victuro doiia musto ? 
Quantum erat exhausti lumbos donare clientis 

60 Jugeribus paucis ? Meliusne hie rusticus infans, 
Cum matre et casulis et collusore catello, 
Cymbala pulsantis legatum fiet amici ? 
6 Improbus es, quum poscis,' ais : sed pensio clamat, 
Posce : sed appellat puer unicus, ut Polyphemi 

65 Lata acies, per quam sollers evasit Ulixes. 

Alter emendus erit ; namque hie non sufficit : ambo 
Pascendi. Quid agam bruma ? spirante, quid, oro, 
Quid dicam scapulis puerorum Aquilone Decembri 
Et pedibus ? — e durate atque exspectate cicadas' — ? 

70 Verum, ut dissimules, ut mittas cetera, quanto 
Metiris pretio, quod, ni tibi deditus essem 
Devotusque cliens, uxor tua virgo maneret ? 
Scis certe, quibus ista modis, quam saepe rogaris, 
Et qua) pollicitus. Fugientem ssepe puellam 

75 Amplexu rapui : tabulas quoque ruperat, et jam 
Signabat. Tota vix hoc ego nocte redemi, 



58. ' Stops down' with clay, plaster, 
wax, pitch, or resin. LU. Pers. iv. 29. 
PR. note on v. 30. R. 

' Which will last, 1 VS. being very 
sparingly bestowed. M. 

The dative musto is put for the genitive. 
R. mustum is ' new wine' just fresh from 
the press. PR. Virg. G. ii. 7. 

59. ' The loins;' vi. 314. R. 

60. " Sure yonder female with the 
child she bred, The dog [cur, JIT.] their 
playmate, and their little shed, Had with 
more justice been conferr'd on me, Than 
on a cymbal-beating debauchee !" G. 

62. ' A priest of Cybele,' a bird of the 
same feather, cf. vi. 516. viii. 176. PR. 
Pers. v. 186. M. 

63. ' Rent now due.' VS. 

64. ' My only slave is not equal to his 
work ; and that is another reason for my 
importunity: for, should I lose him, I 
am as badly off as Polypheme, when he 
lost his sole eye. Had nature blessed 
him with a pair, Ulysses would not have 
first blinded and then baffled him.' FA. 
cf. Hyg. F. 125. Virg. JE. iii. 613 sqq. 
(HY.) LU. Horn. Od. I 181 sqq. Ov. M. 
xiii. 772 sqq. Cic. N. D. ii. 142. PR. Eur. 
Cy. R. Note on htpSxXpos' Her. i. 114. 



65. Sollers; Ov. Pont. IV. xiv. 35. 
Duplex; Hor. I Od. vi. 7. R. <ro\v- 
r^DTos' Horn. Od. A I. LU. 

67. Bruma; vi. 153. Pers. vi. 1. PR. 

68. ' The wintry north-wind :' that 
which blew in the summer was called 
l<rti<ricts- Plin. ii. 47. 49. xviii. 34. R. 

69. ' Wait for the grasshoppers/ i. e. 
4 wait till next summer.' VS. Plin. ii. 
26 sq. PR. cf. Virg. JE. i. 207. (HY.) 
Suet. Cal. 45. R. 

72. ' Owing to your impotency.' M. 

73. Ista ' those services.' R. ii. 58 sq. 
and notes. 

74. • Your young wife,' ii. 59. M. 
' when she would have absconded.' VS. 

75. ' I caught in my arms and brought 
back.' LU. 

' She had already cancelled the mar- 
riage contract,' (in which there used to 
be an express statement liberorum pro- 
creandorum gratia uxorem duci, BR.) 
1 and a fresh one was in process of signa- 
ture.' LU. ii. 119. Thin 'tablets' of 
wood were used, M. and these were 
broken when a divorce took place, cf. 
Tac. An. xi. 30. (LI.) R. 

76. ' It cost me a 'whole night' LU. 
" to set this matter right, While you 



sat. ix. OF JUVENAL. 233 

Te plorante foris. Testis mihi lectulus et tu, 
Ad quem pervenit lecti sonus et dominse vox. 
Instabile ac dirimi coeptum et jam psene solutum 

80 Conjugium in multis dornibus servavit adulter ! 
Quo te circumagas, quae prima aut ultima ponas; 
Nullum ergo meritum est, ingrate ac perfide, nullum, 
Quod tibi filiolus, quod fllia nascitur ex me ? 
Tollis enim et libris actorum spargere gaudes 

85 Argumenta viri. Foribus suspende coronas, 

Jam pater es : dedimus, quod famse opponere possis : 
Jura parentis habes, propter me scriberis heres, 



stood whimpering at the door," G. ' in 
dread of disgrace and divorce.' LU. 

77. Cat. vi. 6—11. Ov. Am. III. xiv. 
25 sq. Asclep. Ep. xxvii. 11 sq. in Br. 
An. R. 

78. Domince ; vi. 30. R. understand 
virginis. VS. 

Vox : cf. vi. 64 sq. Hor. Ep. xii. 11. 

R. 

79. ' The intervention of a substitute 
for the husband has arrested the progress 
of many a divorce.' LU. 

81. ' Whatever miserable shifts you 
may adopt, whatever you may reckon 
first or last, pray is it no merit, &c.' JR. 
Virro was so hard pressed that he could 
not know which way to turn himself. M. 

Quce quibus anteferamf Virg. M. iv. 
371. LU. 

84. Tollis ; vi. 38, note. R. 

In the temple of Saturn there were 
public registers kept, in which parents 
were obliged to insert the names of their 
children a few days after their births. 
These registers were open to all ; and as 
they contained, besides, records of mar- 
riages, divorces, deaths, and other occur- 
rences of the year, they were of great 
importance to the historian and the anti- 
quary. G. BR. Servius Tullius esta- 
blished the practice, LI. ii. 136. LU. 

Spargere ' to insert at intervals.' 

85. ' The proofs of your manhood.' 
DM. 

The birth of a child was announced 
by chaplets being hung up at the door ; 
DM. as was usual on other festive occa- 
sions. M. vi. 51. R. 

86. Dedimus t. e. your lady and I. 

' You may now defy the breath of 

2 



calumny.' DM. Lucil. Ep. vii. in Br, 
An. R. 

87. This and the following lines can 
only be understood by a reference to the 
Lex Papia PoppcBa, (already mentioned 
in the sixth Satire,) which was intro- 
duced at the desire of Augustus, for the 
sake of extending the provisions of the 
Lex Julia de rnaritandis ordinibus. By 
this law, it was provided amongst other 
things ; (1) that persons living in a state 
of celibacy should not succeed to an in- 
heritance, except in cases of very near 
relationship, unless they married within 
a hundred days of the death of the testa- 
tor : (2) that, if a married person had no 
child, a tenth part, and, in some cases, a 
much greater proportion of what was be- 
queathed him, should fall to the exche- 
quer. Virro was no longer in this situa- 
tion ; he had a child, and was, therefore, 
capable of the * whole bequest.' (3) That 
those who at Rome had three children 
lawfully born in wedlock, (in the other 
parts of Italy four, and in the provinces 
five,) should be entitled to various pri- 
vileges and immunities, of which the 
principal were, an exemption from the 
trouble of wardship, a priority in bearing 
offices, and a treble proportion of grain 
on the customary distributions. 'Vwpu'iav 
Tekki) yttftoueri not.) yivvatriv, ou% 'Ivx zkn- 
gevo/aou; sp^aiatv a.X}J 'Ivoc, xX'/igovofti~v ^vveov- 
rar Plut. What Juvenal calls ' wind- 
falls' (caduca) were those unexpected 
legacies which were left a person on cer- 
tain conditions, such as those of being 
married, having children, &c. (which 
were all settled by the same law,) and 
on failure of these conditions came to 
another party named by the testator, on 
H 



234 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. IX. 



Legatum omne capis nee non et dulce caducum. 
Commoda praeterea jungentur multa caducis, 
90 Si numerum, si tres implevero." Justa doloris, 
Naevole, causa tui. Contra tamen ille quid affert ? 

" Negligit atque alium bipedem sibi queerit asellum. 
Hsec soli commissa tibi celare memento 
Et tacitus nostras intra te fige querelas. 
95 Nam res mortifera est inimicus pumice levis. 
Qui modo secretum commiserat, ardet et odit, 
Tamquam prodiderim, quidquid scio. Sumere ferrum, 
Fuste aperire caput, candelam apponere valvis 
Non dubitat. Nec contemnas aut despicias, quod 

100 His opibus numquam cara est annona veneni. 
Ergo occulta teges, ut curia Martis Athenis." 
O Corydon, Corydon, secretum divitis ullum 
Esse putas ? Servi ut taceant, jumenta loquuntur 
Et canis et postes et marmora. Claude fenestras, 

105 Vela tegant rimas, junge ostia, tollito lumen 

E medio ; clamant omnes. Prope nemo recumbat : 



like terms: in default of which the whole 
went to the prince. The avowed purpose 
of these and similar clauses, was to pro- 
mote population, at a time when Italy 
had been thinned by a long succession of 
civil wars ; and certainly they were well 
calculated to answer the end. They were, 
however, abused, like every other salu- 
tary regulation ; and the most important 
of thern, the jus trium liberorum (or the 
privilege annexed to having three chil- 
dren) was frequently granted not only to 
those who had no children, but even to 
those who were never married ! privilegia 
parentum ; Tac. A.iii. 25 — 28. (LI.) ii. 
51. xv. 19. Dio liii. 13. Gell. ii. 15. Suet. 
Aug. 44. Mart. II. xci.sq. (KD.)vi. 38, 
note. LO. LU. FA. PR. KN. M. R. G. 

95. Cf. viii. 16. PR. ' Beneath their 
smooth exterior oft lurks deadly enmity.' 

96. Cf. iii. 49—52.113. M. 

97. ' He scruples not to employ the 
poignard, the club, the firebrand or poi- 
son against the life of the man he hates.' 
VS. xiii. 145 sq. LU. 

101. "Agtos Kayos, where a jury of 
twelve gods acquitted Mars of the murder 
of a son of Neptune. VS. FA. LU. Plin. 
vii. 56. The judges did not pronounce 



their decisions viva voce, but by letters : 
Pers. iv. 13. Macr. vii. 1. h vukt) xu) 
iTKorco ^ix.u.Z.oufftv , a; pri is tous Xtyovrets , 
uXX' is <rct Xtydpivcc ccvrofZX'iTroiiv' Luc. 
Herm. 64. PH. It was a capital crime 
to divulge their votes. M. Areum judi- 
cium ; Tac. An.ii. 55. Paus. i. 28. (JS.) 
y£l. V. H. v. 15. (PER.) R. Soph. (E. 
C. 1001. 

102. Ah Corydon, Corydon, qua te de- 
mentia cepit ! Virg. E. ii. 69. LU. ib. 1 sq. 
M. and 56.Petr. fr. ix. in WE, Poet. L. 
M. Sarisb. Pol. iii. 12. R. 

103. " Curse not the king, no, not in 
thy thought ; and curse not the rich' in 
thy bedchamber : for a bird of the air 
shall carry the voice, and that which 
hath wings shall tell the matter ;" Eccl. 
x. 20. M. cf. Prop. I. xviii. 4. Cat. vi. 
7.(Dffi.) R. 

104. " The stone shall cry out of the 
wall, and the beam out of the timber 
shall answer it;" Hab. ii. 11. PR. 

105. Vela. cf. vi. 228. Mart. I. xxxv. 
5 sqq. XI. xlvi. 3 sqq. R. 

Junge. cf. Hor. I Od. xxv. 1. R. 
Ostia. cf. Cic. N. D. ii. 27. R. 

106. ' Yet all would cry aloud.' 
' Near' the chamber. B. 



SAT. IX. 



OF JUVENAL. 



235 



Quod tamen ad cantum galli facit ille secundi, 
Proximus ante diem caupo sciet ; audiet et, quae 
Finxerunt pariter librarius, archimagiri, 

110 Carptores. Quod enim dubitant componere crimen 
In dominos, quoties rumoribus ulciscuntur 
Baltea? Nec deerit, qui te per compita quaerat 
Nolentem et miseram vinosus inebriet aurem. 
Illos ergo roges, quidquid paulo ante petebas 

115 A nobis. Taceant illi: sed prodere malunt 
Arcanum, quam subrepti potare Falerni, 
Pro populo faciens quantum Saufeia bibebat. 
Vivendum recte est, cum propter plurima, turn his 



107. ' The second cock-crowing' was 
between midnight and break of day. 
Compare St Mark xiv. 30. 72. with xv. 
1. Shakspeare speaks of "the first 
cock;" K. H. iv. pt. i. A. A. II. sc. 

i. cf. Hor. I S. i. 10. M. Cic. Div. 

ii. 26. or 57. Plin. x. 21 s 24. RH, 
xiv. 13. Macr. S. i. 3. PR. Fama 
malum fyc. Virg. M. iv. 174 sqq. R. 

108. ' Will know' from tell-tale ser- 
vants. PR. The taverns at Borne, like 
our coffee-houses, were the great marts 
for news. Being opened at an early 
hour, they were probably the resort of 
the head servants in great families, before 
their lords were stirring. They get to- 
gether to take a morning whet, and 
amuse themselves by inventing lies against 
their master. M. Arist. B. 749 sqq. 

109. Librarius, vi. 476, note: PR. 
* the book-keeper;' i. e. ' the steward.' 
M. Or ' the secretary.' R. 

' The head cooks.' PR. 

110. * The carvers v. 121, note. xi. 
136. SCH. 

' To fabricate a charge;' Cic. Verr. 

iii. 61. R. 

111. Infelicibus servis movere labra m 
in hoc quidem, ut loquantur, licet ; virga 
murmur omne compescitur et m fortuita 
quidem verberibas excepta sunt ; sic Jit, ut 
isti de dominis loquantur, quibus coram 
domino loqui non licet ; Sen. Ep. 47. R. 
f&r> uXX' tTO'TTiuav Ioku, orc&v xurugdeufAKi 
Xdfya rui form™ Arist. B. 747. In 
allusion to this trick of servants, Menan- 
der calls them ' tongue-shielded' yXua- 
<rdg-zriSas • G. 

112. « The strappings received from 
the belt.' VS. 



' Some insufferable bore, who has 
sucked in the scandal with his wine, and 
has been kind enough to hunt you out, 
will now drench your hapless ear with 
the sickening tale.' LU. 

113. The French say, " il m' enivre 
de son caquet." ' To drink a thing in 
with the ears' is not an unusual meta- 
phor. Ov. SCH. Prop. III. vi. Hor. II 
Od. xiii. M. cf. I S. ix. 14 sqq. R. 

114. ' Those servants.' LU. 
Quidquid ; cf. 93 sqq. LU. 

115. Oulh yu(> ovrus i$v avfyavrois 
i<Qv, us to XaXuv iXXor^ia' Phil. Fr. 
G. 

116. " Stolen waters are sweet, and 
bread eaten in secret is pleasant ;" Prov. 
ix. 17. PR. 

117. ' Sacrificing to Bona Dea.' facer e ; 
Virg. E. iii. 77. VS. LU. operari ; G. i. 
339. cf. xii. 92. Thus the Greek 

and the Hebrew Ht^lf are used absol utely, 
in the same sense. M. Cic. Mur. 41. ad 
Brut. 14. Att. i. 12. Leg. ii. 9. Sen. 
Ep. 97. R. [Livy xxii, 10, 5. ED.] 

This Saufeia, who turned a religious 
ceremony into a drinking-bout, was men- 
tioned, vi. 320. The Roman ladies were 
so fond of strong liquor, (cf. xii. 45.) 
that Cicero thought it expedient, in the 
regulation of his imaginary republic, to 
prohibit their officiating at any of the 
sacred rites, (at which wine was always 
used,) after night-fall. The only excep- 
tion he made was this before us to Bona 
Dea ; and we see how it was abused ! 
nocturna mulierum sacrificia ne sunto, 
prater olla, qua pro po pulo rite ft ant. 
LU. G. 

118. " Abstain from fleshly lusts, 



236 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. IX. 



Praecipue causis, ut linguas mancipiorum 
120 Contemnas: nam lingua mali pars pessima servi. , 
Deterior tamen hie, qui liber non erit illis, 
Quorum animas et farre suo custodit et aere. 

" fldcirco ut possim linguam contemnere servi,f 
Utile consilium modo, sed commune, dedisti : 
125 Nunc mihi quid suades post damnum temporis et spes 
Deceptas ? Festinat enim decurrere velox 
Flosculus angustse miserasque brevissima vitse 
Portio : dum bibimus, dum serta, unguenta, puellas 
Poscimus, obrepit nou intellecta senectus." 
130 Ne trepida: numquam pathicus tibi deerit amicus, 
Stantibus et salvis his collibus ; undique ad illos 



which war against the soul; having your 
conversation honest among the Gentiles : 
that whereas they speak against you as 
evil doers, they may, by your good works 
which they shall behold, glorify God;" 
1 St Peter ii. 11 sq. iii. 16. M. conscia 
mens recti famce mendacia ridet ; Ov. F. 
iv. 311. R. 

121. It was the maxim of the Stoics, 
that Tfuvrts xocxo) o~ookor cf. Hor. II S. 
vii. 81—94. 1 Ep. xvi. 63—63. R. 

122. Animas ; vi. 501. xv. 94. R. 
The monthly allowance to a slave was 

four (Donat. on Ter. Phor. I. i. 9.) or 
five (Sen. Ep. 80.) measures of corn, 
and as many denarii, cf. vii. 120. R. 

124. ' The advice you have given is 
excellent, but it is general. Pray, what 
would you recommend in my own par- 
ticular case V PR. 

126. Isaiah xl. 6 sq. St James i. 10 sq. 
1 St Peter i. 24. M. Hor. I Od. iv. 21 sqq. 
xi. 6 sqq. II. xi. 5 sqq. xiv. 1 sqq. IV. vii. 
14 sqq. cf. note on Pers. v. 153. This 
passage is overloaded with epithets : and 
has, besides, a mixture of metaphors ; as 
« wocffov; xctTttpXt^t to ^r^tv honxiXov 
av6os' Rufin. Ep. viii. 5. in Br. An. 
t. ii. p. 392. R. Where metaphors from 
frequent use have become naturalized as 
it were, this inaccurate combination of 
figures is not unusual ; J A. as in Lucr. i. 
645. 

Decurrere. r(>o%os electros y&(> otet 
(hloro; r/t^u xvXiffSiU' Anacr. iv. 7 sq. 
Hor. 11 Od. v. 13. (BY. MI.) R. 

127. Flosculus : uxftxTov av6oi tolas' 
Anacr. xxxiv. 4. u.v6o$ #j3«s ct^n xvpumt, 
Pind. P. iv. 281. R. ft'ivuvtla y'tynrai 



'/>[i*is xaovos, otrov t iTt y»v xtovarai 
mXios, and avha tm nfins yiyvivui «£- 
TTuXtx, Wbv oh'ovyigov iw'i'kS'n ySj£«»' 
Mimner. ii. 7 sq. and i. 4 sqq. collige, virgo, 
rosas dum Jios novus et nova pubes, et memor 
esto cBvum sic properare tuum ! Auson. 
G. 

Brev e et irreparubile tempus omnibus 
est vitce ; Virg. JE. x. 467 sq. VS. 

128. Wisdom ii. 1_9. Hor. I Od. xi. 
7. xxxviii. II. vii. 6 sqq. III. xxix. Plut. 
Q. Conv. iii. 1. PR. M. R. 

Unguenta ; vi. 303. xi. 122. Ov. Her. 
xv. 76. (BU.) Call, in Apoll. 38 sqq. 
(SP.) R. 

Puellas ; xi. 162. R. 

129. Tarda per membra senectus serpit ; 
Lucr. i. 415. labitur occulte fallitque vo- 
latilis cetas; Ov. M. x. 519. F. vi. 771. 
obrepit adolescentice senectus ; Cic. Sen. 2. 
auctumno obrepit hyems ; Lucil. ^Etn. 237. 
Solon. Ep. xiii. 10. Mimn. iv. 4. in Br. 
An. t. i. p. 61 and 70. obrepsit non intel- 
lecta senectus, nec revocare potes, qui 
periere, dies ; Aus. Ep. xiii. 3 sq. R. 
" Let's take the instant by the forward 
top ; For we are old, and on our quick'st 
decrees Th' inaudible and noiseless foot 
of time Steals ere we can effect them ;" 
Shakspeare, All's well that ends well, 
V.iii. G. 

130. 1 Fear not: your's is a never- 
failing trade.' LU. 

131. « The seven hills,' viz. the Pa- 
latine, Tarpeian or Capitoline, Viminal, 
Avenline, Esquiline, Ccelian, and Vati- 
can ; VS. there were two other hills, the 
Quirinal and Janiculus. cf. Mart. IV. 
lxiv. Prop. IV. iv. PR. vi. 296. R. 



SAT. IX. 



OF JUVENAL. 



237 



Convenient et carpentis et navibus omnes, 
Qui digito scalpunt uno caput. Altera major 
Spes superest : tu tantum erucis imprime dentem. 

135 " Hsec exempla para felicibus : at mea Clotho 
Et Lachesis gaudent, si pascitur inguine venter. 
O parvi nostrique Lares, quos thure minuto 
Aut farre et tenui soleo exorare corona, 
Quando ego figam aliquid, quo sit mihi tuta senectus 

140 A tegete et baculo? Viginti millia fenus 
Pigneribus positis, argenti vascula puri, 
Sed quae Fabricius censor notet, et duo fortes 
De grege Mcesorum, qui me cervice locata 
Securum jubeant clamoso insistere Circo. 

145 Sit mihi praeterea curvus caelator et alter, 



132. ' In wagon-loads and ship-loads.' 

133. ' Effeminate creatures, who, for 
fear of discomposing their curls, never 
venture to scratch their head with more 
than a single finger.' digito caput uno 
scalpit : quid credas hunc sibi velle 
virum? Calv. on Pompey in Sen. Contr. 
iii. 19. PO. Aram. Marc. XVTL xi. 4. 
Plut. Pomp. 48. tu) 2ax,rvXai axga rrjv 
xttpakhv Kvu.ir6a.i- Lucian ; Sen. Ep. 52. 
PR. Julian Cass. p. 171. (SP.) R. 

134. Plin. x. 43. xliii. 10. xix. 8. 
(HA.) Mart. III. lxxv. 3. X. xlviii. 10. 
(M) SCH. Colum. x. 108 sq. 372. 
Ov. R. A. 799. PR. The ' rocket' (or 
• eryngo,' G.) possessed highly stimulating 
and invigorating qualities. M. Anthol. vi. 
76. (BU.) Virg. Mor. 85. (JS.) R. 

135. Cf. iii. 27, note. PR. * My des- 
tinies' (note on viii. 105. R.) ' would be 
well content, if by my vile practices 1 can 
earn a bare subsistence/ PR. Mart. VL. 

137. The words parvi, minuto, and 
tenui are all indicative of the poverty of 
Naevolus. LU. R. 

Lares; viii. 14, note. PR. xii. 87 sqq. 
cf. Ov. M. viii. 637. (H.) Virg. M. viii. 
543. (HY.) Hor. I Ep. vii. 58. (BY.) 
R. Ill Od. xxiii. (ML) M. 

138. Numa instituit deos fruge colere, 
et mola salsa supplicare, et far torrere ; 
Plin. xi. 2. LU. cf. xii. 87 sq. parvos coro- 
nantem marino rare deos fragilique myrto ; 
Hor. Ill Od. xxiii. 15*sq. R. 

139. Figam ; a metaphor from hunt- 
ing, in which the sportsman transfixes his 



prey with arrows or a spear : PR. but 
cf. x. 55. RU. 

140. ' From beggary.' tegete; v. 8. 
RU. baculo; ' a crutch.' M. cf. Ter. 
Heaut. V. i. 58. R. 

' Twenty thousand sestertii (= £160) 
for interest upon money lent on good 
security.' M. 

Puri ; x. 19. * not embossed.' T. 

142. When C. Fabricius Luscinus was 
censor (A. U. 478.) et levis argenti la- 
mina crimen erat ; Ov. F. i. 208. He re- 
moved from the senate P. Corn. Rufinus, 
who had been twice consul and once 
dictator, because he had in his possession 
more than ten pounds weight of plate. 
Liv. V. Max. ii. 9. Gell. iv. 8. LU. 
xvii. 21. PR. Tert. Apol. 6. Sen. V. B. 
21. Plut. Sul. Plin. xxxiii. 9 s 54. R. 

143. Mozsia, now Bulgaria and Ser- 
via, PR. was famous for its brawny 
chairmen. LU. i. 64, note. M. cf. 
Mart. IX. xxiii. 9. Pers. vi. 77. R. 

' Their necks being placed under me' 
LU. or ' being given up to my accommo- 
dation.' R. 

144. ' Under no apprehension from 
the crowd.' SCH. For the Romans con- 
tinued in their litters and sedans to see 
the games. LI. 

* The noisy Circus : raucus Circus ; 
viii. 59. R. 

145. ' Bending over his work.' LU. 
cf. Exod. xxviii. 23. M. 

* A seal-engraver and working silver- 
smith.' VS. 



238 



THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. sat. ix. 



Qui multas facies pingat cito. Sufficiunt heec, 
Quando ego pauper ero. Votum miserabile nec spes 
His saltern : nam, quum pro me Fortuna rogatur, 
Affigit ceras ilia de nave petitas, 
150 Quae Siculos cantus effugit remige surdo." 



' A sign-painter, who will soon daub 
me a row of family portraits.' 5.4. cf. 
viii. 2, note. M. 

146. « But that is enough ; I need 
wish for nothing further ; since I shall 
be a poor man all my life.' LU. PR. 

148. ' Fortune turns a deaf ear to my 
prayers.' Ulysses by the advice of Circe 
stopped the ears of his crew with wax, 
that they might not hear the songs of the 
Sirens which would have lowered them to 
their destruction. He had himself tied on 
to the mast of the vessel. Hyg. 125. LU. 
FA. Horn. Od. M 39 sqq. 166. 200. PR. 
ai( fttjo* ctv rgvtfuvsu trt $i»voi%0rivcci avreTf 



rot urtf rteovru xtigcji tfiura* avrk, »lo\ 
Ttto 'OSuffftUf rovs tratgtvs to'gao-t Sin rns 
"Xuofivuv axgouffius' iXX' i/Viv aiiruv oXtyoi, 
ov vretPOtSih'iyf/.ivoi rov xngov Is ra ura' 
Luc. 'En<rx. 21. R. 

150. The three Sirens were daughters 
of the Achelous aud the nymph Calliope. 
Ov. M. v. 555. The rocks on which they 
dwelt were near the promontory of Pelorus 
in Sicily, cf. Plin. x. 49. Cic. de Fin. v. 
49. Ath. i. 12. PR. Virg. M. v. 864 
sqq. Apollod. I. iii. 4. ix. 25. (HY.) 
Sil. xii. 33 sqq. xiv. 473 sqq. HER, 
Myth. t. i. p. 376. R. 



SATIRE X. 



ARGUMENT. 

The subject of this imitable Satire is the Vanity of Human Wishes. Such 
is the absurdity of mankind in this respect, that we can wonder neither 
at the laughter of Democritus, nor at the tears of Heraclitus. 28 — 55. 

The Poet takes his stand on the great theatre of the world, and summons 
before him the illustrious characters of all ages : Cassius Longinus and 
Seneca, 16. Sejanus, 63. the first Triumvirate, 108. Demosthenes and 
Cicero, 114. Hannibal, 147. Alexander, 168. Xerxes, 179. Nestor, 246. 
Peleus, 256. Laertes, 257- Priam, 258. Hecuba, 271. Mithridates, 273. 
Croesus, 274. Marius, 276. Pompey, 283. Lucretia, 293. Virginia, 294. 
Hippolytus and Bellerophon, 325. and C. Siiius, 330. 

As they appear in succession, he shows, from the principal events of their 
lives, how little happiness is promoted by the attainment of what our 
indistinct and bounded views represent as the most perfect of earthly 
blessings. 1 — 11. 

Of these he instances Wealth, 12 — 27. Power, 56 — 113. Eloquence, 
114—132. Military Glory, 133—187. Longevity, 188—288. and Personal 
Accomplishments ; 289 — 345. all of which have, as he observes, proved 
dangerous or destructive to their respective possessors. 

Hence, he argues the wisdom of acquiescing in the dispensations of Heaven ; 
and concludes with a form of prayer, in which he points out, with great 
force and beauty, the objects for which a rational being may presume 
to approach the Almighty. 346 — 366. 

Juvenal probably had the second Alcibiades of Plato, and the second Satire 
of Persius, in his thoughts ; he has taken nothing from them, however, 
but the general idea ; the filling up is entirely his own, and it is done 
with a boldness of imagery, and with an awful and impressive sublimity 
of style and manner, of which it would perhaps be difficult to find 
another example in any composition merely human. G. R. D. 

The same subject has been handled by Lucian, (Icarom. p. 205. and Navig. 
s. Vota p. 491. t. ii. ed. GRJE.) Aristotle and other Greeks, (rs^ 
Xenophon, (Mem. I. iii. 1.) V. Maximus, VII. ii. ext. 1. R. Epictetus, 
(Enchir.) HN. and by Dr. Johnson in his celebrated imitation, The 
Vanity of Human Wishes. M. 



240 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. X. 



Omnibus -in terris, quae sunt a Gadibus usque 
Auroram et Gangen, pauci dignoscere possunt 
Vera bona atque illis multum diversa, remota 
Erroris nebula. Quid enim ratione timemus 
5 Aut cupimus ? Quid tam dextro pede concipis, ut te 
Conatus non poeniteat votique peracti ? 
Evertere domos totas optantibus ipsis 
Di faciles. Nocitura toga, nocitura petuntur 
Militia. Torrens dicendi copia multis 
10 Et sua mortifera est facundia. Viribus ille 



1. Gades, now Cadiz. PR. hominum 
fines; Sil. i. 141. \xrot Tatitlgut, rut 
Baxr^iut «rg *' 'itour Anacr. xxxii. 25. It. 
' The pillars of Hercules.' VS. 

2. ' The furthest east.' GR. Aurora; 
Varr. L. L. vi. Cic. de Div. i. Ov. M. 
i. 61. PR. 

The GaDges rose in Mount Imaus. cf. 
S. Hier. Ep. to Rust. PR. 

Ignoratione rerum bonarum et malarum, 
maiime hominum vita vexatur ; Cic. Fin. 
i. GR. Socrates, quasi quoddam terrestre 
oraculum, nihil ultra petendum a diis 
immortalibus arbitrabatur, quam ut bona 
tribuerent, quia ii demum scirent, quid 
unicuique esset utile, &c. V. Max. vii. 2. 
eit. 1. PR. ixtTte evt \ttou, ocut xaxut 
air toe h aytota relt atS^utoti' oTort, us 
'ioixt, XtXnSafjt.it hfioL? abrovs ^ta ravrtit 
xa) T^drretrts , xai, royt tf^arot, iv%b- 
ftivei r\fut ct.hr ott ra xdxiara x. r. X. 
J Mat. Ale. II. p. 15(5. ioxti ftoi ucrrtg ru 
Aioftwiu <pnff) rtjt ' Afaveiv "Optiges (11. E 
127.) airo rut o<$6aXft.ut a If) bX sit rrit 
a, %Xv t, " o(pg tl yiyvue-xei fifth hot j$s 
xai ato^a,'' ovru xa) aoZ £e/V iota rris 
*l>ux7i{ xgurot aQtXo'tra ri)t u%Xut, 
ri tvt <xagev<ra rvy^dtti, romtixavr *$t) 
T(>otr(pt(>uv 5/ at ///iXXiii ytuaiaSai fifth 
xaxot riot xai iffSXet' lb. p. 180. B. " We, 
ignorant of ourselves, Beg often our own 
harms, which the wise powers Deny us 
for our good; so find we profit, By losing 
of our prayers j" Shaksp. G. cf. Arist. 
Eth. i. 3. 

3. Res fallunt; Mas disceme: pro bonis 
mala ampleciimur ; optamus contra id, 
quod optavimus ; pugnant nostra vota cum 
votis, consilia cum consiliis; Sen. Ep. 54. 
R. 

5. The 1 right' and ' left' were con- 



sidered ' good' and ' evil' omens respec- 
tively. Pers. ii. 11. iii. 48. v. 114. sinistro 
pede profectum spes me frustrata est ; 
Apul. M. PR. Hor. II Ep. ii. 37. et nos 
et tit a dexter adi pede sacra secundo; 
Virg. JE. viii. 302. M. ebx evv "oaxsi <rei 
vreXXtif vr^eftnh'ias yt #£0trtt7<r6at, o-rus 
ftr) Xritrtrai rif avrbt tb%oftstos ft.iya.Xa 
xaxa, oexut V uyaDu ; ei ot h.e) rv^uerit 
tv ravrri b'vrtf rri 'i%u, it y o^iooafftv abro) a 
ri( tb%bfittes ruy^dtti \ Plat. Ale. II. 
p. 140. ivoYiim; 5s xa) rut tut tri yreXXevg, 
ebx ogyyi xt%gnftitous , ufirt^ ixtitot (<rov 
Oih'wovv), obV oleftitovs xaxa, afoot* iu- 
XteSai, aXX' ayada. ixiTtos fth, coo-vrsg 
ebo' nv^iro, obV utre' 'irt^oi ot mvis tie-it, 
el rdtatr'ia rouruv <7rt'7rot6a<riv' p. 148. o\ 
vroXXo) ovts at rv^att'ihos ^ihefthns acro- 
ff%oitro at, evrt cr^arnyias, ovS? trtouv 
ireXXut, a Tagotra (iXavrn ftaXXot vi 
uQiXu uXXa. xat ib\awro at yitioSai, u 
rco fzh <!ra^otra rvy%am oXiyet o\ \m- 
o-%otns, itiort <raXttoSoav<rtt, ativ^efzttoi 
arr at ro tr^eorot tb\utraf p. 154. Horn. 
Od. A 32 sqq. R. 

7. As Neptune, by listening to the 
vows of Theseus concerning Hippolytus. 
FA. The same ideas occur in V. Max. 
vii. 2. ext. 1. PR. cf. 111. Sen. Ep. 
60. 101. 109. R. cupiditates suni \nsati- 
abiles, non modo singulos homines, sed 
universas familias evertunt : Cic. Fin. i. 
G. 

8. As the toga is put for ' peace,' viii. 
240. Cic. Pis. 30. so the sagum is used 
for war : thus ad saga ire, and redire ad 
togas ; Cic. Phil, cedant arma toga ; Id. 
PR. R. 

9. Cf. iii. 74. R. 

Multis; as to Cicero, Demosthenes, 
&C. 114 sqq. FA. 



iAT. x. OF JUVENAL. 241 

8 

Confisus periit admirandisque lacertis. 
Sed plures nimia corigesta pecunia cura 
Strangulat et cuncta exsuperans patrimonia census, 
Quanto delphinis balsena Britannica major. 

15 Temporibus diris igitur jussuque Neronis 

Longinum et magnos Senecse praedivitis hortos 
Clausit et egregias Lateranorum obsidet sedes 
Tota cohors: raras venit in ccenacula miles. 
Pauca licet portes argenti vascula puri, 

20 Nocte iter ingressus gladium contumque timebis 
Et motae ad lunam trepidabis amndinis umbram : 



1 1 . Utque Milo robur diducere fissile 
tentes, nec possis captas bide referve maims ; 
Ov. Ib. 609 sq. PR. " Remember Milo's 
end, Wedged in the timber which he 
strove to rend." RO. Miro was a cele- 
brated athlete of Crotona. VS. Plin. vii. 
20. xxxvii. 10. V. Max. ix. 12. ext. 9. 
Gell. xv. 16. SCH. Paus. vi. 14. Strab. 
vi. p. 403. Ml. V. H. ii. 24. xii. 22. 
Ath. x. 2. Philost. V. A. iv. 9. Suid. R. 

12. Cf. Prop. III. vii. 1 sqq. Sen. 
Ep. 88. 115. de Ira iii. 32. T. V. i. 8. 
R. 

13. ' Strangles' i. e. « causes to be 
strangled:' c they are strangled for the 
sake of their money :' FA. or ' choaks,' as 
it did Midas: Mldau rr,v ztxaixv ^n^outra,;, 
XifjcuTTuv •ffXownls figo%ois axr-ri^ Xi° u ' 
<to7s k<x ay £ o fiiv o i -Diog. Cyn. Ep. 
to Chrys. LU. 

14. < Dolphins:' Plin. ix. 8. Ath. 
xiii. 8. Plut. Comp. An. Jin. Conv. 
Jin. Gell. vii. 8. xvi. ult. Her. i. 23 sq. 
PR. 

Small whales sometimes penetrated 
into the Mediterranean, but the largest 
were found in the Indian Ocean. Plin. 
ix. 3 — 7. immania cete ; Virg. M. v. 822. 
beluosus qui vemotis obstrepit Oceanus 
Britannis; Hor. IV Od. xiv. 47 sq. 

15. ' When Nero used to plunder the 
rich.' VS. 

16. Longinum is here put for Longini 
domum. cf. Prop. I. i. 24. Charit. p. 395 
sqq. (D'O.) Claud. C. St. ii. 16. Lotich. 
I. ii. 9. BU. Sil. vi. 179. xii. 65. Tac. 
A. ii. 20, 2. Liv. i. 33, 7. xii. 12, 8. 
xxiv. 5, 7. R. objection est Cassio Lon- 
gino jurisconsulto ac luminibus orbato, 
quod in vetere gcntili stemmate C. Cassii 
percussoris Ccesaris imagines retinuisset : 

9 



et huic aliisque mori jussis non amplius 
quam hor avium spatium dabat Neva ; 
Suet. 37. PR. FA. 

Seneca ; viii. 212. v. 109. PR. Tac. A. 
xiii. 42. xiv. 52—56. 65. xv. 56. 60—65. 
Xiph. Ner. SCH. R. 

Rufus ac Tigellinus vaviis cvimina- 
tionibus Senecam adoriuntur, tamquam 
ingentes et ultva privatum modum evectas 
opes adhuc augeret, hortorum quoque 
ama?7iitate et villarum magnificentia pvin- 
cipem supergvederetur ; $)C Seneca him- 
self says to the emperor tantum honor um 
atque opum in me cumuldsti, ut nihil 
felicitati mece desit, nisi moderatio ejus: . . 
tu gratiam immensam, innumeram pecu- 
niam dedisti: §c. Tac. A. xiv. PR. 

17. Seneca ex Campania remeans, sub- 
urbano rure substiterat : Mo propinqua 
vespeva tribunus venit, et villam globus 
militum sepsit ; Tac. A. xiv. 60. PR. 

Plautius Latevanus, who had intrigued 
with the infamous Messalina, was put to 
death (when consul elect) for conspiring 
against Nero: Tac. A. xi. 30. 36. xiii. 
1 1. xv. 49. 60. His mansion was situ- 
ated on the Ccelian Hill, and its site is 
occupied by the modern Lateran. R. 
BRI. 

18. Cceyiacula ; note on iii. 199. T. vii. 
118. R. Apul. M. ix.fin. PR. 

20. ' The bandit's sword and pike.' 
LU. Sil. xv. 687. R. 

21. ' By moon-light.' SCH. simul ipsa 
silentia tevrent ; Virg. iE. ii. 755. VS. 
In Nero's time those who possessed a 
few valuables would be anxious to move 
them by night, in order to escape observ- 
ation. G. 

' Shadow.' tyiv ocbrou trxiocv <p o$i~ia6u.r 
Plat. Phasd. LU. Hor. I Od. xxiu. 5 sqq. 
I 



242 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. X. 



Cantabit vacuus coram latrone viator. 
Prima fere vota et cunctis notissima templis 
Divitiae; crescant ut opes, ut maxima toto 

25 Nostra sit area foro. Sed nulla aconita bibuntur 
Fictilibus. Tunc ilia time, quum pocula sumes 
Gemmata et lato Setinum ardebit in auro. 
Jamne igitur laudas, quod de sapientibus alter 
Ridebat, quoties de limine moverat unum 

30 Protuleratque pedem; flebat contrarius auctor? 
Sed facilis cuivis rigidi censura cachinni: 
Mirandum est, unde ille oculis suffecerit humor. 
Perpetuo risu pulmonem agitare solebat 
Democritus, quamquam non essent urbibus illis 



Stat. Th. vi. 158 sqq. Claud. Eutr. ii. 
451. (£.) R. 

" A reed shaken with the wind ;" St 
Matth. xi. 7. 

22. Sic timet insidias quia scit se ferre 
viator cur timeat, tatum carpit inauis 
(Cic. Att. xiv. 3. Plaut. Bac. III. iv. 10. 
R.) iter; Ov. Nux,43 sq. G. nudum latro 
transmittit; etiam in obsessa via pauperi 
pax est; Sen. Lucil. LU. 

23. Cf. Pers. ii. 44 sqq. R. 

24. Opes are more than divitice, im- 
plying some degree of power. ACH. 
expetuntur divitiae, ut utare; opes, 
ut colaris; honorcs, ut lauderis; Cic. Am. 
6. PR. 

25. The senators and other persons of 
property had, for security's sake, strong 
boxes in the forum of Trajan, and that 
of Mars, in which they deposited their 
money for safety. Hence the place itself 
was called. Opes. Afterwards, for more 
security, they used the temple of Castor 
and other temples round the forum. VS. 
xiv. 258 sqq. GE. Aur. Ep. to the Senate 
in Fl. Vopisc. PR. Ulp. ad Edict, xxx. 
Depos. vii. 10. PL. 

Aconita; i. 158. cf. Sen. Thy. III. i. 
448—454. PR. Id. H. (E. II. v. 652 sqq. 
R. 

27. Gemmata ; v. 39 sqq. PR. 
Setinum ; v. 34. SCH. 

28. ' Does it not now meet with your 
approbation!' PR. 

The laughing sage was Democritus of 
Abdera ; GR. a man of very extra- 
ordinary talents, and the first philosopher 



of his age. He was, however, the father 
of all that desolating philosophy, which, 
placing the senses in the room of reason, 
tends to extinguish science, while it en- 
courages personal gratifications. G. He 
is said to have lived to the age of one 
hundred and nine. cf. Suid. D. Laert. 
ix. Cic. de Fato 23. de N. D. i. 66. 121. 
Q. Ac. iv. 121. Plin. xxviii. 8. vii. 55. 
PR. Sen. de Ira ii. 10. de Tr. An. 15. 
Claud, xvii. 90. (/{.) Luc. Gl 13 sq. 
ToZra. o'vtu ytyvoptvet xcti vto ruv tfoXXuv 

WHTTiVOfilva 0~i7ffl}cc'l (Jt,0t O~0Kt7 70V fJLiV llTt- 

rififiirovros ovo'ivof. 'HgaxXt'irov vivos >5 
AnftoKgirou . rov ftiv yt\atro/u,ivou 7r>v ecvoiotv 
C&V7UV, tov o~i 7riv ctyvoiciv ob'v(io[AtvoV Id. 

de Sacr. 15. R. 

30. The crying philosopher was Hera- 
clitus of Ephesus. LU. He was a stern 
and rigid moralist of what was afterwards 
called the Stoic school ; as little likely to 
cry upon all occasions, as the former to 
laugh. This, however, was not Juvenal's 
concern : their popular characteristics 
served his purpose. G. He is said to have 
died of a dropsy at the age of sixty. Cic. 
N. D. i. 74. iii. 35. D. Laert. ix. PR. 
Lucr. i. 639 sqq. 

31. The epithet ' harsh' properly ap- 
plies to ' the censure' and not to ' the 
laugh.' R. 

33. The spleen is said to be the seat of 
laughter. VS. cf. Cic. de Or. ii. 235. PR. 
Plin. xi. 37 s 80. (HA.) Pers. i. 12. 
(CAS.) R. 

34. • Abdera and the neighbouring 
towns.' LU.cf. Hor. II Ep. i. 194 sqq, R. 



SAT. X. 



OF JUVENAL. 



243 



35 Praetexta et trabeae, fasces, lectica, tribunal. 
Quid, si vidisset Praetorem curribus altis 
Exstantem et medio sublimem in pulvere Circi 
In tunica Jovis et pictae Sarrana ferentem 
Ex humeris aulaea togae magnaeque coronse 

40 Tantum orbem, quanto cervix non sufficit ulla? 
Quippe tenet sudans hanc publicus et, sibi Consul 
Ne placeat, curru servus portatur eodem. 
Da nunc et volucrem, sceptro quae surgit eburno, 
Illinc cornicines, hinc praecedentia longi 

45 Agminis officia et niveos ad frena Quirites, 
Defossa in loculis quos sportula fecit amicos. 



35. The prcetexta palmata was intro- 
duced by Tarquin the elder. VS. cf.99.R, 

Trabece ; viii. 259. LU. 

Fasces; v. 110. PR. 

Lectica ; i. 32. 64. PR. 

The Tribunal was originally a square 
moveable wooden platform ; but in the 
times of the emperors it was of stone and 
semicircular. AD. M. The praetor ad- 
ministered justice from an ivory curule 
chair ; inferior magistrates from benches. 
Pa?dian. Verr. 1. PR. 

36. Cf. viii. 194. LU. The triumphal 
car was in the shape of a round turret, 
PR. gilded, and drawn by four white 
horses. M. In describing the procession 
of the praetor to open the Circensian 
games, Juvenal has mixed up with it 
much of the pomp and circumstance of a 
triumph, (xi. 192. R.) A trifling incon- 
sistency would not deter our author from 
stepping out of the way to make his ridi- 
cule more poignant. The ivory sceptre, 
surmounted with its eagle, was too import- 
ant a gewgaw to be omitted : aquila ex 
eburna sumit arrogantiam gestator ejus ac 
superhit belucB ivflatus esse ; Prud. G. cf. 
Liv. xxx. 15. This p r ae t o r is also called 
consul, the former being a more exten- 
sive term and denoting ' the leader of an 
army,' LU. FA. prcB itor ; hence prceto- 
rhim ' a general's tent.' [Livy xxiii, 40, 
a ; xxviii, 25, 5. ED.] 

37. Circi; iii. 65, 223, notes. PR. 
The Circensian procession went from the 
Capitol into ' the centre of the circus.' 
Dionys. H. vii. 72. R. 

38. The embroidered tunic worn by 
generals in their triumph was kept at 



other times in the temple of Jupiter. Liv. 
X. xx. 7. Lampr. Al. Sev. PR. R. 

Pictce ; i. e. with the needle. PR. 

Sarrana ' Tyrian ;' (Sarra was the 
ancient name of Tyre;) i. e. ' purple.' 
Virg. G. ii. 506. VS. LU. M. 

39. ' The tapestry so called satiri- 
cally from its cumbrous folds resembling 
curtained drapery. LU. velis amictos i non 
togis; Cic. Cat. ii. 10. VS. 

40. An allusion perhaps to Atlas, cf. 
63, note. 

41. There were public as well as pri- 
vate slaves at Rome. LI. 

42. As some curb to the pride of the 
victor, it was the servant's duty to call 
his attention to emblems of vicissitude and 
mortality, and to exclaim, at intervals, 
" Look behind thee : remember thou art 
a man !" LU. FA. Tertull. Ap. 33. PR. 
de Cor. Mil. 13. Plin. xxii. 4. xxviii. 4. 
xxxiii. 1. Jos. A. J. vii. 24. R. The 
words used by the slave are apparently 
borrowed from the history of Philip of 
Macedon. HN. The very presence of a 
slave would remind the conqueror of the 
truth which our author states in vii. 201. 

43. * The eagle which stands in act to 
soar.' Dionys. H. iii. 61. App. Pun. 66. 
Liv. xxx. 15. Tsid. ii. 18. Hirner. p. 219. 
( WE.) A mm. Marc. xxix. 2, 15. (VAL.) 
Claud, i. 205. xxii. 363. R. 

44. See Plut. P. Mm. Jos. B. J. i. ii. 
17. PR. App. Pun. 66. R. 

45.. Officia; ii. 132, note. M. 

Niveos * clad in the snow-white gown.' 
{Candida toga.) MAT. T. 

46. ' Buried deep.' GR. (cf. St Luke 
xix. 20.) This line casts a reflection on 



244 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. X. 



Tunc quoque materiam risus invenit ad oranes 
Occursus hominum, cujus prudentia monstrat, 
Summos posse viros et magna exempla daturos 

50 Vervecum in patria crassoque sub aere nasci. 
Ridebat curas, nec non et gaudia vulgi, 
Interdum et lacrumas, quum Fortunae ipse minaci 
Mandaret laqueum medium que ostenderet unguem. 
Ergo supervacua aut perniciosa petuntur, 

55 Propter quae fas est genua incerare Deorum. 

Quosdam praecipitat subjecta potentia magna? 
Invidise; mergit longa atque insignis honorum 
Pagina; descendunt statuae restemque sequuntur. 

the stingy pations as well as on the mer- xii. 88. Prud. c. Sym. i. Ham. 405. 

cenary clients, i. 95 sqq, notes. PR. Plin. xi. 45. PR. Philost. Her. i. 17. 

47. ' Even in those days.' Apul. Ap. i. R. [Livy xxviii, 45, v. 

49. Potest etiam ex angulo vir magnus EjD.] 

prodire', Sen. GR. 56. TLoWov; av t^oi^v slvrtTv, o'trot <rv- 

50. Abdera in Thrace was proverbial £«vv/^aj \<7Tt()u[/.riiTuvris r&vi xu.) tr'z'oubd.o'ctvTtf 
for the Stupidity of its inhabitants. As tout abrolf <7r«.£«.yivi<T$a.i, u; uyaQov rt 

this was ' the country of bell-wethers,' so ^agovcsj, ha rhv Tv^aWtla. Wi[lou\tvd't*rt$ 

Bceotia had a bad name as * the land of tov fZlov a.qrto'-Jvffa.v x. r. X. Plat. Ale. ii. 

hogs,' a proverb which seems to have p. 150. Plin. vii. 40 — 45. R. [Livyxxiv, 

mortified Pindar : 01. vi. 1 52. G. cf. 1 lor. 2 1 , 3 and 4. ED.] 

II Ep. i. 244. Plaut. Pers. II. GR. Cic. 57. Invidiaenimsummaquceque appetit; 

N. D. i. 43. Ath. iv. 16. vii. 7. Mart. Tac. assidua est eminentis fortunce comes, 

X. xxv. PR. R. altissimisque adhceret; V. Pat. i. PR. Hor. 

52. " Secure the while, he mock'd at I S. vi. 26. 47. R. 

Foi tune's frownAnd, when she threaten'd, Mergit: cf. xiii. 8. Lucr. v. 1006. Sil. 

bade her hang." G. cf. xiii. 20. viii. 285. Virg. 7E. vi. 512. (HY.) R. 

53. 1 A halter.' restim cape et suspende This was literally the case with Smerdis : 
te; Plaut. Pers. V. ii. 34. cf. Ter. Phor. Her. iii. 

V. iv. 4. toccvov aWrnruvTi poi o^a; rov 58. ' A brass plate attached to the 

(i^ox,ov Luc. Tim. 45. and 20. R. Mart, statues of eminent persons and containing 

Ii. xxviii. 2. VI. lxx. 5. Pers. ii. 33. a pompous enumeration of their titles, 

(CAS.) Arr. Epict. iii. 2. Petr. 131. A. and honours.' VS. Similar plates are 

R. Isaiah lviii. 9. AT. affixed to the back of the stalls in St 

55. When the ancients made their George's Chapel, Windsor, with the titles 

vows to the gods, they wrote them on &c. of the Knights of the Garter, 
paper or on waxen tables, sealed them ' Descend from their pedestals:' cf. 

up, and, with wax, fastened them to the viii. 18, note. Tac. A. iii. LU. Pisonis 

knees or thighs of the statues. When statuam deturbant, afiiginit, comminuunt, 

their desires were granted, they used to dissipant; et quod in ipmm altulerant 

take away the paper, tear it, and bring odium, id in ejus imaginem ac simulacrum 

the gods whatever had been promised. T. perfuderunt ; Cic. PR. uxiva ««/ «v^/- 

HO. The same practice is observed in uvti?, ov; h fo'ki; uviaTniri itoi vruXui, <xa.v- 

Roman Catholic countries towards the ts; uvurt'rgctft/u.lvtii yiXura wugi%outri ro7s 

images of saints. It was an ancient cus- hup'tvon' Luc.Catap.il. R. 
torn, stillsubsisting in the east, to embrace 'They follow the rope,' which was 

the knees of one from whom favour or used to pull them down from their ele- 

protection was solicited. G. Of that vated position, LU. and, afterwards, to 

which is quite precarious, it is said huv drag them through the streets. PR. V. 

b -yovwm Kuraf Horn. II. P 514. VL. cf. Flac. i. 122. (H.) R. 



SAT. X. 



OF JUVENAL. 



245 



Ipsas deinde rotas bigarum impacta securis 
60 Caedit et immeritis frangimtur crura caballis. 
Jam stridunt ignes, jam follibus atque caminis 
Ardet adoratum populo caput et crepat ingens 
Sejanus : deinde ex facie toto orbe secunda 
Fiunt urceoli, pelves, sartago, patellae. 
65 " Pone domi lauros, due in Capitolia magnum 
Cretatumque bovem : Sejanus ducitur unco 
Spectandus : gaudent omnes. Quae labra ? quis illi 
Vultus erat ? Numquam, si quid mihi credis, amavi 



59. Cf. vii. 125 sqq. 

60. Caballis; iii. 118. R. 

61. Many statues of gold, as well as of 
bronze, had been erected in honour of 
iElius Sejanus ; (who held the offices of 
prefect of the city, VS. and captain of the 
praetorian bands: Suet. 55. 66. &c. Tac. 
A. iii.) these were melted down as soon 
as he was disgraced. LU. PR. 

62. Cujus statuis sacra faciebunt, non 
aliter quam statuis Tiberii ; quemque Ti- 
berii collegam appellabant, non in comulatu, 
sed in orbis terra imperio ; Xiph. Tib. 
Tac. A. iv. 2. extr, LU. Suet. Tib. 48. 
65. R. 

63. This instance is most happily 
chosen, since it. exhibits at one view, not 
only the instability of court, but of popular 
favour. No subject ever ascended to 
such a height of power ; none ever fell 
from it so rapidly into the abyss of dis- 
grace and ruin. This picture of the un- 
feeling and barbarous versatility of the 
mob has seldom been equalled for truth 
and humour. With respect to Sejanus, 
it may be said of him, as it was of Lally, 
by Voltaire ; " he was one against whom 
every man had a right to lift his hand 
but the executioner." During the full 
tide of his prosperity, nothing seems to 
have been too low for his malice. Even 
the obscure and inoffensive Phsedrus, 
pathetically complains of having been 
unjustly accused by him : (III. prol.) he 
survived, however, both the accusation 
and the accuser, and in his 'story of 
Princeps Tibicen, gently retorts upon the 
fallen fortunes of his adversary. G. 

Thus Rutilius Gallicus, preefect of the 
city, is called proximo (Germanico) cervix 
ponderis immensi ; Stat. S. I. iv. 6. R. 

64. Pliny gives a very interesting detail 
of the impotent vengeance exercised on 



such statues by the rabble : juvabat illi- 
dere solo superbissimos vultus, instureferro, 
scevire securibus, ut si s'mgulos ictus san- 
guis dolor que sequeretur. nemo tarn tem- 
perans gaudii, serceque lottitice, quin instar 
ultionis videretur cernere laceros artus, 
truncata membra, postremo truces horren- 
dasque imagines abjectas excoctasque flam- 
mis, nt ex illo terrore et minis, in usum 
hominum ac voluptates igvibiis mutarentur; 
Plin. Pan. 52. <ruvi%ccivtu0y<rav ho.) ig av- 
tmv (AiyaXa %gwfta.rct fuvikeytj' Xiph. 
Nerv. pr. R. A change, the reverse of 
this, is recorded in Her. ii. 172. cf. vii. 
197 sq. 

65. To understand the little drama 
which follows, we must suppose one of 
those who had witnessed the commence- 
ment of Sejanus' punishment, hastening 
home to announce the intelligence, and 
prepare his public demonstrations of 
loyalty and joy. The dialogue passes 
between him and his neighbours, cf. vi. 
47—52. G. 

The verb ducere applies both to victims 
and to culprits. Ov. M.xv. 114. (if.) R. 

Capitolia} xiv. 91. PR. 

The larger victims were sacrificed on 
any occasion of public rejoicing ; and 
white victims to the celestial gods. 
LU. BRI. cretatumque bovem duci ad 
Capitolia magna ; Lucr. VS. Virg. 2E. 
ix. 627 sq. Ov. Pont. IV. ix. 50. R. 

66. Cf. cretata ambitio ; Pers. v. 177. 
BRI. and 108. PR. 

After the executioner had fixed a hook 
in the throat, the body was dragged by 
the populace to the Gemonian steps 
on the Aventine Hill, and, when the 
vengeance of the. mob was sated, thrown 
into the Tiber. SCH. M. Suet. Tib. 61. 
Xiph. Tib. PR. Dio Iviii. 11. R. 

67. ' A glorious sight.' 



246 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. X. 



Hunc hominem." "Sed quo cecidit sub crimine? quisnam 
70 Delator ? quibus indiciis ? quo teste probavit ?" 
" Nil horum : verbosa et grandis epistola venit 
A Capreis." " Bene habet ; nil plus interrogo. Sed quid 
Turba Remi ?" " Sequitur Fortunam, ut semper, et odit 
Damnatos. Idem populus, si Nursia Tusco 
75 Favisset, si oppressa foret secura senectus 
Principis, hac ipsa Sejanum diceret hora 
Augustum. Jam pridem, ex quo suffragia nulli 
Vendimus, effudit curas. Nam qui dabat olim 



69. Cecidit ; iv. 12. R. 

70. 1 Did the emperor prove the 
chargeV BRI. 

71. Dio (lviii. 4 — 8.) sneers at the 
length of this epistle : Suetonius (55.) 
calls it pudenda mherandaque oratio. The 
truth is, that Tiberius (who, like Crom- 
well, was always too cunning to be 
clear) was at this time confounded by his 
fears, or at least pretended to be so ; and 
therefore wrote " about it, and about it." 
Suetonius has preserved a sentence of 
this memorable address which fully justi- 
fies the character he has given of it. 
Among other things, Tiberius besought 
the senate to send one of the consuls, 
with a millitary guard, to conduct him, a 
poor and desolate old man, in safety to 
their presence ! Jonson in his Sejanus 
has fabricated * a verbose epistle' for 
Tiberius, with a masterly hand. G. R. 
Nervius Sertorius Macro, who was ap- 
pointed successor to Sejanus as prefect of 
the prcetorian bands, was the confidential 
bearer of this epistle. SCH. 

72. Caprece, (now 1 Capri') an island 
in the bay of Naples, was the favourite 
residence of Tiberius, where he abandoned 
himself to his pleasures, leaving Sejanus 
to rule in Rome. PR. 93. Plin. iii. 6. 
Strab. i. p. 15. v. p. 171. vi. p. 178. 
Tac. A. iv. 67. Suet. Tib. 40. 43. 65. 
Apollod. p. 312. R. and Virg. JE. vii. 
733 sqq. ( HY.) VS. 

KaxSs %%u\ LU. cf. Cic. Mur. 6. 
Liv. viii. 6. Stat. Th. xi. 557. xii. 338. 
(-B.) Prop. IV. xi. 97. (PAS.) R. 

Nil ultra qucero plebeius; Hor. II S. 
iii. 188. (BY.) R. 

73. Mobilium turba Quiritium ; Hor. I 
Od. i. 7. plebs Remi ; Mart. X. lxxvi. 4. 
Cat. lviii. 5. Stat. S. II. vii. 60. Prop. 
IV. vi. 10. oiffw 'r'ipoio- Diodor. ep. 



Anth. i. cf. Plut. Rom. pr. Prop. II. i. 
23. IV. i. 9. (VU.) Pers. i. 73. (K.) 
R. 

' Always :' as in the cases of Marius, 
Pompey, and others. LU. ut hir undines 
atstivo tempore prvesto sunt,frigore pulsce 
recedunt: ita faLi amici sereno vitce tem- 
pore preesto sunt ; simul at que hyemem 
fortunes viderint, devolant omnes ; Cic. to 
Heren. 4. PR. Hor. I Od. xxxv. 22. 25 
sqq. (BY. ) I Ep. xix. 37. R. 

74. Sejanus was a native of Volsinii 
(now ' Bolsena') in Tuscany. LU. Tac. 
A. iv. 1. R. vnicuique etiam provincite et 
civitati suns deus est, ut Syrice Astartes, 
ut Arabia? Disares, . . . Asculanorum dea 
Ancaria, Volsiuiensium Nursia, Ocricula- 
norum Valentin, Sutrinorum Nortiu, 3fc 
Tert. Apol. 24. Liv. vii. 3. PR. Our 
author might be condemned of pedantry, 
G. but it must be recollected that these 
words are not uttered in his own person, 
but are put into the mouth of one who 
hardly dared to express himself without 
some mystification. 

75. Observe the difference between 
secura and tuta. 

For the periphrasis, cf. iv. 81, note. 

R. 

77. Augustum ' emperor.' SCH. 

78. Nec minor in campo furor est ; 
emtique Quiriles ad pradam strepitumque 
lucri suffragia vertunt: venalis populus, 
venalis curia patrum : est favor in pretio y 
%c. Petr. de M. RP. Rom. 39 sqq. Luc. 
i. 178. PR. 

If Juvenal sometimes lashes the ty- 
ranny of the chiefs, he at others treats 
the base and abject submission of the 
people with equal, if not superior, seve- 
rity. It is clear, that their power had 
been broken by the usurpations of Marius 
and Sylla ; they still, however, retained 



SAT. X. 



OF JUVENAL. 



247 



Imperium, fasces, legiones, omnia, nunc se 
80 Continet atque duas tantum res anxius optat, 

Panem et Circenses." " Perituros audio multos." 

" Nil dubium; magna est fornacula: pallidulus mi 

Brutidius meus ad Martis fuit obvius aram. 

Quam timeo, victus ne poenas exigat Ajax, 
85 Ut male defensus ! Curramus prsecipites et, 

Dum jacet in ripa, calcemus Csesaris hostem. 

Sed videant servi, ne quis neget et pavidum in jus 



a considerable degree of influence, and 
nominally gave, or rather sold, their 
suffrages, till the days of Julius Cfesar. 
That they were ripe for the slavery 
which awaited them, cannot be denied; 
for such was their corruption and rapa- 
city, that they only enquired which of 
the candidates would bribe highest. 
Caesar, however, did not directly deprive 
the people of their suffrages ; he only 
took the nomination of the consuls upon 
himself, and left the choice, or rather the 
sale, of the inferior magistracies to them, 
upon condition that he should have the 
recommendation to one half! Suetonius 
has preserved his conge d'elire, and a 
very curious one it is : Ccesar Dictator 
Illi Tribui. Commendo vnbis ilium, et 
ilium, ut vestro suffragio suam dignitatem 
teneant; Caes. 41. 19. Aug. 40. (CAS.) 
These recommendations were never over- 
looked : preces erant, sed quibus contradici 
non possit ; Tac. Augustus seems some- 
what to have enlarged the power of the 
people, which was again abridged by 
Tiberius, or rather taken quite away ; 
neque, says the historian, with honest in- 
dignation, populus ademtum jus questus 
est, nisi inani rumore. Caligula, in a fit 
of popularity, showed symptoms of re- 
establishing them in a part of their rights, 
which however came to nothing : this 
was the last effort in their favour, and 
from this period they gradually, and in- 
deed deservedly, sunk into insignificance 
and contempt. It argues great courage 
in our author to reproach the Romans for 
their supineness ; and must have been 
highly offensive to their rulers. About 
this, however, he appears to be little 
solicitous ; nay, much of what he says 
here is immediately levelled at Trajan, 
who had, about this time, transferred to 
the Senate, or rather to himself, the very 
trifling degree of power which the people 



had hitherto been permitted to retain. G. 
FA. cf. Tac. An. i. 15. (LI.) R. 

' It has lost all interest.' The meta- 
phor is taken from a person emptying a 
vessel, by pouring out the liquor. M. 
Sen. de Ira ii. 35. in Epist. 11. C ic. ad 
Div. i. 9, 54. R. 

79. Omnia; Sulp, 38. Phaadr. IV. 
xxiii. 5. (BU.) R. 

80. Note on iii. 223. PR, cf. Tac. A. 
i. 2. R. 

81. ' Bread:' vii. 174 sq. PR. 

* Many.' cf. Dio lviii. 7 sq. Suet. Tib. 
61. R. 

82. * It is a large little furnace,' L U. R, 
capable of holding many an image beside 
Sej anus's. M. 61. PR. 

' Looking palish.' 

83. Brutidius Niger, the rhetorician 
and historian, was an intimate friend of 
Sejanus, and included in the sentence of 
death. Tac. A. iii. 66. Sen. Suas. vii. 
PR. 

' Of Mars the avenger,' SCH. in the 
forum of Augustus. Suet. Aug. 29. R. 

84. Ajax (vii. 115. PR. xiv. 286. R.) 
here means the emperor. Suet. Tib. 61 
sq. • Lest in a fit of disappointment, he 
should wreak dire vengeance on those, by 
whom he may consider that his honour 
had been but inadequately vindicated.' 
PR. There is also an indirect reproach 
to the Romans for their submitting to 
be butchered : R. like so many sheep ; 
Hor. IT S. iii. 197. 

86. Aurhv o OfAtXis <roio)v oXctis rifjt.iQci.~z 
lXvf4.*ivctT0, xa) fjciTa, Tovro Is rov vrorc&jtov 
hi/Sate- Dio lviii. SCH. cf. 66. R. 

This was a common method of insult- 
ing over the fallen. Horn. II. N 618. 
Soph. El. Aj. Anacr. xlvi. 6. Arist. Eq. 
596. R. quicumque amisit dignitatem pris- 
tinam, ignavis etiamjocus est in casu gravi; 
Pha-dr. I. xxi. [Livy xxiii, 43, 3. ED.~\ 

87. Servants often turned informers 



248 , THE SATIRES sat. x. 

Cervice obstricta dominum trahat." Hi sermones 
Tunc de Sejano, secreta haec murmura vulgi. 

90 Visne salutari, sicut Sejanus? habere 

Tantumdem ? atque illi summas donare curules? 
Ilium exercitibus praeponere? tutor haberi 
Principis angusta Caprearum in rupe sedentis 
Cum grege Chaldaeo? Vis certe pila, cohortes, 

95 Egregios equites, et castra domestica? Quidni 



against their masters, VS. in cases of high 
treason, the only circumstances under 
which their evidence was admissible 
against them. Tac. A. ii. 28. cf. Dio 
lxviii. p. 769. decreta accusatoribus prce- 
cipua pr&mia, nonnumquam et testibus : 
nembri delatorum fides abrogata : omne 
crimen pro capitali receplum, etiam pauco- 
rum simpliciumque verborum ; Suet. Tib. 

61. ygKit ycc^ /X.0V0V T(?OS KCtT'/iyOQIOlV tivo; 
to rou "Ziiavou <plXuv n yinoSoii y] SoPm' 

Xiph. Tib. R. 

88. Those who were taken up and 
dragged before the magistrates, had a 
chain or halter fastened round their neck : 
as felons among us are brought to trial 
with gyves or fetters on their legs. M. 

90. ' To have the same court paid to 
you as to Sejanus?' R. 

91. Understand sellas: thus major 
curulis; Stat. S. I. iv. 82. R. cf. Gell. 
iii. 18. Cic. Cat. iv. init. cui libet is 
fasces dabit eripietque curule. cui volet 
importunus ebur ; Hor. I Ep. vi. 53 sq. 
PR. 

92. Tutor < regent' for Tiberius, LU. 
and also ' his guardian and protector ;' 
as though the emperor were too childish 
to administer his own affairs, M. and 
completely under the thumb of his 
favourite. R. 

93. Cupreas se contulit, prcecipue delec- 
talus insula, quod uno parvoquc litore 
adirelur, septa undique prceruptis im- 
menscB altitudinis rupibus et prqfundo 
maris; Suet. 40. Tac. A. iv. 67. PR. 
He spent the last seven years of his life 
there. R. 

Sedentis, cf. Suet. 43. HE. Mart. V. 
lxxi. 3. %o6ai and xufao-dxi are used in 
speaking of an indolent and obscure life. 
Tyrt. p. 143. (KL.) R. 

94. Cf. vi. 553. PR. 576. Suet. Tib. 
14. 69. LU. o Tifit^ief IftTru^nretro; %io\ 
van Ktrr^uv ftavrixws W Dio lviii. R. 

It may seem a little extraordinary that 



Tiberius, who, at a former period, had 
driven the astrologers out of Italy, nay, 
put some of them to death, should in the 
decline of life, have secluded himself 
from the world to enjoy their society 
without molestation; but his conduct may 
be accounted for, from the condition of 
human nature. The multiplied cruelties 
that followed the fall of Sejanus, though 
they could not appease the ferocity, had. 
yet alarmed the conscience, of this exe- 
crable monster : anguish and despair took 
possession of all his thoughts, and if we 
could for a moment suppose the damned 
permitted to make their " eternal blazon . 
to ears of flesh and blood, "(Shaksp.Ham. 
I. v.) we could not image terms of deeper 
horror for them, than those with which 
he begins one of his letters to the senate : 
Quid scribam vobis, P. C. 1 aut quomodo 
scribam ? aut quid omnino non scribam, 
hoc temporel Dii me Deceque pejus per- 
dant, quam quotidie perire sentio, si scio. 
Suet.67. In this state, afflicted at the past, 
dissatisfiedwith the present,and trembling 
for the future, his enfeebled and dis- 
tracted mind clung for relief to the 
wretched impostures of astrology, which 
it had formerly rejected ; and endea- 
voured to divert the evils of to-day, by 
vague and senseless researches into the 
destiny of to-morrow. The strange in- 
consistency of atheism has been else- 
where noticed ; Tiberius is a striking 
proof of it. G. 

Pila may here denote the lucrative 
and honourable post of standard- 
bearer, xiv. 197. which was held by the 
centurion of the first century of the first 
maniple of the Triarii or ' veterans,' who 
were armed with the pi I urn or ' javelin.' 
AD. Sil. iv. 550. R. 

' Cohorts.' i. 58. R. 

95. Egregios equites: cf. vii. 89. R. 

Castra domestica i. e. the command of 
' the praetorian bands.' VS. cf. viii. 43. 



SAT. X. 



OF JUVENAL. 



249 



Haec cupias? et, qui nolunt occidere quemquam, 
Posse volunt. Sed quae praeclara et prospera tanti, 
Ut rebus laetis par sit mensura malorum? 
Hujus, qui trahitur, praetextam sumere mavis, 

100 An Fidenarum Gabiorumque esse potestas 
Et de mensura jus dicere, vasa minora 
Frangere pannosus vacuis iEdilis Ulubris ? 
Ergo quid optandum foret, ignorasse fateris 
Sejanum: nam qui nimios optabat honores 

105 Et nimias poscebat opes, numerosa parabat 
Excelsae turris tabulata, unde altior esset 
Casus et impulsae praeceps immane ruinae. 
Quid Crassos, quid Pompeios evertit, et ilium, 
Ad sua qui domitos deduxit flagra Quirites? 

110 Summus nempe locus nulla non arte petitus 
Magnaque numinibus vota exaudita malignis. , 
Ad generum Cereris sine caede et vulnere pauci 



Tac. A. iv. 2. Suet. Tib. 37. Xiph. Dio. 
R. 

98. Ut ' even though.' R. 

100. Cf. iii. 192. vi. 56 sq. PR. Hor. 
I Ep. xi. 7 sqq. R. 

Potestas; Cic. T. Q. i. 30. Suet. Caes. 
17. CI. 23. R. 

101. Pers. i. 130 sq. (CAS.) LU. 

102. iii. 162. PR. Juvenal delights 
to make himself merry at the expense of 
the plebeian asdiles. They were chosen, 
as their name imports, out of the com- 
mons, and had the care of weights and 
measures, of markets and provisions, the 
determination of petty cases, the inspec- 
tion of the roads, the overseeing of the 
theatres, &c. In little municipalities, 
they were probably the only magistrates. 
We have nothing precisely like them in 
this country ; but in the Italian villages, 
they still subsist, as ragged and conse- 
quential as ever, G. under the ancient 
name of Podesta. M. 

Ulubris; Hor. I E. xi. 30. PR. ' 

106. Jam non ad culmina rerum injus- 
tos crevisse queror : tolluntur in altum, ut 
lupsu graviore want ; Claud. Ruf. i. 21 
sqq. Pi?., h Totro-JTM }\ ivci'i^arSov u$ av 
/kip' u-^'/iXoT'giv aXyitvongov >cu,ra,yrnTov- 
ftivoi Luc. Cont. 14. K. celsce graviore 
casu decidunt turres; Hor. II Od. x. 10 
sq. R. Horace himself was perhaps in- 

2 



debted to Menander: orav V Thru v^h 

v-^/o; 'hgftivov rtva, kecfiT^s n Tkovrca 
xat yUu yuvoovfJLivov otpovv rt f^t'i^eo rns 
Tu^ns ivYi^a'ora, rovrov ra^tTav viftiffiv 
tvOvi 7r^o(rhox.u, iTraigiran ycc^ //,i7£ov, tvcc 
ft.iiZ,ov ir'ic/\ G. 

108. Cf. Sen. Ep. 94. M. Licinius 
Crassus and his son Publius fell, in ihe 
Parthian war, sacrifices to their avarice 
rather than their ambition; A pp. H. 
Parth. 22—65. Plut. Crass. PR. R. G. 

Cn. Pompeius Magnus and his two sons 
Cnceus and Sextus. PR. App. B. C. ii. 
81—86. 104 sqq. v. 142 sqq. R. 

109. C. Julius Ccesar, who fell in the 
senate-house, pierced with three and 
twenty wounds. LU. In the times of 
the republic, it was unlawful to ' scourge' 
a Roman citizen. FA. Acts xxii. 25 sqq. 

110. According to Cicero, Caesar al- 
ways had in his mouth that saying of 
Euripides : si jus violandum, regnandi 
gratia violandum est, cceteris rebus pietu- 
tem colas. SCH. 

111. Eo vota inimicitiora, quo cessere 
felicius: inde maligni dii, qui nos ex- 
uudicrunt, ut, quum ad summa erecti, 
in prqfiindum detruderent ; Sen. Ep. 
60. R. Compare Spectator No. 207. 

112. Pluto's queen, Proserpine, was 
the daughter of Jupiter and Ceres. LU. 
Mi 



250 THE SATIRES sat. x. 

Descendant reges et sicca morte tyranni. 

Eloquium ac famam Demosthenis aut Ciceronis 
115 Incipit optare et totis Quinquatribus optat, 

Quisquis adhuc uno partam colit asse Minervam, 

Quern sequitur custos angustae vernula capsae. 

Eloquio sed uterque perit orator: utrumque 

Largus et exundans leto dedit ingenii fons. 
120 Ingenio manus est et cervix caesa; nec umquam 

Sanguine causidici maduerunt rostra pusilli. 

" O fortunatam natam me consule Romam !" 



113. * By a bloodless (i.e. a natural) 
death.' VS. ut ferrum Marte cruentum, 
siccum pace, feras ; Claud. L. Stil. ii. 
15 sq. (K.) R. 

115. The quinquatria was a festival 
(instituted by Domitian, FA.) in honour 
of Minerva, VS. as the patroness of arts 
and sciences. It began on March the 19th, 
and lasted, as the name imports, for five 
days, during which the schools were shut 
up. G.M. Ov. F. iii. 809sqq.vi. 651 sqq. 
(if.) Cell. ii. 21. Suet. Dom. 4. PR. 
Hor. II Ep. ii. 197. R. 

116. ' The boy at the bottom of the 
school, who has not yet paid his annual 
compliment to the master more than 
once.' M. R. This fee was called Mi- 
nerval, and was presented at the above 
festival. Palluda nunc pueri tenercpque 
ornate puellcc . qui bene placarit Pallada, 
doctus erit ; Ov. F. iii. 815 sq. PR. 

117. This is a very natural image of 
little master, going to school with a ser- 
vant lad (called capsulitis) to carry his 
satchel of books after him. M. PO. Suet. 
Ner. 36. PR. The expressions vernula 
and angustce are to denote that this aspi- 
rant after eloquence was a mere child. 
R. 

118. Cell. xv. 28. PR. 

119. Cf. iii. 74. R. 

120. Ingenio; the abstract for the con- 
crete. R. 

Cicero was murdered by the second 
triumvirate. Antony, whom Juvenal sup- 
poses to have been particularly irritated 
by the second Philippic, despatched a 
band of assassins after him, who overtook 
him as he was proceeding to the sea-side. 
He made no resistance, but looking sternly 
on the leader, C. Popilius Lenas, whose 
life he had formerly saved, and thrusting 
his neck as forward as he could out of the 



litter, he bade him take what he wanted. 
The ungrateful wretch cut off his head 
and his hands, and carried them to 
Antony, who rewarded him for the 
agreeable present with a civic crown ! 
and a large sum of money. The head 
was fixed on the Rostra, between the two 
hands, (where, as we find from Florus, 
the people ran as eagerly to see his 
relics, as formerly to hear his eloquence,) 
a piece of impotent revenge, which, not 
long after, recoiled on the author of it. 
Speaking of Antonius (the grandfather of 
the triumvir), who fell in the bloody 
proscription of Sylla, Cicero has an ob- 
servation of striking singularity : in his 
ipsis rostris in quibus Me rempublicam con- 
stajitissime coiisul defenderat, positum ca- 
put Mud fuit, a quo erant multorum 
civium capita servata ! Never could it be 
more truly said, mutato nomine, de te 
fubula narratur, Hor. I S. i. 69 sq. G. 
LU. Plut. Ant. and Cic. Quint. Decl. 
cclxix. Sen. Suas. vii. R. 

121. Minus in parvus J'ortuna furit, 
modicisque rebus lo7igius trvum est. LU. 

Naves Antiatium parti m in navulia 
Romoe subductce ; partim incensce, rostris- 
que earum suggestum in foro exstructum 
adomari placuit ; rostra que id templum 
appellatum; Liv. viii. 14. PR. This spot 
was in front of the Curia Hostilia. LU. 

122. This is a verse of Cicero's on the 
occasion of the discovery and suppression 
of Catiline's conspiracy. It is con- 
demned for its cacophony. Quint. IX. 
iv. 4. LU. XI. i. Sen. Decl. iii. de I. iii. 
37. Diomed. ii. R. " How fortunate 
a natal day was thine, In that proud 
consulate, O Rome, of mine!" This 
line, or some one like it, was made the 
subject of ridicule during the author's 
life : he was not, however, ashamed of 



SAT. X. 



OF JUVENAL. 



251 



Antoni gladios potuit contemnere, si sic 
Omnia dixisset. Ridenda poemata malo, 

125 Quam te conspicuae, divina Philippica, famae, 
Volveris a prima quae proxima. Saevus et ilium 
Exitus eripuit, quern mirabantur Athenae 
Torrentem et pleni moderantem frena theatri. 
Dis ille adversis genitus fatoque sinistro, 

130 Quern pater ardentis massae fuligine lippus 



the sentiment, for he repeats it in prose : 
Nona Decembres ! qua me consule 
juistis, ego diem vere natalem hujus urbis, 
§c. Or. for Flac. In the second Phi- 
lippic, after severely retorting upon An- 
tony, he adds, nec vero tibi de versibus 
respondebo ; tantum dicam breviier neque 
illos, neque ullus te omnino litems nosse. 
This is " the reply churlish, when, in- 
stead of answering an adversary, you dis- 
able his judgement what he subjoins, 
however, is a noble apology for his 
lighter studies. It may be doubted whe- 
ther Cicero's poetry, generally speaking, 
deserves the epithet {ridenda) which 
Juvenal is pleased to affix to it: the 
verse in question, indeed, has long been 
the jest of small wits, and even the 
" mousing Martial hawks at it ;" but 
there are many vigorous and elegant 
passages scattered amongst his works : 
after all, perhaps, it was the me consule, 
and not the -natam natam, the vanity, and 
not the jingle, of the verse which pro- 
voked the sneers of his contemporaries. 
"When Juvenal wrote, however, per- 
sonality and envy had long been extinct; 
and he evidently diverts himself with the 
want of taste, which could permit so 
many similar sounds to be crowded into 
the compass of a single line. To confess 
the truth, there appears, in many parts of 
Cicero's works, a predilection for trifles of 
this kind, derived, perhaps, from his long 
acquaintance with the rhetoricians and 
grammaiians of Greece. Middleton has 
laboured to establish his poetical charac- 
ter : Plutarch, he says, reckons Cicero 
among the most eminent of the Pioman 
poets; but Plutarch's judgement, in this 
matter, is of no great weight. Had he 
not been the first of orators, no one would 
have been unjust enough to style him the 
last of poets. G. 

123. ' Had Cicero's oratory been no 
better than his poetry, he might have set 



at defiance the swords of Antony.' LU 
c o nt emsi Catilince gladios, non per- 
timescam tuos; Cic. Phil. ii. 46. PR. cf. 
Tac. A. ii. 34, 6. Hor. Ep. iv. 16. R. 

125. Cicero called his fourteen orations 
against Antony, not Antonians, but 
Philippics, after those of Demosthenes 
against Philip of Macedon. BPd. PR. 
Cic. Att. ii. 1. M. 

126. Volveris, in allusion to the rolled 
volumes of the ancients, xiv. 102. M. 

A prima proiima ' the second.' LU. cf. 
alter ab undeci?7io aimus; Virg. E. viii. 39. 

127. Exitus ■ Lucr. iii. 1099. R. 

On the approach of the Macedonian 
army under Antipater one of Philip's 
generals, Demosthenes fled from Athens 
and sought asylum at a temple of Nep- 
tune near Calabria in Thrace. Being 
pursued thither, he poisoned himself. 
FA. VS. Plut. PR. 

123. Orations were often delivered to 
the people in the theatres: see Acts xix. 
29 — 31. FA. Agaihocles veluti reipublictE 
statum formaturus, populum in the a- 
trum ad concionem vocari jubet ; Just, 
xxii. PR. Tac. H. ii. 80. (LI.) C. Nep. 
Tim. 4. (HAR.) ER, CI. Cic. qui Pan- 
dioniam movebat arte orator caveam tumul- 
tuosus, seu luscum ruperetur in Philippum, 
causam seu Ctesiphontis, actitaret, vir sem- 
per popularitate crescens et juste residens 
in artefnndi; Sidon. xxiii. 136 sqq. R. 

129. Pers. iv. 27. Hor. II S. iii. 8. 
123. vii. 14. R. 

130. The father was a sword-cutler in 
large business, and kept two and twenty 
men in constant employ. VS. FA. h [Av 
tojv zaXcov xa) ctyc/Juv u<jo~(>uv u; Iittoou 
Q-oTof^-Tos' \7riKa.\iiro Ts f*.a%a,i0o- 

TS%ViTXS TOUTS <jTOU.TT0VTU.S' Plut. 

V. Max. iii. 4. exCl. PR. cf. xiii. 44 sq. 
M. Sidon. ii. 23. 188. R. 

Opijices, per quorum manus sterile 
terrce genus et informe perpurgatur, multa 



^ 7^252 c^ji^,?^ S^TKE SATIRES 



SAT. X. 



f 



A carbone et forcipibus gladiosque parante 
Incude et luteo Vulcano ad rhetora misit. 

Bellorum exuviae, truricis affixa tropaeis 
Lorica et fracta de casside buccula pendens 
135 Et curtum temone jugum victaeque triremis 
Aplustre et summo tristis captivus in arcu 
Humanis majora bonis creduntur: ad haec se 
Romanus Graiusque ac barbarus endoperator 
Erexit; causas discriminis atque laboris 
140 Inde habuit. Tanto major famae sitis est, quam 
Virtutis. Quis enim virtutem amplectitur ipsam, 
Prsemia si tollas? Patriam tamen obruit olim 
Gloria paucorum et laudis titulique cupido 
Haesuri saxis cinerum custodibus; ad quae 



fuligine oblinuntur; Sen. Ep. 94. 

131. Versantque tenaci forcipe massam ; 
Virg. M. viii. 453. PR. 

132. ' Sooty.' LU. 

Vulcan was the god of fire and forges. 
PR. 

Rhetora viz. Isaeus. SCH. He could 
not afford to place him under Isocrates. 
Plut. PR. 

133. Compare Virgil's description of 
a trophy, 2E» xi. 1 sqq. (HY.) so called 
from Tgo-xh i the enemy's turning to flv.' 
PR. Suet. Cfes. 11. Eft. PTR, iii. 12. 
R. 

134. Lorica (originally made of lori 
' thongs,' LU.) ' a cuirass ;' which is de- 
rived from cuir ' leather,' for the same 
reason. 

Buccula ' the beaver.' M. There was 
one for the protection of each cheek. LU. 
It was made of metal, flexible, and fast- 
ened under the chin : alii de concavo tibi 
cassidis exituro Jiexilium laminar nm vin- 
culo diffibulant; Sidon. Ill Ep. iii. p. 64. 
cf. xi/ 103. Sil.xiv. 158. 163. Horn. II. 
E 743. (HY.) R. Our life-guards have 
a similar appendage to their helmets. 

136. Aplustre ' the flag.' LU. It was 
an ornamental part of the galley, VS. out 
of which rose a staff with a streamer on 
the top. AD. Sil. x. 324. R. note on 
atpxatrrov Her. vi. 114. 

Triumphal arches were at first built of 
brick, afterwards of hewn stone, and at 
length of marble. LU. frustra igitur 
currus summo miramur in arcu quadri- 



juges stantesque duces in curribus aliis, 
Fabricios, Curios, hinc Drusos, inde Ca- 
millos, sub pedibusque ducum captivos 
poplite flexo ad juga depressos manibusque 
in terga retortis; Prud. Sym. ii. GR. 
The poet here, by the way, ridicules the 
absurd ambition of Domitian, qui Janos 
arcusque, cum quadrigis et insignibus 
triumphorum,per regiones Urbis tantos ac 
tot exstrvxit, ut cuidam Grace inscriptum. 
sit " u.£x.u\" Suet. 13. R. 

138. « Roman' viz. Marius, Sulla, 
Pompey, Caesar, &c. 1 Greek' viz. 
Pausanias, Lysander, Alexander, &c. 
• Barbarian' viz. Hannibal, Antiochus, 
Xerxes, Jugurtha, Mithridates, &c. R. 
LU. 

141. Nec facile invenies multis in mil- 
libus unum, virtutem pretium qui putet 
esse sui ; ipse decor recti, facti si prcemia 
desint, nm movel, et gratis paeuitet esse 
probum ; Ov. Pont. II. iii. 7 sqq. satis est 
in ipsa conscienlia pulcherrimi facti fruc- 
tus; Cic. Phil. ii. PR. " Virtue seldom 
walks forth," it has been said, " without 
Vanity at her side." M. 

142. Qua ccecitate homines cum quce- 
dam prceclura etiam cuperent, eaque ne- 
scirent, nec ubi, nec qualia essent, Junditus 
alii everterunt was ciuitates, alii ipsi occi- 
derunt ; Cic. T. Q. iii. 4. PR. Liv. 
vi. 14. 6. R. 

143. « Of a few' viz. Marius, Sulla, 
Cinna, Pompey, Caesar, Crassus, Antony, 
Octavius. VS. LU. R. 

144. ' To be inscribed on the marble.' 
VS. 



SAT. X. 



OF JUVENAL. 



253 



145 Discutienda valent sterilis mala robora ficus : 

Quandoquidem data sunt ipsis quoque fata sepulcris. 
Expende Hannibalem : quot libras in duce summo 
Invenies ? Hie est, quern non capit Africa Mauro 
Percussa Oceano Niloque admota tepenti, 

150 Rursus ad iEthiopum populos altosque elephantos. 
Additur imperiis Hispania : Pyrenaeum 
Transsilit. Opposuit natura Alpemque nivemque : 
Diducit scopulos et montem rumpit aceto. 

145. 'The wild fig-tree' often displays scevosque leones ; iv. 667. Juvenal had 
its ' mischievous powers' by insinuating probably in his view another passage of 
its root into the minutest fissure, and thus the same author : ipsa natat tellus pelagi 
fracturing and destroying the monuments lusirata corona, cingentis medium liquidis 
of antiquity, marmora Messalce findit ca- amplexibus orbem, inque sinus pontum re- 
prijicus ; Mart. X. ii. 9. LU. Pers. i. 24 cipit, qui vespere ab atro udmissus dextra 
sqq. (CAS.) M. Prop. IV. v. 74. Plin. Numidas Libyamque calentem alluit et 
xvi. 19. Isid. xvii. 6. Hor. Ep. v. 17. R. magna quondam Carthaginis arces; litora- 

146. Prop. III. ii. 19 sqq. monimenta que in Syrtes revocans sinuata vadosas 
fatiscunt, mors etiam saxis nominibusque rur sum usque ad Nilum directisjluctibus 
venit ; Auson. Ep. xxxv. 9 sq. R. exit ; 596—602. HK. 

147. c Weigh the remains of Hannibal.' 151. ' To the dominions of Carthage.' 
VS. o <ra<rt fiaxagros, *'o<T<rns yxlvs R> 

otrffov %x u p'°Z' 0V ') Leonid. Ep. Ixix. 6. in ' Spain' was first invaded by Amilcar 

Br. An. cf. Prop. II. vii. 51. IV. xi. 14. and Asdrubal. Hannibal established 

Ov. M. xii. 615 sq. Plin. ii. 68. R. Sir more firmly the footing of his countrymen 

John Paterson (see Statist. Acc. of Scot- there. LU. 

land) had the curiosity to collect and ' The Pyrenees,' between Spain and 

weigh the ashes of a person discovered a France. LU. 

few years since in the parish of Eccles ; 152. ' He bounds across.' G. cf. Liv. 

which he was happily enabled to do xxi. 5 — 23. 

with great facility, as '« the inside of the ' Has placed as a barrier.' hos trans- 
coffin was smooth, and the whole body scendisse quoque mirumfuit, atque in por- 
visible." Wonderful to relate, he found tento prope majores habuere Alpes ab 
the whole did not exceed in weight one Hannibale exsuperatas et postea a Cimbris; 
ounce and a half! G. Plin. xxxvi. pro. PR. Liv. v. 34. xxi. 30. 

148. ' The Moorish Ocean.' Hor. II Rutilius has imitated our author : ex- 
Od. vi. 3. R. cubiis Latii prcetexuit (Deus) Apenninum 

Capit ; cf. 168. non orbita solis, non claustraque montanis vix adeunda viis. 

ilium natura capit ; Claud. Ruf. ii. 155. invidiam timuit natura parumque putavit 

R t Arctois Alpes opposuisse minis tyc. Itin. ii. 

149. Cf. vi. 527 note. Many of the 33 sqq. Horace has a similar idea; ne- 
ancients seemed to consider the Nile as quidquam deus abscidit prudens oceano 
the boundary between Asia and Africa, dissociabili terras, si tamen impice non 
R. Herod, ii. 16. &c. tangenda rates tr anssiliunt vada ; 

150. Rursus' moreover;' vi. 155. M. I Od. iii. 21 sqq. R. 

Elephantos fert Africa ultra Syrticas ' The Alp,' Sil. xiii. 741. ' and snow.' 
solitudines, et in Mauritania: ferunt Liv. xxi. 35 — 37. Sil. iii. 518 sqq. R. 
JEthiopes et Troglodytes ; sed maximos 153. ' He cleaves.' Polybius omits, 
India \ Plin. viii. 11. 9 sq. PR. Polyb. as fabulous, the story of the vinegar; 
v. 84.' App. Syr. 31. R. This denotes but it is given by Livy xxi. 37. SCH. 
the interior of Africa, as the two pre- and Appian B. H. 4. cf. Sil. iii. 640. 
ceding lines signify the western and east- R. Plin. xxiii. 1. M. See Whitaker's 
ern parts respectively. ACH. Manilius learned and ingenious work on this sub- 
says of ^Ethiopia et vastos elephantes habet ject : G. and note on 174. 



254 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. X. 



Jam tenet Italiam : tamen ultra pergere tendit. 
155 " Actum" inquit " nihil est, nisi Poeno milite portas 

Frangimus et media vexillum pono Subura." 

O qualis facies et quali digna tabella, 

Quum Gsetula ducem portaret belua luscum ! 

Exitus ergo quis est ? O gloria ! vincitur idem 
160 Nempe et in exsilium praeceps fugit atque ibi magnus 

Mirandusque cliens sedet ad praetoria regis, 

Donee Bithyno libeat vigilare tyranno. 

Finem animae, quae res humanas miscuit olim, 

Non gladii, non saxa dabunt, nec tela ; sed ille 
165 Cannarum vindex ac tanti sanguinis ultor, 

Annulus. I, demens, et saevas curre per Alpes, 

Ut pueris placeas et declamatio fias ! 

Unus Pellaeo juveni non sufficit orbis: 

iEstuat infelix angusto limite mundi, 
170 Ut Gyarae clausus scopulis parvaque Seripho. 



155. Nil actum credens, dum quid 
snperesset agendum ; Luc. ii. 657. 

Poeni, <J?o'i»ixi{, Punici. PR. The inter- 
change of a? and u is frequent in Latin ; 
for instance, poena, croivh, punio : mania, 
munio ; &c. 

1 The gates of Rome.' LU. cf. Liv. 
xxvi. 7—11. R. 

157. ' What an excellent caricature it 
would make !' BRI. R, 

158. ' The G.ttulian beast' is an ele- 
phant. LU. 

Hannibal lost an eye by the damps 
and fatigue in crossing the marshes, when 
he was making his way into Etruria over 
the Appennines. LU. ipse Hannibal, ceger 
oculis, ex venia primum intemperie calores 
et frigora variante ; elephanto, qui unus 
superfuerat, quod altius ab aqua exstaret, 
vectus ; vigiliis tandem et nocturne- hu- 
more, palustrique coelo caput gravante, et 
quia inedendi nec locus nec tempus erat, 
altera oculo capitur ; Liv. xxii. 2. Plut. 
PR. Polyb. iii. 79. C. Nep. Han. 4. 
R. 

159. ' He is vanquished' by Scipio in 
Africa. LU. Liv. xxx. 29—37. R. 

160. Being accused by the Romans at 
Carthage, he fled first to Aotiochus king 
of Syria. LU. Liv. xxxiii. 47 — 49. xxxiv. 
60 sq. xxxv. 14. 19. xxxvi. 7. 15. R. 

161. From Syria he fled to the court 



(prcetorium, i. 75, note,) of Prusias, for 
whom he conducted with success the war 
against Eumenes. LU. Liv. xxxix. 51. R. 

166. When the Romans sent Q. Fla- 
minius to Bithynia, demanding the person 
of Hannibal, he destroyed himself by a 
strong poison, which he had always had 
in readiness in his 'ring.' Liv. xxxix. 51. 
Plut. Han. Opp. t. i. p. 380. PR. Aur. 
Victor de Vir. 111. 42. Some persons sub 
gemmis venena eiudunt,sicut Demosthenes, 
summus Grcecia orator, annulosque mortis 
gratia habent ; Plin. xxxiii. 1 s 6. R. 
There is an allusion to the bushels of 
rings taken at Cannae. LU. 

167. Cf. vii. 161 sqq. LU. Ov. Am. 
I. xiii. 36. III. i. 21. A. A. ii. 561. 
(H. BU.) Prop. I. v. 26. (PAS. VU.) 
Plin. Ep. VIII. xviii. 11. (CO.) R. 

168. Alexandri magni pectus insatiabile 
laudis, qui Anaxarcho comiti suo ex auc- 
toritate Democriti praceptoris innu- 
merabiles mundos esse rejerenti, " heu me" 
inquit " miserum, quod ne uno quidem 
adhuc potitus sum !" angusta homini 
gloria? possessio fuit, quoe deorum omnium 
domicilio sufficit ; V. Max. viii. 14. ext. 2. 
PR. Plut. Alex, et Them. LU. Sen. 
Phil. Ep. 91. 119. Q. Curt. R. 

He was born at Pella the seat of the 
Macedonian empire. VS. 

[10. Gyarce; i. 73. Seripho; vi. 563. 



SAT. X. 



OF JUVENAL. 



255 



Quum tamen a figulis munitam intraverit urbem, 
Sarcophago contentus erit. Mors sola fatetur, 
Quantula sint hominum corpuscula. Creditur olim 
Velificatus Athos et quidquid Grsecia mendax 
175 Audet in historia : constratum classibus isdem 

Suppositumque rotis solidum mare : credimus altos 
Defecisse amnes epotaque flumina Medo 
Prandente, et madidis cantat quae Sostratus alis. 



LU. Stratonicus, who was banished to 
the former spot for defamation, found it 
so uncomfortable, that he one day asked 
his host what crime was punished with 
exile in his country. The man said 
«' Perjury." " Why do you not for- 
swear yourself then," replied Strato- 
nicus, ** to get sent away from this de- 
testable place ?" G. 

171. The walls of Babylon were of 
brick : diciiur altam coctilibus muris 
cinxiise Semiramis urbem ; Ov. M. iv. 57 
sq. M. VS. Diodor. ii. 7. iii. 4. Justin 
i. 2. PR. Id. xii. 13. LU. Her. i. 178 sq. 
Curt. v. 1. Alexander died at Babylon 
on the same day that Diogenes died at 
Corinth. D. Laert. VI. ii. 11. Plut. 
Alex. Opp. t. i. p. 705 sqq. Arrian Al. 
vii. Seneca Suas. iv. R. 

172. 'Xa^Koipd'yo; was the name of a 
peculiar kind of stone, found in veins at 
Assos a promontory of Troas, which was 
said to consume the flesh of bodies de- 
posited therein, in the space of forty 
days. SA. Plin. ii. 96. xxxvi. 17 s 37. 
PR. Dioscor. v. 142. R. 

Hall has a fine allusion to this sen- 
timent ; " Fond fool ! six feet shall serve 
for all thy store, And he that cares 
for most, shall find no more." What 
harmonious monosyllables ! but this is 
surpassed by that beautiful and pathetic 
apostrophe of Prince Henry to the lifeless 
remains of Hotspur : " Fare thee well, 
great heart ! Ill-weaved ambition, how 
much art thou shrunk ! When that this 
body did contain a spirit, A kingdom for 
it was too small a bound; But now, two 
paces of the vilest earth Is room enough !" 
K. H. iv. pt. i. A. V. sc. iv. The reader 
of taste and feeling will be pleased with 
the following exquisite allusion to the 
same passage : " Does this enclose his 
corpse 1 How little room Do we take up 
in death, that, living, know No bounds ! 
Here, without murmuring, we can Be 
circumscribed : it is the soul, that makes 



us Affect such wanton and irregular 
paths ; When that's gone, we are quiet 
as the earth, And think no more of wan- 
dering;" Shirley, The Wedding. G. 

174. Athos, now « Monte Santo,' — a 
peninsula of Macedonia. Plin. iv. 10. 
PR. remige Medo solicitatus Athos ; 
Claud, iii. 336. R. A canal somewhat 
less than that of Blackwall would be 
sufficient for the ancient triremes: and 
yet even that, if neglected, would be 
completely filled up in a few centuries. G. 
See the notes on Herod, vii. 24. Basil 
Hail's Trav. in N.Am. v.i. p. 173. Diary 
of an Invalid, v. ii. p. 63. compared with 
v. 153. 

GrcBCorum dicto quis augendi omnia stu- 
dium est ; Aur. Vict. Cal. LU. portentosa 
Grcecice mendacia ; Plin. v. 1. PR. cf. xiv. 
240. Her. vii. 20 sqq. viii. 1 sqq. Diodor. 
xi. 2 — 5. Isoc. Panath. iEsch. Pers. 
Strab. xiii. Plut. Them, and Ale. Claud. 
Ruf. i. 336 sqq. ii. 120 sqq. (B. K.} Just. 

ii. 10. Virg. Cul. 29 sqq. Himer. Or. ii. 
p. 408. (WE.) R. Note on Her. vii. 35. 
[Livv xxviii, 43, 6. ED.] 

176. Cf. Suet. Cal. 19. PR. Lucr. 

iii. 1042 sqq. R. 

177. Viz. the Scamander, the Ono- 
chonus,the Apidanus.and the Echedorus; 
Her. vii. 42. 196. R. 

* The Mede' may either mean the 
Asiatic hosts, LU. or Xerxes, king of the 
Medes and Persians. Thuc. i. 92. &c. 

178. Of Sostratus the poet nothing is 
known. The extravagant flights of his 
fancy appear to have been influenced by 
his copious libations to the god of wine. 
LU. GR. cf. xv. 47. R. The meaning 
may be that Sostratus flew heavily and 
was unable to soar (Hor. IV Od. ii. 27.), 
from his wings being surcharged with 
moisture ; HK. not with what is vulgarly 
called "heavy wet." There is indeed 
a favourite English Bacchanalian song 
in which a threat is held out, if old 
father Time is caught, " In rosy wine to 



256 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. X. 



Ille tamen qualis rediit Salamine relicta, 
180 In Corum atque Eurum solitus saevire flagellis 
Barbarus, iEolio numquam hoc in carcere passos, 
Ipsum compedibus qui vinxerat Ennosigaeum ? 
Mitius id sane, quod non et stigmate dignum 
Credidit. Huic quisquam vellet servire Deorum? 
185 Sed qualis rediit? Nempe una nave, cruentis 
Fluctibus, ac tarda per densa cadavera prora. 
Has toties optata exegit gloria pcenas. 

" Da spatium vitae, multos da, Jupiter, annos !" 
Hoc recto vultu solum, hoc et pallidus optas. 
190 Sed quam continuis et quantis longa senectus 



dip his wings;" but the latter interpre- 
tation seems more natural, cf. v. 101, 
note. 

179. « After his defeat by the Greeks.' 
VS. 

180. ' The north-west wind and south- 
east wind,' Plin. ii. 47. PR. for destroy- 
ing his bridges over the Hellespont. LU. 
cf. Sen. Const. Sap. 4. V. Max. iii. 2. 
ext. 3. According to Herodotus he 
whipped the waves and not the winds. 
7?. 

181. ' Xerxes;' cnjtis in nomine super- 
bia et impptenlin habitat ; V. Max. ix. 5. 
ext. 2. R. o p>u.$a.£o;' Thuc. i. 18. 
&c. 

' The iEolian prison' alludes to the 
description given in Virg. /E. i. 51 sqq. 
(HY, exc.) LU. 

182. Ennosigaum. cf. Gell. ii. 28. PR. 
Sen. N. Q. vi. 6 — 8. R. 'Evvotrlycao;' 
Horn. II. H 455. note on Her. vii. 39. 

183. "H^>j £l rix-ovau. uc xiti irnylx; 
u.Ti'rifjt.-^t ffr'i%9vras tov ' EXXwtrwovroV 
Her. vii. 35. any^xra. were letters bran- 
ded on the forehead of fugitive slaves 
and rogues ; xiv. 24. V. Max. ii. 29. 
Petr. vi. 8. epigrammata; Id. 103. R. 

184. * In mythology we have stories of 
the gods deigning to serve mortals : thus 
Apollo lived with Admetus in the capa- 
city of shepherd ; Neptune worked for 
Laomedon as a mason and bricklayer ; 
but I much question whether any of the 
celestials would trust themselves within 
the clutches of his Persian majesty.' VS. 
PR. 

185. Piscataria scapha ; Justin, ii. 13. 
vnof <t>om<r<wr Her. viii. 118. R. See 
the note. 



186. Either this is hyperbolical ; or it 
alludes to the Persians in the king's suite 
throwing themselves overboard to save 
his life. Her. viii. 118 sq. R. see the notes. 
me diu s inter suwum cadaver a in- 
eessit ; Sen. de Ira III. xvii. 1. 

188. "0%Xi>!(>ov o %go'vo; o tfoXvs' eS 
yvgct; (Zxgv, u; ouStv a.yu6ov, "huir^^ri 5e 
toXX' ro7; Z,utrt xiti XuTTfi^a.' Tavris 
tl; ffi £e ixhiv opa; iby^'n^iOa, xu) ffTou- 
}dgof/tv Menand.G. quam bene vivas, non 
quam diu, refert ; in hoc autem bene est 
sapius, ne diu ; Sen. Ep. 101. LU. PR. 

189. « Both well and sick,' FA. 
1 whether happy or sad,' 75. • boldly 
and anxiously :' cf. Pers. ii. 8. LU. vi. 
401. Ii. 

190. Tov V7r'i(>yn£uv, ob'ovras r^ii; 'in 
Xoitou; 'i%ovrct, /uoyis o^uvra,, oixircci; 
viTgctcriv iTtxixvQ'ora, xo^vtyii f*tv tviv 
pita, Xvi[Ans rou; o<p0xX/u.oi>; (tiffrcv ovrx, 
ovhiv 'in r$v si^orx, 'iftTpux&v nvct <ra<pov, 
V7T0 tuiv vtuv xarayi7.w{/.tvov' Luc. D. 
Mort. vi. 2. Maxim. El. i. in WE,'s Poet. 
L. Min. t. vi. Plin. vii. 50. Hor. A. P. 
169 sqq. contrasted with Cic. de Sen. It. 
In this striking description of old age, 
Juvenal seems to have thought of a pas- 
sage in Crates, thus admirably rendered 
by Cumberland : " Hard choice, for man 
to die, or else to be That tottering, 
wretched, wrinkled thing you see. Age 
then we all prefer ; for age we pray, 
And travel on to life's last lingering day ; 
Then sinking slowly down from worse to 
worse, Find heaven's extorted boon our 
greatest curse." But indeed the idea is 
sufficiently obvious, and has had good 
things said on it in every age ; here is one 
of them : " Some comfort We have in 



SAT. X. 



OF JUVENAL. 



257 



Plena malis ! Deformem et tetrum ante omnia vultum 
Disshnilemque sui, deformem pro cute pellem 
Pendentesque genas et tales adspice rugas, 
Quales, umbriferos ubi pandit Tabraca saltus, 

195 In vetula scalpit jam mater simia bucca. 

Plurima sunt juvenum discrimina; pulcrior ille 
Hoc, atque ille alio; multum hie robustior illo: 
Una senum facies, cum voce trementia membra 
Et jam leve caput madidique infantia nasi. 

200 Frangendus misero gingiva panis inermi : 
Usque adeo gravis uxori natisque sibique, 
Ut captatori moveat fastidia Cosso. 
Non eadem vini atque cibi, torpente palato, 



dropping early — we expire, And not 
without men's pity; to live still, Have 
their good wishes ; thus, too, we prevent 
The loathsome misery of age, beguile 
The gout and iheum, that in lag hours 
attend For grey approachers ;" Two 
Noble Kinsmen. Again; " For as our 
age encreases, so vexations, Griefs of the 
mind, pains of the feeble body. Rheums, 
coughs, catarrhs, — we're but our living 
coffins ; Besides, the fair soul's old too ;" 
Wife for a Month. And Spenser, in a 
stanza of surpassing beauty, " O why do 
wretched men so much desire To draw 
their days unto the utmost date 1 And do 
not rather wish them soon expire ; Know- 
ing the miseries of their estate, And thou- 
sand perils which them still awate, Toss- 
ing them like a boat amid the mayne : 
That every hour they knock at Deathe's 
gate ; And he that happiest seems, and 
least in payne, Yet is as nigh his end, 
as he that most doth playne." G. 

192. ' Unlike itself.' Hor. IV Od. x. 
2—8. R. 

Cutis is said of the living, pellis of the 
dead. GR. The former signifies ' the 
human skin/ the latter ' a beast's hide.' 
M. cf. Horn. Od. N 480 sqq. A poll. ii. 
200. Lucr. vi. 1268. (TF.) Hor. Ep. xvii. 
15, 22. (MI.) R. 

194. Tabraca, now ' Tabarca,' in the 
vicinity of Tunis. On the African coast, 
Posidonius saw a vast number of apes, 
and was much amused with their gam- 
bols : Strab. xvii. Herod, iv. PR. 

195. Simia quam similis turpissima 
bestia nobis; Enn. in Cic. N. D. i. 35. 

O 



monstrosissima bestia; Cic. de Div. ii. 69. 
ridicula hominis imitatio; Galen. PR. 
Plin. viii. 54 s 80. xi. 44 s 100. R. 

198. " The sixth age Shifts into the 
lean and slipper'd pantaloon ; His 
youthful hose well saved, a world too 
wide For his shrunk shank ; and his 
big manly voice, Turning again toward 
childish treble, pipes And whistles in his 
sound Shaksp. As You Like It, II. vii. 

199. ' A nose drivelling as in infancy.' 
VS. y'tgovrd, fit xai Qa\ax(>bv ovra, xai 
"knf&uvra t^oo-'sti xai xoQy\uvra' Luc. D. 
Mort. ix. 2. R. " Last scene of all, 
That ends this strange eventful history, 
Is second childishness and mere oblivion ; 
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans 
every thing;" Sh. ibid. 

200. Teeth are the arms of man. 
Plin. vii. 16. PR. ora exarmata; Sidon. 
Carm. 13. Ep. vii. 14. R. " And tooth- 
less gums to mump its wretched fare." 
G. VS makes gingiva of the masculine 
gender : a former pupil of mine did the 
same, joining the words gingiva panis, and 
translating them " gingerbre ad." He 
has, however, since taken a high degree. 

201. "Av •Ttgtktitpfa ftixgov iv clyyttriv 
v$&is otvov i\: o£v tqivztui tovto to \si- 
vrofjiivov ovrcos LvrX'/ieas rov b'kov filov, lis 
(ictSu V \\Qav yyjous, o V(>t(r@>6r'/i$ yiyviTUi 

2l*v%o?.os' Anthol. G. Arist. Rh. II. xv. 

202. Captator ; v. 98. M. cf. note on 
i. 139. This legacy-hunter seems to have 
played his cards well, if he is the same as 
the Cossvs mentioned iii. 184. 

203. Non sapit palatum ; Cic. Fin. ii. 
8. R. Barzillai says " I am this day 
L 



258 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. X. 



Gaudia: nam coitus jam longa oblivio; vel si 

205 Coneris, jacet exiguus cum ramice nervus 
Et, quamvis tota palpetur nocte, jacebit. 
Anne aliquid sperare potest haec inguinis aegri 
Canities? quid, quod merito suspecta libido est, 
Quae Venerem adfectat sine viribus ? Adspice partis 

210 Nunc damnum alterius : nam quae cantante voluptas, 
Sit licet eximius citharcedus sitve Seleucus, 
Et quibus aurata mos est fulgere lacerna ? 
Quid refert, magni sedeat qua parte theatri, 
Qui vix cornicines exaudiat atque tubarum 

215 Concentus? Clamore opus est, ut sentiat auris, 
Quern dicat venisse puer, quot nuntiet horas. 
Praeterea minimus gelido jam corpore sanguis 
Febre calet sola ; circumsilit agmine facto 
Morborum omne genus : quorum si nomina quaeras, 

220 Promtius expediam, quot amaverit Hippia mcechos, 
Quot Themison aegros auctumno occiderit uno, 



fourscore years old : and can I discern 
between good and evil? Can thy servant 
taste what I eat or what I drink ? Can I 
hear any more the voice of sinking men 
and singing women ? Wherefore then 
should thy servant be yet a burden unto 
rny lord the king?" 2 Sam. xix.35. M. 

204. ' For now the rites of love are 
long forgotten : should you attempt their 
renewal, the bodily energies lie totally 
unnerved, and so will lie throughout the 
live-long night, in spite of everv effort to 
arouse them. What has this grey decre- 
pitude of just to hope? Do we not view 
with just suspicion the lechery, that has 
the will without the power to sin?' 

211. Seteucus is supposed to be an 
eminent flute-player. FA. 

212. Tibicen traxit vagus per pulpita 
vestem; Hor. A. P. 215. FA. uti citha- 
rcedus cum prodieiit optime vestitus, pallu 
inaurataindutus, cum chlamyde purpurea 
coloribus variis intexta, cum corona uurea, 
magnis fulgentibus gemmis illuminata ; 
Cic. to Her. iv. 47. FE. 

214. Hor. A. P. 202 sqq. Pi?, vi. 250. 
R. 

216. They used to send their servants 
to the Forum, to see what hour it was by 
the sun-dial. hora% quinque puer nondum 
tibi vuniiat et tu jam cwvoiva mihi, C(B- 



ciliane, venis; Mart. VIII. lxvii. Plin. 
vii. 53. PR. Suet. Dom. 16. (ER.) 
Petr. 26. (BU.) R. 

217. Gelidus tardanti senecta sanguis 
hebet; Virg. JE. v. 395 sq. VS. Mart. 

III. xciii. 17. Sen. Ep. 68. R. 

218. Cf. vi. 293, note. R. iii. 162, 
note. M. 

219. Senectus ipsa est morbus; Ter. Ph. 

IV. i. 9. VS. senectus insanabilis morbus ; 
Sen. Ep. subeunt morbi tristisque senectus; 
Virg. G. iii. 67. SCH. senecta in pxnam 
vivacis tot periculorum genera, tot morbi, 
tot curce; hebescunt sensus, membra toi-- 
pent, prcemoritur visus, auditus, incessus, 
dentes etiam ac ciborum instrumenta ; Plin. 
vii. 50. PR. 

Quorum si nomina quceras ; a hemi- 
stich of Ovid's. SCH. tit (Btasmala men, 
mala est tergo ! namres plurimas pessumas, 
cum advenit, affert; quas si autumem om- 
ncis, nimis longux m-dm sit; Plant. Men. 

V. ii. 6 S(]C[. G. 6cL<rrov a.v fAoi eo AuxTvt, 
6ccX«TTns x.6fjt,KTa KoCi WKvas a-r eugccvou 
vKpa%a.$ u/JiDftytritas , n tov; Iftovs 'iouraf 
Luc. Am. 2. R. 

220. xv. 19 sqq. xvi. 32 sqq. cf. Sil. 
vii. 362 sqq. Ov. Tr. V. ii. 23—28. R. 

Hippia ; vi. 82. FE. 

221. Themison, of Laodicea in Syria, 
was an eminent physician of that time ; 



SAT. X. 



OF JUVENAL. 



259 



Quot Basilus socios, quot circumscripserit Hirrus 
Pupillos, quot longa viros exsorbeat uno 
Maura die, quot discipulos inclinet Hamillus; 

225 Percurram citius, quot villas possideat nunc, 
Quo tondente gravis juveni mihi barba sonabat. 
Ille humero, hie lumbis, hie coxa debilis, ambos 
Perdidit ille oculos et luscis invidet: hujus 
Pallida labra cibum accipiunt digitis alienis; 

230 Ipse ad conspectum ccenae diducere rictum 

Suetus, hiat tantum, ceu pullus hirundinis, ad quern 
Ore volat pleno mater jejuna. Sed omni 
Membrorum damno major dementia, quae nec 
Nomina servorum nec vultum agnoscit amici,. 

235 Cum quo prseterita ccenavit nocte ; nec illos, 
Quos genuit, quos eduxit. Nam codice soevo 
Heredes vetat esse suos; bona tota feruntur 
Ad Phialen: tantum artificis valet halitus oris, 



LU. Cels. and a pupil of Asclepiades ; 
Plin. xxix. 1 s 5. (HA.) Ath. vii. 10. PR. 
In le Malade Imaginaire of Moliere, li- 
cence is given to a new doctor of medicine 
" impune occidendi per totam terram." R. 

* Autumn' was the sickly season : LU. 
iv. 56. M. vi. 517. PR. 

222. Basilus, probably the governor of 
some province. LU.cL Luc. iv. 415 sqq. R. 

' Has defrauded.' LU. xiv. 237. xv. 
136. R. 

Hirrus, a dishonest guardian and trus- 
tee. LU. 

223. The guardian was called tutor, 
the ward pupillus. M. 

' How many admirers the tall and lank 
(ACH. ejfianquee, Fr. DI.) Maura re- 
ceives in the twenty-four hours.' vi. 307 
sqq. LU. 

224. ' May corrupt.' MG. 

Hamillus was a schoolmaster of noto- 
riously bad character. M. Mart. VIL 
Jxi. R. 

225. Percurram : cf. xiv. 27. R. 

226. Cf. i. 24 sq. LU. The fate of 
Cinnamus affords a striking illustration 
of the great truths contained in this 
satire. Soon after it was written, he was 
prosecuted for some offence not now 
known • and, to avoid condemnation, left 
all his wealth behind him, and fled into 
Sicily. Martial (who is frequently the 



best commentator on Juvenal) honours 
him with an epigram ; in which, after 
bitterly condoling with him on his help- 
less old age, and reckoning up a variety 
of employments for which he is not fit, 
he points out to him the necessity of turn- 
ing barber again : non rhetor, non gram.' 
maticus, ludive magister, non Cynicus, 
non tu Stoicus esse poles: vendere nec 
vocem Siculis plausumque theatris, quod 
superest, iterum, Cinname, tonsor eris; 
VII. lxiv. To this man and his fortunes 
might justly be applied the fine sarcasm 
of Claudian on the eunuch Eutropius : 
culmine dejectum vitce For tuna priori red- 
didit, insanojam satiatajoco; pr. ii. 5 sq. 
G.M. 

227. Sen. Ep. 101. R. 

228. Envy is a common feeling of the 
aged. LU. Arist. Rh. III. xii. 4. 

231. e fl? V ogvig afr^a-j vsoffffoTfi <ff(>o~ 
Qzgrio'i pdo-TUx , Irst %& Xafiyffi, xuxut 
¥t r'i ot t'o.u uv<rn' Horn. 11. I 323 >q. 
Plutus says " if/,% oi i^'sXTio'avTSg Iv tti 
ayopa Wigifzivauo-i xi^nvons • <wW££ rhv 
X,tXt$ovcc Tgoo-ffirofAivnv TBT^tyortg oi Vi- 
OTTo'r" Luc. Tim. t. i. p. 158. %a.ffx,ovroi 
XifAoo poo*x<>v xtkiSo'ves' Achaeus. H. 

233. A/j <z outzs oi ysgovrss. LU. 

236. Edmit i. e. educavit. SCH. 

Codice; vii. 110. M. 

238. ' To a courtezan : such power 



260 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. X. 



Quod steterat multis in carcere fornicis annis. 

240 Ut vigeant sensus animi, ducenda tamen sunt 
Funera natorum, rogus adspiciendus amatse 
Conjugis et fratris plenaeque sororibus urnas. 
Haac data poena diu viventibus, ut, renovata 
Semper clade domus, multis in luctibus inque 

245 Perpetuo moerore et nigra veste senescant. 

Rex Pylius, magno si quidquam credis Homero, 
Exemplum vitae fuit a cornice secundae. 
Felix nimirum, qui tot per saecula mortem 
Distulit atque suos jam dextra computat annos 

250 Quique novum toties mustum bibit. Oro, parumper 
Adtendas, quantum de legibus ipse queratur 
Fatorum et nimio de stamine, quum videt acris 
Antilochi barbam ardentem, quum quaerit ab omni, 
Quisquis adest socius, cur hsec in tempora duret, 

255 Quod facinus dignum tarn longo admiserit aevo? 
Haec eadem Peleus, raptum quum luget Achillem, 



has the breath of her artful mouth, which 
for many a year was prostituted in the 
dungeon of a brothel.' VS. GR. LU. 
notes on vi. 121 sqq. M. 

240. Ducenda. The nearest relatives 
led the funeral procession. /L?V.i.l46.M. 

241. Jmpositique rogisjuvenes ante ora 
■parcntum ; Virg. JE. vi. 308. M. 

243. liarum est felix idemque senex ; 
Sen. LU. " These," exclaims poor Swift, 
in the midst of his agonizing fears for 
Stella's death, " these are the perqui- 
sites of. living long: the last act of life is 
always a tragedy, at best ; but it is a 
bitter aggravation, to have one's best 
fiiends go before one." G. 

245. Note on in. 212. M. 

246. Nestor, the son of Neleus, and 
' king of Pvlos' in Messenia. tj!; y«j 
ju.lv (pctirtv avu%ctff0ai yivi otvt^euv' Mom. 
Od. T245. LU. 11. A 250 sqq. Prop. 
II. xiii. 43—50. Hor. IV Od. ix. 13. R. 
Ov. Pont. I. iv. 10. PR. 

247. ' The crow' is fabled by Hesiod 
to live for nine generations of men. Plin. 
vii. 48. (HA.) Marc. vii. 5. PR. Hor. 
IV Od. xiii. 25. (MI.) R. Lucr. v. 1083. 
Mart. X. lxvii. Hierocles tells an anec- 
dote of a wiseacre, who, being incredu- 
lous upon this point, took to keeping one 



of these birds, in order to satisfy his mind 
as to the fact. cf. xiv. 251, note. 

249. The ancients reckoned with their 
fingers: they counted on the left hand as 
far as a hundred, then on the right hand 
up to two hundred, after which they re- 
turned to the left hand for the next hun- 
dred, and so on. Tertull. GR. SN. a»«- 
^'tfi'prctt.tiv' Lycoph. yi] <ro\ih xgoratpoicrt 
KoruTTugi; , v\ <ro\uftv0os ygaia, £/' $v 
N'urrug ovk 'in T(>s<r(Zvra,ros' *> <pdos 
u.6^v\to.<t iXc&Qou vXiov, 7) %t(>} Xaia. yr,gcif 
a.^6(jt.i7cr6at livrt^ov a$up.ivy' A nth. (jr. 
ii. 9. FA. J A. Claud. Ruf. i. 116. (B.) 
Plaut. M. Gl. II. ii. 48 sqq. (GRO.) 
Diop. 1195. (REI.) R. 

252. Cf. iii. 27. PR. 

253. A periphrasis for Antilochus the 
son of Nestor, who was slain by Memnon. 
VS. Horn. Od. A. PR. II. A 177 sqq. 457. 
N 396. 545. o 515. 576. Dictys iv. 6, 
Q. Cal. ii. 243—266. Pind. P. vi. 22 sqq. 
Hor. II Od. ix. 14. (ML) Ov. Her. i. 
15. (H.) Xen. de Ven. p. 974. R. 

255. Cf. Virg. JE. ix. 497. SV. 

256. Peleus, the son of /Eacus and 
father of Achilles by Thetis, had to lament 
his son who was shot with arrows, in his 
vulnerable heel, by Paris and Deipbobus 
in the temple of the Thymbraean Apollo, 



s at. x. OF JUVENAL, 261 

Atque alius, cui fas Ithacum lugere natantem. 
Incolumi Troja Priamus venisset ad umbras 
Assaraci magnis solennibus, Hectore funus 

260 Portante ac reliquis fratrum cervicibus inter 
Iliadum lacrumas, ut primos edere planctus 
Cassandra inciperet scissaque Polyxena palla, 
Si foret exstinctus diverso tempore, quo non 
Coeperat audaces Paris sediflcare carinas. 

265 Longa dies igitur quid contulit ? Omnia vidit 
Eversa et flammis Asiam ferroque cadentem. 
Tunc miles tremulus posita tulit arma tiara 
Et ruit ante aram summi Jovis, ut vetulus bos, 
Qui domini cultris tenue et miserabile collum 



as lie was on the point of marriage with 
Polyxena. LU. M. Find. P. iii. 178 sqq. 
(SM.) R. 

257. Laertes had to lament his son 
Ulysses ' kin° of Ithaca.' VS. Horn. Od. 
n. PR. cf. xiv. 287. Prop. III. xii. 32. 
R. 

Natantem ' tost on the sea ten years 
and often shipwrecked/ FA. LU. 

258. Priamum tanta progenie orbatum, 
cum in aram covfugisset, hostilis manus 
inieremit. hie, si vivisJiUis, incolumi regno, 
occidisset, utmm tandem a bonis, an a 
vialis discessisset 9 turn profecto videretur 
e bonis; Cic. T. Q. i. 35. Suet. Tib. 62. 
R. Virg. M. ii. 501 sqq. M. The mis- 
fortunes of Priam were proverbial. Arist. 
Eth. i. 9. 

259. Assaracns was the brother of Uus 
and uncle of Laomedon, Priam's father. 
BRI. Virg. G. iii, 35. (HI'.) R. M. i. 
288. M. 

260. The funeral ceremonies of the 
oriental nations are much the same at the 
present day as in the age of Priam. The 
body is usually carried by the sons; 
while the daughters (followed by a long- 
train of females, sometimes brought to- 
gether by affection, but more commonly 
hired for the purpose) break out at stated 
intervals into piercing lamentations, which 
are instantly taken up and re-echoed by 
the whole procession. It is a solemn and 
an affecting service. G. Plin. vii. 44. 
xviii. 3. Suet. Aug. 100. V. Max. vii. 1. 
GR. LU. Y. Flac. vii. 643. (BU.) Quint. 
Decl xii. 26. (BU.) Apollod. 111. xii. 5. 
(HY.) R. See Southcy, Kehama, i. 



261. Cf. Virg. M. xi. 35. R. 

262. The female mourner, who took 
the lead of the rest and gave the note of 
preparation to their cries of lamentation, 
was called prcejica. Cassandra, from her 
spirit of prophecy, is aptly selected for 
this office. GR. (cf. 2 Chron. xxxv. 25.) 
Her fate was a melancholy one. Virg. 
J£. i. 44. ii. 403 sqq. M. .Esch. Agam. 

The custom of rending the garment in 
token of grief was both very ancient and 
very general. PR. note on xurygiizevro' 
Her. iii. 66. 

Polyxena was another daughter of 
Priam and Hecuba. She was immolated 
at the tomb of Achilles. Note on 256. 
LU. Juvenal perhaps had in his mind's 
eye that passage of Euripides, "kufcovaa. 

yonos sis ft'uroy, x. -r. k, Hec. 556 sqq. 
Palia ' a mantle, a shawl.' R. 

263. ' At an earlier period.' R. 

264. The epithet ' daring' is transferred 
to the ships from Paris, R. who had the 
audacity to carry off Helen, queen of 
Sparta, from the court of her husband 
Menelaus. VS. Hor. 1 Od. xv. PR. 

' The keels,' as being the first timbe? 
laid. cf. Eur. Hec. 627 sqq. 

265. With the following passage com- 
pare Enn. in Cic. T. Q. i. 35. R. Virg, 
M. ii. 506—559. VS. 

266. Cf. Virg. JE. iii. 1. M. 

267. Note on vi. 516. PR. 

268. ' Slain by Pyrrhus the son of 
Achilles, before the altar of Hercean 
Jove.' LU. 

269. Stcrnitur exanimisque tremens pro- 



262 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. X. 



270 Prsebet, ab ingrato jam fastiditus aratro. 

Exitus ille utcumque hominis : sed torva canino 
Latravit rictu , quae post hunc vixerat, uxor. 
Festino ad nostros et regem transeo Ponti 
Et Croesum, quem vox justi facunda Solonis 

275 Respicere ad longse jussit spatia ultima vitse. 
Exsilium et career Minturnarumque paludes 
Et mendicatus victa Carthagine panis 
Hinc causas habuere. Quid illo cive tulisset 



cumbit humi bos ; Virg. iE. v. 481. 
ACH. 

270. Here again (note on 264) the 
epithet, belonging to the husbandmen, is 
transferred to the plough. BR I. ' Un- 
grateful' for all his past services. PR. 

271. According to the fable, Hecuba 
was metamorphosed into a bitch. Ov. M. 
xiii. 422 sqq. Hyg. F. 111. 243. (!\1UN.) 
LU. Dictys v. 13. 16. Lycoph. 331. 
(PTR.) Eur. Hec. 1247 sqq. R. The 
Greeks perhaps gave her this appellation 
in consequence of the bitter invectives 
with which she assailed them. VS. 
" Men. Hark ye, my mistress ! do you 
know why Greece Feign'd Hecuba was 
turned into a bitch 1 Wom. Not 1 indeed. 
Men. I'll tell you then: because She 
rail'd and raved at every one she met, as 
you do now ; and therefore was she call'd 
And rightly call'd, a bitch!" G. Plaut. 
Men. V. i.'Cic. T. Q. iii. 26. PR. 

273. ' Mithridates' (note on vi. 661.) 
lived sixty-nine years, and reigned fifty- 
seven, during forty of which he carried 
on a war with the Romans. VS. Flor. iii. 
5. SCH. He fell at last by the hand of 
Bituitus. App. B. M. Ill sq. Plin. xxv. 
2 s 3. R. 

274. The history of Croesus (whose 
wealth is still proverbial, M.) is given at 
length in Her. i. 26—94. SCH. cf. also 
Just, and Plut. PR. Other familiar in- 
stances may be found in Poltjcrates, Her. 
iii. 125. Nicias, Thuc. vii. 86. and even 
in Cyrus himself ; Her. i. 214. tov Ti toi- 
aureus %oy<ru[&tv/>v tv%uis x.a) nXiUT-/i- 
<ravra adXius ovbtis lu^otifioviirei' Arist. 
Eth. i. 9. 

Solon, one of the seven Greek sages, 
legislated for Athens in the 33rd year ©f 
the elder Tarquin's reign. Gell. xvii. 
21. PR. 

275. Her. i. 32. ovbi-ru ol^a, KgoTo-i, 
(<ri iv&uifiovct uvai ,) ')iv (jw <rgo; to riXo: 



cctpixy tou (ZioW o ya(> 6a.vot.Tos a.x.(>t(bn( 
iXiy^os tuv toioutuv Ttou rb a%gi noos to 
Ti^a ivbatp'ovus "biafitwvar Luc. 'Evrurx. 
10. Tlie same sentiment has been re- 
peatedly expressed ; e. g. Eur. Tr. 509 
sq. Iph. A. 161. R. Ov. M. iii. 135 sqq. 
LU. Soph. CE, R.Jin. G. Id. Ant. 1156 
sqq. Tr. 1 sqq. Eur. And. 100 sqq. Her. 
865 sq. rEsch. Ag. 937 sq. <rgo nXtvrtis 
juh ftaxd^s fi-tyiiva' LX X 2«<p. xi. 
28. cf. Kev. xiv. 13. Arist. Eth. i. 10. 
" Our life cannot be pronounced happy, 
till the last scene is closed with ease and 
resignation, the mind still continuing to 
preserve its usual dignity, and falling 
into the arms of death as a wearied tra- 
veller sinks into rest ;" Earl of Orrery. 

276. ' Marius' (viii. 245 sqq.) was seven 
times consul. Flor. iii. 21. LU. Aur. Vict. 
Liv. ep. Ixxvii. Plut. Mar. and Sull. PR. 
App. B. C. i. 61 sq. V. Pat. ii. 19. 7?. 
Though the mutability of fortune in his 
case was singular, yet his end was for- 
tunate, illefuit vita; Mario modus, omnia 
passo, quce pejor fortuna potest, at que omni- 
bus uso, quce melior, mensoque, homini quid 
fata pararent ; Luc. G. 

When driven from Rome by Sulla, he 
was forced to hide in the marshes from 
the cavalry sent in pursuit of him. He 
was afterwards betrayed to his enemies 
and kept in custody ; bul as no one dared 
to kill him, he was sent off to Africa, 
where he is said to have begged his bread 
amid the ruins of Carthage. VS. PR. R. 

MinturncE was a town of the Aurunci, 
on the confines of Latium and Campania, 
near the mouth of the Liris. LU. It is 
now in ruins, PR. on the right hand of 
the ferry of the Garigliano, as you go 
from Rome to Naples. G. 

278. Hinc ' from a lengthened life.' 
LU. He was sixty-eight when he died. 
M. 

' Than C. Marius.' LU. 



led 



SAT. X. 



OF JUVENAL. 



263 



Natura in terris, quid Roma beatius umquam, 
280 Si circumducto captivomm agmine et omni 
Bellorum pompa animam exhalasset opimam, 
Quum de Teutonico vellet descendere curru? 
Provida Pompeio dederat Campania febres 
Optandas : sed multse urbes et publica vota 
285 Vicemnt. Igitur Fortuna ipsius et Urbis 

Servatum victo caput abstulit. Hoc cruciatu 
Lentulus, hac poena caruit ceciditque Cethegus 
Integer et jacuit Catilina cadavere toto. 

Formam optat modico pueris, majore puellis 
290 Murmure, quum Veneris fanum videt anxia mater, 
Usque ad delicias votorum. " Cur tamen" inquit 



280. ' After his triumph over the 
Cimbri and Teutones hence the chariot 
is called « Teutonic 282. LU. 

281. ' Satiated with spoils :' an allu- 
sion to spolia opima. BRI. 

283. " Campania, prescient of her 
Pompey's fate, Sent a kind fever." G. 
Pompeius noster familiaris, cum graviter 
cegrotaret Neapoli, utrum si turn esset ex- 
tinctus, a bonis rebus, an a mulis discessis- 
set? certe a miseriis. non enim cum socero 
helium gessisset,non imparatus arma sum- 
sisset, non domum reliquisset, non ex 
Italia fugisset, non exercitu amisso nudus 
in servorum manus ac ferrum incidisset ; 
non liberi defied; non fortunes omnes a 
victoribus possiderentur. qui si mortem 
turn obiisset, in amplissimis fortunis occi- 
disset. is propaguiione vitce. quot, quantas, 
quam incredibiles hausit calamitates ! heec 
morte effugiuvtur ; Cic. T. Q. i. 35. It 
would have been the happiest thing for 
him, had that fever proved fatal. LU. 

284. ' The united prayers and vows of 
so many cities and people, for his recovery, 
prevailed against the effects of his sickness 
and saved his life.' LU. M. Plut. V. 
Pomp. PR. 

285. ' The malignant Fortune of Pom- 
pey and of Rome. 5 Flor. iv. 9. SCH. 

286. 1 Preserved' by the public vows, 
only to be ' reserved' for ignominious 
mutilation. LU. Cn. Pompeius, who had 
been thrice consul and, by three triumphs 
gained from three separate quarters of 
the globe, had acquired the surname of 
Magnus, after being ' conquered' by 
Caesar at Pharsalia, fled for protection to 



Ptolemy king of Egypt. On reaching 
that country, he was murdered (in his 
58th year) by Achillas one of the king's 
officers and L. Septimius a military tri- 
bune. JXofAWyi'iov T'/jv attpenXhv a.Ton/uovrz$ 
at <ffi^) Tlofoivov itpvXao-ffov Kalffugi, us 
ivr) (jcty'io-rctis apoificuf App. B. C. li. 86 
pr. 76 sqq. 90. Plin. v. 12. vii. 26. Flor. 
iv. 11. Dio xli pr. cf. Sen. Cons, to 
Marc. 20. V. Pat. ii. 48 sqq. R. 

287. P. Corn. Lentulus Sura, a man 
of consular rank, and Cethegus (viii. 
231.) were strangled in prison ; Catiline 
fell in battle : though these were foul 
conspirators against their country's liber- 
ties. VS. App. B. C. ii. 6 sq. Sail. B. C. 
PR. Flor. iv. 1. R. 

288. The ancients believed that their 
wounds and mutilations followed them to 
the next world, and therefore they felt 
inexpressible horror at the idea of being 
dismembered in this. cf. Suet. Ner. 49. 
G. Virg. iE. vi. 494 sqq. St Matth. xviii. 
8 sq. 

289. Cf. Pers. ii. 6 sqq. PR.vi. 539. R. 

290. Venus was the goddess of beauty, 
and, according to the judgment of Paris, 
the most beautiful of the goddesses. LU. 
She had a temple in which she was 
worshipped by the style of 'A^a^/rw 
"*¥i6v£o$ because all prayers were to be 
offered in whispers. Sen.Ep. 10. Eust. 
on Horn. Od. T p. 1881. A. R. 

291. (1) ' So as to revel in the dainty 
luxury of her vows.' PR. or (2) ' So as 
to pour forth vows full of tender sweet- 
ness to propitiate the favour of the fair 
deity.' R. LU. 



♦264 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. X. 



" Corripias? Pulcra gaudet Latona Diana." 
Sed vetat optari faciem Lucretia, qualem 
Ipsa habuit : cuperet Rutilaa Virginia gibbum 

295 Accipere atque suam Rutilae dare. Filius autem 
Corporis egregii miseros trepidosque parentes 
Semper habet. Rara est adeo concordia formse 
Atque pudicitiae ! Sanctos licet horrida mores 
Tradiderit domus ac ve teres imitata Sabinos, 

800 Praaterea castum ingenium vultumque modesto 
Sanguine ferventem tribuat Natura benigna 
Larga manu ; (quid enim puero conferre potest plus 
Custode et cura Natura potentior omni ?) 
Non licet esse viris : nam prodiga corruptoris 

305 Improbitas ipsos audet tentare parentes. 

Tanta in muneribus fiducia ! Nullus ephebum 
Deformem saeva castravit in arce tyrannus ; 
Nec praetextatum rapuit Nero loripedem vel 
Strumosum atque utero pariter gibboque tumentem. 

310 I nunc et juvenis specie laetare tui ! Quern 
Majora exspectant discrimina? Fiet adulter 
Publicus et poenas metuet, quascumque mariti 



Inqnit: Hor. I S. iv. 78. (BY.) Liv. cilice; Ov. Her. xvi. 288. PR. Id. Am. 

xxxiv. 3. 5. (DR. GRO.) vi. 40, III. iv. 41 sq. Petr. 94. Mart. VIII. liii. 

3. R. R. 

292. ' Yet why chide the mother's 298. Cf. vi. 287 sqq. PR. 

fond anxiety r LU. 299. Cf. iii. 169. vi. 163 sqq. PR. 

Yiyv\6i Vi Tt (p^iva. \riru> x. <r. k. 30 1. Properly speaking benigna applies 

Horn. Od. Z 106. Virg. i. 498 sqq. PR. to natura, and larga to rnanu. PR. 

293. Lucretia, the wife of Collatinus, 303. Cf. Sen. Ep. xi. de I. ii. 2. Hor. 
was forced by Sextus Tarquinius, and I Ep. x. 24. R. 

destroyed herself in consequence. VS. 306. Munera,erede mihi, capiunt homi- 

This led to the overthrow of the regal imque deosque; Ov. A. A. iii. 653. LU. 
government. M. V. INlax. vi. 1. SCH. 307. The Tarpeian • citadel' or Capi- 

Liv. i. 58. Dionys. H. iv. PR. tol may be here meant, cf. Suet. Ner. 

294. Livia the wife of Rutilius was 28. LU. 

an old woman, upwards of 97 years of 308. Pers. v. 30. (K.) R. 

age. Plin. vii. 48. SCH. 309. ' One with a scrofulous wen.' 

Virginia was slain by her own father, GR. Cels. v. 28 s 7. R. 
to preserve her chastity from the lust of ' Pot-bellied and hump-backed.' M. 
Appius, which had been excited by her 312. Publicus; Hor. II Od. viii. 8. 

beauty. This catastrophe occasioned the R. 

abolition of the decemviral power. VS. The punishment of adultery appears 

Flor. i. 15. SCH. Liv. iii. 44. PR. rather to have been left to the discretion 

295. Suam understand faciem et for- of the injured party than accurately de- 
mam. PR. fined by law. The woman was treated 

297. Lis est cum forma magna pudi- with less severity than her paramour, cf. 



SAT. X. 



OF JUVENAL. 



265 



Exigere irati; nec erit felicior astro 

Martis, lit in laqueos numquam incidat. Exigit autem 
315 Interdum ille dolor plus, quam lex ulla dolori 

Concessit. Necat hie ferro, secat ille cruentis 

Verberibus, quosdam mcechos et mugilis intrat. 

Sed tuus Endymion dilectse net adulter 

Matronse: mox quum dederit Servilia numos, 
320 Fiet et illius, quam non amat: exuet omnem 

Corporis ornatum. Quid enim ulla negaverit udis 

Inguinibus, sive est haec Oppia sive Catulla? 

Deterior totos habet illic femina mores. 

" Sed casto quid forma nocet?" Quid profuit immo 
325 Hippolyto grave propositum? quid Bellerophonti? 



Hor. I S. ii. Varr. de Pace : Cat. xv. 
(FO.) Plant: Poen. Tac. An. iv. 42. 
(LL) HN. R. 

313. ' The star of Mars,' for Mars 
himself. His was an unlucky planet ; 
SCH. vi. 553, note. R. 

314. Mars was caught by Vulcan, in 
a net, while engaged in an intrigue with 
Venus. Hyg. F. 148. Ov. M. iv. 171 sqq. 
SCH. Id. A. A. ii. 561 sqq. Horn. Od. 
266 sqq. R. 

315. ' The husband's grief.' PR. cf. 
V. Max. VI. i. 13. G. 

316. Hor. I S. ii. 37—46. M. Ep.iv. 
11. (ML) R. 

317. Cat. xv. 19. (D(E.) PR. £«0«wV 
Suid. (KU.) Arist. PI. 1068. M. 1079. 
Ath. i. 5. (CAS.) vii. 77. (SW.) R. 

318. Endymion was a beautiful shep- 
herd beloved by the Moon. VS. Hyg. F. 
275. SCH. The fable is explained by 
Pliny; ii. 9. PR. Apoll. I. vii. 5. 
(HY.) Ov. Tr. ii. 299. (HAR.) R. 
"Mother: But my Endymion will 
more lucky prove, And serve a beauteous 
mistress, all for love ! Juvenal : No ; 
he will soon to ugliness be sold, And 
serve a toothless grandam, all for gold!" 
G. 

319. Servilia, Cato's sister and the 
mother of Brutus, intrigued with Cassar. 
LU. Her sister the wife of Lucullus was 
equally depraved. Suet. Caes. 50. R. 
Plut. Luc. p. 517. Cat. mi. p. 759 sqq. 
Brut. p. 984. PR. ' Servilia, were she 
still living.' 

320. ' He will strip her by degrees of 



all her trinkets and jewels.' R. 



321. • To the gratification of her pas- 
sions.' R. 

322. ' Whether gentie or simple,' PR. 
' rich or poor,' M, ' ugly or pretty,' R. 
' prude or coquette." ACH. 

323. ' A vulgar woman has but that 
one thing in her view, and shapes all her 
morals and manners accordingly.' cf. hue 
hominis totce vireis corpusque fluebat; 
Lucr. vi. 1203. MNS. 

324. " Moth. But if my boy with 
virtue be endued, What harm will beauty 
do him 1 Juv. Nay, what good V' G. 

325. Hippolyius was deaf to the inces- 
tuous solicitations of his step-mother 
Phaedra. Incensed at his coldness, she 
falsely accused him to his father Theseus ; 
in consequence of whose curse, he was 
thrown from his chariot and killed. Sen. 
Hip. PR. M. Hyg. F. 47. 49. SCH. Ov. 
Her.iv. M. xv. 491 sqq. Eur. Hip. Ath. 
xiii. 8. R. 

Bellerophon, the son of Glaucus, re- 
jected the criminal advances of Sthe- 
neboea the wife of his host Prcetus, king 
of Argos. The slighted queen complained 
to her husband as though his guest had 
infringed the rites of hospitality. The 
young prince had in consequence many 
hair-breadth escapes of his life. Hor. Ill 
Od.vii. 13 sqq. (MI.) PR. Hvg.F.57. 
SCH. Horn. II. Z 152 sqq. Apoll. IT. Hi. 
1. (HY.) R. These stories would seem 
founded on the scripture account of 
Joseph and Potiphar's wife; G. Gen. 
xxxix.7sqq. M. which has been adopted, 
as a very favourite subject, by oiiental 
romance. 



2 M 



266 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. X. 



Erubuit nempe hsec, ceu fastidita, repulsa: 
Nec Stheneboea minus, quam Cressa, excanduit, et se 
Concussere ambse. Mulier saevissima tunc est, 
Quum stimulos odio pudor admovet. Elige, quidnam 

330 Suadendum esse putes, cui nubere Csesaris uxor 
Destinat ? Optimus hie et formosissimus idem 
Gentis patriciae rapitur miser exstinguendus 
Messalinoa oculis : dudum sedet ilia parato 
Flameolo Tyri usque palam genialis in hortis 

335 Sternitur et ritu decies centena dabuntur 
Antiquo; veniet cum signatoribus auspex. 
Haac tu secreta et paucis commissa putabas? 
Non, nisi legitime, vult nubere. Quid placeat, die: 
Ni parere velis, pereundum erit ante lucernas: 

340 Si scelus admittas, dabitur mora parvula, dum res 
Nota Urbi et populo contingat Principis aures. 
Dedecus ille domus sciet ultimus: interea tu 



326. Hcbc i. e. Pha-dra. VS. 

327. Sthenebcea, also called Antea. 
Horn. II. Z. R. 

* Fha>dra' was the daughter of Minos 
king ' of Crete' and Pasiphae. VS. LU. 

328. 1 Roused themselves' to venge- 
ance. LU. 7ion leviter se Numidia con- 
cussit; Flor. iii. 1. cf. Virg. /E. vii. 338. 

R. The metaphor is taken from 
a lion. M. 

Duri magno sed amove dolores polluto, 
notumque furensquid feminu possit ; Virg. 
M. v. 5 sq. VS. ib. i*. 29 sqq. M. 

329. The metaphor is taken from a 
driver goading the ox when at plough. 
R. 

Quidnam? he was placed ina dilemma. 

R. 

330. The infamous Messalina, in the 
absence of her husband Claudius at Ostia, 
obliged C. Silius, who was then consul 
elect, to marry her publicly, and to re- 
pudiate his own wife, Junia Silana ; 
which caused his destruction. Tac. An. 
xi.5. 12—38. R. ACE. VS.'Suet.LU. 
PR. 

331. " Lo, this most noble, this most 
beauteous youth, Is hurried off, a helpless 
sacrifice To the lewd glance of Mes- 
salina's eyes." G. cf. Ov. Am. III. xi. 
48. Phaid. IV. iv. 4. (BU.) Hor. IV Od. 
xiii. 20. (MI.) R. 



333. Observe the eagerness and the 
boldness (ii. 136.) of the adulterous hride: 
and cf. ii. 124. LU. Tac. An. xi. 27. R. 

334. Understand lectns. VS. ' And in 
the gardens of Lucullus, the genial (vi. 
22. R.) marriage-couch is openly spread 
with the purple tapestry of Tyre.' 

335. Cf. i. 92. 105. ii. 117. vi. 137. 
T. RI. M. ' After the ancient fashion 
a dowry will be given, and that a con- 
siderable one;' upwards of £8000, a 
senatorial estate. R. 

336. Cf. vi. 25. apud antiquos non 
solum publice sed etiam privutim nihil 
gerebutnr, nisi autpicio prius aumto : quo 
ex more mtptiis etiamnum auspices inter- 
ponuntur. qui quamvis auspicia petere 
dederint, ipso iamen nomine veteris coti- 
suetudinii vestigia usurpant; V. Max. ii. 
1. PR. Suet. Claud. 26. Tac. An. xiii. 
37. Cic. de Div. i. 16. R. 

337. ' You' i. e. Silius. LU. 

338. Another dilemma, as in Her.i.l ]. 

339. ' Before candles are lighted.' 
PR. 

342. This alludes to the stupidity and 
infatuation of Claudius.who would hardly 
believe the infamy of Messalina, and was, 
with still more difficulty, induced to give 
orders for her punishment. G. Xiph. 
Claud. LU. Had it not been for the 
resoluteness of Narcissus, she would 



SAT. X. 



OF JUVENAL. 



267 



Obsequere imperio; sit tanti vita dierum 
Paucorum. Quidquid melius leviusque putaris, 

345 Proebenda est gladio pulcra haec et Candida cervix. 

" Nil ergo optabunt homines?" Si consilium vis, 
Permittes ipsis expendere numinibus, quid 
Conveniat nobis rebusque sit utile nostris. 
Nam pro jucundis aptissima quaeque dabunt Di. 

350 Carior est illis homo, quam sibi. Nos animorum 
Impulsu et caeca magnaque cupidine ducti 
Conjugium petimus partumque uxoris : at illis 
Notum qui pueri qualisque futura sit uxor. 
Ut tamen et poscas aliquid voveasque sacellis 

355 Exta et candiduli divina tomacula porci; 



have escaped. Tac. An. xi. 37. PR. cf. 
xiv. 330. R. 

345. ' To the sword' either of Claudius 
or of Messalina. PR. cf. Tac. An. xi. 35. 
Dio lx. 31. R. 

346. Chaucer has some pleasing lines 
on the subject: " Alas, why playnen 
men so in commune Of purveyance of 
God, or of fortune, That yeveth him full 
oft in many a gise, Well bette than hem 
selfe can devise !" Knight's Tale. And 
Spenser; " In vaine,said then old Melibee, 
doe men The heavens of their fortune's 
fault accuse; Sith they know best, What 
is the best for them — For, they to each 
such fortune doe diffuse As they do knowe 
each can most aptly use. For, not that, 
which men covet most, is best, Nor that 
thing worst, which men doe most refuse : 
But fittest is, that all contented rest, 
With that they hold : each hath his for- 
tune in his brest." G. 

347. XaxgaTVis tv^tTO Tgbs robs hobs 
kfXa; T&ya6a tttdvai, u; tov; hob; xaX- 
XiffTa tWoTa;, brfoTa ayaSd Itrri' roll; £s 
iv%ef*tvov; %/>ve-iov n a^yv^iov t) rv^avv'ila 
7i aXXo Tt tuv toioutcov, ovhtv ^taQogov 
ivofii^iv ivy^io-Qau, t) u xv^t'tav v\ pd^/iv v 
aXXo Tt tvpgotvTo tuv ^avt^u; afrnXuv, otu; 
aTofivtroiro- Xen. iMem. I. in. 2. LIT. 

CCtfyuTTOI 0*1 fACtTUtSC, VOfil^OftiV , tiSoTtS Ovh'iV 
dio) Tt XUTCi ff^'tTtgOV VTUVTOi TiXovat v'oov' 

Tlieogn. ]4l sq. hoTs tv^ov, ol$ %o-ti f/tyu, 
xga.ro;' ov ri ang huv yjyvtTai uv^ojtoi;, 
ovr dyd$* ovts xaxd' ib 171 sq. xtv^v- 
vtvn yovv <PgOVtf/.b; Tlf avott txtlvo; <7f0l'/i- 
t*is, of %oxu (i»t <piXots dvonTOis tut) XQYio-u.- 
(Atvos, ogcuv abrob; xa) TgdrTOVTas. xa) 
ib%ef&tvove oi-rig ov 6'iXTtov riv, ixuvoi; Tt 



ifroxtt xeivy b<x\g atfavriov avTuv tv^hv 
7roi7i<rao'6af Xtyti Tt <jrws uST " Ztu fiatri- 
Xtv, to, (Av \ff6Xa' <pyi(r! " xa) tv%o/u.ivois 
xa) dviuxTot; aft/ut dfiou, to. T& o^avd xa) 
ivftofi'tvois aTaXt^av" xtXtvtr Plat. Ale. 
ii. p. 154. tovtm ftiv to'ivvv xa) Aaxt- 
^aifzovioi tov <roi7iTnv t^nXwx'oTi; , tin xa) 
avTo) ovtoj; t<xt(rxifjt.(jt.'tvoi xa) l^la xa) 
o^n/jLocr'ta txdo-TOTt Ta(>a7rXii<riav tv-^hv ttl- 
%ovtui to. xaXa. Iff) ro7; dyaSol; tovs 
dob; StTovai xiXsvovTt; aZ c<p'io-tv avTois. 
vrXiiov T ovbiis u-v txuvuv tv\a(jbtvujv dxov- 
fftts- ib. p. 172. Pind. P. iii. 106 sqq. 
R. 

348. Compare the prayer of St. Chry- 
sostom. 

349. Compare 1 St Peter v. 7. M. 
352. Eu^w£(j Tt xa) <vtgi Ttxvcav tov 

avTOv -rgovrov tv£,a/u,tvov; Tiva; ntvi ytvtcr&aj, 
xai ytvof&svav ii; \v^oga; Tt xa) XvTus 
Tas (ttyiffTas xaTatrrdvTa; . oi f/Xv yag, 
fio%09iga>v %id TiXovs ovtuv tuv Tixveov, oXov 
Tbv fi'iov XwovfJbtvot fowyayov tovs 5e, 
X^nGTuv (jtXv ytvofJLtvoJv , o~vf&<poga~s "St X,l>*l- 
aay/ivuv , uo~Tt ffTt^nSnvai, xa) tovtovs ovTtv 
its tXaTTOvas o^vffTOpc'ias xaStffT'AXOTas %<Ti(> 
ixavov; , xa) [ZovXofAtvov; av dy'ivnTa ftdX- 
Xov uvat t] ytvto-6aC Plat. Ale. ii. p. 152. 
LU. cf. Arist. Eth. i. 8 Jin. Eur. Ale. 
244—249. 

355. Candiduli. According to Varro, 
R. R. II. iv. 9. ' a white pig' was sacri- 
ficed on the occasion of a marriage : FA. 
and, by the Greeks, to Venus; Ath. iii. 
49. R. Pigs were also sacrificed to Lucina ; 
Hor. Ill Od. xxii. M. to Silvanus ; vi. 
447. and to Jupiter; Xen. An. VII. viii. 
3. [Livy i, 24. ED.] 

Divina 4 consecrated to the gods.' FA. 



268 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. X. 



Orandum est, ut sit mens sana in corpore sano: 
Fortem posce animum, mortis terrore carentem, 
Qui spatium vitae extremum inter munera ponat 
Naturae, qui ferre queat quoscumque labores, 

360 Nesciat irasci, cupiat nihil, et potiores 

Herculis aerumnas credat saevosque labores 
Et Venere et coenis et pluma Sardanapali. 
Monstro, quod ipse tibi possis dare : semita certe 
Tranquillae per virtutem patet uniea vitae. 

365 Nullum numen habes, si sit prudentia : nos te, 



Tomacula (from ropot or ts/zti ) ' the 
liver, and other parts cut out of the pig, 
minced up with the fat.' FA. tomacina 
pernce; Varr. R. R. II. iv. 10. Mart. 
I. xlii. 9. Petr. 31. 49. R. 

356. Cf. Sen. Ep. 10. FA. Hor. I 
Od. xxxi. 17 sqq. Pers. ii. 8. Mart. X. 
xlvii. R. 

357. The Stoical doctrine was that 
unavoidable evils were not to be feared, 
cf. Virg. G. ii. 490 sqq. (HY.) Plat. 
Phaed. Plin. xxviii. 1 s 2. extr. Sen. C. 
ud Marc. 20. Sil. ii. 223 sqq. 576. iii. 
134 sqq. xiii. 883 sqq. R. PR. " What 
cannot be cured Must be endured." 

35. 5. Tov fyopof TtTtktKcc' 2 Tim. iv. 7. 
M. metcc <r.vi ; Sil. x. 209. "SgaptTv irort 
g-rdfacrv Pind. N. vi. 13. Virg. M. x. 
472. xii. 546. (HY.) Pers. iii. 68. (K.) 
/?. 

359. A maxim of Epicurus was, 
" uv'i^ov Kttt cct'i%oo x.cii ttra ava- 
ftugTriros xcti a,^irufAiXti70s ." PR, 

360. This was also the Stoical phi- 
losophy, cf. Sen. de I. ii. 6 — 8. Hor. 
1 Ep. vi. Only the two principal per- 
turbations of the mind are here specified : 
U. ai }i T£u,\in rou avS^uirov 6v(ioZ 
xai WiOuft'nti- A list. Eth. iii. 1 fin. 

361. 4 The twelve labours of Hercules.' 
LU. Diodor. PR. see the Choice of 
Hercules, from Prodicus ; Xen. Mem. 

362. 4 The downy couches of Sarda- 
napalus,' the last king of Assyria, noto- 
rious for his effeminacy and luxury. VS. 
cf. Herod. Plut. Diodor. ii. 23 sqq. Ath. 
xii. 7. Just. i. 3. V. Pat. i. 6. Cic. T. 
Q. v. 35. (Bfl.) R. BRI. PR. 

363. Sad salts est orare Jovem, qui 
don at et attfert : det vitam, det opes : aquum 
mihi animum ipse parabo ; Hor. I Ep. 
xviii. Ill sqq. (BY.) PR. cf. Sen. Ep. 
27. 41. 80. R. The heathen thought 
that every man v\ as the author of his own 



virtue and wisdom ; but there were some 
at Rome, at that time, who could have 
taught Juvenal that " Every good gift, 
and every perfect gift, is from above, and 
cometh down from the Father of lights 
St James i. 17. Jerem. x. 23. Omnes 
mortales sic habent, . . . omnem commodi- 
tatem prosperitatemque vita, a diis se 
habere: virtutem autem nemo umquam 
acceptam deo retulit. nimirum recte : prop- 
ter virtutem enim jure laudamur, et in 
virtute recte gloriamur ; quod non contin- 
gerel, si id donum a deo, non a nobis 
haberemus. . . . num quis, quod bonus vir 
esset, gratias diis egit umquam ? at quod 
dives, quod honoratus, q?<od incolumis. 
Jovemque optimum et maximum ob eas res 
appellant, non qttod nosjustos, temperatos, 
sapientes efficiat , sed quod salvos, incolumes, 
opulcntos, copiosos. . . .judicium lioc om- 
nium mortalium est,fortunam a deo peten- 
dam, a se ipso sumendam esse sapientiam ; 
Cic. N. D. iii. 36. Thus •« They became 
vain in their imaginations, and their fool- 
ish heart was darkened ; professing 
themselves to be wise, they became 
fools;" Rom. i. 21 sq. M. 

364. Vis numquam tristis esse? recte 
vive ; Isid. BRI. fiaxgos $\ xai otfios 
o^or Hes. O. D. 286 sqq. Sil. xv. 18 
sqq. Pers. iii. 56 sq. (K.) R. 

365. xiv. 315 sq. The opinion ' vitam 
regit Jortuna non sapientia' is condemned 
by Cicero, T. Q. v. 25. ad summam, 
sapiens uno minor est Jove, dives, liber, 
honoratus, pulcher, rex denique regum ; 
Hor. I. Ep. i. 106 sq. PR. Ill Od. xxix. 
49 — 52. M. ' If men were but wise, 
Fortune would have no divine authority 
and power.' Plin. ii. 7. Sen. Ep. 98. 
cf. Virg. M. i. 8. 133. 666. ii. 123. iii. 
372. iv. 611. v. 56. vii. 119. viii. 78. ix. 
661. xi. 232. {HY.) Ov. Tr. ii. 551. 
IV. ii. 9. (BU.) R. 



SAT. X. 



OF JUVENAL. 



269 



Nos facimus, Fortuna, Deam cceloque locamus. 

366. Plin. ii. 7. PR. Hor. I Od. xxxv. discretion guides the skies ;" Fairfax ; 

" There's a divinity that shapes our ends, *' 'Tis said a wise man all mishaps with- 

Rough-hew them how we will Shaksp. stands ; For though by storms we borne 

Ham. V. ii. cf. Eccl. x. 10. M. Lactant. to mischiefs are, Yet grace and prudence 

iii. 29. Ov. M. xv. 818. (H.) R. "So- bayle our careful bands; Each man, 

vente avvien che'l saggio el forte Fabbro they say, his fate hath in his hands, And 

a se stesso 2 di beate sorte ;" Tasso ; what he marres, or makes to leese, or 

*' They make their fortunes, who are save, Of good or ill, is ev'n self doe, self 

stout and wise ; Wit rules the heavens, have j" Higgins, Mirr. of Magist. G. 



SATIRE XI. 



ARGUMENT. 

This Satire consists principally of an invitation to Persicus, the poet's 
friend, to spend the day with him ; but it is made the vehicle of much 
valuable information, and much amusing description. It begins with a 
severe invective against a person of the equestrian order, (here called 
Rutilus,) who had wasted his property in riot and confusion ; and from 
whose reduced and miserable state Juvenal takes occasion to draw many 
admirable maxims for the due regulation of life. 1 — 55. These intro- 
duce, with sufficient propriety, the little picture of his own domestic 
economy ; 56 sqq. which is followed by a most pleasing view of the sim- 
plicity of ancient manners, 60 sqq. 77 — 119. artfully contrasted with the 
extravagance and luxury of the current times. 120 sqq. 

He enters at length into the particulars of his purposed entertainment ; the 
viands are the produce of his own little farm and garden : 64 sqq. the 
furniture is of the most homely kind : 129 sqq. the servants are two 
raw country lads born on the estate : 142 sqq. the wines, home-made : 
159 — 161. and he concludes with a spirited description of the scandalous 
excesses practised at the tables of the great; 162 sqq. as a substitute for 
which, our host promises Persicus the treat of hearing the immortal 
poetry of Homer and Virgil ; 1 77 — 1 80. and with an earnest recommenda- 
tion to his friend, to enjoy the present with content, and to await the 
future with calmness and moderation. 184 — 208. G. R. 

This is apparently one of Juvenal's last works. It has all the charac- 
teristics of age ; the laudator temporis acti is ever foremost in the scene ; 
and it is pleasant to think that time had mellowed and improved the 
social feelings of the author. Not but what there is here much to be 
seen of those strong and elevated passions which distinguish his earlier 
writings ; yet softer and more amiable sentiments have their turn ; and 
the talkative old man appears as a warm friend, a generous landlord, 
and a most kind and affectionate master of a family. 

His guest does not appear in such an amiable light. He is a morose and 
suspicious character; sufficiently unhappy, it seems, in his domestic 
concerns; but fretful and fidgetty about many things, which Juvenal 
seems to think, he had much better dismiss from his thoughts. G. 



sat. xi. THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. 271 



Atticus eximie si coenat, lautus habetur; 
Si Rutilus, demens. Quid enim majore cachinno 
Excipitur vulgi, quam pauper Apicius? Omnis 
Convictus, thermae, stationes, omne theatrum 
5 De Rutilo. Nam dum valida ac juvenilia membra 
Sufficiunt galeae dumque ardent sanguine, fertur, 
Non cogente quidem sed nec prohibente tribuno, 
Scripturus leges et regia verba lanistae. 
Multos porro vides, quos saape elusus ad ipsum 
10 Creditor introitum solet exspectare macelli 
Et quibus in solo vivendi causa palato est. 
Egregius coenat meliusque miserrimus horum 
Et cito casurus jam perlucente ruina. 
Interea gustus elementa per omnia quaerunt, 



1. ' Any rich nobleman.' VS. T. 
Pomponius, the friend of Cicero, was 
surnamed Atticus, having acquired an 
Attic polish from a long residence in 
Athens. GR. PR. C. Nep. cf. iv. 13 sq. 
viii. 182. R. 

2. ' A poor man.' VS. The principle 
is duo si faciant idem, non est idem. GR. 
cf. xiv. 18. Rutilus was a surname of the 
Marcian, Virginian, and Nautian clans. 
R. Compare the fable of the Frog and 
the Ox. 

3. Cf. iii. 152. R. 

" An Apicius:" G. cf. iv. 23, note. 
FA. 

4. ' Every dinner party, every bagnio, 
every conversazione, or knot of news- 
mongers.' Plin. xvi. 44 s 86. T. V. 
Max. II. ii. 6. Gell. xiii. 13. PR. cf. 
vii. 233, note. M. viii. 168. V. Pat. ii. 
33.(70.) Suet. Ner. 37. (ER.) Plin. 
Ep. I. xiii. 2. II. ix. 5. R. understand 
loquuntur. VS. 

5. Rutilus was reduced by his extra- 
vagance to seek a livelihood in the am- 
phitheatre, cf. ii. 143 sqq. viii. 192 sqq. 
PR. [Livy xxviii, 21, h. ED.] 

7. ' The tribune (i. e. the emperor) 
ought to have interfered to put a stop to 
such a disgraceful practice.' LU. cf. ii. 
165. Tac. An. i. 2. iii. 56. (LI. ER.) R. 
iii. 313, note. 

8. The gladiators wrote out the rules 
given by their trainer, and also the words 
of command, in order to learn them by 



heart. Suet. Ca3S. 26. V. Max. II. iii. 2. 
FA. LI. vi. 249, note. cf. Arist. R. 
1111 sq. 

9. ' There are many spendthrifts, over 
head and ears in debt, whom the often- 
disappointed creditor is sure to meet at 
market.' VS. FA. Hor. I S. ii. 7 sqq. 
I Ep. xv. 26 sqq. R. 

10. The Romans used to market for 
themselves, and were attended by servants 
to carry home their purchases : R. see 
the opening of Ter. And. and cf. Arist. 
R. 1065 sq. 

11. r Xlv o hot h xoiXix- Phil. iii. 19. 
LU. cf. xii. 50 sq. Gell. vii. 16. S ~2*>- 
xgctrns sXiyiv rav akXeuv avS^uvm ^ia(pi- 
gsiv, xa.6offov o! /u,\v ^atrtv, tv iirS'tuiriv, avrog 
d' iffSlu 1m Zfi Ath. iv. 15. Macr. ii. 8. 
R. 

12. Egregius is the comparative adverb. 
Lucretius uses a similar form ; nam nihil 
egregius, quam res secernere apertas a 
dubiis; iv. 469. Priscian, iii. SCH. 

13. The metaphor is taken from ' a 
building on the point of falling, with 
cracks and fissures in its walls, through 
which the day-light pours.' LU. e 11 
<rot%os u'ftx <ry yi/Atgu. ^lu^co^UKro' xui us 
to w^utov 5 / s <p a v vi, x. r. X. Xen. An. 
VII. viii. 8. 

14. Gustut * delicacies.' LU. 

' They ransack earth, air, and water, 
for the choicest beasts and fowl and fish.' 
LU. quidquid avium volitat, quidquid 
piscium natat, quidquid fer arum discurrit, 



272 THE SATIRES sat 

15 Numquam animo pretiis obstantibus. Interius si 
Attendas, magis ilia juvant, quae pluris emuntur. 
Ergo haud difficile est, perituram arcessere sum mam 
Lancibus oppositis vel matris imagine fracta, 
Et quadringentis numis condire gulosum 

20 Fictile : sic veniunt ad miscellanea ludi. 

Refert ergo, quis haec eadem paret : in Rutilo nam 
Luxuria est, in Ventidio laudabile nomen 
Sumit et a censu famam trahit. Ilium ego jure 
Despiciam, qui scit, quanto sublimior Atlas 

25 Omnibus in Libya sit montibus ; hie tamen idem 
Ignore t, quantum ferrata distet ab area 
Sacculus. E coelo descendit TNX20I 2EATTON, 



nostris sepelitur ventribus. qu&re nunc, cur 
subito moriamur: mortibus vivimus ; Sen. 
Contr. v. pr. R. 

15. * The price never stands in the 
way of their inclination.' M. 

16. Cf. Petr. 93. Sen. Cons, ad Helv. 
9. R. 

17. ' They make no difficulty, M. 
(i. e. they hesitate not) about raising.' 

18. ' By pawning their plate.' LU. 
cf. vii. 73. Plaut. Cure. II. iii. 77. Sen. 
Ben. vii. 14. Cat. xxvi. 2. (VU. DOS.) 
R. 

He destroyed the features of the image, 
out of shame, lest it should be recog- 
nized, and thereby disgrace himself and 
his family. Iu all probability this alludes 
to some transaction which had recently 
occurred. LU. 

19. With numi understand sestertii. M. 
' Four hundred sestertii' would be about 
three guineas, cf. i. 106. ii. 117. v. 132. 
R. 

" To prepare Yet one treat more, 
though but in earthen ware !'* G. 

The epithet gulosus properly belongs 
to the epicure. VS. 

20. There is much poignancy in the 
circumstance of exchanging plate for 
luxuries to be eaten out of earthen dishes. 
Especially as at Rome Jictilibus caenare 
pudet ; iii. 168. The gluttony of these 
spendthrifts must have been excessive, to 
overcome the prevailing prejudice in so 
delicate a point. G. GR. " Then to the 
fencer's (vi. 82.) mess they come, of 
course, And mount the scaffold as a last 



resource." G. This mess was a coarse 
and greasy kind of dish, which the gladi- 
ators ate, while in training, to improve 
both their wind and their limbs. A sort 
of macaroni. HO. Though their new 
food may not be prime in its quality, yet 
it is not deficient in quantity, which is a 
great point, cf. ii. 53. Tac. H. ii. 88. 
Prop. IV. viii. 25. (BK.) R. 

22. Ventidius; vii. 199. or Tac. An. 
xii. 54. Pi?. Pers. iv. 25 sq. SCH. but 
see CAS. R. 

23. Cf. Xen. An. VII. vii. 21. 

24. Atlas-, viii. 32. M. xiii. 48. LU. 

25. ' There is as wide a difference 
between the coffers (x. 25. LU. xiv. 259 
sq. R.) of the rich and the poor man's 
money-bag, as between Atlas and the 
lesser mountains of Mauritania.' 

27. This precept has been assigned to 
various authors, viz. Socrates, Chilo, 
Thales, Cleobulus, Bias, Pythagoras, &c. 
D. Laert. i. Cic. ad Q. Fr. iii. 6. T. Q. 
i. 22, 52. (HA.) Plat. Ale. i. t. v. p. 56. 
65. Sen. Ep. 82. VS. SCH. R. oracu- 
lorum societatem dedere mortales Chiloni 
Lacedcemonio, tria ejus prcecepta Delphis 
consecrando aureis Uteris; Plin. vii. 32. 
Pers. iv. 52. PR. It is very sound 
theology to say, that, to have the veil of 
pride and self-love taken away, so that 
we know ourselves aright, is the gift of 
God and the foundation of all true and 
saving knowledge, cf. Jerem. xvii. 9 sq. 
M. The comic poets, to whom nothing 
was sacred, have of course made free 
with this : xa.ro. araXA.' i<rT/v oh kuXu; 
tignfAivov to yvadi fftuv rov, %(>i)<rt- 



SAT. XI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



273 



Figendum et memori tractandum pectore, sive 
Conjugium quaeras vel sacri in parte Senatus 

30 Esse velis : nec enim loricam poscit Achillis 
Thersites, in qua se transducebat Ulixes. 
Ancipitem seu tu magno discrimine eausam 
Protegere affectas ; te consule ; die tibi, qui sis, 
Orator vehemens, an Curtius et Matho buccae. 

35 Noscenda est mensura sui spectandaque rebus 
In summis minimisque, etiam quum piscis emetur, 
Ne inullum cupias, quum sit tibi gobio tantum 
In loculis. Quis enim te, deficiente crumena 
Et crescente gula, manet exitus, aere paterno 

40 Ac rebus mersis in ventrem, feneris atque 

Argenti gravis et pecorum agrorumque capacem ? 
Talibus a dominis post cuncta novissimus exit 
Annulus et digito mendicat Pollio nudo. 
Non praematuri cineres nec funus acerbum 



flange* yag J» to yvaSt robs akXouf' 
Menand. To this Le Sage alludes with 
his usual felicity ; " Loin de rneihorter 
a ne tromper personne, mes parens devoient 
me recommander de ne me laisser duper ;" 
Gil Bias. G. 

28. Figendum ; v. 12. R. 

29. Conjugium ; rnv xaree, ffavrov tXa 
LU. nube pari; Ov. Her. ix. 32. GR. 

30. * Thersites with all his impu- 
dence, had not the audacity to put in a 
claim to the armour of Achilles; FL. 
which even Ulysses, with all his wisdom, 
made himself ridiculous by wearing :' T. 
as the daw by dressing in the peacock's 
borrowed plumes. M. cf. viii. 17, note, 
vii. 115. x. 84 sq. We should probably 
read poscat. R. 

Loricam, made by Vulcan : Ov. M. 
xiii. LU. 

31. Thersites; viii. 269. T. According 
to Q. Cal. and Lycoph. 999. (TZ. PTR.) 
he is said to have been slain with a blow 
of the fist by Achilles. FL. 

33. Cf. Pers. iv. 23. 52. LU. 

34. Curtius Montanus; iv. 107. FE. 
Matho; i. 32. vii. 129. FE. 

Buccce ; « mere talk.' Mart. I. xlii. 13. 
Petr. 43. cf. iii. 35. R. 

35. Sumite materiam vestris, qui scribitis, 
oequam viribus ; et versate diu, quid ferre 

2 



recusent, quid valeant humeri ; Hor. A. 
P. 39 sq. 

36. The poet may allude to the fish 
which Octavius bought : see note on iv. 15. 
GR. 

37. ' A surmullet.' v. 92 sqq. PR. 
The price of 1 a gudgeon.' LU. Plin. 

ix. 57. (HA.) Ath. vi. 44. vii. 83. (SW.) 
In like manner, there are said to be 
asini, ovis, and boves, in crumena ; Plaut. 
As. III. ii. 44. True. III. i. 10. Pers. 
II. v. 16. R. 

40. Hence a man of this character 
was called gurges, GR. vorago patrimonii, 
or baratJirum macelli. R. 

41. Argenti gravis ; ix. 141. R. 

43. " The last poor shift, off comes the 
knightly ring." G. cf. Mart. II. lvii. 7 sq. 
VIII. v. 2. Apul. Ap. p. 322, 21. con- 
stitutum erat, ne cut jus annulorum esset, 
nisi cui, ingenuo ipsi,patri, avoque paterno, 
sestertia cccc census fuisset ; Plin. xxxiii. 
2 s 7. R. i. 28, note. 

Testudinum pntumina secure in laminas 
lectosque et repositoria his vestire CarvUius 
Pollio instituit, prodigi et sagacis ad 
luxur'icB instrumenta ingenii; Plin.ix. 10 
s 13. {HA,) PR. ix. 6. R. 

44. The sooner they die, the better. 
FA. Their aim is a short life and a 
merry one, and their maxim " Let us eat 

N 



274 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XI. 



45 Luxurias ; sed morte magis metuenda senectus. 
Hi plerumque gradus : conducta pecunia Roma? 
Et coram dominis corisumitnr : inde ubi paulum, 
Nescio quid, superest et pallet feneris auctor, 
Qui vertere solum, Baias et ad ostrea currunt. 

50 Cedere namque foro jam non est deterius, quam 
Esquilias a ferventi migrare Subura. 
Ille dolor solus patriam fugientibus, ilia 
Mcestitia est, caruisse anno Circensibus uno. 
Sanguinis in facie non hseret gutta : morantur 

55 Pauci ridiculum effugientem ex Urbe Pudorem. 
Experiere hodie, numquid pulcerrima dictu, 
Persice, non praestem vita vel moribus et re ; 
Sed laudem siliquas occultus ganeo ; pultes 
Coram aliis dictem puero, sed in aure placentas. 

60 Nam quum sis conviva mihi promissus, habebis 



and drink, for to-morrow we die." M. 
1 Cor. xv. 32. 

45. ' To the luxurious.' FA. 

47. Dominis ' the lenders.' FA. 

48. " And the pale usurer tremhles 
for his gold." G. 

49. Qui volunt pcenam aliquam subter- 
fugere ant culamitatem, solum vertunt, hoc 
est, sedem ac locum mttfant ; Cic. for Csec. 
34. R. 

* Even in their exile, they have an eye 
to the good things of this life : oysters 
have their charms.' iv. 140, and viii. 86, 
notes. R. 

' They run' lest their creditors shou'd 
get hold of them. R. 

50. ' To give one's creditors the slip,' 
' to run away from justice.' M. ' To 
abscond from 'change,' ' to become bank- 
rupt.' Sen. Ben. iv. 39. R. 

51. Cf. iii. 5. LU. iii. 71. v. 78. PR. 

53. Cf. x. 80 sq. FA. iii. 223. PR. 

54. Cf. x. 300 sq. PR. " Where 
sleeps the modest blood 1 in all our 
veins, No conscious drop to form a blush 
remains. Shame, from the town, 
scorn'd, baffled, hastes away ; And few, 
alas ! solicit her to stay." G. 

55. Cf. vi. 20. PR. 

56. ' To-day you shall be convinced 
by your own experience, whether I am 
one of those hypocrites, who discourse 
fairly and finely, but do not act up to 
their professions.' M. cf. ii. 1 sqq. R. 



57. ' In reality.' Ter. And. V. i. 5. 
ill. iTn^h oh ra. ctvra. (pavigu; tveuveiuffi, 
xcti xtpccvuf Arist. Ilh. II. xxiv. 2. 

5 5. Siliquas; Pers. iii. 55. (CAS.) 
PR. imitated from Hor. II Hp. i. 123. 
siliquas may be ' the pods' of the Carob- 
tree (or St John's Bread, LU.) which 
were eaten not only by swine, but by 
slaves and men of low condition. Plin. 
xiii. 8 s 16. xv. 24 s 26. (HA.) SA, Ex. 
PI. p. 459 sq. SL, on m^drtov. R. St 
Luke xv. 16. 

Pultes; vii. 185, note. PR. It was a 
mixture of coarse meal and water, sea- 
soned with salt and cheese, or sometimes 
enriched with an egg and sweetened with 
honey. Our « hasty-pudding' comes 
pretty near it. Pliny the elder says, 
pulle non pane vixisse Ion go tempore 
Romunos manifestum ; xviii. 8. — 10. 
Their descendants, the poor of Italy, 
still consume vast quantities of it, under 
the name of polenta (cf. Pers. iii. 56.) or 
macaroni, a little improved indeed by the 
addition of rasped cheese and its never- 
fading attendant, rancid oil. G. M. 
xvi. 39. Varr. L. L. iv. 22. R. V. Max. 
ii. 5. FA. 

59. ' Cheese-cakes.' Mart. VII. xx. 8. 
PR. mellitas placentas ; Hor. I Ep. x. 
11 sq. M. Cato gives the receipt for 
making them ; R. R. 76. LU. 

60. Cf. Virg. M. viii. 100 sqq. VS. ib. 
359—369. R. 



SAT. XI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



275 



Evandrum, venies Tirynthius aut minor illo 
Hospes et ipse tamen contingens sanguine coelum ; 
Alter aquis, alter flammis ad sidera missus. 
Fercula nunc audi nullis ornata macellis. 

65 De Tiburtino veniet pinguissimus agro 

Haedulus et toto grege mollior, inscius herbae 
Necdum ausus virgas humilis mordere salicti, 
Qui plus lactis habet quam sanguinis; et montani 
Asparagi, posito quos legit villica fuso. 

70 Grandia praeterea tortoque calentia fceno 
Ova adsunt ipsis cum matribus et servatse 
Parte anni, quales fuerant in vitibus, uvse: 
Signinum Syriumque pyrum, de corbibus isdem 



61. Res inopes Evandrus habehat; 
Virg. 100. LU. 

Hercules was called ' the Tirynthian 
Virg. 228. from Tiryns a town of Ar- 
golis, LU. the birth-place of his mother 
Alcmena. M. 

62. ^Eneas was inferior to Alcides in 
fame and achievements, but was of celes- 
tial origin both by the father's side, and 
by Venus his mother. LU. Sil. vi. 627. 
viii. 293 sqq. R. 

63. iEneas was drowned in the Numi- 
cian fountain. Hercules burnt himself 
on a funeral pile upon Mount (Eta, to 
put an end to the dreadful agonies he 
suffered from the fatal tunic sent by 
Deianira, which had been dipped in the 
blood of the Centaur Nessus. They 
were both deified after death. VS. cf. 
Dionys. H. i. Ov. M. ix. Sen. K. (Et. 
PR. JE ne a, sanetus eris, cum te vene- 
randa Numici unda deum ccdo miserit 
indigetem ; Tib. II. v. 43 sq. (HY.) 

fvlget sacratis ignibus (Ete, ingentemque 
(Alcidae) animam rapiunt ad sidera fiam- 
mce; Sil. iii. 43 sq. Quo-) rov 'H qu xXioc, 
iv <r»j O'lrn xtt.ru.Kuv6i.vr a. 6ibv yitiffSur xui 
yu/7 txtTvo;, utfofiuXcov o-rotrov uvSguvaov 
Uftz <aru(>a. rys f^viT^b; xou xudu^ov <rs xui 
uxri^urov <pi(>uv ro faTov, hivx^vti&iv inro 
<rov vrvgos, untfruro Is robs faovg' Luc. 
Hermot. 7. R. 

64. Dapibus mensas onerabat inemtis ; 
Virg. G. iv. 133. LU. Compare bene 
erat, non piscibus urbe petitis, sed pullo 
atque hcedo; <Sfc. Hor. II S. ii. 120 sqq. R. 

65. Juvenal probably had a country 
house in the neighbourhood of Tibur. N. 



This bill of fare Martial has imitated in 
several places, but more particularly in 
X. xlviii. His entertainment, however, is 
more varied and his guests are more 
numerous : the seasoning too of his treat 
is very pleasant ; accederit sine felle joci 
nec mane iimenda libertas et .nil quod 
tacuisse velis : de prasino conviva meus 
venetoque laquatur; nec faciei) t quemquam 
pocu la nostra reum; 21 sqq. G. 

66. ' Fatted by suckling like our 
house -lamb. JVL 

67. ' The low osier-bed.' LU. cf. 
Virg. G. ii. 434 sqq. R. 

68. ' The wild sperage, from the 
mountain's side,' G. was less delicate 
than that which was cultivated in gar- 
dens. BEL Plin. xvi. 36 s 67. xix. 8 s 
42. R. cf. v. 82. M. 

69. ' The wife of my farm-servant.' 
cf. iv. 77. Mart. I. lvi. 11. IX. lxi. 3. 
X. xlviii. 7 sqq. E. 

71. 'With the pullets that laid them.' 
M. 

72. Grapes were preserved in various 
ways, by being put into jars, by being 
hung up by the stalks, and by several 
other methods. Colum. xii. 43. Varr. E. 
R. i. 54. Plin. xiv. 1. xv. 17. xxii. 1. 
Apic. A. C.i. 17. Didym. Geop. iv. 15. 
R. These were kept by the second 
method. VS.- 

73. Signia, in Latium, (now ' Segni') 
was famous for its fine pears, Plin. xv. 
15 s 16. Cels. ii. 24. PR. Id. iv. 19. 
Colum. V. x. 18. and also for its rough 
astringent wines, Plin. xiv. 6. xxxv. 12. 
R. Sil. viii. 380. M. 



276 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XI. 



iEmula Picenis et odoris mala recentis 
75 Nec metuenda tibi, siccatum frigore postquam 
Auctumnum et crudi posuere pericula suci. 
Haec olim nostri jam luxuriosa Senatus 
Coena fuit. Curius, parvo quae legerat horto, 
Ipse focis brevibus ponebat oluscula, quae nunc 
80 Squalidus in magna fastidit compede fossor, 
Qui meminit, calidae sapiat quid vulva popinae. 
Sicci terga suis, rara pendentia crate, 
Moris erat quondam festis servare diebus 
Et natalitium cognatis ponere lardum, 
85 Accedente nova, si quam dabat hostia, came. 
Cognatorum aliquis, titulo ter Consulis atque 



* The Bergamot pears' came originally 
from Syria. Some think them the same 
as the Falernian, GR. or Tarentine. 
Colum. x. 5. Macr. iii. 19. Plin. PR. 
Mart. V. lxxix. 13. Virg. G. ii. 88. 
Theophr. iv. 4. p. 32. R. 

Their being put all in the same basket 
denotes the simplicity of the dessert. PR. 

74. • The apples of Picenum' were 
considered the finest. Picenis cedunt 
pomis Tiburtia suco, nam facie freest unt ; 
Hor. II S. iv. 70 sq. LU. ib. iii. 272. 
Picenum was also famous for its pears, 
Plin. xv. 15 s 16. (HA.) and olives, 
and rolls; Mart. XIII. xxxvi. xlvii. R. 

75. ' After they have laid aside their 
autumnal crudity, now mellowed by the 
frost, and the unwholesome qualities of 
the raw juice.' LU. 

77. With this contrast between the 
ancient frugality and the modern magni- 
ficence, may be compared vi. 286 sqq. 
xiv. 160 sqq. Hor. I Od. xii. 33 sqq. II 
Od. v. 10—20. Ill Od. vi. 17—48. Ov. 
F. i. 197 sqq. Prop. IV. i. R. 

' Of our senators.' R. 

78. Curius; ii. 3, note. PR. Cic. de 
Sen. VS. Plin. xix. 5 s 26. extr. Sen. to 
Helv. 10. cf. de Prov. 3. R. He was 
found by the Samnite ambassadors, sit- 
ting by a small fire, and preparing a dish 
of turnips for his supper, with his own 
hands. M. G. 

79. The epithets parvo and brevibus are 
both to be noted. R. 

Olusculu; Hor. II S. ii. 117. Ammian 
Ep. xx. in Br. An. t. ii. p. 388. R. 

80. Cf. viii. 179 sq. Pers. vi. 40. LU. 



ugriculturam vincti fedes, damnatee ma- 
nus, inscripti vultus exercent ; Plin. xviii. 
3. PR. Ov. Pont. I. vi. 31 sq. R. 

81. Me materna gravi de sue vulva 
capit; Mart. XIII. lvi. VII. xix. 11. 
ejectitia autem vulva est, quae extrahitur 
%dero suis prcegnantis; porcana, post qu urn 
peperit; Plin. viii. 51. xi. 37 s 84. (HA.) 
SCH. nil vulva pulcrius ampla ; Hor. 1 
Ep. xv. 41. PR. Apic.rie R. Cul. vii. 1. 
Ath. iii. 17. 21 sq. R. 

82. ' A flitch of smoked bacon.' LU. 
vii. 119. Hor. II S. ii. 117 sqq. R. Varr. 
R. R.ii. 4. PR. 

* A rack with its bars wide apart.' M. 
Mart. XIV. cexxi. As the ancients had 
no chimneys, the smoke had to make its 
escape, as it could, through windows and 
doors; and what they wanted to smoke 
was hung up to the rafters, cf. vi. 320, 
note. Colum. xii. 53. Macr. vii. 12. Ov. 
F. ii. 645. Petr. 96. 135 sq. (BU.) R. 

83. ' For high days and holidays, as 
a great treat.' M. cf. Virg. JE. i. 207. R. 

84. * To set before the family party.' 

R. 

85. ' With the addition of fresh meat, 
VS. if there was a sacrifice to supply 
any.' On birth-days, such as could afford 
it, offered a victim to their Genius : [but 
cf. Pers. ii. 3, note :] LU. or purchased 
from the quaestor part of the animals slain 
in public sacrifices. V. Max. II. ii. 8. 
PR. Anciently animals were only killed 
for sacrifice. The use of flesh as an article 
of food was introduced by slow degrees 
and very sparingly; and for a long while, 
it was never eaten unless salted. CAS. 



at. xi. OF JUVENAL. 277 

Castrorum imperiis et Dictatoris honore 

Functus, ad has epulas solito maturius ibat, 

Erectum domito referens a monte ligonem. 
90 Quum tremerent autem Fabios durumque Catonem 

Et Scauros et Fabricios, postremo severos 

Censoris mores etiam collega timeret; 

Nemo inter curas et seria duxit habendum, 

Qualis in Oceani fluctu testudo nataret, 
95 Clarum Trojugenis factura ac nobile fulcrum : 

Sed nudo latere et parvis frons aerea lectis 

Vile coronati caput ostendebat aselli, 



88. ' Before the ninth hour.' VS. i. 
49, note. R. He hurried to such a fru- 
gal meal, as to something quite out of the 
common way. LU. 

89. Pliny mentions olives and myrtles, 
then living, which had been planted by 
the hands of the elder Africanus : xvi. 
ult. PR. Agricultural pursuits gave rise 
to many noble names: Fubius, Lentulus, 
Cicero, Serranus,Piso, Pilumnus, fyc. Plin. 
xviii. 3 — 5. Colum. prsef. I?. The hero 
in the text shoulders his spade, as though 
proud of his victory over the stubborn 
soil. LU. M. 

Extremis domitus cultoribus orbis; 
Virg. G. ii. 114. subigere is used in the 
same sense; Ov. Met. xi. 31. M. Mart. 
IV. lxxiv. 33. Virg. M,. ix. 608. R. 

90. Several Fabii bore the office of 
Censor; (1) M. F. Ambustus, A. U. 
390; (2) Q. F. Max. Ruliianus, A. TJ. 
449 ; (3) Q. F. Gurges, his son, A. U. 
473 ; (4) Q. F. Max. Verrucosus Cunc- 
tator, A. U. 523; (5) M. F. Buteo, 
A. U. 512 ; (6) Q. F. Max. Servilianus, 
A. U. 627 ; and (7) Q. F. Max. JEmilia- 
nus Allobrogicus, A. U. 645. R. The 
second is here meant, who obliged his 
colleague P. Decius to let him adminis- 
ter the office with all the strictness of the 
good old times. VS. cf.ii. 145 sq. vi. 266. 
PR. 

M. Porcius Cato, of Tusculum, was 
Censor, A. U. 569. triste supercilium 
durique severa Catonis frons; Mart. 
XI. ii. 1. R. cf. ii. 40. PR. 

91. M. JEmilius Scaurvs was Censor, 
A. U. 645. R. cf. ii. 35. PR. 

C. Fubricius Luscinus was Censor, 
A. U. 478. R. cf. ix. 142. PR. 

92. This may allude either to the dis- 



pute between Ruliianus and Decius, men- 
tioned just before, M. or to that between 
M. Livius Salinator and C. Claudius 
Nero, A. U. 549. Liv. xxix. 37. V. Max. 
II. iv. R. 

93. Cf. Virg. G. ii. 462 sqq. R. 

94. Testudines tantce magnitudinis In- 
dicum mare emittit, ut singularum super- 
Jicie habitabiles casas integant ; at que inter 
insulas rubri maris his navigant cimbis. 
in Phoznicio mari haud ulla difficultate 
capiuntur, $c. Plin. ix. 10 s 12. note on 
43. PR. Plin. xxxiii. 9 s 51. R. 

95. XtXavccis TS'TeixiXfiivat xo'itus' 
Clem. Alex. FA. xkivxs kro %i\uvti$ 
'iv^ixtis' Luc. cf. vi. 80. Plin. xxxii. 4. 
(HA.) Sen. Ben. vii. 9. R. distemebatur 
lectus Indica iestudine pellucidus, plumea 
congerie tumidus, veste serica floridus ; 
Apul. Met. x. gemmantes prima fulgent 
iestudine lecti; Mart. XII. lxvii. PR. cf. 
vi. 22. M. 

Trojugenis ; cf. i. 100. M. 

96. Nudo, ' bare of ornaments.' VS. 

97. Antiqui nostri in lectis tricliniari- 
bus, in fulcris capita asellorum vite alli- 
gatu habuerunt, signifcantes [*quod pam- 
pinos prcerodendo putare vites docuerit, 
atque ita vini suavitatem*] invenerit ; 
Hyg. F. 274 % (MUN.) FE. r£ & &*o 
rct/v Iv N«ytrX/a Xsyofiiva Is <rov ovov, us 
iTitpayuv a.f/.'ffi'kov xXyifca a<p(}ovuri(>ov is 
to ft'iXkov uirzcprivi rot xugvrov, xai ovos 
fftp'tiriv Iv vr&rgct vrtvowfttvos rovro trriv, 
ars ufAvtkwv h^u^xs to^yiv, vraginftt ovx 
a%ioXoya yyovptvos' Paus. ii. 38. R. 

Perhaps we should read Vite. HN. 
The ass was a favourite of Silenus ; its 
head, therefore, crowned with clusters of 
grapes, was cast in brass, and fixed upon 
the front of the couches on which they 



278 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XI. 



Ad quod lascivi ludebant ruris alumni. 
Tales ergo cibi, qualis domus atque supellex. 

100 Tunc rudis et Graias mirari nescius artes, 
Urbibus eversis, praedarum in parte reperta 
Magnorum artificum frangebat pocula miles, 
Ut phaleris gauderet equus, caelataque cassis 
Romuleae simulacra ferae mansuescere jussae 

105 Imperii fato, geminos sub rupe Quirinos, 

Ac nudam effigiem clypeo venientis et hasta 
Pendentisque Dei perituro ostenderet hosti. 
Argenti quod erat, solis fulgebat in armis : 
Ponebant igitur Tusco farrata catino. 



sat at meat, as a provocative to hilarity 
and good fellowship. G. 

98. As the old Romans had made no 
extraordinary progress in any of the fine 
arts, we may easily suppose that the 
clumsy workmanship of these ornaments 
provoked the risibility of the 1 unlucky 
boys' of the family. G. 

99. ' They were all of a piece.' M. 

100. Cf. Polyb. in Strab. p. 381. V. 
Pat. i. 13. R. 

102. ' Of great artists :' viii. 102 sqq. 

It. 

The army of Clovis, the founder of the 
French monarchy, having plundered a 
church, carried off, among other sacred 
utensils, a vase of extraordinary size 
and beauty. On coming to Soissons, 
where the booty was to be divided, and 
was placed, for that purpose, in one 
great heap in the centre of the army, 
Clovis entreated, that, before making the 
division, they would give him that vase 
over and above his share. All appeared 
willing to gratify the king by complying 
with his request, when a fierce and 
haughty soldier lifted up his battle-axe, 
and , striking the vase with the utmost 
violence, cried out with a loud voice, 
" You shall receive nothing here but that 
to which the lot gives you a right !" Greg, 
of Tours, Hist. Fr. ii. 27. 

103. Phaleris: cf. x. 134. Virg. M. 
ix. 359. (HF.) Ov. M. viii. 33. (H. 
BU.) Petr. 55. Suet. Ner. 33. Sil. xv. 
255. (DR.") R. alia purpurea taenia 
dorsa ac pectora collaque equcnum complec- 
tuniur : pro fasciis aurea phalera cer- 
nuntur, qua sunt ovales oi-biculi et auro 
distincta lora ; Pancir. Dig. Imp. Or. 
GRJE. [Livy xxii, 52, 7. ED.] 



104. ' Of the she-wolf.' cf. Liv. i. 4. 
PR. It was customary to have the 
origin or history of their ancestors or 
their country embossed on their helmets 
or shields. Sil. i. 407. 415. viii. 385 sqq. 
xv. 682. (DR.) R. LU. 

105. Fato; cf. Her. i. Ill, note 89. 
For ' the rock,' Dionys. H. i. Virg. 

M. viii. 630. (CE.) the Jicus Ruminalis 
is generally substituted. Plin. xv. 18 s 20. 
(HA.) R. 

' The twin Quirini' i. e. Romulus and 
Remus. M. 

106. 4 Of Mars descending to visit 
Ilia, VS. and hovering over her in the 
air,' Spence, Polymetis, vii. p. 77. or 
* over his children as their guardian.' M. 

107. The Roman soldiers used to bear 
on their helmets the first history of Ro- 
mulus. The figure of the god of war was 
made as if descending on the priestess 
Ilia. The sculptor, to distinguish him 
from the rest of the gods, gave him, what 
the medalist calls his proper attributes, 
a spear in one hand and a shield in the 
other. As he was represented descend- 
ing, his fig'ure appeared suspended in the 
air over the vestal : Addison, Trav. p. 184. 
He illustrates this by a coin of Antoninus 
Pius, which appears to be a mere copy 
of this description. Both Ovid and Ti- 
bullus, however, say that Mars was un- 
armed. G. See Hamilton's Vases, pi. 38. 
62. &c. 

108. Cf. Suet. Caes. 67. (CAS.) R. 
[Livy xxii, 52. ED.) 

109. Tuscum fictile; Pers. ii. 60. LU. 
Aretina 7iimis ne spernas vasa monemus, 
lautas erat Tuscis Porsena Jictilibus; 
Mart. XIV. xcviii. M. Plin. xxxv. 12 s 
46. (HA.) R. 



SAT. XI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



279 



110 Omnia tunc, quibus invideas, si lividulus sis. 
Templorum quoque majestas praesentior, et vox 
Nocte fere media mediamque audita per Urbem, 
Litore ab Oceani Gallis venientibus et Dis 
Officium vatis peragentibus, his monuit nos. 

115 Hanc rebus Latiis curam prsestare solebat 
Fictilis et nullo violatus Jupiter auro. 
Ilia domi natas nostraque ex arbore mensas 
Tempora viderunt ; hos lignum stabat in usus, 
Annosam si forte nucem dejecerat Eurus. 

120 At nunc divitibus coenandi nulla voluptas, 
ISIil rhombus, nil dama sapit; putere videntur 
Unguenta atque rosae, latos nisi sustinet orbes 



Farrata; cf. xiv. 171. LU. 

1 10. « Yet all was then most enviable, 
if you had but a spark of that feeling in 
your composition.' M. 

111. • The majesty of the gods in the 
temples was more propitious.' M. cf. iii. 
18, note. Virg. E. i. 42. G. i. 10. {HY. 
CE.) R. 

112. M. Ccedicius de plebe nuntiavit 
tribunis, se in Nova Via,ubi nunc sacellum 
est, supra cedem Vesta, vocem noctis silent io 
audisse clariorem humana, quce magis- 
tratibus dicijuberet gallos adventare; 
Liv. v. 32. 50. LU. Plut. V. Cam. G. 

113. Invisitato atque inaudito hoste ab 
Oceuno terrarumque ultimis oris bellum 
ciente, &;c. Liv. v. 37. i. e. ' the Senones,' 
under Brennus. LU. ib. 33 sqq. 

114. His (1) ' from these temples,' R. 
(2) « by these methods,' AT. (3) « con- 
cerning these foes.' ACH. 

1 15. Res Latice ' the Roman common- 
wealth.' R. 

1 16. Cf. Pers. ii. 59. 69. The golden 
age was that, when there was .least gold, 
cf. iii. 20. LU. et te quoque dignum Jinge 
deo: jinges autem non auro, non argento : 
non potest ex hac materia imago dei exprimi 
similis: cogita illos, quum propitii essent, 
fictiles fuisse; Sen. Ep. 31. extr. Pliny, 
speaking of an earthenware image of Jupi- 
ter, which the elder Tarquin set up in the 
Capitol, adds, ha> enim turn, imagines deum 
eraut laudatissinue : nec poenitet nos illo- 
rum, qui tales coluere. aurum. enim et ar- 
gentum ne diis quidem conjiciebant : durant 
in plerisque locisetiam nuncjictilia ista si- 
mulacra, sanctior a auro, certe innocentiora; 
Plin. xxxv. 12 s 45 sq. PR. xxxiv. 7 s 16. 



Sen. to Helv. 10. Mart. XIV. clxxviiL 
Tib. I. x. 19 sqq. Luc. Contempl. t. i. 
p. 505. V. Max. iv. 4. Ov. F. i. 201 sq. 
Of Jupiter Hammon, Lucan says, pauper 
adhuc deus est, nullis violata per cevum 
divitiis delubra tenens; morumque priorum 
numen Romano templumdefend.it ab auro; 
ix. 519 sqq. R. The statue of Cybele 
(iii. 137, note.) was still more rude 
and artless than that mentioned in the 
text. The true principle (I believe) of 
the adoration which was anciently paid 
to those unfinished masses of stone, as 
well as to the first shapeless blocks which 
were set up in the temples, was the pro- 
found reverence entertained for the gods; 
which did not suffer the artists to invest 
them too closely with a determinate form. 
In process of time they grew bolder : and 
it is an observable thing in the history of 
sculpture, that the most admired statues 
of the deities were produced in the age of 
scepticism, or infidelity. This applies no 
less to the Greeks than to the Romans: the 
latter, while they were sincere believers 
in their mythology, had not a god tole- 
rably executed. G. cf. Virg. G. ii. 
465 sq. 

1 18. Stare often means esse : cf. Virg. 
JE. i. 646. vii. 553. (HF.) R. 

119. ' A walnut-tree.' M. 

120. Ventrem invitant pretio; Claud, 
xx. 329. renovant per damna famem ; 
Petr. 119.55. Hor. II S. ii. 21. R. 

121. ' Even turbot and venison is 
tasteless.' M. 

Dama; Plin. viii. 53. PR. JE\. H. A. 
xiv. 14. R. 

122. Cf. ix. 128, note. R. 



280 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XI. 



Grande ebur et magno sublimis pardus hiatu, 
Dentibus ex illis, quos mittit porta Syenes 

125 Et Mauri celeres et Mauro obscurior Indus 
Et quos deposuit Nabataeo belua saltu, 
Jam nimios capitique graves. Hinc surgit orexis, 
Hinc stomacho bilis: nam pes argenteus illis, 
Annulus in digito quod ferreus. Ergo superbum 

130 Convivam caveo, qui me sibi comparat et res 
Despicit exiguas. Adeo nulla uncia nobis 
Est eboris nec tessellae nec calculus ex hac 



Orbes; i. 75, and 137, notes. R. 
Citron-wood tables had long been in 
high estimation. Cicero, in his impeach- 
ment of Verres, says; tu maximam et 
pulcerrimam citream mensam a Q, Lu- 
tatio Diodoro abstulisti ; iv. 17. This 
may be alluded to in i. 75. Seneca, 
according to Xiphilinus, was reproached 
with having in his possession no less than 
five hundred of these costly tables! 
G. dentibus hie niveis sectos Atlantide 
silva imposuere orbes ; Luc. x. 144 sq. 
PR. 

123. ' A massive ivory pedestal carved 
in the form of a rampant leopard.' M. 
Round tables were generally /^ovo-rohg, 
Lucian calls them r£c&Ti£a$ iXupctvri- 
voltcc Somn. HN. 

124. 'Teeth:' Pausanias calls them 
4 horns.' RH. cf. Sil. xvi. 206. ( DR.) 
Plin. viii. 3. 10. Prop. TI. xxxi. 12. 
(BX.) R. 

Mittit; cf. iii. 205. Plin. xii. 5. Mart. 
II. xliii. 9 sq. IX. xxiii. 5. XIV. lxxxix. 
xci. R. 

Syene, a town and peninsula of the 
Nile, on the confines of ^Ethiopia and 
Egypt, now • Assuan,' under the tropic 
of Cancer, Ptol. iv. 5. (but see AN.) to 
which Juvenal was banished, as it was a 
Roman garrison town: Strab.xvii. p. 797. 
Plin. v. 9 s 10. (HA.) or the island Ele- 
phantina (for janua Baiurum, iii. 4. does 
not denote Baice itself,) may be meant. 
FA. PR. R. 

125. Elephantos fert Africa ultra Syr- 
ticas soliludines et in Mauritania : ferunt 
JEthiopes et Troglodyte : sed maximos 
India ; Plin. viii. 1 1. R. 

The Africans generally were celebrated 
for their speed : as the Carthaginians, 
Sd. iii. 232. the Gaetulians, ib. 292 sqq. 
the Autololes,i6.306 sqq. the Troglodyta?, 



Her. iv. 183. Plin. vi. 29 s 34. Luc. iv. 

677 sqq. R. PR. 

' The darker Indian.' SCH. The Greek 
Maugos means ' obscure.' bidis ad na- 
scentem diem sitis tamen in corpore color 
nociis inest; Apul. Flor. PR. concolor 
Indo Maurus ; Luc. iv. 678. R. 

126. The capital of the Nabataeans 
was Petra, whence the whole country 
was called Arabia Petrjea. Strab. xvi. 
p. 779. Plin. vi. 28 s 33. R. FA. They 
were named after " The first-born of 
Ishmael, Nebajoth ;" Gen. xxv. 13. PR. 

The elephant is said to shed its tusks 
every two years, dentes deciduos casu 
aliquo vel senecta defodiunt: hoc solum 
ebur est : circumventique a venantibus , im- 
pactos urbori frangunt, prcedaque se redi- 
munt ; Plin. viii. 3. PR. 

127. "Ogees' vi. 428. PR. Heliogabalus 
amabat sibi pretia majora did earum rerum, 
quae mensce parabantur, orexin cottvivio 
banc esse asserens; Lampr. 29 extr. cf. v. 
16. R. Congreve, in translating this 
passage, has given a conundrum not un- 
worthy of Cowley in his happiest mo- 
ments: " An iv'ry table is a certain 
whet; You would not think how heartily 
he'll eat, As if new vigour to his teeth 
were sent, By sympathy from those o' th' 
elephant." G. 

128. ' The gastric juice.' From the 
irritation of the coat of the stomach by 
this fluid, arises the sensation which we. 
call hunger. 

' Silver was thought nothing of, in 
comparison with ivory.' VS. 

129. ' An iron ring.' i. 28, note. M. 
cf. Plin. xxxiii. 1. PR. 

131. Adeo ' insomuch that.' M. 

132. ' Neither the squares in my 
chess-board nor the chess-men are of 
ivory.' cf. Mart. XIV. xvii. xiv. LU. 



SAT. XI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



281 



Materia: quin ipsa manubria cultellorum 

Ossea. Non tamen his ulla umquam opsonia fiunt 

135 Rancidula, aut ideo pejor gallina secatur. 

Sed nec structor erit, cui cedere debeat omnis 
Pergula, discipulus Trypheri doctoris, apud quern 
Sumine cum magno lepus atque aper et pygargus 
Et Scythicae volucres et phoenicopterus ingens 

140 Et Gaetulus oryx, hebeti lautissima ferro 
Caeditur et tota sonat ulmea ccena Subura. 
Nec frustum capreae subducere nec latus Afrae 



Pers. iii. 48. PR. Prop. II. xxiv. 13. 
Theoph. Ch. v. 4. (CAS.) R. 

134. His ' on account of their being 
bone.' VS. 

136. Cf. v. 120 sqq. notes. LU. 

137. Pergula was the stall on the out- 
side of a shop, where articles were dis- 
played for more publicity, and where 
obscure artists exhibited their skill to 
gain notoriety. JS. VL. cf. Plin. xxxv. 
10*36,12.(114.) Suet. Aug. 94. 111. 
Gr. 18. It is here put for the professors 
of the science of carving, who exhibited 
at these stalls. PR. Scr. H. Aug. t. ii. 
p. 733. (SA.) R. 

Doctor Trypherus was the master of a 
carving academy in the Subura. M. 
T£vtptgi$ ' delicate.' VL. 

138. Sumen was the udder of a sow 
killed the day after farrowing, cf. 81. M. 
Pers. i. 53. LU. Mart. XIII. xliv. PR. 
Plin. xi. 37 s 84. extr. (HA.) R. 

Pygargus (vrvyh ' tail,' agyos * white') 
VS. Plin. viii. 53. PR. ' The white 
antelope,' Pennant ; * the spring-bok' 
(i. e. bounding goat) of the Cape, Spar- 
man ; G. or ' gazelle.' R. 

139. The pheasant, b'gvis <paffia.vixo$ or 
<pa.ffiu.vos, derived its name from the Phasis, 
VS. a river of Colchis, on the confines of 
Scythia. PR. Petr. 93. ( WE.) R. v\Mos 
^ op'ida* rav xaXovfttvav <pa.ffia.vm tpoira. 

f*.oi.ruf Agatharch. in Ath. ix. 38. It is 
represented as saying " Argiva primum 
sum transportata carina ; ante mihi notum 
nil nisi Phasis erat ;" Mart. XIII. lxxii. 
King Ptolemy Evergetes speaks of it, 
from hearsay, as a great delicacy; rm 
<pa,ffietiuv Wtitifft <rXt)$os, eSffrs ucti ffirt7ff6ac 
<rb ya.(> fyuf&d vro\uri\\$ uvro<p«.!voutriV 
Ath. xiv. 69. Philoxenus mentions it as 

2 



coming on, with chicken, hare, and par- 
tridge, in the second course ; iv. 28. 

<&oivtxtoi ' crimson,' errs^ov * pinion.' 
phoenicopieri linguam prcecipui caporis esse 
Apicius docuit nepotum omnium altissirmts 
gurges; Plin. x.*48 * 67 sq. (HA.) dat 
mihi penyia ruhens nomen, sed lingua 
gulosis nostra sapit ; quid dgarrula lingua 
foret ? Mart. XIII. lxxi. PR. Suet. Vit. 
13. R. " Evening comes on : arising 
from the stream, Homeward the tall 
flamingo wings his flight ; And where 
he sails athwart the sitting beam, His 
scarlet plumage glows with deeper 
light;" Southey, Kehamah, V. i. 1 sqq. 

140. The oryx was a species of ' ante- 
lope' or ' wild goat.' Plin. ii. 40. 46. LU. 
viii. 53 s 79. x. 73 s 94. xi. 46 s 106. 
(HA.) Mart. XIII. xcv. M\. xiv. 14. 
PR. R. 

141. These delicious birds and beasts 
were carved in elm, and divided into 
their proper slices and joints. The several 
pieces were fastened together either by 
slight pegs or weak glue, which gave way 
to the blunt knives used by the professor 
and his pupils. This could not be done 
without some noise. LU. PR. 

142. ' My little novice knows not how 
to take off by the sly a piece of a roe.' 
VS. 

' Or a slice off the breast of a turkey,' 
M. [rather ' of a guinea-fowl;' which 
bird was introduced into America, from 
the slave coast, at the commencement of 
the sixteenth century, A.D. 1508. But 
turkeys are natives only of America, 
and were first imported into Europe from 
Mexico or Yucatan, about the same 
period. From Spain they came over to 
England, A.D. 1524.] gallince Africans 
sunt grandes, varice, gibbera?, quas 
O 



282 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XI. 



Novit avis noster tirunculus ac rudis omni 
Tempore et exiguse furtis imbutus ofellae. 

145 Plebeios calices et paucis assibus emtos 

Porriget incultus puer atque a frigore tutus : 
Non Phryx aut Lycius, non a mangone petitus 
Quisquam erit et magno. Quum posces, posce Latine. 
Idem habitus cunctis, tonsi rectique capilli 

150 Atque hodie tan turn propter convivia pexi. 
Pastoris duri hie est Alius, ille bubulci. 
Suspirat longo non visam tempore matrem 
Et casulam et notos tristis desiderat haedos 
Ingenui vultus puer ingenuique pudoris, 

155 Quales esse decet, quos ardens purpura vestit; 



pi\iot.yffia.s appellant Grceci. hce novis- 
sauce in triclinium ganearium introierunt 
e culina, propter fastidium hominum ve- 
neunt propter penuriam mugno ; Varr. R. 
It. III. ix. 18. Mart. XIII. lxxiii. PR. 
Hor. Ep. ii. 53. Petr. 55. Col. viii. 2. 
pr. Suet. Call. 22. Plin. x. 26 s 38. (HA.) 
Ath. x. 24. xiv. p. 655. R. 

144. ' Initiated.' ER, CI. Cic. Virg. 
JE. vii. 542. (HY.) R. 

' In the thefts of, now and then, a 
small cutlet.' cf. v. 85, note. R. Among 
those who adopt the reading in the text 
are HO. and 0\V. But most of the editors 
prefer/Y tzs* is ; and make subducere ' to 
take off neatly by the carving knife.' In 
this case 1 the skill of the lad is limited to 
the helping his master and the guests 
to slices of a small steak.' LU. Col. xii. 
Mart. XIV. cexxi. PR. M. and G ; who 
is indignant at the imputation of theft 
being thrown out against the character of 
the young rustic. The objection to the 
latter reading, on account of frustum so 
immediately preceding, is of little weight : 
cf. xiv. 70 sq. Lucr. ii. 1156. 1158. 
^Esch. Pers. 255 sq. &c. 

145. Cf. v. 29—48. R. Mart. XIV. 
93—96. PR. 

147. Mango 'a slave-merchant' Pers. 
vi. 76 sqq. FA. from manu and ago, be- 
cause they made up their slaves for the 
market by various tricks ; by drugs, 
amongst others ; Plin. xxi. 26. PR. x. 
50. xxiv. 6. xxx. 5. colorem fuco, et 
verum robur iiiarii sagina nientitur ; Quint, 
ii. 15. cf. v. 56, notes. R. 



148. ' When you want him, speak in 
Latin, for he knows no Greek.' G. 

149. Habitus ; cf. Luc. x. 127 sqq. 
Sen. Ep. 95. Br. V. 12. R. 

Tonsi ; cf. Hor. I S. v. 31. 1 Ep. xviii. 
7. Tib. I. iv. 38. vii. 16. (HY.) R. 

Ne quis, cui recti or est coma, crispulis 
misceatur; Sen. 95. PR. 

150. Ut omnes prcecincti recte pueri 
comtique ministrent ; Hor. II S. viii. 69 
sq. LU. cf. Ov. M. iv. 311. (H.) R. 

152. Suspirure, with an accusative, 
1 to sigh after.' Tib. I. vi. 35. (BK. HY.) 
Hor. Ill Od. vii. 10. (ML) R. It is 
impossible to read these lines without 
being impressed with the most favourable 
opinion of the writer. They are full of 
sweetness and sensibility, qualities which 
Gibbon denied to our author. The young 
neatherd (who seems to be his favourite) 
is mentioned, not only with the warmth 
of a kind master, but with the tenderness 
of an affectionate parent. It would seem 
from what follows (178 sqq.) that Juvenal 
had superintended their education. One 
of the boys could read Homer : the other 
knew no languge but his own. G. 

154. " His look belies his birth; in- 
genuous grace Beams from his eye and 
flushes in his face." G. 

155. ' Such should the sons of noble 
houses be.' SCH. cf. i. 78, note. M. 

Thus Tyrio ardebat murice Icena ; 
Virg. JE. iv. 262. VS. ' Purple' is also 
called ignea; V. Flac. i. 427. flammata; 
Mart. V. xx. 2. Stat. Ach. i. 297. candens ; 
Hor. II S. vi. 102. mixto incema auro ; 



SAT. XI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



283 



Nec pugillares defert in balnea raucus 
Testiculos nec vellendas jam prsebuit alas, 
Crassa nec opposito pavidus tegit inguina gutto. 
Hie tibi vina dabit, diffusa in montibus illis, 

1 60 A quibus ipse venit, quorum sub vertice lusit : 

Nam que una atque eadem est vini patria atque ministri. 
Forsitan exspectes, ut Gaditana canoro 
Incipiat prurire chore- plausuque probatae 
Ad terram tremulo descendant clune puellae, 

165 Irritamentum Veneris languentis et acres 
Divitis urticae. Major tamen ista voluptas 
Alterius sexus : magis ille extenditur et mox 
Auribus atque oculis concepta urina movetur. 
Non capit has nugas humilis domus. Audiat ille 

170 Testarum crepitus cum verbis, nudum olido stans 



Stat. Tfa. x. 60. The same metaphor is 
used in Greek. R. clarus vestis splendor 
purpureai ; Lucr. ii. 51. 

156. ' Nor, with hoarse voice, does 
he exhibit in the baths his robust man- 
hood ; nor have his arms been rendered 
smooth by art, nor does he timidly hide 
his exposed person by the interposition of 
the oil-flask.' iii. 263, note. 

159. Diffusa; v. 30. SCH. vii. 121, 
note. 

162. The Romans were arrived at 
such a pitch of licentiousness that they 
had at their banquets dancing girls from 
all parts of the world. Those from the 
south of Spain (x. 1.) were in high re- 
quest. (Nec de Gadibus improbis puellce 
vibrabunt sine fine prurientes lascivos docili 
tremor e lumbos ; Mart. V. Ixxviii. VS.) 
Their dance is neither more nor less than 
the fandango ; which still forms the de- 
light of all ranks in Spain ; and which, 
though somewhat chastised in the neigh- 
bourhood of the capital, exhibits at this 
day, in the remote provinces, a perfect 
counterpart (actors and spectators) of the 
too free but faithful representation before 
us. G. Id. I. xlii. 12. LU. Ixii. 9. III. 
Ixiii. 5. VI. Ixxi. 1 sqq. XIV. cciii. 
Stat. S.I. vi. 71. Ath. iv. 1 . ut 7ios puella 
ex industria supra naturam mollior canora 
dulcedine et saltationis lubrico, exerceat 
illecebris ; Macr. ii. 1. cf. Liv. xxxix. 6. 
Gell. xix. 9. R. PR. The fashion was 
borrowed from the Greeks : " To supper, 



sir ! . . . All is prepared — the table and 
the couch — With due appurtenance of 
clothes and cushions. Chaplets and 
dainties of all kinds abound : Here rich 
perfumes are seen — there cakes and cates 
Of every fashion, cakes of honey, cakes 
Of sesamus, and cakes of unground corn : 
What more — a troop of dancing 
women fair, And minstrels who may 
chaunt us sweet Harrnodius. Haste, sir, 
I beg you, to the banquet Aristoph. 
Ach. 1050 sqq. MIT. 

163. Lascivus chorus; Tib. II. i. 
88. R. 

166. Urticce ; ii. 128. LU. 

167. ' The softer sex is more ex- 
citable ; and soon its passion stirs, im- 
bibed by ear and eye.' Hor. A. P. 180 
sqq. [Livy xxvii, 51, 1. ED.] 

169 Stultitiam patiuntur opes; Hor. 
I Ep. xviii. 29. LU. 

170. • The clicking of castanets.' h 
rtTi offr^dxoi? x^oTOvtra,' Arist. R. 1301 
sq. These were used both by Spanish 
and by Indian dancing girls. FA. cf. 
Suet. Ner. 20. GR. edere lascivos ad 
Bostica crusmata gestus, et Gaditanis Ul- 
dere docta modis ; Mart. VI. Ixxi. 1 sq. 
Ath. v. 4. bSt»(*.is tpyiffiv, uuDUoli Ttvkf 
c&vri vYii Xvgag xay%vX/ic, ««/ offrgecxa. 
ffvyx^ouovraf , ivgutfjttov [s. iugufaov] *i%ov 
Ttvce ccvanXilt ntg og%oVfc£voif Id. xiv. 9. 
(CAS. SW.) R. The testes were small 
oblong pieces of polished wood or bone, 
which the dancers held between their fin- 



284 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XI. 



Fornice mancipium quibus abstinet; ille fruatur 
Vocibus obscoenis omnique libidinis arte, 
Qni Lacedeemonium pytismate lubricat orbem : 
Namque ibi Fortunae veniam damus. Alea turpis, 

175 Turpe et adulterium mediocribus. Haec eadem illi 
Omnia quum faciant, hilares nitidique vocantur. 
Nostra dabunt alios hodie conviva ludos : 
Conditur Iliados cantabitur atque Maronis 
Altisoni dubiam facientia carmina palmam. 

180 Quid refert, tales versus qua voce legantur? 
Sed nunc dilatis averte negotia curis 
Et gratam requiem dona tibi, quando licebit 
Per totam cessare diem : non feneris ulla 



gers, and clashed in measure, with in- 
conceivable agility and address. The 
Spaniards of the present day are very 
curious in the choice of their castanets ; 
some cost twenty-five or thirty dollars a 
pair ; these are made of the beautifully 
variegated woods of South America. G. 

' Words, which the half-clad slave 
that stands for hire in the foul brothel 
would not use.' M. 

173. Few passages have perplexed the 
commentators more than this, and many 
alterations of the text have been proposed. 
The most simple interpretation perhaps is 
that of VS. ' Who lubricates the pave- 
ment inlaid with Laconian marble by 
spirting from his lips the wines he tastes.' 
FE. SA. cf. Hor. II Od. xiv. 25 sqq. M. 
The green marble of Tajnaius was much 
esteemed, cf. Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 7 s 11. 
(HA.) Prop. III. ii. 9. Tib. III. iii. 14. 
(BK.) stavit et (Heliogabalus) saxis 
Lacedaemoniis ac porphyreticis pla- 
teas hi palatio, quas Antoniniauas vocavit ; 
Lampr. 24. Oval pieces of various co- 
loured marbles, ovatce jigurce, Plin. xxxv. 
1. orbes, Sen. 87. were often inlaid in 
the pavements of their banqueting rooms. 
R. 

In conviviis, quod poculis et pytis- 
7natis effunditur, simul atque cadit, sic- 
cescit ; Vitr. vii. 4. unam ei coenam atque 
ejus comitibus dedi : quod si iterum mihi 
sit danda, actum siet. nam ut alia omit- 
tam, pytissun do modo mihi qtiid vini 
absumsit? sic hoc,dicens; asperum, pater, 
hoc est : aliud lenius sodes vide, relevi dolia 
omnia, omnes serias; Ter. Heaut. III. i. 
46 sqq. R. cf. xiii. 214. 



174. " For there the world a large 
allowance make And spare the folly for 
the fortune's sake. Gaming, adultery, 
with a small estate Are damning crimes, 
but venial with a great ; Nay more than 
venial; witty, gallant, brave, And such 
wild tricks ' as gentlemen should have !'" 
Thus, " In lords a wildness is a noble 
trick And cherish'd in them, and all men 
must love it ;" Beaum. and Fl. Maid in 
the Mill. " So please your majesty, my 
master hath been an honourable gentle- 
man ; tricks he hath had in him, which 
gentlemen have!" Shaksp. All's Well 
that Ends Well, V. iii. The late Lord 
Orford seems to have been somewhat of 
the same way of thinking : of the Duke 
of Wharton he says, he " comforted all 
the grave and dull by throwing away the 
brightest profusion of parts on witty fool- 
eries, debaucheries, and scrapes; which 
may mix graces with a great character, 
but never can compose one !" See viii. 
181 sq. note. G. 

177. Note on vi. 434. Suet. Aug. 74. 
ER. and CI. Cic. acroama. R. Of At- 
ticus, C. Nepos says, nemo in convivio 
ejus aliud acroama audivit, quam ana- 
gnosten : quod nos quidem jucundissimum 
arbitramur. neque umquam sine aliqua 
lectione apud eum coznatum est, ut non 
minus animo quam ventre convivce delec- 
tarentur. G. 

178. Komer shall be read aloud, cf. 

vii. 153. M. 

179. Note on vi. 436. M. 

181. Thus Horace addresses Maecenas ; 
mitte civiles super urbe curas ; III Od. 

viii. 17. LU. 



SAT. XI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



285 



Mentio nec, prima si luce egressa, reverti 
185 Nocte solet, tacito bilem tibi contrahat uxor, 
Humida suspectis referens multicia rugis 
Vexatasque comas et vultum auremque calentem. 
Protenus ante meum, quidquid dolet, exue limen : 
Pone domum et servos et quidquid frangitur illis 
190 Aut perit: ingratos ante omnia pone sodales. 
Interea Megalesiacae spectacula mappae 
Ideum solenne colunt similisque triumpho 
Praeda caballorum Praetor sedet ac, mihi pace 
Immensae nimiaeque licet si dicere plebis, 
195 Totam hodie Romam circus capit et fragor aurem 
Percutit, eventum viridis quo colligo panni. 



184. The want of delicacy in this 
allusion betrays the general depravity of 
those times. R. 

186. Multicia; ii. 66, note. LU. 

187. Cf. Suet. Aug. 39. Cal. 36. LU. 
Ner. 38. GR. 

188. ' Divest yourself of;' M. cf. Sil. 
i. 38. vii. 496. Claud. Cons. Hon. iii. 
157. R. " Your eye in Scotland Would 
create soldiers, make our women fight 
To doff their dire distresses;" Shaksp. 
Macbeth, IV. iii. 

189. 1 Banish from your thoughts.' 

191. ' You may just as well make it 
a holiday : all the world is at the Circus : 
you would find no one with whom to 
transact business of any kind.' PR. 

Megalesiaccz : cf. vi. 69, note. PR. 

Mappce. Nero, being told while he 
was at table, how anxiously the people 
were expecting his arrival as the signal 
for the commencement of the games, had 
the napkin, with which he had wiped his 
hands, thrown out of window, to give 
notice that he had dined, and would soon 
be at the Circus. Ever since which, the 
hanging out of a napkin from the praetor's 
house was the signal for the commence- 
ment of the games. Cassiod. iii. 51. CAL. 
Suet. Ner. 22. Mart. XII. xxix. PR. 
Tert. de Sp. 16. T. Manil. ii. 189. (JS.) 
Quint. Inst. O. I. v. 57. (SPA.) R. 

192. « Of Ida.' cf. Virg. JE. ix. 80 sqq. 
617 sqq. (HY.) R. 

Triumpho i. e. triumphanti: x. 36 sqq. 

193. Prada i. e. ' eaten up, as it were, 
by horses,' « falling a victim to the ruinous 



expenses of the games.' i. 59 sq. notes. 
Tac. An. i. 15. (LI.) Claud. Fesc. 11. 

Compare aXX' ob ^vvuf&at 

xat Qotrvris xa) rav %gi6uv~ Arist. N. 
12 sq. and the whole of that opening 
scene. 

Pace ' without offence/ PR. 

195. Note on iii. 223. R. The passion 
of the Romans for the games of the 
Circus continued in after times. The 
following vivid and accurate picture is 
drawn after Amm. Marc. xiv. 6. " The 
impatient crowd rushed at the dawn of 
day to secure their places ; and there 
were many who passed a sleepless and 
anxious night in the adjoining porticos. 
From the morning to the evening, care- 
less of the sun or of the rain, the spec- 
tators, who sometimes amounted to the 
number of 100,000, remained in eager 
attention, their eyes fixed on the chariot- 
eers, their minds agitated with hope and 
fear, for the success of the colour which 
they favoured : and the happiness of Rome 
appeared to hang on the event of a race ;" 
Gibbon. G. 

' A burst of applause.' Quint, viii. 3 
pr. Sen. deTr. An. 2. (LI.) Sil. iii. 694. 
iv. 7. V. Flac. i. 743. ii. 91. v. 273. 
Ov. F.iii. 741. Quint. Decl. 301. (BU.) 
R. 

196. Eventum ' the success' ' the vic- 
tory.' VS. 

Viridis panni ; cf. vi. 590, note, mirar 
tot millia virorum tarn pueriliter idemtidem 
cupere currentes equos, uisistentes curribus 
homines videre. si tamen aut velocitate 



286 THE SATIRES sat. 

Nam si deficeret, moestam attonitamque videres 
Hanc urbem, veluti Cannarum in pulvere victis 
Consulibus. Spectent juvenes, quos clamor et audax 

200 Sponsio, quos cultae decet adsedisse puellse ; 
f Spectent hoc nuptae juxta recubante marito,f 
f Quod pudeat narrasse aliquem praesentibus ipsis.f 
Nostra bibat vernum contracta cuticula solem 
Effugiatque togam. Jam nunc in balnea, salva 

205 Fronte, licet vadas, quamquam solida hora supersit 



equorum aut hominum arte traherentur, 
esset ratio nonnulla. at nunc favent panno, 
pannum amant ; et si in ipso cursu medio- 
que certamine hie color illuc, Me hue 
transferalur, studium favoi-que transibit, 
et repente, agitatores Mos, equos Mos, quos 
procul noscitant, quorum clamitant nomina, 
relinquent : tunta gratia, tanta auctoritas 
in una vilissima tunica ; Plin. Ep. ix. 6. 
siveneto pr a sino-ve faves, qui coc- 
c in a sumis, ne fias ista transfuga sorte, 
vide ; Mart. XIV. exxxi. micant colores, 
alb us, velve net us, v ir ens, rube us- 
que .... hortanturque obiter, juvantque 
blandis ultro plausibus .... dictant qua- 

drupedantibus furorem impellunt, 

trepidant, trahunt, repugnant, ardescunt, 
saliunt, timent, timentur ; Sidon. Ap. 
xxiii. PR. cf. Suet. Cal. 55. Ner. 22. R. 
Dio lxxvii. 4. G. 

197. « If it were to fail.' VS. Cassiod. 
Ep. iii. 51. Priscian, viii. R. 

198. ' On Cannse's dusty field.' ii. 
155. PR. ventus, quern Vulturnum incolce 
regionis vocant, adversus Romanis coortus, 
innlto pulverein ipsa ora volvendo, pros- 
pectum ademit ; Liv. xxii. 46. FA. and 
43. Sil. ix. 491 sqq. R. 

199. ' The consuls* were ^Emilius 
Paulus and Terentius Varro. VS. 

200. " Betting, "qu&rit, po si to pig- 
nore, vincat uter ; Ov. A. A. i. 168. T. 
Tcrt. de Sp. 16. R. 

We often find infinitives subjoined in 
this manner to one or more nouns, espe- 
cially in Greek : me nec femina, nec puer, 
nec spes, nec certare juvat, nec vincire ; 
Hor. IV Od. i. 29 sqq. R. Id. I Od. i. 
19 sq. ii. 49 sq. Virg. JE.ix. 775 sq. (in 
G. i. 25 sq. the verb precedes ;) Horn. 
II. K 174. Her. i. 54. Xen. An. I. 
ii. 27. 

202. It was almost impossible to fre- 
quent the Circus without witnessing scenes 



of profligacy unfit for the eyes or ears of 
any modest woman. Ov. A. A. i. 135 — 
170. Tr. ii. 280 sqq. Hence the fathers 
of the church denounced its licentiousness 
in strong terms. HN. 

203. He alludes to that s u n ni n g of 
themselves, of which old men are so 
fond. Pers. iv. 18. LU. ib. 33. v. 179. 
(K.) totosavida cute combibe soles; 
Mart. X. xii. Plin. H. N. xxi. 14. Ep. 
iii. 1. R. 

204. • And escape from the ceremony 
and drudgery of the gown.' LU. cf. iii. 
127. 172. notes. PR. Martial, who had 
withdrawn into Spain soon after the ac- 
cession of Trajan, addresses from his 
retirement a little poem to his friend, 
which sets the misery of this attendance 
in a very strong light : dum tu forsitan 
inquietus erras clamosa, Juvenalis, in 
Subura aut collem domince teris Diana : 
dum per limina te potentiorum sudatrix 
toga ventilat vagumque major Ccelius et 
minor fatigant ; XII. xviii. When we 
recollect our poet's strong sense of inde- 
pendence, we are surprised that he too 
did not retire from this state of slavery ; 
especially as he had property at Tibur, 
and, probably, at Arpinum. He doubt- 
less sacrificed much to the mental plea- 
sures, which could be found in perfection 
only in the capital ; and indeed a mind 
like his, inquisitive, vigorous, and pro- 
foundly reflective, does not appear alto- 
gether suited to retirement. 1 may mis- 
take, but I sometimes think I discover 
striking traits of similarity between our 
author and Dr. Johnson. G. 

205. The forehead is the seat of shame. 
Pers. v. 104. R. The eyes were con- 
sidered so by the Greeks, cf. note on 
opfAKtr Her. i. 37. 

Persicus, being an old man, was allowed 
(by way of indulgence) to take a bath at 



xi. OF JUVENAL. 287 

Ad sextam. Facere hoc non possis quinque diebus 
Continuis, quia sunt talis quoque tsedia vitse 
Magna. Voluptates commendat rarior usus. 



eleven in the forenoon, three hours before 
the usual time ; G. i. 49, note ; Pers. 
iii. 4. PR. and then to come and take an 
early dinner, which might be done with 
propriety on holidays. LU. vi. 418 sqq. 
notes. Tac. An. xiv. 2. (LI.) R. iv. 108, 
note. 

207. Tcedia : because omnibus in rebus 
voluptatibus maximis finitimum est fasti' 
dium ; Cic. de Or. ii. PR. Shakspeare 
has admirably expressed the like senti- 
ment : " If all the year were playing holi- 
days, To sport would be as tedious as to 
work ; But when they seldom come, they 
wish'd-for come ;" K. H. iv. pt. ii. A. 
I. sc. ii. M. and again, " These violent 
delights have violent ends'And in their 



triumph die ; — the sweetest honey Is 
loathsome in his own deliciousness And, 
in the taste, confounds the appetite ;" 
Rom. and Jul. II. vi. G. Compare also 
the speech of the Player-King in Hamlet ; 
111. ii. 

208. According to the saying of Chilo, 
p,r!hh ciyav (Arist. Rh. II. xiv. 2.) 
vara juvant ; Mart. IV. xxix. whence 
the Latin adage omne varum carum, vilescit 
quotidianum: LU. et quidem omnia proe- 
clara rara ; Cic. Lael. PR. nulla est 
voluntas qua non adsiduitate sui fastidium 
pariat ; Plin. xii. 17. to yag fib, lav 
vokb, ov rt yi hSu. cf. Sen. de V. B. 
7. Macr. S. vii. 7. Cic. de Or. iii. 25. 
R. 



SATIRE XIL 



ARGUMENT. 

This is the shortest of Juvenal's pieces ; yet it is by no means wanting in 
good passages, some of much moral force ; and many of a pathetic and 
affectionate tendency. 

Catullus, for whom he had conceived a friendship of the liveliest kind, had 
narrowly escaped shipwreck ; and the Poet, whose joy knows no bound 
on the occasion, (a proof of his not being deficient in the " social affec- 
tions,") addresses an exulting letter to their common friend, Corvinus ; 
in which, after acquainting him that he was then about to sacrifice the 
victims he had vowed for the safety of Catullus, 1 — 16. he describes his 
danger and escape. 17 — 82. 

He then gives a most beautiful and animated picture of the private part of 
the solemnity, and of the various marks of gratulation which his house 
exhibits. 83—92. So far we see nothing but the pious and grateful 
friend. 

The Satirist now takes his turn most adroitly and unexpectedly : he re- 
collects that sacrifices are vowed by others, for the preservation of their 
acquaintance ; this leads him to speak with manly confidence of his own 
disinterestedness, which he considers as almost unique; and which he 
opposes, with equal spirit and success, to the base and designing pro- 
mises of the legacy hunters, by whom the sick-beds of the rich and 
childless were constantly surrounded; 93 — 127. and he concludes with 
an appropriate malediction on such heartless and selfish wretches. 
128—130. G. R. 

With the former part of this Satire may be compared Horace I, Odexxxvi; 
II, Ode vii ; III, Ode xiv ; and Catullus, ix. With the latter part, 
Lucian Dialogues of the Dead, v — x. and Horace II, Satire v. Of 
Juvenal's two friends we know nothing. R. 



sat. xii. THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. 289 



Natali, Corvine, die mihi dulcior haec lux, 
Qua festus promissa Deis animalia cespes 
Exspectat. Niveam Reginae ducimus agnam : 
Par vellus dabitur pugnanti Gorgone Maura. 
5 Sed procul extensum petulans quatit hostia funem, 
Tarpeio servata Jovi, frontemque coruscat : 
Quippe ferox vitulus, templis maturus et arae 
Spargendusque mero, quern jam pudet ubera matris 
Ducere, qui vexat nascenti robora cornu. 
10 Si res ampla domi similisque affectibus esset, 
Pinguior Hispulla traheretur taurus et ipsa 
Mole piger nec finitima nutritus in herba, 
Lasta sed ostendens Clitumni pascua sanguis 



1. * Natal day.' cf. Pers. vi. 19. PR. 
xi. 84. Hor. IV Od. xi. 1—20. Virg. E. 
Hi. 76. M. 

2. ' Festal Virg. JE. ii. 249. R. 

' The altar of turf cf. Hor. Ill Od. 
viii. 2—4. M. 

3. ' To Juno.' VS. ast ego, quce diviim 
incedo rcgina ; Virg. M. i. 46. PR. cf. 
Liv. v. 22. xxxix. 3. R. 

1 White' victims were offered to the 
celestials, and black to the infernal 
deities. Hor. I S. viii. 27. Virg. JE. iv. 
61. M. 

Ducere-, 112. x. 65. Ov. M. xv. 114. 
(H.) trahere; 11. ft. ductus cornu 
sacer stabit hircus ad aram: Virg. G. ii. 
395. 

4. ' Minerva,' VS. when she went into 
battle, was armed with the^gis ; whereon 
was Medusa's head, which petrified all 
who looked upon it. cf. Ath. v. 20. LU. 
Horn. 11. E. PR. Virg. M. viii. 435— 
438. M. 

The Gorgons were the three daughters 
of Phorcus and Ceto, Medusa, Euryale, 
and Sthenone. They dwelt in Africa 
near the confines of Mauritania. LU. 
Medusa alone was mortal, and was slain 
by Perseus. PR. cf. Apoll. II. iv. 2 sq. 
and Virg. M. ii. 616. viii. 435. (HY.) 
Hes. Theog. ft. 

5. Victims were led to the altar by 
long and loose cords, that they might not 
appear to be dragged reluctantly, which 
would have been an ill omen. AS. ob- 
servation est a sacrificantibus, ut, si hostia, 
quce ad aras duceretur, fuisset vehementius 

2 



reluctate ostendissetqae., se invitum attari- 
bus admoveri, amoveretur, quia invito deo 
offerri earn putabant ; Macr. iii. 5. PR. 
cf. Hor. Ill Od. xiii. 3 sqq. IV. ii. 54 sqq. 
(JN.) ft. 

6. Cf. vi. 47, note. LU. The Tarpeian 
rock was so called from Tarpeia. M. 
See AN. Sil. x. 432 sqq. (DR.) Hor. I 
Od. xii. 19 sq. ft. 

' Brandishes.' VS. Ov. M.iv. 493. (H.) 
Theoc. iii. 5. Lucr. ii. 320. (W.) R. 

7. Cf. Macr. iii. 1—10. Pft. viii. 169. 

R. 

Templis et avce, by the figure h e n- 
diadis. SCH. 

8. Virg. M. iv. 60 sq. LU. Id. vi. 
244. PR. Hence the Greek epigram 
%%v pi Qoty/is It) pi%av' Ifjuui 'in xttgva- 
(fiogvffu oifffov ivrtffvriTtrou eot, rgxyt, Ovoftivu' 
Anth. i. M. fundit pu rum inter cornua 
vinum; O v. M. vii. 584. R. 

Matre relicta ; Hor. IV Od. ii. 54. R. 

9. Cf. Virg. G. iii. 232 sq. VS. E. iii. 
86 sq. PR. 

10. Cf. Hor. II Od. xvii. 30 sqq. III. 
xxiii. 9—20. IV. ii. 53 sqq. R. 

11. Hispulla; vi.74. LU. 

12. Cf. Hor. Ill Od. xxiii. 11. R. 

13. The waters of Clitumnus, a river 
of Umbria on the confines of Tuscany, 
(now ' the Timia,') were supposed to 
make the cattle which drank of them, 
white. Hence the altars of Jupiter were 
usually supplied with victims from its 
banks. Plin. ii. 7. 103. RU. Virg. G. ii. 
146 sqq. Claud, vi Cons. Hon. 506 sq. 
PR. Prop. II. xix. 25 sq. Vib. Seq. p. 



290 THE SATIRES 

Iret et a grandi cervix ferienda ministro 

15 Ob reditum trepidantis adhuc horrendaque passi 
Nuper et incolumem sese mirantis amici. 
Nam prseter pelagi casus et fulguris ictum 
Evasi densae coelum abscondere tenebrse 
Nube una subitusque antennas impulit ignis, 

20 Quum se quisque illo percussum crederet et mox 
Attonitus nullum conferri posse putaret 
Naufragium velis ardentibus. Omnia fiunt 
Talia, tarn graviter, si quando poetica surgit 
Tempestas. Genus ecce aliud discriminis : audi 

25 Et miserere iterum, quamquam sint cetera sortis 
Ejusdem : pars dira quidem sed cognita multis 
Et quam votiva testantur fana tabella 
Plurima. Pictores quis nescit ab Iside pasci ? 
Accidit et nostro similis fortuna Catullo. 

30 Quum plenus fluctu medius foret alveus et jam, 



101 sqq. (OB.) Plin. Ep. viii. 8. R. 
This letter is a perfect model of simpli- 
city, elegance, and taste. G. 

14. Iret ' should flow.' SCH. 

' The minister' was called popa. RU. 
cf. Pers. vi. 74. R. 

15. Horret adhuc animus manifestaque 
gaudia differt, dum stupei et tanto cuncta- 
tur credere volo ; Claud, de B. G. 8 sq. G. 

18. Cf. Acts xxvii. 20. M. 

19. * The electric fluid,' ignis Helence, 
or, as the French call it, le feu Saint- 
Elme. cf. Plin. ii. 37. {HA.) Stat. Th. 
vii. 792 sqq. (B.) R. See Ariel's second 
speech in Shaksp. Temp. 

21. Attoniti are those 9111 vivi stupent 
et in totum sibi excidunt ; Sen. N. Q. ii. 
27. R. 

22. For in case of shipwreck many 
might get safe to land. cf. Acts xxvii. 44. 
M. 

23. Poetica; for instance, Horn. Od. 
E. Virsr. .E. i. and iii. Ov. M. xi. PR. 
$tri<rzt yu.^ tots (0 ovyy^utpivi) Toinrtxov 
Tivrg uv'iftov Itfovgisccrovros <rcc axcirnz. 
x t. X. Luc. de Hist. Scr. t. iii. p. 405. 
x.u) tl rt ffs a.X\o o\ l/xfigovrwroi Troinrcti 
xxXovtri. Kct.) /u.xXnrrcc orccv avo^utn irgos 
ra. [Ai<r(>a. clvuvru yct(> tuvto. Xr^o? '/tin 
avccvr'if'/ivi xcc) zctTvcs -romrifios KTi^vu;, 

rou Ttx.ra.you rziiv ovof&druv J(/.Timon. 
pr. cf. Evnd. Jov. Trag. 6. R. 



24. Stat. Th. xii. 349. (B.) R. 

27. Persons in peril of shipwreck often 
vowed to some deity a painting of their 
dangers and escape, in case they got safe 
to land. VS. LU. cf. Pers. i. 89. PR. 
Hor. 1 Od. w.fin. M. xiv. 302. 

28. The hatred, which our author 
bears to this exotic deity, breaks out on 
all occasions. It is singular, that an 
Egyptian goddess, whose genuine wor- 
shippers at home held the sea and every 
thing connected with it in abhorrence, 
should be fixed upon at Rome for the 
tutelar power of that element. In con- 
secrating votive tablets to Neptune, there 
was some propriety : but Isis not only 
trenched upon his prerogative but on 
those of Apollo, /Esculapius, &c. Cat. i. 
3 sq. The unbounded attachment of the 
women to her, seems to have finally 
seduced the men ; and this strange divi- 
nity (whose temples were little better 
than marts of debauchery) was suffered 
to usurp by rapid degrees, the attributes 
of almost every other gnd. We learn 
from Propertius that the temples were 
profaned with pictures of a much worse 
character. G. cf. vi. 489. LU. Hor. 
A. P. 19 sqq. PR. Her grand feast 
at Rome was called hidis nuvigium ; 
Lact. Inst. i. 11. Apul. M. xi. p. 367. 
R. 



SAT. XII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



291 



Alternum puppis latus evertentibus undis 

Arboris incertae, nullam prudentia cani 

Rectoris conferret opem ; decidere jactu 

Coepit cum ventis, imitatus castora, qui se 
35 Eunuchum ipse facit, cupiens evadere damno 

Testiculi : adeo medicatum intelligit inguen. 

" Fundite, quae mea sunt," dicebat, " cuncta," Catullus, 

Praecipitare volens etiam pulcerrima, vestem 

Purpuream, teneris quoque Maecenatibus aptam, 
40 Atque alias, quarum generosi graminis ipsum 

Infecit natura pecus, sed et egregius fons 

Viribus occultis et Baeticus adjuvat aer. 

Ille nec argentum dubitabat mittere, lances 



31. Puppis here means ' the stern' or 
a ft part of the ship, h <tqv(&vyi : as medius 
alveus is ftitrv vnvs ' the midship ;' both 
are distinguished from • the fore 
ship;' note on Her. i. 1. anchor a de 
prora jacitur ; stant litore puppes; 
Virg. JE. iii. 277. h [Av TgagK i^titratra 
ejunvsv aaaXivrat , h XQUftva. IXvsto uto 
vris Bias ruv %vf&u.rtvV Acts xxvii. 41. 

32. Arboris ' of the ship;' Ov. Her. 
xii. 8. R. Thus %p"ka is put for vjJsj, note 
on Her. viii. 100. and ' a ship' is called 
Vo^u thuXtov Pind. P. iv. 47. 68. mean- 
ing ' a tree stripped of its bark whence 
te^v also means ' a spear.' 

Instabilis ; Virg. G. iv. 195. R. 

33. ' To compound.' Job ii. 4. M. 
' to settle the affair in dispute.' LU. 

34. This anecdote of ' the beaver' is 
asserted ; Plin. viii. 30 s 47. xxxvii. 6. 
(HA.) Sol. 23. but denied on competent 
authority ; Plin. xxxii. 3 s 13. LU. cf. 
Sal. xv. 484 sqq. Arist. H. A. vii. 5. JEl. 
H. A. vi. 33 sq. Diosc. ii. 23. 26. (Pliny 
relates a similar story of the elephant's 
teeth : viii. 3 s 4.) R. Pers. v. 135. PR. 
The sebacious matter, called in pharmacy 
casloreum, is secreted by two glands near 
the root of the tail. Brown's Vulg. Err. 
iii. 4. M. This, though an idle fable, 
makes a very good illustration in our 
author's hands. The same use of it is 
made in Sapor's letter to Constantius : 
Ammian. xvii. 5. G. 

37. Acts xxvii. 18 sq. PR. and 38. R. 
Jooah i. reiovrov Vi ri tnipfiutvu xa.) <xi(n 
ru; iv ro7{ ^uf^ucnv i*/5aX*s * ocrXu; fAv 
ya,(> otitis awofiukkirai ixwv, In) outyi^u, 



Tt a.vrov xu) tuv Xofffwv atfavra ol vouv 
iXovris' Arist. Eth. iii. 1/ 

39. Macenatibus ; i. 66. LU. 

40. There is not, perhaps, much more 
foundation for this fact, than for that 
mentioned in v. 34. the belief of it, how- 
ever, was very general ; and this is suf- 
ficient for the poet. Martial frequently 
speaks of this singular property of the air 
and water of Baetica (Andalusia) in 
staining the fleeces of the sheep kept 
there, with a bright yellow or golden hue : 
and Virgil, long before him, had men- 
tioned this faculty of communicating 
colours to the " flocks at feed," as one of 
the blessings of that golden period, which 
was to commence with the arrival of 
young Pollio at man's estate, (ipse sed in 
pratis aries jam suave rubenti murice jam 
croceo mutabit vellera luto ; sponte sua 
sandy x pascentes vestiet agnos ; E. iv. 43 
sqq. PR.) The truth of this was not 
ascertained, because the youth, whoever 
he was, died too soon : but as nature is 
invariable, methinks the wool of Anda- 
lusia should be as rich in native grain 
now, as heretofore: perhaps it is so : the 
Spanish shepherds, however, do not trust 
to this : they stain the fleeces of their 
sheep at present with a kind of ochre : pro- 
bably they always did so ; and this, after 
all, may be the secret, G. cf. Plin. viii. 48. 
LU. Mart. \ r . xxxviii. 7. VIII. xxviii. 5. 
6. IX. lxii. XII. c. XIV. cxxxiii. PR. R. 

42. P.atis is now * the Guadalquivir,' 
PR. i. e. (in Arabic) Wady al Kabyv 
' the great river.' R. 

43. Argentum ; i. 76. R. 



292 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XII. 



Parthenio factas, urnae cratera capacem 
45 Et dignum sitiente Pholo vel conjuge Fusci. 
Adde et bascaudas et mille escaria, multum 
Cselati, biberat quo callidus emtor Olynthi. 
Sed quis nunc alius, qua mundi parte, quis audet 
Argento praeferre caput rebusque salutem ? 



44. ' By Parthenius,' a sculptor, VS. 
of whom we know nothing, cf. iii. 91, 
note. R. 

The urna contained 4 congii or 24 
sextarii. RU. vi. 426. R. 

Crater; cf. Hor. Ill Od. viii. 13. 
xviii. 7. R. ii. 87, note. 

45. Pholus was one of the Centaurs. 
VS. Diodor. v. 2. J. tncvKQuov 5t kaficuv 

T7tv lvi(r%op.tvos to pa, ol <xa^i6v\Ki ^<PoXoi) 
KigK<raf Stesich. in Ath. xi. 14. GR. 
Apoll. II. v. 4. Virg. G. ii. 455 sqq. V. 
Flac. i. 337 sq. Stat. Th. ii. 564. R. 

Cornelius Fuscus is mentioned, iv. 112. 
LU. but this is more probably Aurelius 
Fuscus : xvi. 46. Plin. Ep. vii. 9. (Mart. 
VII. xxviii. ill.) Some suspect the lady 
to be Saufeia ; vi. 320 sqq. ix. 117. R. 
The Roman writers take frequent notice 
of the immoderate love of the women for 
wine. The following passage is very 
humorous, and withal so ardent, that I 
doubt whether the most brain-sick lover 
ever poured out such genuine strains of 
rapture to his goddess, as the bibulous old 
lady before us lavishes on her darling 
liquor : Jlos veteris vini meis naribus objec- 
tus est : ejus amor cupidum me hue prolicit 
per tenebras : ubi, ubi est? prope me est. 
evai ! Iiabeo, salve unime mi. Liberi lepos; 
ut veteris vetusti Cupida sum! nam omnium 
unguentum odor prce tuo nautea est: tu 
mihi stacte, tu cinnamomum, tu rosa, tu 
crocinum et casia es, tu bdellium : nam 
ubi tu profusus, ibi ego me pervelim sepul- 
tam ! Plaut. Cure. I. ii. G. 

46. Barbara de pictis veni bascauda 
Britannis,sed me jam mavult dicere Roma 
suam; Mart. XIV. xcix. LU. These 
* baskets' (almost the only manufacture 
of our simple ancestors) seem to have 
excited the admiration, if not the envy of 
the Romans, by the beauty of their work- 
manship. It is curious to observe how 
greatly the most savage nations excel in 
this kind of rush-work. Vaillant speaks of 
some baskets which he found among the 
people of Caffraria ; and our navigators 



have brought from the new-discovered 
isles, specimens of art in this branch, 
which our expertest basket-makers would 
strive in vain to equal. It is some little 
compliment to our forefathers, that their 
conquerors adopted the name with the 
article, which must have borne a high 
price, if we may judge from the value of 
the precious effects among which it is 
enumerated. G. " Basket, Bascauda, 
a basket ; basket dorn, a hand-basket ; 
an ancient British word, as you may 
see in Martial, &c." Pryce, Archaeol. 
Cornu-Brit. 

47. Philip of Macedon bribed Las- 
thenes and Eurycrates to betray Olynthus 
into his power. Because he ever after- 
wards spoke of them as traitors, they hung 
themselves. VS. cf. Demosth. 01. Thuc. i. 
58 sqq. Diodor. xvi. 53 sq. Philip bought 
many cities in this way ; Sen. Ep. 94. 
Once when he was about to attack a 
certain castle, the scouts brought him 
word that the road was impracticable ; 
the king immediately asked u ^aXtvov 

SUT6JS iffriV, UffTi (tXlV QVOV •X(>0<TtX6iiv 

cr/ov xoftigovret' Plut. Apoph. t. ii. p. 178. 
Cic. Att. i. 16. R. He used to sleep 
with a gold cup under his pillow : Plin. 
xxxiii. 3. PR. The assassination of 
Philip by Pausanias took place, B. C. 
336. M. 

' Wily.' blandus pariter et insidiosus 
alloquio, qui plura promilteret, quam 
proesturet, in seria et jocos ariifea, §c. 
Just. ix. 8. PR. It was said of him that 
what he could not conquer by iron, he 
won by gold. M. 

Olynthus was a very consequential 
town of Thrace, in the neighbourhood of 
Macedonia, PR. and a dependency of 
Athens. Xen. H. G. v. p. 433 sqq. Q. 
Curt. viii. 8 sq. 19. C. Nep. Pel. I. R. 

48. Aristippus, the philosopher, being 
on board a ship with pirates, threw all 
his money overboard secretly, lest if they 
discovered it, they should throw him into 
the sea to get possession of his wealth, 
M. 



SAT. XII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



293 



50 f Non propter vitam faciunt patrimonia quidamf 
f Sed vitio cseci propter patrimonia vivunt.f 
Jactatur rerum utilium pars maxima : sed nec 
Damna levant. Tunc, adversis urguentibus, illuc 
Recidit, ut malum ferro submitteret, ac se 

55 Explicat angustum. Discriminis ultima, quando 
Praesidia afferimus navem factura minorem. 
I nunc et ventis animam committe, dolato 
Confisus ligno, digitis a morte remotus 
Quatuor aut septem, si sit latissima tseda ! 

60 Mox cum reticulis et pane et ventre lagenae 
Adspice sumendas in tempestate secures. 
Sed postquam jacuit planum mare, tempora postquam 
Prospera vectoris fatumque valentius Euro 



50 sq. These lines are condemned by 
BY, and defended by ACE. The two 
preceding lines also are objected to by 
G. For quidam we should probably read 
quique. R. 

' Most men mistake the means for the 
end.' cf. viii. 84, xi. 11, notes, oh ya(> 

0VTOJ 70V wX0V7i7v l(>Ct)fflV , OJS TOD 0*101 TO 

vrXowruv iho* at p on^c Qai. xai ovtu tX %x, u > 
[triSiv o''P$Xos uvai vrtgixaXkous otxlaf tw 
0IK0VVTI, (AY^X XQVffCV xai iXiipavTos, U 
(lyi tis aura tiavftd^oi' Luc Nigr. 23. 
R. 

53. After levant we must either un- 
derstand navem (cf. Virg. M. i. 145. 
HK.) or discrimen, as damna is the nomi- 
native. R. 

54. Recidit: cf. Livy [xxx, 42, f. ED.] 
xliii. 6. (GRO. DR.) Tac. An. iii. 59. and 
Suet. Claud. 9. (ER.) Ov. Her. xiv. 46. 
and Claud. B. G. 44. (H.) The syllable 
re- is common when prefixed to verbs 
beginning with a consonant, and short 
when it precedes a consonant inserted to 
avoid hiatus, as redeo redoleo, &\c. Prop. 
IV. viii. 44. (H. BK.) Sil. i. 309. (DR.) 
Manil. i. p. 48. and Prop. II. xxiv. 
(JS.) R. ' It came to that pass.' M. 

' To the axe.' M. 

' And extricates himself when strait- 
ened.' LU. 

55. ' The jeopardy is extreme, when 
we employ remedies which will mutilate 
and cripple the ship.' MA. LU. 

56. Bonhtais i%£uvro- Acts xxvii. 17. 



57. I nunc; vi. 306. Sen. Med. 650. 

R. 

Ventis. cf. Hor. I Od. iii. 9—24. M. 
Pros. III. vii. 29 sqq. Ov. Am. iii. 2. 
and Phaidr. IV. vi. 8. (BU.) Grat. p. 
45. (B.) Sen. Med. 304. R. 

58. " Trust to a plank, and draw pre- 
carious breath, At mo^t, seven inches 
from the jaws of death!" G. Anacharsis, 
on hearing tzttu^ o*axrv\ov{ uvat to 
Ta%os rrii vsus, observed rorourov tiavarov 
tov; vXiovrcti avs%stv Laeit. i. SCH. 
Hence a ship is called r^dxrvkov gvXay 
tivxmV D. Chrys. Or. lxiv. cXtyov IX ha 
%6\o» "Ai'S" igvxu' Arat. Phasn. 300. 
parva materia sejungit fata ; Sen. Contr. 
iii. potuit tenui fidere ligno, inter vita 
mortisque vius nimium gracili limite ducto ; 
Sen. Med. 306 sqq. cf. xiv. 288. Ov. 
Am. II. xi. 25 sqq. Anth. Gr. t. ii. pt. 2. 
p. 55. (J A.) R. On the other hand, it 
has been wisely remarked, erras si navi- 
gatione tantum existimas minimum esse, 
quo a morte vita diducitur ; in omni loco 
ceque tenue intervallum est ; Sen. Ep. G. 

59. Tceda < the deal.' VS. 

60. ' With wallets Hor. I S. i. 47. 
Pers. v. 140. LU. 

61. ' Look after,' « provide.' PR. 

62. Jacuit is opposed to surrexit : cf. 
Virg. E. ii. 26. (HY.) Sil. v. 583. (H.) 
R. xvfjcot * a wave' is akin to the Hebrew 
Dip ' to rise.' 

63. The destinies (iii. 27. ix. 135 sq. 
PR. x. 252. ill.) were more mighty than 
the deities: Sil. v. 76. 406. R. 



294 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XII. 



Et pelago, postquam Parcae meliora benigna 
65 Pensa manu ducunt hilares et staminis albi 
Lanificas, modica nec multum fortior aura 
Ventus adest: inopi miserabilis arte cucurrit 
Vestibus extends et, quod superaverat unum, 
Velo prora suo. Jam deficientibus Austris, 
70 Spes vitae cum sole redit : turn gratus Iulo, 
Atque novercali sedes praelata Lavino, 
Conspicitur sublimis apex, cui Candida nomen 
Scrofa dedit, laatis Phrygibus mirabile sumen 
Et numquam visis triginta clara mamillis. 
75 Tandem intrat positas inclusa per aequora moles 
Tyrrhenamque Pharon porrectaque brachia rursum, 
Quae pelago occurrunt medio longeque relinquunt 



65. The phrase ducere pensa alludes 
to the action of the spinster, who ' draws' 
the wool, or flax, from the distaff as she 
spins it ; this she continues, till ' the 
task' assigned her is finished, cf. Hor. Ill 
Od. xxvii. 63. M. 

' Cheerful." M. cf. Tib. III. iii. 35. 
(BK. HY.) Sil. i. 261. 7?. 

It was a poetical fiction that the Fates 
spun * white' or black * yarn' according 
as a mortal's lot was prosperous or ad- 
verse, ultima volventes orubat pensa 
sorores, ut trah event parva stamina 
pull a mora ; Mart. IV. lxxiii. 3 sq. LU. 
si mihi I a n ifi c ce d u cunt non pu 11 a 
soroves stamina ; VI. lviii. 7 sq. PR. 
Hor. II Od. iii. 16. R. 

67. ' In piteous plight she made her 
way by a poor contrivance.' M. See 
notes on oc.vayx.a7os' Thuc. ii. 70. v. 8. 
vi. 37. by liloomfifcld. 

68- ' With the crew's garments spread 
out to catch the breeze.' LU. cf. Tac. 
An. ii. 24. R. 

Supevare is used for supevesse. PR. 
solus superabat Acesies ; Virg. M. v. 519. 
M. 

69. ' The fore-sail,' M. which was 
called dolon ; the main-sail was artemon, 
and the mizzen-sail epidromus. PR. 

' The south winds' were very violent 
on the coasts of Italy, cf. Hor. I S. i. 6. 
Ill Od. iii. 4 sq. 1 Od. iii. 14—16. M. 

70. Thus Neptune collect as fugat nubes 
solemque rcduc.it; Viig. IE. i. 143. R. 

71. Alba Longa, iv. 61, note, was 
founded by lulus, the son of iEneas and 



Creusa, who left Lavinum (now « Citta 
Lavinia') to his step-mother Lavinia. VS. 
FA. PR. Liv. i. 1.3. Virg. IE. i. 2. 267 
sqq.andTib.II.v.49.(flY.) R. Though 
twenty miles from the coast, it formed a 
conspicuous land-mark. G. 

72. Cf. Virg. IE. iii. 388 sqq. viii. 42 
sqq. 81 sqq. (HY.) Varr. R. R. ii. 4. 
LU. PR. R, 

73. Cf. vi. 177, note. M. 

Sumen ; xi. 138. R. Pers. i. 53. PR. 

74. Numquam ; understand antea. 
LU. 

' Thirty teats with a pig at each.' M. 

75. Portum Oslice exstruxit, circum- 
ducto dexlva sinistraque brachio, et ad 
introitum profunda jam solo mole objecta, 
quam quo stabilius fundaret, navem ante 
detnerbit, qua magnus obeliscus ex JEgypto 
fuerat advectus, congeatisque pilis supev- 
posuit altissimam turrim in exemplum 
Alexandrini Phari, lit ad nocturnos ig)tcs 
cursum nuvigia dirigevent ; Suet. Claud. 
20. This grand undertaking employed 
30,000 labourers for eleven years. LU. 
cf. V. Flac. vii. 84 sqq. (BE7.) R. Dio 
gives a very rational account of the 
motives which induced Claudius to exe- 
cute this stupendous work ; which seems 
to have been highly necessary for ensur- 
ing the regular supplies of Rome. G. cf. 
Tac. An. i. 18. 

76. Cf.'vi.83. PR. WE, on P. M.t. v. 
p. 120. 149. Ov. M. xi. 393. xiii. 903. 
R. 

Rursum ' on her return,' M. or 1 still 
further' ?". e. than the light-house. GR. 



SAT. XII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



295 



Italiam. Non sic igitur mirabere portus, 
Quos natura dedit. Sed trimca puppe magister 

80 Interiora petit Baianae pervia cymbae 

Tuti stagna sinus. Gaudent ibi vertice raso 
Garrula securi narrare pericula nautae. 

Ite igitur, pueri, Unguis animisque faventes 
Sertaque delubris et farra imponite cultris 

85 Ac molles ornate focos glebamque virentem : 
Jam sequar et sacro, quod praestat, rite peracto, 
Inde domum repetam, graciles ubi parva coronas 
Accipiunt fragili simulacra nitentia cera. 
Hie nostrum placabo Jovem Laribusque paternis 



81. Habet prceteriti doloris secura re- 
cordatio delectationem : ceteris vero nulla 
perfuncth propria molestia, casus autem 
atienos sine ullo dolore intuentibus eliam 
ipsa misericordia est jucunda ; Cic. Ep.Dio 
V. 12. PR. v\hv rci cu$'ivrc* (Ai[/,vyi<r6ui tfovuv' 
Eur. And.fr. x. 2. cf. Sen. Ep. 78. Macr. 
vii. 2. R. forsan et hcecolim meminisseju- 
vabit ; Virg. M. i. 207. Lucr. ii. 1 sqq. 
Horn. Od. O 399 sq. Arist. Rh. T. xi. 3. 

" With shaven crowns." G. It was 
the custom in distress at sea to invoke the 
aid of the deities : Jonah i. 5. often with 
the addition of a solemn vow to cut off 
the hair and offer it as an acknowledge- 
ment of preservation. When St Paul 
says, " There shall not an hair of your 
head perish," Acts xxvii. 34. he may 
allude to this custom : as if he had said 
" You need not shave and devote your 
hair, for you shall be preserved without 
doing SO." M. 1$o%m y.oi ovx. aXoyws ocv 
xo£i\voY\<ru.(r6u.i TYtv x,i<pa.\'Av, coavrt^ ol Ix rcHv 
na.vu.ytuv cc-roo-uCivTi; iXzvhgor Luc. Her- 
mot. 86. Anth. Gr. vi. 2S. ep. 1. Artem. 
Oneir. i. 23. Petr. 63. PTR, Arch. Gr. 
iii. 20. iv. 5. R. It was anciently sup- 
posed that the gods would accept life for 
life, that the voluntary devolement of 
one person would preserve another from 
impending fate; FA. (cf. Eur. Ale. 
Macr. iii. 9. A. PR.) absolute forgive- 
ness was deemed no attribute of the 
heathen divinities. As the world grew 
older, it grew more foolish : it imagined 
that the gods might be shuffled off with 
somewhat less than full payment ; and 
this persuasion gave rise to a thousand 
absurdities, such as the maiming and 
wounding still practised in barbarous 



countries, the sacrifice of some personal 
beauty, the vowing of hecatombs, &c. &c. 
The hair was usually cherished with ex- 
treme care and affection, and therefore 
was not thought unworthy to be tendered 
in a calamity like this, as a vicarious offer- 
ing for the life. This is perhaps the true 
history of these vows. G. Pers. iii. 106, 
note. [Livy xxiv, 16, 11. ED.] 

83. Rebus divinis quce publice jierent, 
ut fa -v event Unguis imperabatur; Cic. 
de Div. i. 102. ib. ii. 83. PR. Hor. Ill 
Od. i. 2. ore fivete omnes ; Virg. JE. v. 
71. M. tvQ'/ipitri' ' silence ! attention !' 
ivip'/i/Az7v is ' to utter words of good omen,' 
and (that words of ill omen may not 
escape) ' to observe a reverential silence.' 
MIT. cf. Theoph. Ch. xix. 3.(CAS.) Hor. 
Ill Od. i. 2. xiv. 11. (MI.) Tib. II. i. 
84. ii. 1. (HY.) R. Eur. Hec. 628—531. 

84. * Garlands.' cf. 91. vi. 51. ix. 85. 
Horn. II. A 39. Virg. JE. iv. 459. R. 
d eluhra deumf e st a velamus frond e ; 
Id. ii. 248 sq. M 

The fire, the head of the victim, and 
the sacrificial knife were sprinkled with 
the sacred meal, which was a mixture 
of flour, salt, and water. PR. (sulsce 
fruges ; Virg. M. ii. 133.) Hence the 
word immo lor. M. 

85. Cf. v. 2. LU. Hor. I Od. xix. 13. 
(ML) R. 

86. ' In due form.' Hor. I Od. xxxii. 
16. IV. iv.25. vi. 37. xv. 28. R. 

88. Cf. notes on x. 55. PR. ix. 137 
sqq. R. renidentes lares ; Hor. Ep. ii. 66. 
They were partly made of ' wax.' LU. 

'Brittle;' or 'easily moulded;' Ov. 
M. xv. 169. ACH. 

89. Cf. Pers. v. 31. LU. viii. 14, note. 



296 THE SATIRES sat. xi 

90 Thura dabo atque omnes violse jactabo colores. 
Cuncta riitent: longos erexit janua ramos 
Et matutinis operatur festa lucernis. 

Nec suspecta tibi sint hsec, Corvine. Catullus, 
Pro cujus reditu tot pono altaria, parvos 

95 Tres habet heredes. Libet exspectare, quis aegram 
Et claudentem oculos gallinam impendat amico 
Tarn sterili. Verum haec nimia est impensa : coturnix 
Nulla umquam pro patre cadet. Sentire calorem 
Si ccepit locuples Gallita et Paccius orbi, 

100 Legitime fixis vestitur tota tabellis 



PR. viii. 110 sq. M.ix. 137 sqq. Hor. 
I Od. xxxvi. 2. III. xxiii. 3. R. 

90. Besides ' the purple and the white 
violet,' there is the viola tricolor (of Lin- 
naeus) or ' p'.msy :' " And maidens call 
it love-in-idleness;" Shaksp. Mids. 
N. Dr. II. ii. the name which it retains 
in the: south of Hampshire. The flower 
there known by the name of 1 hearts- 
ease' is the pollens viola of Virgil, E. x. 
47. cheiranthus cheiri (of Linna?us) or 
' yellow wallflower.' May it not be that 
*' little western flower," amid whose 
blossoms Pindar imbedded the infant 
Iamus! aXX* lyxix^wrro yu.(> er^elvu 
(iarta t iv etT'.i^drco, 'icov QctvDaTcri xa) 
<rafiTo^Cf)v^ois axritrt fitfi^iyfi'ivo; ufi^ov 
ffZft.it' 01. vi. 89—93. 

Cf. Pers. v. 182. (CAS.) Virg. E. ii. 
47. v. 38.x. 39. (TO.) U. 

91. Cf. vi. 51. 79. R. 

92. Malutinis, sarcastically, when 
lamps are perfectly needless. LU. 

Operalur (1) ' is busily engaged :' cf. 
Tib. II. i. 65. iii. 36. and Virg. G. i. 
339. (HY.) Hor. Ill Od. xiv. 16. (BY. 
JN.) R. Or r"2) ' My gate celebrates 
the festivities.' LU. cf. ix. 1 17. Virg. E. 
iii. 77. M. 

In public and private rejoicings lamps 
were suspended to the doors, windows, 
and trees, cf. Sen. Ep. 96. Pers. v. 180 
sq. (CAS. ) nec lucernis diem infringimus ; 
Tertull. Apol. PR. Tac. An. iii. 9. 
Capell.p.31. (GROT.) R. This solemn 
lighting of lamps was, undoubtedly, the 
primal indication of idolatry ; the first 
profane ceremony which took place when 
men fell from worshipping the Father of 
Light, to the adoration of the noblest, 
material object, the sun, of which those 



artificial fires were the most obvious 
symbol. The institution itself, that of 
the Festival of Lamps, shows the univer- 
sality of this specious worship ; as it 
would be difficult to point out a region, 
in which it has not, at one period or 
other, prevailed. It extends even now, 
though the origin and object of it have 
been forgotten for ages, over more than 
half tbe habitable globe. The Christians 
continued it after their conversion from 
paganism : sed luceant, inquit (Christus) 
opera vestra : at nunc lucent iabernce et 
janua nostra:: plures jam invenies Ethni- 
corum Jores sine lucernis et laurels quam 
Christianorum. Tertull. The transition 
of this illumination, from a mark of vene- 
ration to a simple type of joy and fes- 
tivity, is neither singular nor difficult to 
explain. G. DD. 

95. Kaivrjv ya.(> rivet return? n^vnv 
vivorixart, y^auv xa) ytoovruv IgZvns, xa) 
ftdXitrru it clnxvot uiV el o\ tvrtxvei bfjttv 
av'i^atrrer Luc. D. Mort. vi. 3. R. 

4 I should be glad to see.' M. 

06. Cf. xiii. 233. R. 

97. Sterili, (vii. 49.) ironically and 
equivocally ; for the more p rol i f i c, the 
less p r o d u c t i v e is he. BRI. R. 

' Not even a common quail for one 
that is a father !' LU. Varr. R. R. 
III. v. 17. Plin. x. 23 s 33. (HA.) 
R. 

98. « Symptoms of fever.' PR. 

99. Gallita Crispilina; Tac. H. i. 
Paccius Africanus; Id. H. iv. LU. PR. 
cf. vii. 12. R. Might not this latter be 
one of those wealthy misers who paid the 
poet in kind 1 

100. Cf. x. 55, note. Suet. Cal. 14. 
(ER.) FA. 



sat. xii. OF JUVENAL. 297 

Porticus : exsistunt, qui promittant hecatomben, 
Quatenus hie non sunt nec venales elephanti 
Nec Latio aut usquam nostro sub sidere talis 
Belua concipitur ; sed furva gente petita 

105 Arboribus Rutulis et Turni pascitur agro, 
Caesar is armentum nulli servire paratum 
Privato : siquidem Tyrio parere solebant 
Hannibali et nostris ducibus regique Molosso 
I lor am majores ac dorso ferre cohortes, 

110 Partem aliquam belli et euntem in proelia turrim. 

Nulla igitur mora per Novium, mora nulla per Histrum 
Pacuvium, quin illud ebur ducatur ad aras 
Et cadat ante lares Gallitse, victima sola 
Tantis digna Deis et captatoribus horum. 

1 15 Alter enim, si concedas mactare, vovebit 



101. Hecatombs were only offered on 
the most solemn and urgent occasions. 
A hundred altars were erected, and a 
hundred victims simultaneously sacri- 
ficed. The victims properly were oxen, 
but might also be sheep, goats, or any 
other animals. Emperors are said to have 
sometimes offered a hundred lions, or a 
hundred eagles. A. RH. 'Exstropfiti. cf. 
Soph. Tr. 762. (HP.) Herod, i. n. 107, 
LA. R. 

102. ' Elephants' (x. 150.) were first 
seen at Rome, in the war with Pyrrhus, 
A. U. 472. Plin. viii. 6. PR. 

103. On the other hand we read of 
terras alio calenies sole; Hor. II Od. 
xvi. 18. R. 

104. Concipitur ' is generated :' but 
see Colum. III. viii. 3. R. 

Furva; Ov. M. iii. 273. (H.) R. cf. 
xi. 125 sq. PR. 

105. Ardea was the capital of Turnus 
king of the Rutuli. PR. A herd was 
also kept in the Tiburtine land : Mart. 
IV. lxii. VII. xii. R. 

106. Domitian kept this herd for the 
purpose of the games. PR. Plin. viii. 
2. 7. Suet. Ca?s. 37. Dio xlix. p. 574, 
23. (FAB.) R. Casa, in the Punic tongue, 
signified « an elephant.' SV. 

107. Privato; vi. 114, note. R. 
Carthage was founded by Dido with a 

' Tyrian' colony. FA. 

' To obey.' Plin. viii. 7. Q. Curt. PR. 
108. Hannibal; x. 158. VS. 

2 



' Our generals.' Curius Dentatus was 
the first who led elephants in triumph. 
L. Metellus and others did the like. Git. 
Metellus exhibited no fewer than two 
hundred and four of these animals, after 
his victory over Asdrubal. M. Plin. viii. 
6. R. L. Scipio, Pompey's father-in-law, 
employed thirty of them in battle against 
Ceesar. App. B. C. ii. 96. PR. 

Pyrrhus king of Epirus, VS. of which 
country the Molossians were a people. 
In that Tarentine war, elephantos Italia 
primum vidit et boves Lucas appellavit, in 
Lucanis visos a. u. cccclxxii ; Plin. viii. 
6. LU. Just, xviii. 1. PR. 

109. 'A cohort i. 58. GR. 

110. Cf. Cffis. Comm. ^Elian. Philostr. 
1 Maccab. vi. 34 sqq. S. Ambros. Hex. 
vi. 5. PR. 

Ml. Nulla mora ; vi. 333. R. 

Novius and Pacuvius were gentlemen, 
of the same kidney : ii. 58. R. 

112. As ' the elephant' is here called 
ivory, by metonymy; so Virgil calls 
' the ivory,' by synecdoche, elephant: 
G. iii. 26. M. vi. 896. M. 

114. By 'such great gods' he pro- 
bably means ' such opulent patrons.' LU, 
cf. i. 112. 135, note; v. 132, note; &c. 

1 15. Alter i. e. Pacuvius. LU. 
Human sacrifices were offered in Italy 

to Pluto and Saturn in conformity with 
the following- oracle, xa) ztipxkxs "Afy 
xa) rut tar^i sts^Tsts (pura, till Hercules 
tdu^iii them lo substiiute, in the former 

Q 



298 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XII. 



De grege servorum magna aut pulcerrima quaeque 
Corpora ; vel pueris et frontibu3 ancillarum 
Imponet vittas et, si qua est nubilis illi 
Iphigenia domi, dabit hanc altaribus, etsi 

120 Non sperat tragicae furtiva piacula cervae. 
Laudo meum civem nec comparo testamento 
Mille rates : nam si Libitinam evaserit aeger, 
Delebit tabulas, inclusus carcere nassas, 
Post meritum sane mirandum, atque omnia soli 

125 Forsan Pacuvio breviter dabit. I lie superbus 
Incedet victis rivalibus. Ergo vides, quam 
Grande operac pretium faciat jugulata Mycenis. 



case, little pendent images, and, in the 
latter, lighted lamps, as the word Qura is 
equivocal: Macr. i. 7. a. u. dci.vii 
Lentulo et Licinio consulibus, factum s. c. 
ne homo immolaretur ; palamque ad tem- 
pus Mud prodigiosan sacra e.cstitisse. non 
satis astimari potest quantum liomanis 
debeatur, qui monstra sustulere, in quibus 
hominem occidere religiosissimum erat ; 
Plin. xxx. 1. PR. RH. 

118. Thus Sinon represents himself on 
the point of sacrifice ; mihi sacra parari 
et salsa* fruges et circum temp or a 
vittae; Virg. yE. ii. 132 sq. LU. 

« Marriageable :' Hor. Ill Od. vi. 22. 
I Od. xxiii. 11 sq. M. 

119. The Greeks, having killed a hind 
consecrated to Diana, were wind-bound 
at Aulis. The oracle told them that to 
pacify the deity they must sacrifice the 
daughter of their generalissimo. Aga- 
memnon, after a while, gave his reluctant 
consent; but, just as she was on the 
point of being sacrificed, the goddess con- 
veyed her away to the Tauric Chersonese, 
and substituted in her stead a hind. HO. 
Eur. Iph. A. and T. PR. Hyg. F. 98. 
Lycoph. 183. (TZ.) Virg. JE. ii. 116. 
(HY.) Ov. M. xii. 1—38. (BU.) R. 
There is much variation in the story ; cf. 
^Esch. Ag. 39—240. Lucr. i. 85—102. 
which appears founded on Abraham's 
sacrifice of Isaac. 

121 A thousand ships are trifles to a 
will!" G. 

122. Mille, in round numbers. Sil. 
iii. 229. Virg. JE. ii. 198. (HY.) R. 
trroXov 'Agyt'icov %i\iovetvrvir vEsch. Ag. 
44. ( BL.) Ov. M. .xii. 7. 37. 

Libit ina was the goddess of funerals, 



FA. whom Plutarch makes the same 
with Venus : Probl. PR. Libitinam vi- 
tare; Hor. Ill Od. xxx. 7. R. 

123. « His former will.' FA. 

' Hampered in the net, which was set 
for him.' FA. xvgTos' Opp. Hal. iii. 85. 
341 sqq. ix tr%o!vwv \x(Zugiv<!or Theoc. xxi. 

II. sollers piscator ore levem patulo 
texens de vimine nassam, cautius interiora 
ligat mediamque per alvum sensim fastigans 
compressa cacumina vectit ac fraude arc- 
tati remeare foraminis arcet introitu faci- 
lem, quern traxit ab cequore piscem; Sil. v. 
47—52. cf. Cic. to Att. xv. 20. Plaut. 
Mil. II. vi. 98. True. I. i. 21 sq. Cure. 

III. 61. Mart. VI. lxiii. 5 sq. Hor. II 
S. v. 44. I Ep. i. 79. Luc. Tim. 22. D. 
Mort. vi. 4. x. Hermot. 59. R. note on 
x,6t>m- Her. i. 191. 

124. Attributing his recovery solely to 
the vows and sacrifices of Pacuvius. PR. 

125. Forsan is very emphatic ; for 
there is no certai nty after all. R. 

Where one person is left sole heir, but 
few words are needed. BRI. cf. i. 68. R, 
and 40, note. 

126. Virg. JE. i. 46. M. Tac. An.iv.23, 
5. Liv. i. 26, 9. Sail. Jug. 31. (CO.) R. 

'Exeivo; fAv, offTis civ ?i tfort, agvretffa- 

avr\ rov tius Uvppiov, '/] L^of^uvas- v\ Tifitov, 
Msyax Xns ri Mtyrifiu^os, ri IT^jra^es 
{ASTovoftucrfo); , robs fiotrfjv xi<P'/jvora.s ixuvovs 
us uWviXovs a-TofikiTovrccs xotraXiTuv, 
u.'knfes uyovrxs rb <riv6os x. r. X. Luc. 
Tim. 22. R. 

127. Opera* pretium is a metaphor 
taken from hirelings. BRI. [Livy xxv, 
30, 2. ED.] 

As he had before called Pacuvius's 



SAT. XII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



299 



Vivat Pacuvius, quaeso, vel Nestora totum : 
Possideat, quantum rapuit Nero : montibus aurum 
130 Exsequet ; nec amet quemquam nec ametur ab ullo ! 



daughter Iphigenia, 119. so he now styles 
her ' the fair Mycenian,' k Mvxwis : Ov. 
M. xii. 34. R. 

121. Cf. x. 246 sqq. Life is no bless- 
ing to the miser, who starves like Midas 
among heaps of gold, and pines like 
Tantalus in the midst of plenty. BRI. 

Nestor, for ' the age of Nestor Mart. 
X. xxiv, 11. as Nero, for ' the baths of 
Nero;' X. xlviii. 4. Mentor for ' a cup 
of Mentor XL xii. 5. Ov. M. xii. 108. 
(H.) R. 

129. The rapacity of this tyrant was 



proverbial; cf. x. 15. The sums he 
extorted from the provinces under various 
pretences exceed all belief, and almost 
all arithmetic. He gave no office, says 
Suetonius, without the addition of this 
special charge : " Scisquid mihi opus sit ; 
et hoc a<ramus, ne quis quidquam habeat j" 
32. ib. 36. Xiph. PR. M. 

Partarum rerum cequatus cozlo cumulus 
sedem stabilem non habebit ; V. Max. ii. 
9. R. 

130. Sitque miser semper, nec sit mise> 
rabilis ulli; O v. Ib. 117 &c. BRI. 



SATIRE XIII. 



ARGUMENT. 

Calvinus had left a sum of money in the hands of a confidential person : 

no uncommon thing in those days, as there were then no public banks. 

This man, when he came to re-demand it, forswore the deposit. 15 sq. 
The utmost indignation and fury are expressed by Calvinus at this breach 

of trust. 11 — 15. His friend Juvenal endeavours to sooth and comfort 

him under his loss. 7 sqq. 
Such is the simple foundation on which the beautiful structure before us 

is raised ! G. 

The topics of consolation which the Poet employs are these. That the 
fortune of Calvinus was such that the loss could be easily borne : 7 sq. 
13 — 16. and that such acts of dishonesty were nothing extraordinary, 
amid the general depravity of the times, when a man of strict integrity 
would be regarded as a prodigy. 16 — 74. 120 — 173. This universal 
corruption was owing, in Juvenal's opinion, to the absurd notions enter- 
tained respecting the deities, from the opinions of the avowed atheist to 
those of the practical infidel: /5 — 119. He proceeds to deprecate 
revenge as no reparation of harm received, and as unworthy of a man 
and philosopher : 174 — 192. to represent the stings of a guilty con- 
science and the superstitious fears of the guilty as an infinitely greater 
punishment than any other; 192 — 235. and to state, that if the wicked 
are left to themselves, they add crime to crime, till the measure of 
their iniquities is full, when vengeance and retribution infallibly over- 
take them. 236—249. R. 

Juvenal is here almost a Christian : for though his ignorance of " that 
light which was come into the world" (St John i.) did not enable him to 
number among the dreadful consequences of impenitent guilt, the certain 
punishment of the life to come ; yet, on every other topic that can 
alarm or terrify the sinner, he is energetic and awful beyond example. 
Perhaps the horrors of a troubled conscience were never depicted with 
such impressive solemnity as in this Satire. 192 — 198. 210 — 239. 

Bishop Burnet recommended the tenth Satire to his clergy, in his Pas- 
toral Letters : the present is not, indeed, so poetic, so fervid, so majes- 
tical, as that ; but, on the other hand, it enters more into the common 
business of life. All cannot be statesmen and kings ; but all may be 
injured by treachery, and all have need to be reminded, that guilt some- 
times finds its punishment even on this side the grave ! G. 



sat. xiii. THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. 



301 



Exemplo quodcumque malo committitur, ipsi 
Displicet auctori. Prima est haec ultio, quod se 
Judice nemo nocens absolvitur, improba quamvis 
Gratia fallaci Praetoris vicerit urna. 
5 Quid sentire putas omnes, Calvine, recenti 
De scelere et fidei violatae crimine? Sed nec 
Tam tenuis census tibi contigit, ut mediocris 
Jacturae te mergat onus ; nec rara videmus, 
Quae pateris. Casus multis hie cognitus ac jam 

10 Tritus et e medio Fortunae ductus acervo. 
Ponamus nimios gemitus : flagrantior aequo 
Non debet dolor esse viri nec vulnere major. 
Tu quamvis levium minimam exiguamque malorum 
Particulam vix ferre potes, spumantibus ardens 

15 Visceribus, sacrum tibi quod non reddat amicus 



1. Nulla major poena nequitice, quam 
quod sibi ac suis displicet; Sen. Ep. 42. 
R. turpe quid ausurus te sine teste time ; 
Aus. LU. 

2. Semper sceleris in scelere supplicium ; 
Sen. LU. 

3. Romans ii. 14 sq. R. 

4. This can only be understood by a 
reference to the judicial forms of the 
Romans. In criminal causes, the prcetor 
urbanus, who sat as chief judge, put 
into an urn the names of his assessors (a 
kind of jurymen, who, to the amount of 
some hundreds, were annually chosen for 
this purpose), from which he drew out 
the number prescribed by law, usually 
about fifty, who sat by him at the trial. 
When the pleadings were over, they re- 
tired, and deliberated on what had passed. 
On their return, they had each three 
waxen tablets put into their hands, one 
of which was marked with the letter C 
for condemno, 1 guilty ;' another with the 
letter A for absGlio, ' not guilty and the 
third with the letters N L for non liquet, 
' I am doubtful,' or * not proven.' One 
of these tablets each person dropped pri- 
vately into the urn, which was then 
brought to the praetor, who took them 
out, and pronounced sentence according 
to the decision of the majority. In this 
last transaction, a perverse or corrupt 
judge had an opportunity of juggling, 
which the history of those times proves 



he did not always let slip. It is to this 
Juvenal alludes. PR. G. M. Virg. M, 
vi. 432. (HY.) It would seem that the 
dishonest friend of Calvinus h*d been 
nefariously acquitted. R. 

5. Martial mentions an indifferent poet 
named Calvinus Umber; VII.lxxxix.PR. 

6. Sed. ' It is a gross act of dishonesty, 
to be sure ; but, at the same time, &c.' 
Before Juvenal enters upon the guilt of 
the offender, he endeavours to moderate 
the passionate transports of his friend. 
In what follows, lie has almost translated 
Menander : <rv V ov'f uTigfixXXovrei, 
TgiQifA ' , o.Ku'kuru.s ayuta., ra vvv) itrrt 
(/ir^ia ffoi x,ct.Ka' us r avdfittrov vrov kou 

TO XOITTOV IV (p'igi. G. 

8. The metaphor is taken from a ship's 
sinking by being overloaded. M. But in 
that case, the greater the jactura the 1 e s s 
would be the danger of sinking : damna 
levant ; xii. 53. 

10. A metaphor from a ' well-worn* 
path. LU. 

In acervo the metaphor is perhaps taken 
from a heap of spoils, in which articles 
of peculiar rarity or value would be laid 
on the top : these constituted r« axgsSlvut' 
note on Her. i. 86. 

12. Cf. Hor. Ep. x. 17. Sen. Ep. 99. 

R. 

14. Cf. i. 45, note. R. 

15. ' Sacred' on account of the oath 
to which the gods were witnesses. PR. 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XIII. 



Depositum. Stupet hsec, qui jam post terga reliquit 

Sexaginta, annos, Fonteio Consule natus ? 

An nihil in melius tot rerum proficis usu ? 

Magna quidem, sacris quae dat praecepta libellis, 
20 Victrix Fortunae Sapientia. Ducimus autem 

Hos quoque felices, qui ferre incommoda vitae, 

Nec jactare jugum, vita didicere magistra. 

Quae tarn festa dies, ut cesset prodere furem, 

Perfidiam, fraudes, atque omni ex crimine lucrum 
25 Quoesitum, et partos gladio vel pyxide numos ? 

Rari quippe boni : numerus vix est totidem, quot 

Thebarum portae vel divitis ostia Nili. 



16. TLa^cucura&Kxri R. 
Stupet hcec; iv. 119. JR. 

17. Four consuls bearing the name of 
Fonteius Capito are mentioned in the 
public records: (1) in A. U. 720. cf. 
Hor. I S. v. 32. (2) in A. U. 764 or 765. 
(3) in A. U. 811 or 812. cf. Tap. An. 

xiv. 1. Plin. ii. 70 s 72. vii. 20. Suet. 
Cal. 8. (4) in A. U. 819 or 820. If the 
second of these is meant, the Satire would 
be written in the 3rd or 4th year of Ves- 
pasian ; if the third, this will bring the 
date of the Satire as low down as the 2nd 
or 3rd of Hadrian ; if the fourth, it will 
be still later in the same reign, cf. 157. 

xv. 27. R. LI. PR. 

19. Sacris. Of philosophy, Cicero 
says, est donum inventumque deorum .... 
ejus prorsus divinu vis . . . . et animus di- 
vinus, aut dens, &;c. Cic. T. Q. i. 26. PR. 

20. Cf. x. 52 sq. PR. ib. 365 sq. 
valentior omni (intuitu est animus sapientis; 
Sen. Ep. 98. M. phitosophia est inexpug- 
nabilis rriurus, quern Furtuna multis ma- 
chinis lacessitum non traiisit ; ib. 82. 
Cato Fortunce victor; Manil. Pythngoras 
first adopted the name of (ptkoiroQos , that 
of ffo<pbf having got into disrepute. R. 

21. Et hoc ipsum, si inteltigimus, so- 
latium est, cequo animo perdere, quod peri- 
tiLrum erat ; Sen. Ep. 99. SCH. levins 
fit patient ia, quidquid corrigere est nefas ; 
Hor. I Od. xxiv. 19 sq. super anda omnis 

fortuna ferendo est; Virg. iE. v. 710. 
Jeremiah xxxi. 18. M. 

22. A metaphor from restive oxen, 
which endeavour to get rid of the yoke 
by tossing their heads about. M. cf. vi. 
208, note. R. JEsch. Pers. 199 sqq. 



Vita. " To know That which before 
us lies in daily life Is the prime wisdom 
Milton. M. 

Magistra; Ov. Her. xv. 83. (H.) R. 

23. ' What day is not profaned by 
bringing to light instances of all sorts of 
crime?' R. 

25. ' The box,' for ' the poison' therein 
contained. PR. Cic. Ccel. 25. Suet. Ner. 
47. R. ii. 141. 

26. Lucian calls a good man xfipu. 
Ivinv^iTov, and sarcastically adds, v^o 
■7rnXXov tK\i\oivro? Ix. tov (-'tov' owi(> 
ovh" o Avyx-ib; uv i^v^oi ptzl'ius, apsLufiv 
ourco kcc) ftixgo* ov. 0. Sen. Ep. 42 
pr. R, 

Totidem. There is some allusion per- 
haps to the number of the seven sages. 
VS. \o-6\oi f/\v yk(> u,v\Zs, <3"avf oSatr&If 
KctKo'r Anon. Auth. in Ar. Eth. ii. 6. 

27. ' Thebes' in Bceotia, which was 
built by Cadmus, had seven gates : 
tvrdvvkos Qnfin' Horn. II. A 406. Hes. 
O. D. 162. Msc\\. S. c. Th. There was 
also Qti&ai Alyur-Tiai lxaTO/u.irvXor 
Horn. II. I 383. which Busiris built, cf. 
xv. 6. Mel. i. 9. besides several towns 
of less note, bearing the same name. 
LU.R. M. 

The mouths of the Nile were also 
seven : VS. viz. Canopic, Bolbitine, Se- 
bennytic, Phatnitic, Mendesian, Tanitic, 
and Pelusiac. SCH. Strabo xvii. p. 801 
sq. Plin. v. 10 s 11. (HA.) Her. ii. 17. 
Diod. i. 33. Ath. ii. 90. (SW.) whence 
the Nile is called septemfluus : Ov. M. 
xv. 753. septemplex ; Id. v. 187. sep- 
temgeminns ; Virg. M. vi. 801. PR. R. 

' Rich' ' fertilizing.' LU. 



SAT. XIII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



303 



Nona aetas agitur pejoraque saecula ferri 
Temporibus, quorum sceleri non invenit ipsa 

30 Nomen et a nullo posuit Natura metallo. 

Nos homirium Div unique fldem clamore ciemus, 
Quanto Faesidium laudat vocalis agentem 
Sportula. Die senior bulla dignissime, nescis, 
Quas habeat Veneres aliena pecunia? nescis, 

35 Quern tua simplicitas risum vulgo moveat, quum 
Exigis a quoquam, ne pejeret et putet ullis 



28. The Greeks divided the ages of 
the world into distinct periods, to which 
they gave names from the metals, begin- 
ning with the most precious. (1) Gold, 
(2) Silver, (3) The mixed metal called 
"HXtxr^ov, (4) Brass, (5) Copper, (6) 
Tin, (7) Lead, (8) Iron. These being 
now exhausted, there remained but Earth 
or Mud for the race then existing. Ac- 
cording to other authorities, there were 
but five ages, Hes. O. D. 109—208. 
four, Ov. M. i. 89 sqq. three, Arat. 
Phcen. 100 sqq. or two, Virg. G. i. 125 
sqq. LU. PR. R. There are many other 
abstruse interpretations, none of which 
seem satisfactory. Some editors adopt a 
different reading nunc ; BOI, prefers non 
alias. The eight-fold division, above 
given, wants confirmation. R. Accord- 
ing to Pliny (1. 33 sqq. ad Jin.) there 
were eight metals: viz. aurum, ar- 
gentum, as, electrum, orichalcum, stan- 
num, plumbum, ferrum ; see Steph. Th. 
L. Gr. 6102, ed. Valp. Still, I think, a 
more simple plan would be to adhere to 
the common seven-fold division, (espe- 
cially after the reference to seven gates 
and seven mouths,) and to assign the 
following sense to the text as it stands : 
' So much worse is the present age than 
that of iron, that it cannot come next to 
it ; it is at least two degrees worse ; if 
the seventh be iron, this must certainly 
be the ninth: and we have no metal 
whereby to designate it. Though it be 
ferrece proximo, and ferrea is the seventh, 
still I cannot reckon this as other than 
the nin th.' duobus igitnr summis, Crusso 
et Antonio, L. Philippus proximns acce- 
debat, sed longo interval lo tamen proximus. 
itaque eum, etsi nemo intercedebat, qui se 
illi anteferret, neque secundum tamen, 
neque tertium dixerim ; Cic. de CI. Or. 47. 
cf. Hor. I Od. xii. 17—20. 



31. ' Living as we do in such a corrupt 
age, how can we be so foolish as to feel 
or express surprise at any thing that may 
happen V R. pro deum atque hominum 
jidem! was a common exclamation when 
any thing very marvellous occurred; PR. 
M. vsangov rr notes on Her. i. 210. Hi. 
62. [Livyxxii, 14; xxviii, 28. ED.] 

32. Fcesidius we only know from this 
passage. G. 

' The largess finds them tongues to 
cheer him as he pleads.' cf. x. 46. M. 
The orators in those days were inter- 
rupted by shouts of euge! praclare! bene! 
belle! recte! pulcre! trotpS; ! ^(as those of 
modern times by bursts of " Hear ! hear !") 
The obtaining such vehement applause by 
bribes was neither a new nor a singular 
practice. It was adopted by poets as well 
as orators, quod tarn grande ,( oa$u>5\" 
clamat tibi turba togata, non tu, Pomponi, 
ccena diserta tua est ; Mart. VI. xlviii. non 
ego ventosa plebis suffragia venor impensis 
ccenarum et trita munere vestis ; Hor. I Ep. 
xix. 37 sq. laudicoeni sequuntur, con- 
ducti et redemti mancipes, auditores actori- 
bus similes, qui ternis denariis ad laudan- 
dum trahuntur. et tamen crescit indies ilia 
fotditas: in media basilica sportula dantur 
palam ut in triclinia: tanti constat ut sis 
disertissimus: hocpretio subsellia implentur, 
hoc injiniti clamores commoventur. primus 
hunc morem induxit Licinius, ut auditores 
corrogaret; Plin. ii. 14. GR. PR. voiwrris 
Tava^icrTo: aX'/idai strriv IxgTve; . turns 
"Sucrv'ign rob; ax.^oa.trct,f^Uov;. V sevee,- 
yivaitrz'/i kcli v^trricts a/'*«£s crif&T'/}, lis 
alrov rosTTtrco rm l^lfjv juxvifiv Ep. ill El". 

An. t. ii. p. 331. R. 

33. Sportula; i. 95, note. PR. One 
hundred quadrantes amount to twenty 
pence nearly : G. 19§d. Three denarii 
would be nearly two shillings : Is. ll|d. 

Bulla ; 164, note. VS. 



304 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XIII. 



Esse aliquod numen templis arceque rubenti ? 
Quondam hoc indigenae vivebant more, prius quam 
Sumeret agrestem posito diademate falcem 

40 Saturnus fugiens ; tunc, quum virguncula Juno, 
Et privatus adhuc Idseis Jupiter antris. 
Nulla super nubes convivia Ccelicolarum, 
Nec puer Iliacus, formosa nec Herculis uxor 
Ad cyathos, et jam siccato nectare tergens 

45 Brachia Vulcanus Liparsea nigra taberna. 



37. ' Red' with the blood of victims. 
VS. 

38. Quondam ' in the golden age.' cf. 

vi. 1 sqq. LU. 

' The Aborigines.' LU. 

39. Saturn, after he was expelled from 
his throne by Jupiter, taught mankind 
the arts of husbandry. LU. PR. cf. Ov. 
M. i. 89 sqq. M. HY, exc. on Virg. At,. 

vii. and viii. 314-329. This fable is 
founded, probably, on the fall of man and 
his doom to till the ground : Gen. iii. 

40. Before the marriage of Jupiter 
and Juno. LU. Jove nondum barbato; 
vi. 15 sq. M. Juno was Saturn's eldest 
child. 

41. Jupiter was concealed in the caves 
of Ida by his mother Rhea, that Saturn 
might not devour him, as he was bound 
to do by his compact with Titan his bro- 
ther. LU. Cic. N. D. ii. 63 sqq. PR. 
There were two mountains of the name of 
Ida, this in Crete, and another in Phrygia, 
Prop. III. i. 27. {PAS.) A poll. Li. 1. 
extr. (HY.) R. Her. vii. 42, note. 

42. ' There were no banqueting and 
carousals' at that time. LU. 

43. Cf. Prop. IV. viii. 37. Hor. I Od. 
xxix. 8. (ML) R. Cic. T. Q. i. PR. 

Puer ' Ganymede.' VS. v. 59. LU. 

Uxor 1 Hebe,' VS. the goddess of youth, 
and Juno's daughter. Her removal from 
the office of cup-bearer and the appoint- 
ment of Ganymede, was one cause of 
Juno's bitter hatred of the Trojans. LU. 
cf. Pind. N. i. 100—112. 

44. Cyathos ; Her. iii. 130, note. 
These words are very difficult to be 

explained, and have not been understood 
by any of the interpreters. Compare 
however x. 130 sqq. v. 52—62. ZETS. 
T^v w H^a/fl"Tflv th%i r&i ffov viov oivo%os7v 'hf<uv 
^uXtvovra, Ix rr,f xajaivov yixovra, 'Iti tuv 
ffTtvMguv avuTrXiuv, agri tjjv vrvguy^ccv 



atforifsfisvov, xa) an ixuvuv uvtwy tuv 
^axrvXeov Xa/afiuvnv fifta$ <r>jv xuXixa xa) 
lvrio-Tcicrap.ivov; (piXvtrai ftira%b ov ohV av 
'/] [A'h'rrto ffv nhitag (piXn<riia,s btfo <rrii a<r$oXou 
xaTr.6aXufJt.ivov to T^o J ffuvrov. . . . o Tavuftw- 
o*>i; £t xxTaTSjUTrio; avDis is tyiv 
xaSapot yu.^ xa) f/o^o^dxTvXos . x t. X. 
HPA. vvv xa.) %&>Xos, a> Zw. o "HQaio-TOf, 
xa) oi SdxruXoi abrov avufyoi <rn; o~ris xvXt- 
xo;, xa) aefi'oXov (aso-tos \<tti . xa) vavrtas 
opuv auTo'v .... waXui %\ ov% tu^ag Tav- 
Ta, ovh oi <r7riv6rn>is , ovV h xa.fx.tvos afrirgi- 
vr'ov <rs p,h oi/%) t'ivhv <xa£ aVTou Luc. L). 
D. v. 4 sq. and a a i n l^wr/ pzo/aevov, vroX- 
Xnv a\6u.Xnv It) too x^oo-utov i%ovtw ib. 
xv. L. R. Under these circumstances, it 
will be best to content ourselves with the 
most simple exposition : that ' After the 
nectar had been all drained from the 
bowl, Vulcan wiped his arms, black from 
his Lipara;an workshop.' To throw the 
greater ridicule over these celestial com- 
potations, and to make at the same time, 
the widest contrast between Vulcan and 
the fair cup-bearer just mentioned, the 
former is represented as coming hot from 
the forge, and not even having the good 
manners to make himself decent and tidy, 
till the banquet and his services were 
over. He did then make himself so far 
comfortable as to rub the sweat and soot 
off his bare arms, but not till then. [Livy 
iii, 26. ED.] 

* Nectar' the drink of the gods, as 
' ambrosia' was their food, ■poets nectar, 
ambrosiam, epulas comparant ; et aut Ju- 
ventutem aut Ganymedem pocula minis- 
trantem ; Cic. N. D. i. 113. Apul. Met. 
6. Ath. ii. 2. Macr. in S. Sc. i. 12. PR. 
cf. Horn. II. A 597 sqq. Od. I 9 sq. R. 

45. Liparcca; i. 8, note. x. 132. PR. 
cf. Virg. AZ. viii. 416 sqq. (HY.) M. 
Call. H. in Dian. 47. (SP.) Horn. II. A 
594. (KP.) R. 



SAT. XIII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



305 



Prandebat sibi quisque Deus nec turba Deorum 
Talis, ut est hodie, contentaque sidera paucis 
Numinibus miserum urguebant Atlanta minori 
Pondere. Nondum aliquis sortitus triste profundi 

50 Imperium : aut Sicula torvus cum conjuge Pluton ; 
Nec rota nec Furiae nec saxum aut vulturis atri 
Poena ; sed infernis hilares sine regibus umbrae. 
Improbitas illo fuit admirabilis aevo. 
Credebant hoc grande nefas et morte piandum, 

55 Si juvenis vetulo non adsurrexerat et si 



46. This is a severe satire on the Pagan 
Polytheism. PR. cf. Plin. ii. 7. Cic. N. 
D. R. The heathen deities amounted to 
above thirty thousand. M. But our 
author had a further and more important 
end in view; for his satire is directly 
levelled at the frequent apotheoses of the 
Caesars, in which the base and abject 
herd of Rome contentedly acquiesced. 
The deifying of such characters, and of a 
multitude of imaginary beings little less 
odious and contemptible, is alleged by 
implication, as the prime cause of the 
increased depravity of the times. To 
have spoken plainer would have been 
unsafe ; to have left the subject un- 
touched, unlike our author. G. 

47. Cf. Romans i. 21— 32. M. _ 

49. The three sons of Saturn divided 
the world between them. Jupiter ascended 
the throne of heaven, Neptune became 
king of the sea, and Pluto had for his 
domain, the infernal realms. VS. 

50. Pluto married Proserpine (the 
daughter of Jupiter and Ceres) whom he 
carried off from the plains of Henna in 
Sicily. LU. 

' Grim :' 'A<J>jj k{auXi%os 'hV a$<x l uK<r- 
Teg' Touvsxa y.tc't ri (ZgoToTcn hcov e%0t<rros 
aToivruv Horn. 11. I 158 sq. R. 

51. Cf. ii. 149 sqq. R. Ixion was 
bound on a wheel and tormented with 
snakes, for presuming to make love to 
Juno : Hyg. F. 62. LU. 

The Furies (vii. 68.) were the daugh- 
ters of Acheron and Night. PR. 

Sisyphus was doomed, for his robberies 
and frauds, to roll up hill a huge stone 
which always rolled back into the plain. 
M. LU. 

Tityos, for offering violence to Latona, 
was doomed to have his liver mangled by 
a vulture : Virg. JE. vi. 595 sqq. LU. 

2 



Prometheus, for stealing fire from heaven, 
was sentenced to a like punishment. PR. 
^Esch. Pr. V. 

52. Without Pluto and Proserpine to 
occupy their throne ; and without JSacus, 
Minos, Rhadamanthus and Triptolemus 
to preside in their courts. LU. R. 

53. ' Aud vice was then as rare as 
virtue now.' R. 

54. • Any deficiency of respect to- 
wards one's elders was a capital offence.' 
LU. 

55. Cf. Job xxix. 8. M. Virg. E. vi. 
66. (HY.) Claud, xxi. 48. (K.) Gell. ii. 
15. Tyrt. p. 139. (XL.) R. All profane 
and sacred history supports Juvenal in 
his assertion respecting the reverence an- 
ciently paid to old age. It was synonymous 
with power: it continued so, while men 
led a pastoral life ; nor did they know 
any other judge or leader than the aged, 
till a thirst for rapine spread amongst 
them, and wisdom and justice were com- 
pelled to give way to activity, strength, 
and brutal ferocity. Solomon, by a 
beautiful figure, calls a virtuous old age 
" a crown of glory :" Prov. xvi. 31. and 
even so early as the days of Moses, we 
find this attention to age the subject of a 
positive command: " Thou shalt rise up 
before the hoary head, and honour the face 
of the old man ;" Levit. xix. 32. aX6iHir6a.t 
vroXiox,poTa<pov{ u'xuv £s ysgovcnv e'^jjj nai 
yi^um vruvrcov yivin ardkavrav W(>itr(iuv 
Ifjcn^iia 7fxr(>b$ 7trxn rifixTeri y'tgxigi' 
Phocyl. fr. And even among our author's 
countrymen, long after the golden period 
of which he speaks, age was no less vene- 
rated than venerable : magna fait quon- 
dam capitis reverentia cani, inque suo pretio 
ruga senilis erat. . . . et mediusjuvenum, 
non indignantibus ipsis, ibat; et interior, 
si comes unus erat. verba quis auderet 

R 



306 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XIII. 



Barbato cuicumque puer, licet ipse videret 
Plura domi fraga et majores glandis acervos. 
Tarn venerabile erat, prsecedere quatuor annis, 
Primaque par adeo sacrse lanugo senectse ! 

60 Nunc, si depositum non infitietur amicus, 
Si reddat veterem cum tota aerugine follero, 
Prodigiosa fides et Tuscis digna libellis, 
Quseque coronata lustrari debeat agna. 
Egregium sanctumque virum si cerno, bimembri 

65 Hoc monstrum puero aut miranti sub aratro 



coram sene digna rubore dicere? censuram 
longa senecta dubat. Ov. F. v. 57 &c. 
Among our poets, it would be difficult to 
find a more beautiful passage on the 
subject than this, which is evidently 
taken from the text : " Colax. It is an 
impious age. There was a time, (And 
pity 'tis so good a time had wings To fly 
away,) when reverence was paid To the 
gray head : 'twas held a sacrilege Not 
expiable, to deny respect to one of years 
and gravity;" Muses' Looking Glass. 
To which may be added the following 
apposite passage : '* Knowell. When 
1 was young, he lived not in the stews, 
Durst have conceived a scorn, and ut- 
tered it, On a gray head : age was autho- 
rity Against a giber ; and a man had then 
A certain reverence paid unto his years, 
That had none due unto his life : so 
much, The sanctity of some prevailed for 
others ! But now we all are fallen ; 
youth from their fear, And age from that 
which bred it, good example;" Every 
Man in his Humour. This is, indeed, 
what Dryden calls " invading the an- 
cients like a monarch :" it is not a theft, 
but a victory. G. 

56. Barbatua is used in the same sense 
as in vi. 16. for one ' no longer beard- 
less.' cf. vi. 105. R. 

57. These were the only riches of a 
race that lived on fruits and berries. VS. 
vi. 10. R. 

Fraga; Plin. xxi. 15. PR. 
Glandis ; Plin. xvi. pr. 3. 5. PR. Id. 
xviii. 7 sq. R. 

58. Cf. V. Max. ii. 1. Gell. ii. 15. 
PR. 

59. ' The chin's first down and the 
hoary locks of age were treated with like 
deference by their respective juniors.' 
FE. 



60. Ut nunc sunt moves, si quis quid 
reddit, mu^ia habenda est grutia ; Ter. 
Ph. I. ii. 5 sq. M. 

61. A sign it had never been touched, 
although it had been so long in his keep- 
ing. PR. LU. 

JErugo is properly ' the rust of brass,* 
rubigo ' that of iron :' VS. but see 148. 

Follis is « a leathern money-bag.' xiv. 
281. SA. Veget. ii. 20. Plaut. Aul. II. 
iv. 23. R. 

62. The juggling arts of divination, 
which were practised by the Pelasgians, 
came to Home through Tuscany. The 
marvellous events of the year were regis- 
tered by the soothsayers in their records, 
that they might be duly expiated, if 
they portended divine displeasure. LU. 
cf. Pers. ii. 26 sqq. Cic. de Div. ii. 50 sqq. 
PR. libri Etruscorum; ib. 23. Etruscce 
discijdincc volumina; Plin. ii. 83 s 85. 
R. 

64. Egregium ' distinguished from the 
common herd.' M. si, quod raro Jit, id 
portentum putandum est; sapientem esse, 
port en turn est : s&pius enim mulam pepe- 
risse arbitror, quain sapientem fnisse ; Cic. 
de Div. ii. 28. PR. 

Bimembri ; either ' with double limbs,' 
PR. or ' half man and half beast ;' as the 
Centaurs, the Minotaur, &c. SCH. cf. 
Liv. xxvii. 11. xli. 26. R. We have 
recently witnessed a most extraordinary 
instance of a similar kind, in the case of 
the Siamese twins. 

65. For other examples of hiatus, see 
i. 151, and note. R. 

Miranti ; sense is attributed to an in- 
animate object ; as in the expressions 
irato sistro, esuriens ramus olivce, fyc. and 
the prodigy is enhanced by making the 
very plough wonder thereat. BRI. G. 
R. 



SAT. XIII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



307 



Piscibus inventis et fetse comparo mulae, 
Sollicitus, tamquam lapides effuderit imber 
Examenve apium longa consederit uva 
Culmine delubri, tamquam in mare fluxerit amnis 

70 Gurgitibus miris et lactis vortice torrens. 

Intercepta decern quereris sestertia fraude 
Sacrilega ? Quid si bis centum perdidit alter 
Hoc arcana modo ? majorem tertius ilia 
Summam, quam patulss vix ceperat angulus areas ? 

75 Tarn facile et pronum est, superos contemnere testes, 
Si mortalis idem nemo sciat ! Adspice, quanta 
Voce neget ! quae sit ficti constantia vultus ! 
Per Solis radios Tarpeiaque fulmina jurat 
Et Martis frameam et Cirrhaai spicula vatis, 

80 Per calamos venatricis pharetramque Puellae 



66. Piscibus; cf. Theophr. de Pise. 
Plin. ix. 57 s 83. (HA.) Strab. xii. JEl 
V. H. viii. SCH. Liv. xlii. 2. R. I have 
been told that small fishes have been 
found in India at a considerable distance 
from the sea (of which they were natives), 
and were supposed to have been carried 
inlaud by the violence of the winds. My 
informant was a person of veracity and 
professed to have been an eye-witness of 
the fact. 

' A mule with foal.' Plin. viii. 44 s 69. 
(HA.) Varr. R. Pv. GR. Cic. (quoted at 
64.) Theophr. Plut. PI. Phil. v. 14. PR. 
App. B. C. i. M. Suet. Gal. 4. Liv. 
xxxvii. 3. Arist. H. A. vi. 24. R. Her. 
iii. 153. 

67. Lapides: cf. Liv. i. 31. vii. 28. 
xxi. 62. xxii. 36. xxiii. 31. xxv. 7. &c. 
R. Plin. ii. 58. xxxi. 1. V. Max. i. 6. 
PR. 

68. Borgido'v' Horn. II. B 89. jamque 
arbore summa confiuere et lentis uvam 
demittere ramis; Virg. G. iv. 557 sq. 
Plin. xi. 17. (HA.) PR. Virg. M. vii. 
64 sqq. Liv. iv. 33. (DR.) apium for 
apum ; Sil. viii. 633 sqq. Tac. An. xii. 64. 
(ER.) R. Amm. Marc, xviii. 3. G. 

70. Rivers were sometimes said to run 
with blood. Cic. de Div. ii. 58. Liv. xxii. 
1. xxiv. 10. 44. xxvi. 23. xxxiv. 45. V. 
Max. i. 6. Plin. ii. 56. PR. R. Virg. G. 
i. 485. Dio lxii. 1. J A. 

71. About £80. M. 



72. About £1615. atfuvra yk(> <rk 
fiii^ov n TiTovtii rig urvx'/ipar aXkoig 
yiyovor ivvoovfAtvas , ras exuro$ avrou truju.- 
(po^ae paov <p'igzt' Timoc. in Ath. vi. 1. 
R. 

73. Arcana * deposited without a wit- 
ness to the fact.' LU. 

74. ' Of a capacious strong box.' LU. 
x. 25, note. 

75. ' So prone are mortals to despise 
the gods, who are witnesses to all their 
actions ; if they can but hide them from 
the eyes of men.' M. Savrov ruv Iznogr.iTv 
Tig l<T/%zigovvnzjv twXov d^vaXXi^a (poP>Yi@i'iy\ 

x. r. X. Luc. Tim. 2. R. 

11. Num. ejus color pudoris signum 
usquam indicat ? Ter. And. V. iii. 7. VS. 

78. • The Sun's rays.' cf. Virg. JE. iii. 
599 sq. M. 

' The thunder-bolts of Capitoline Jove.' 
VS. 

19. Framea is properly ' the pike' used 
by the Germans. Tac. 6. (LI.) BRI. 
According to others it is * a sword.' Isid. 
and August. Ep. cxx. 16. R. 

Apollo was worshipped at Cirrha in 
Phocis near the foot of Parnassus, and 
not far from Delphi, LU. PR. of which 
it was the port. Thus he is called Delius 
vates; Virg. JE. vi. 12. R. 

80. ' The quiver and darts of Diana 
the virgin huntress.' Cic. N. D. iii. PR. 
Tib. I. iv. 25. R. 



308 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XIII 



Perque tuum, pater iEgaei Neptune, tridentem ; 

Addit et Herculeos arcus hastamque Minervae, 

Quidquid habent telorum armamentaria coeli. 

Si vero et pater est, " Comedam" inquit " flebile nati 
85 Sinciput elixi Pharioque madentis aceto." 

Sunt, in Fortunae qui casibus omnia ponant 

Et nullo credant mundum rectore moveri, 

Natura volvente vices et lucis et anni ; 

Atque ideo intrepidi qusecumque altaria tangunt. 
90 Est alius, metuens ne crimen poena sequatur: 

Hie putat esse Deos et pejerat atque ita secum : 

" Decernat, quodcumque volet, de corpore nostro 



81. Neptune's chief residence was in 
the,/Egean sea, which was so named after 
iEgeus, king of Athens, (the father of 
Theseus,) who drowned himself therein. 
Hyg. F. 16. LU. PR. cf. vi. 394. Hor. 
II Od. xvi. 2. Virg. JE. xii. 366. iii. 74. 
R. 

' The trident' is also an attribute of 
Nereus: Virg. JE. ii. 418. R. 

82. • The bow, and the arrows' dipped 
in the blood of the Lerna;an hydra, with- 
out which, the Fates had decreed, Troy 
could not be captured. The demigod 
bequeatiied them to Philoctetes. Soph. 
Ph. SCIL PR. Virg. JE. iii. 402. M. 
Hyg. F. 102. R. 

Minerva had the name of Pallas from 
■rukkuv ' to poise' the spear. PR. 

84. ' If I speak false, may I feed on 
such a horrid banquet as Thyestes, LU. 
PR. and Karpagus.' Her. i. 119. 

Miserabile sinciput ; Sidon. v. 418. R. 

85. Sinciput i. e. semicaput. M. It 
also means the whole head : Plaut. Men. 
III. ii. 41. IV. ii. 69. R. 

' The vinegar of Egypt' was very 
pungent, and in high esteem. Ath. ii. 26. 
LU. amphora Nilictci lion sit tibi vilis 
aceti ; Mart. XIII. exxii. PR. 

86. Such are the Epicureans, who 
appear ignorant of that truth which 
Seneca has stated : natura, fatum, for- 
tuna, casus, sunt omnia unius et ejusdem 
Dei nomina ; de Prov. LU. (Hence Lac- 
tantius praises Seneca as the wisest of 
Stoics.) Such also was Diagoras. Of 
these persons Cicero says, esse deos ita 
perspicuum est, ut qui neget, vix eum sance 
mentis existimem ; de N. D. ii. 44. PR. 
Plin. ii. 7. Plut. de PI. Ph. i. Claud. 



Ruf. i. 1 sqq. (B.) R. It would be well 
if the dreamers on virtuous communities 
of atheists would seriously meditate on 
such passages as these. It would be 
paying the most moral unbeliever of the 
present day no small compliment, per- 
haps, if he were allowed to rank with 
Juvenal in virtue : yet Juvenal could see 
that this was insufficient to control the 
vicious propensities of mankind ; which 
can only be held in order, by the solemn 
conviction that there is an eye which 
marks their ways; an overseer, who, in 
the sublime language of Calliinachus, is 
seated, axon; iv vroXUrirti, Ivo^/ios o'l rt 
t'mytri Xaov iivro trxoXiys, o'i r sffz-uXtt 
iduvovcriv. G. Among the illuminati of 
the present day may be reckoned the 
philanthropist of Lanark, who, having 
borrowed a leaf from the book of the 
heathen philosophers referred to by Paley, 
(Ev. pt. i. ch. i. in the words of Gibbon ;) 
challenges the whole religious world to 
controvert and disprove his thesis, that 
' All religions are equally false! and 
nearly equally mischievous!' 

87. Qui deum in jiatura -non vident, 
non solum rutione carent sed etiam sensu ; 
Avicen. LU. See the Epicurean notions 
in Hor. I S. v. 101 sqq. M. and more 
fully developed in the magnificent poem 
of Lucretius. 

88. Intelligamus nihil horum esse for - 
tuitum, sed hcec omnia esse provides soler- 
tisque natura ; Cic. de N. D. ii. 128. 
PR. Virg. JE. iii. 376. Claud. Ruf. i. 
6. (B.) R. See the history of the Creation 
on the fourth day : Gen. i. 

89. Virg. JE. iv. vi. xii. Macr. iii. 3. 
SCH. cf. xiv. 219. R. 



SAT. XIII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



309 



Isis et irato feriat mea lumina sistro, 
Dummodo vel caecus teneam, quos abnego, numos. 
95 Et phthisis et vomicae putres et dimidium cms 
Sunt tanti ? Pauper locupletem optare podagram 
Ne dubitet Ladas, si non eget Anticyra nec 
Archigene. Quid enim velocis gloria plantae 
Praestat et esuriens Pisaeae ramus olivae ? 
100 Ut sit magna, tamen certe lenta ira Deorum est. 



93. On the worship of Isis, see vi. 526. 
489. &c. xii. 28. Tib. I. iii. 23 sqq. (HY.) 
Blindness was thought to be the usual 
punishment for perj ury, and to be inflicted 
by this goddess. Ov. Am. iii. 1 sq. Pont. 
I. i. 51 sqq. Apul. Met. viii. p. 213, 9. 
Anth. Gr. t. ii. pt. ii. p. 466. (J A.) JB, 
Panth. JEg. t. i. p. 1 1 1 sq. t. ii. p. 3 sqq. 
PR. R. Pers. v. 186. T. There is a 
propriety in this, which has not been 
generally noticed. Blindness is a disease 
more frequent in Egypt than elsewhere : 
its infliction, therefore, is rightly assigned 
to an Egyptian deity. Travellers still 
speak with astonishment of the numerous 
hospitals for the blind, to be found in 
every part of that country. The evil is 
probably occasioned, in great measure, 
by the nitrous quality of the air, and by 
those dreadful typhous, or whirlwinds, 
which sweep before them an impalpable 
sand, so that it pierces the lachrymal 
gland like a flake of flying fire. And, 
indeed, when no wind prevails, if the eye 
be extended over the smooth and arid 
plains which lie at a certain distance 
from the Nile, while the sun is at any 
great elevation, it is affected by a tremu- 
lous motion in the air, just as if it were 
looking at the fiercest flame. G. Note on 
Her. iii. 1. 

'Xsia-r^ov is derived from eutn. T. per 
angustam laminam, in modum baltei recur- 
vatam, trajectce medice paucce virgulce, 
crispante brachio tergeminos jactus, red- 
debant urgutum sonorem ; Apul. Met. xi. 
p. 258, 33. cf. Plut. Is. and Os. 63. 
Tib. I. iii. 24. (BK. HY.) Isid. Or. ii. 
21. iii. 13. Virg. JE. viii. 696. (SV.) 
Petr. 114. Prop. III. ix. 43. A figure 
of it is given by GRU, Inscr. p. 82. n. 3 
sq. R. 

95. Consumption and malignant im- 
posthumes are also common in Egypt. G. 
* I would run the chance of being sickly 
and rich, rather than have health with 
poverty.' VS. 



96. Locupletem ' with a full purse,' 
PR. and which is ' a very frequent con- 
comitant of wealth.' LU. Mart. XII. 
xvii. Luc. Ep. xxvii. in Br. An. t. ii. 
p. 313. R. 

97. Ladas was a victorious runner at 
the Olympic games, in the time of Alex- 
ander the great. VS. Solin. 6. SCH. 
Paus. II. xix. 6. Ill.xxi. 1. VIII. xii. 
3. X. xxiii. 9. Cic. to Her. iv. Mart. 
X. c. 5. PR. Id. ii. 86. Cat. lv. 25. R. 

' If he be not stark mad.' M. Anticyra 
was an island of Phocis, in the Crissasan 
gulf, celebrated for its black hellebore, 
which was considered a very efficacious 
medicine in cases of insanity. Pers.iv. 16. 
LU. Hor. II S. iii. 83. 166. M. Id. A. 
P. 300. Gell. xvii. 15. Plin. xxv. 5 s21. 
(HA.) There was also a town of this 
name in Phthiotis, on the Maliac gulf, 
which produced the same plant. Paus. 
x. 36. .Steph. Byz. Strab. ix. p. 288 sq. 
299. R. 

98. ' Arehigenes, to breathe a vein.' 
vi. 46. 236. PR. 

' A man cannot live upon empty fame.' 
LU. FA. 

99. ' The hungry branch of Pisa's 
olive crown.' The Olympic games were 
celebrated every fifth year, in the exten- 
sive plain on the banks of the Alpheus, 
between Elis and Pisa. BRI. The prize 
was an olive chaplet. LU. Paus. V. xv. 
3. xvi. 2. &c. cf. Barthel. Voy. du J. 
An. 38. R. 

100. Lento quidem gradu ad vindictam 
divina procedit ira, sed tarditatem supplicii 
gravitaie compensat ; V. Max. I. i. ext. 3. 
Plut. de T. Num. Vind. LU. " Because 
sentence against an evil work is not exe- 
cuted speedily, therefore the heart of the 
sons of men is fully set in them to do 
evil;" Eccles. viii. 11. M. xgovioi p\v 
to r&>v feuv *as, sis rtXat T ovx ufffovr}' 
Eur. Ion. 1615. Plato de Leg. x. Plin. 
ii. 7. Tib. I. ix. 4. (HY.) Pers. ii. 24 sqq. 
Hor. Ill Od. ii. 32. (ML) R. Virg. 2E, 



310 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XIII. 



Si curant igitur cunctos punire nocentes, 
Quando ad me venient ? Sed et exorabile Numen 
Fortasse experiar : solet his ignoscere. Multi 
Committunt eadem diverso crimina fato : 

105 Ille crucem sceleris pretium tulit, hie diadema." 
Sic animum dirse trepidum formidine culpae 
Confirmant. Tunc te sacra ad delubra vocantem 
Prsecedit, trahere immo ultro ac vexare paratus. 
Nam quum magna malae superest audacia causae, 

110 Creditur a multis fiducia. Mimum agit ille, 
Urbani qualem fugitivus scurra Catulli : 
Tu miser exclamas, ut Stentora sincere possis, 
Vel potius, quantum Gradivus Homericus : " Audis, 
Jupiter, haec, nec labra moves, quum mittere vocem 

115 Debueras vel marmoreus vel aeneus? aut cur 
In carbone tuo charta pia thura soluta 



iv. 208 sq. Claud. Ep. to Hadr. 38 sq. 
Sen. Hip. 1128 sq. Luc. iii. 448 sq. K. 

101. They attribute the slowness of 
divine vengeance to the delay occasioned 
by an accumulation of business ; as though 
the deity were, like man, constrained to 
proceed step by step in his operations. 
LU. 

103. His: ' perjuries, not committed 
out of wantonness, or disrespect to him, 
but for my own benefit:' PR. as though 
a person should now argue, that this did 
not fall under the designation of " taking 
God's name in vain." 

104. Cf. ii. 63, note. LU. 

105. Crucem. cf. Plaut. Most. v. Sen. 
Cons, to Marc. 20. The punishment of 
crucifixion was abolished by Constantine, 
A.D. 325. Sozom. i. 1. PR. 

Romulus, by fratricide, gained a diadem. 
VS. cf. viii. 259. R. Hence the truth of 
the epigram ; " Treason does never pros- 
per : what's the reason"? When it does 
prosper, none dare call it t r e a s o n." 

108. ConfirmaJit — prcecedit. The change 
of number, by substituting an individual 
instance for an universal case, makes the 
picture more vivid. q>§dvu li ri xa) roi 
cLyovrx- Strato Ep. xxvi. in Br. An. t. ii. 
p. 365. R. 

' He will even drag you before the 
judge, and threaten to prosecute you for 
taking away his character.' PR. 

109. • When there is plenty of impu- 



dence in a bad cause, the vulgar regard it 
as the confidence of integrity.' BRI. LU. 

110. Fall.it enim vitium specie virtutis 
<:t umbra ; xiv. 109. Vo^ii toIs rfoXXoTs' 
Arist. Rh. I. ix. 3. 

' His acting is quite as good a farce as 
the buffoonery of the fugitive slave in the 
Spectre of the ludicrous Catullus.' LU. 
JS. viii. 186. PR. 

111. Urbani: cf. xvi. 25. Plaut. Trin. 

I. ii. 165. (GRO.) Cat. xxii. 2. 9. 12. 
(JS. DCE.) Poll, xxx tyr. p. 316. (SA.) 
R. 

112. trUroftu xaXKiotpcovov, og rcsrov 
OLvhneu.fx} , otrov ctWoi Tivr'/iKovra' Horn. 

II. E 785 sq. LU. 

1 13. 'O ifintt^i %a,\Ktos "Agn;, (when 
wounded by Dioinede,) eWav r iwtcc^tXoi 
lvix%ov n ^bxu^iXoi av££if Iv iroXifjicp' 
Horn. 11. E 859 sqq. VS. LU. 

114. Ztv; o^kios is here meant. R. 
Note on Her. i. 44. 

Nec labra moves; cf. ii. 130 &c. Luc. 
Tim. 1—6. Virg. yE. iv. 206 sqq. R. 
Compare Elijah's taunt to the priests of 
Baal ; 1 Kings xviii. 27. M. 

1 15. This is a sarcasm on the stupidity 
of men, in worshipping marble and brass 
as gods. RI. 

116. 'If you are utterly insensible and 
powerless, what is the use of our offerings 
and sacrifices?' VS. PR. The heathens 
expected blessings from the gods, out of 
gratitude for vows and oblations. Horn. 



SAT. XIII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



311 



Ponimus et sectum vituli jecur albaque porci 
Omenta ? Ut video, nullum discrimen habendum est 
Effigies inter vestras statuamque Vagelli. 

120 Accipe, quae contra valeat solatia ferre 

Et qui nec Cynicos nec Stoica dogmata legit 
A Cynicis tunica distantia, non Epicurum 
Suspicit exigui leetum plantaribus horti. 
Curentur dubii medicis majoribus aegri; 

125 Tu venam vel discipulo committe Philippi. 



II. A 39 sqq. 240. Od. A 763 sqq. P 240 
sqq. Virg. Ai. ix. 406 sqq. R. 

* The eornet of paper being undone.' 
RU. thuris piperisque cucullus ; Mart. 

III. ii. 5. Ov. Her. xi. 4. R. 

' Pious frankincense.' Sil. iv. 794. 
Virg. JE. iv. 637. v. 745. R. 

1 17. « Cut out,' LU. or ' cut up.' PR. 

• White from the quantity of fat,' LU. 
or ' that of a white pig.' FA. 

118. « The caul.' Pers. ii. 47. vi. 74. 
PR. cf. Horn. II. A 460. H 240. R. 

" We might ask redress, for aught I 
see, As wisely of Bathyllus, (Vagellius, 
B.) as of thee!" G. 

119. Vagellius was a very great fool, 
who nevertheless had the honour of a 
statue: VS. declamator mulino corde; 
xvi. 23. R. 

120. ' Consolations, not from philosophy 
but common sense.' R. 

121. Antisthenes was the founder of 
the Cynic sect, and Zeno of that of the 
Stoics, which was in fact but a branch 
of the Cynic ; with which it accorded as 
regards morals. VS. LU. cf. Pers. i. 133. 
iii. 53. PR. 

122. The Stoics wore tunics under their 
gowns, the Cynics waistcoats only. SA. 
cf. Hor. I Ep. xvii. 25. PR. D. Laert. 
vi. 104. Ath. xiii. 2. Tac. An. xvi. 34. 
R. 

Epicurus ; D. Laert. x. P.R. cf. xiv. 
319. R. 

123. He was the first who introduced 
the fashion of having gardens to town- 
houses. Plin. xix. 4. PR. In his own 
diet, he was very simple and abstemious, 
Sen. Ep. 21. living upon herbs and bread 
and water. D. Laert. LU. cf. Prop. III. 
xxi. 26. (PAS.) Stat. S. I. iii. 94. Virg. 
Cir. 3. (JS.) R. No one could hold the 
theological tenets of Epicurus in greater 
contempt and abhorrence than Juvenal, 



and yet he never omits an opportunity of 
doing justice to the simplicity of his life. 
This is the more laudable, as few have 
lain under greater obloquy (from the dis- 
sipated lives of his followers) than this 
philosopher, who, to say the least of him, 
was no ordinary man. He has been re- 
presented as wallowing in sensuality. He 
placed, it must be confessed, the chief 
good in pleasure ; but he meant by it, 
that calm and soothing delight which 
arises from a life spent in the contem- 
plation of virtue. Diocles says that he 
was a perfect example of continence and 
simplicity ; and Juvenal loves to dwell 
on his frugality : parvis suffecit in horlis. 
In a word, the garden of Epicurus was a 
school of temperance, and would have 
afforded little gratification, and still less 
sanction, to those sensualists of our day, 
who, in turning hogs, flatter themselves 
that they are becoming Epicureans ! 
After saying thus much of the man, it is 
but just to add a word respecting his doc- 
trines. With regard to the beauty of 
temperance and sobriety, and the strong 
necessity of restraining the tumultuous 
and disorderly passions, Epicurus may be 
listened to with advantage ; but on the 
higher and more important subjects of 
life, there is not a more false and destruc- 
tive system on earth than his ; nor one so 
likely to make mankind worse by imitation. 
Perhaps he is the only philosopher, who 
never had one follower like to himself. 
Decipit exemplar vitiis imitabile ; Hor. I 
Ep. xix. 17. All his imitators were vici- 
ous, and the old world was ruined by his 
virtues. G. M. 

124. ' Yours is not such a desperate 
case.' F. 

125. ' You may be bled by the 
apprentice of a second-rate practitioner.' 
PR. M. 



312 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XIII. 



Si nullum in terris tarn detestabile factum 
Ostendis, taceo ; nec pugnis caedere pectus 
Te veto nec plana faciem contundere palma, 
Quandoquidem accepto claudenda est janua damno 

130 Et majore domus gemitu, majore tumultu 

Planguntur numi, quam funera. Nemo dolorem 
Fingit in hoc casu, vestem deducere summam 
Contentus, vexare oculos humore coacto : 
Ploratur lacrumis amissa pecunia veris. 

135 Sed si cuncta vides simili fora plena querela, 
Si, decies lectis diversa parte tabellis, 
Vana supervacui dicunt chirographa ligni, 
Arguit ipsorum quos litera gemmaque princeps 
Sardonychus, loculis quae custoditur eburnis : 

140 Ten', O delicias ! extra communia censes 
Ponendum ? Qui tu gallinae filius albae, 
Nos viles pulli nati infelicibus ovis ? 
Rem pateris modicam et mediocri bile ferendam, 



126. Hor. II S. iii. 41. R. 

127. ' Exhibit all the signs of frantic 
grief.' Claud, xv. 135. (H.) R. 

129. It is still the practice to close the 
doors and windows of one's house as a 
sign of deep mourning. VS. LU. 

130. Because, in the other case, one 
may be a gainer. 

131. X^vfiarec ya.(> ^v^h <x'iXirat $u- 
Xe7<ri (ZgoroTtri. LU. 

132. ' With stripping down the upper 
part of the dress, without tearing it.' 
dicilur utius fle.sse Pelops, humerumque, 
suas ad pectora postquam deduxit vestes, 
ostendisse ; Ov. M. vi. 403 sqq. cadat ex 
humeris vestisapvrtis :jam nuda vacant pec- 
tora dextras ; Sen. Tro. 102 sqq. 86 sqq. R. 

133. Una falsa lacrumula, quam oculos 
terendo vix vi expresserit ; Ter. Eun. I. i. 
22 sq. VS. captique dolis lacrumisque coac- 
tis ; Virg. M. ii. 196. M. ib. iv. 449. x. 
465. cf. vi. 273 sqq. R. " And vex their 
lids for one hard gotten tear." G. 

136. ' After their bonds have been 
read over at least ten times, and that in 
different places, before divers witnesses.' 
LU. 

137. ' Assert that the deed is not valid, 
as the signature is a forgery.' FA. Their 
tablets were generally made of thin ' deal.' 
GR. xvi. 41. nec mea fallaci convicta 



est gemma sigillo inendaces lignis imposuissc 
notas; Ov. Pont. II. ix. 69 sq. (//.) R. 

138. 1 Their own hand-writing.' SCH. 
' The sardonyx' was ' the principal 

gem' employed for seals; quoniam sola 
pr ope gemma rum scalpta ceram nan aufert ; 
Plin. xxxvii. 6 s 23. (HA.) SCH. 

139. vi. 382. vii. 144. R. 

' Ivory cases:' from which we may 
infer that the disgraceful practice of per- 
jury was not confined to the lower orders. 
M. 

140. Cf. vi. 47, note. SCH. Z ytkoTs, 

fto'vo; u,<pi(>'/ira, -rciiT^itv vof^'i^a;, (Ati^ivu 
oguv -r'ivdovs uf&oigov i Luc. Demon. 25. 
R. 

141. ' White' was deemed a lucky 
colour. E. albce gallince, quum sint fere 
molles ac minus vivaces, turn ne fecundcc 
quidem facile reperiuntur; Col. R. R. 
VIII. ii. 7. R. It might be the rarity, 
and not the felicity of the object, which 
the old adage had in view. G. From 
what 1 have heard, I am induced to 
question the accuracy of Columella's 
statement ; unless in Italy the case is 
different from what it is in our country. 

142. Nos animce viles ; Virg. JE. xi. 
372. VS. 

143. ' With moderate choler.' M. v. 
159. R. 



SAT. XIII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



313 



Si flectas oculos majora ad crimina. Confer 
145 Conductum latronem, incendia sulphure ccepta 

Atque dolo, primos quum janua colligit ignes; 

Confer et hos, veteris qui tollunt grandia templi 

Pocula adorandae robiginis et populorum 

Dona vel antiquo positas a rege coronas. 
150 Haec ibi si non sunt, minor exstat sacrilegus, qui 

Radat inaurati femur Herculis et faciem ipsam 

Neptuni ; qui bracteolam de Castore ducat. 

An dubitet, solitus totum conflare Tonantem ? 

Confer et artifices mercatoremque veneni 
155 Et deducendum corio bovis in mare, cum quo 

Clauditur adversis innoxia simia fatis. 

Hsec quota pars scelerum, quae custos Gallicus Urbis 

Usque a lucifero, donee lux occidat, audit ? 

Humani generis mores tibi nosse volenti 
160 Sufficit una domus. Paucos consume dies et 

Dicere te miserum, postquam illinc veneris, aude. 

Quis tumidum guttur miratur in Alpibus ? aut quis 



145. Grassator; cf. iii. 305. 
Incendia: cf. Suet. Ner. 38. LU. 

146. Cf. ix. 98. PR. So as to pre- 
clude all possibility of escape. M. 

147. The epithets are well chosen 
and add much to the force of the pas- 
sage. R. 

148. • Of venerable antiquity.' M. 
robigo, here, is not to be taken in its strict 
sense, cf. 61. 

149. The nations and kings, who were 
allies of the Roman Republic, often sent 
' crowns' and other presents, as oblations 
to Capitoline Jove. DX. ACH. Juvenal 
probably alludes to some of the acts of 
incendiarism and sacrilege of which Nero 
was guilty. Suet. 32. 38. LU. 

151. " Will scrape the gilded thighs 
of Hercules, Strip Neptune of his silvery 
beard, and peel Castor's leaf-gold." G. 

153. " Steal and melt down the Thun- 
derer entire." G. cozlo tonantem credi- 
dimus Jovem ; Hor. Ill Od. v. 1. 

154. « The compounders of poison, and 
the dealer in it.' LU. Hor. Ep. ix. 61. 
I S. ix. 31. M. 

155. Cf. viii. 213, note. PO. The 
first who underwent this punishment was 

2 



P. Malleolus, convicted of murdering his 
mother. Livy lxviii. ep. G. 

157. Ruiilius Gallicus Valens was pre- 
fect of the city and chief magistrate of the 
police, in the reign of Domitian : LU. 
quem penes intrepidce mitiscustodia Romce ; 
Stat. S. I. iv. 16. PR. iv. 77 sq. note. cf. 
Sen. Ep. 86. Eleg. in WE, P. L. M. 
t. iii. p. 159, 27. Tac. An. vi. 10 sqq. 
Before determining the date of the Satire, 
we must also take into account v. 17. see 
note. R. 

158. Lucifero; viii. 12, note. PR. 
Ov. M. iv. 664. If. 

160. ' One house, that of Rutilius, is 
enough.' VS. As we might say, ' the 
Mansion House.' 

161. Aude: ' I may defy you.' 

162. ' Crimes are not more wonderful 
in Rome, than goitres on the Alps.' VS. 
Plin. xi. 37 s 68. (HA.) BRO. Mquicolis 
in Italia et Alpibus in natione Medullorum , 
est genus aqua, quam qui bibunt, efficiun- 
tur turgidis gutturibus ; Vitr. viii. 3 extr. 
R. " When we were boys, Who would 
believe that there were mountaineers 
Dew-lapp'd like bulls, whose throats had 
hanging at them Wallets of flesh ! . . . . 

S 



314 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XIII. 



In Meroe crasso majorem infante mamillam? 
Cserula quis stupuit Germani lumina, flavam 

165 Caesariem, et madido torquentem cornua cirro ? 
Nempe quod haec illis natura est omnibus una. 
Ad subitas Thracum volucres nubemque sonoram 
Pygmseus parvis currit bellator in armis : 
Mox impar hosti raptusque per aera curvis 

170 Unguibus a saeva fertur grue. Si videas hoc 
Gentibus in nostris, risu quatiare : sed illic, 
Quamquam eadem assidue spectentur proelia, ridet 



which now we find, Each putter-out on 
five for one, will bring us Good warrant 
of ;" Shaksp. Temp. 111. iii. G. 

163. Meroe; vi. 528, note. cf. Pomp. 
Mel. Solin. 15. SCH. 

164. Habitus quoque carporum, quam- 
quam in tanto horninum numero, idem 
omnibus: truces et caerulei oculi, r u- 
t ilae comae; Tac. Germ. 4. PR. f era 
caeru lea Germaniapube; Hor. Ep. xvi. 
7. (ML) cf. Arist. Probl. xiv. 14. R. 
The I talians seem to have regarded as a 
phsenomenon, this colour, so common 
among the northern nations of Europe. 
The adjunct truces, however, makes the 
common interpretation doubtful. With 
us 'blue' is rather indicative of soft 
voluptuouslanguor, than of fierce- 
ness. Why not ' s e a-g r ee n' 1 This is 
not an uncommon colour in the north. 
1 have seen many Norwegian seamen 
with eyes of this hue, which were in- 
variably quick, keen, and glancing. 
Shakspeare, whom nothing escaped, has 
put an admirable description of them 
into the mouth of Juliet's nurse : " O 
he's a lovely gentleman ! ... an eagle, 
madam, Hath not so green, so quick, so 
fair an eye, As Paris hath;" III. v. 
Steevens refers to an opposite passage in 
the Two Noble Kinsmen. It is in 
Emilia's address to Diana : " Oh vouch- 
safe With that thy rare green eye, which 
never yet Beheld things maculate." G. 
Though the colour does apply to the sea as 
well as to the sky, yet without including 
blue and grey eyes, it could hardly 
be so universal as to warrant the language 
of Tacitus. 

' Yellow hair.' non est JEthiopis inter suos 
insignitus color, nec r uf us criniset 
co actus in nod um apud Germ an o s; 



Sen. de Ira iii. 26. auricomus Batavus ; 
Sil. iii. 608. ruffus Batavus ; Mart. XIV. 
clxxvi. Procopius calls the Vandals 
X^viroiibui. Galen says the Germans 
should be called wppa) rather than %a.v6ol' 
Com. ad Polyb. de Vict. 6. LI. 

165. Insigne gentis obliquure crinem 
nodoque substringere . . . horrentem capil- 
lum retro sequuntur ac scepe in solo vertice 
religant . . . in altitudinem quamdam et 
terrorem, adituri bellu, compti, ut hosti um 
oculis, ornantur ; Tac. Ger. 38. Sen. Ep. 
24. Mart. Sp. iii. 9. V. xxxviii. Tertul. 
de Virg. Vel. 10. Their hair was 
* moistened' with a kind of soft soap, 
which they applied as pomatum. Plin. 
xxviii. 12 s 51. (HA.) Mart. XIV. xxvi 
sq. LI. VIII. xxxiii. 20. Suet. Cal. 47. 
cf. vi. 502. R. 

167. • The cranes,' LU. from the 
Strymon. VS. Virg. G. i. 120. JE. x. 
265 sq. M. ib. xi. 580. Ov. A. A. iii. 
182. R. Ath. ix. 11. Plin. x. 23. PR. 

• The cloud.' Sil. i. 311.7*. 

168. Cf. vi. 506. Gell. ix. 6. Plin.vii. 
2. BRL Id. iv. 11. x. 23. (HA.) PR. 
Strab. xvii. Horn. 11. r 2—7. (KP.) 
Claud, xv. 474 sqq. R. 

171. The facetious Domitian seems to 
have treated himself with a spectacle of 
this kind : hie audax subitordo pumilonum, 
quos Natura brevi statu peractos nodosum 
semel in glnbum ligavit. edunt vulnera 
conseruntque dextras, et mortem sibi (qua 
manu .') minantur. ridet Mars pater et 
cruenta Virtus, casurceque vagis grues 
rapinis mirantur pumilos ferociores : Stat. 
S. I. vi. 57 sqq. Such were the contempti- 
ble amusements of this gloomy tyrant ! G. 

172. F or quamquam one would expect 
quoniam. The whole line may be spuri- 
ous : it could easily be spared. R. 



SAT. XIII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



315 



Nemo, ubi tota cohors pede non est altior uno. 
" Nullane perjuri capitis fraudisque nefandsg 

175 Pcena erit?" Abreptum crede hunc graviore catena 
Protenus et nostro (quid plus velit ira?) necari 
Arbitrio : manet ilia tamen jactura nec umquam 
Depositum tibi sospes erit. " Sed corpore trunco 
Invidiosa dabit minimus solatia sanguis : 

180 At vindicta bonum vita jucundius ipsa." 

Nempe hoc indocti, quorum prsecordia nullis 
Interdum aut levibus videas flagrantia causis. 
Quantulacumque adeo est occasio, sufficit irse. 
Chrysippus non dicet idem nec mite Thaletis 

185 Ingenium dulcique senex vicinus Hymetto, 
Qui partem acceptae saeva inter vincla cicutae 
Accusatori nollet dare. Plurima felix 



174. Capitis for the whole ' man.' 
Hor. I Od. xxiv. 2. M. note on xapaXai- 
Her. iii. 46. Thus we use the word 
' body.' 

" Quid ergo," inqais, " impune Mi 
erit?" puta te velle, tamen non erit. 
maxima est enim facta injuria pozna, 
fecisse: nec quisquam gravias afficitur, 
quam qui ad supplicium pcenitentia tradi- 
tur; Sen. de Ira iii. 26. cf. v. 192 sqq. R. 
238, note. 

175. Understand hi. SCH. 

' Heavier' than ordinary. M. 

176. "Eff-ru %h h ogyyi, ogsfys (aitu. Xvtffis 
nuwo'ias (puivoftiv'/i;' Alist. Rh. II. ii. 1. 
it %h -tout $trrtv h ogyvi, avayxn raff'/i o^yri 
zvtffSa'i rtva h^ovrtv rnv L<7rb tt\S t\*rl$os too 
rtftu^trcMrHctf ib. 2. cf. II. v. 3. 

177. « What then? His death does not 
mend the matter.' M. ** Yet shall not 
the revenge, for which you long, Refund 
the loss or recompense the wrong." BM. 

178. ' Enviable.' LU. 

180. At, instead of et, after sed is more 
indicative of emotion, cf. Ov. M. v. 17 sq. 
507 sq. vi. 612. vii. 718. R. aXXa art- 
7i.ovffa.fh, aXXa yyiafftttin, aXX' iitxaiaHn- 
t£- 1 Cor. vi. 11. 

Cf. Horn. II. 2 108 sqq. Arist. Rh. I. 
xi. II. ii. Sen. de Ira ii. 32. HN. 

181. " Revenge, they s ay, — A plea- 
sure sweeter far than life affords. W h o 
say? the fools, whose passions, prone to 
ire, At slightest causes, or at none, take 
fire." G. volunt quidam ex nostris (Stoics) 



irarn in pectore moveri, effervescente circa 
cor sanguine, causa, cur hie potissimum 
adsignetur irce locus, non alia est quam 
quod in toto corpore calidissimum pectus 
est. quibus humidi plus inest, eorum 
paulatim crescit ira, quia non est paratus 
illis color, sed motu acquiritur. itaque 
puerorum feminarumque irce (cf. 191 sq.) 
acres magis, quam graves sunt levioi'esque 
dum incipiunt, fyc. Sen. de Ira ii. 19. 
SCH. 

184. Chrysippus was a Stoic (the dis- 
ciple of Cleanthes and Zeno) and so 
subtle a logician, that it was said, " If 
the gods used logic, it would be that of 
Chrysippus." LU. cf. Pers. vi. 80. PR. 
Hor. I Ep. ii. 4. 

Thales of Miletus, ill. was one of the 
seven sages of Greece. LU. D. Laert. i. 
PR. cf. fv. 39, note. R. 

185. " Nor that old man by sweet 
Ilvmettus' hill." This is a charming 
designation of Socrates by the place of 
his residence. The hill of Hymettus was 
not far from Athens : Juvenal calls it 
• sweet Hymettus,' because it was much 
celebrated for the richness of its honey. 
G. cf. Hor. II Od. vi. 14 sq. M. Sen. de 
Const. Sap. 18. de Ira i. 15. iii. 11. Plat. 
Ap. Socr. and Phasd. E. 

186. " 'Midst those injurious bonds." 
BM. 

Cicutee ; vii. 206, note. R. 

187. His accusers were three, Anytus, 
Lycon, and Melitus. BRI. 



316 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XIII. 



Paulatim vitia atque errores exuit omnes, 
Prima docet rectum Sapientia : quippe minuti 

190 Semper et infirmi est animi exiguique voluptas 
Ultio. Continue- sic collige, quod vindicta 
Nemo magis gaudet, quam fernina. Cur tamen hos tu 
Evasisse putes, quos diri conscia facti 
Mens habet attonitos et surdo verbere caedit, 

195 Occultum quatiente animo tortore flagellum ? 
Poena autem vehemens ac multo seevior illis, 
Quas et Caedicius gravis invenit et Rhadamanthus, 



Nollet ' would have been unwilling.' 

R. 

188. Vitce Philosophia dux, vir- 
tutis indagutrix, expultrixque vitiorum; 
Cic. T. Q. v. 5. PR. 

189. " Divine philosophy ! by whose 
pure light We first distinguish then pursue 
the right, Thy power the breast from 
every error frees, And weeds out all its 
vices by degrees: Illumined by thy 
beam, revenge, we find, The abject plea- 
sure of an abject mind." G. 

190. Forlior est qui se quam qui for- 
tissimo, viucit mcpnia, uec virtus altior ire 
potest. LU. Sen. de Ira ii. 34. magni 
animi est proprium, plucidum esse tran- 
quillumque et injurias atque offensiones 
superne despicere ; Id. de Clem. i. 5. R. 
cf. Cic. de Or. PR. 

191. 1 You may at once draw this 
inference, (Pers. v. 85.) from the cir- 
cumstance that &c.' M. FA. 

192. " But why are those, Calvinus, 
thought to scape Unpunish'd, whom, in 
every fearful shape, Guilt still pursues, 
and conscience, ne'er asleep, Wounds 
with incessant strokes, not loud but 
deep, While the vex'd mind, her own 
tormentor, plies A scorpion scourge, un- 
mark'd by human eyes ! Trust me, no 
tortures which the poets feign, Can 
match the fierce, the unutterable pain 
He feels, who night and day, devoid of 
rest, Carries his own accuser in his 
breast." G. 

193. Prima et maxima peccantium 
poena est peccasse : secundce veropa'nee sunt 
timere semper et expavescere et securitati 
diffidere : et fatendum est mala facinora 
conscientia Jlagellari, et plurimum illic 
tormentorum esse, eo quod perpetua ilium 
solicit udo urget ac verberat, <Sfc. Sen. Ep. 
97. BRI. PR. ib. 43. 105. Pers. iii. 



35 sqq. Cic. Mil. 23. Plut. Opp. t. 

ii. p. 554—556. cf. 174, note i. 166 
sq. R. 

194. Surdo; vii. 71, note. R. 

The ancient poets embodied the terrors 
of a guilty conscience under the name of 
'Egtvvvts or Evftivlfo;, and armed them 
with a scourge and a goad, ipo) V onthos, 

ftitroXufliT xivrgep vvo tppsvx; . biro \iQt'ov. 

TUgHTTI ftOKTriKTOgOi o'x'iOUOOift'lOU {6vp.iX.0U !) 

P>u.(>v rt, vi(Ji(ia{>u x.(>vo{ 'i%av v?Lsch. Kum. 
1 •")() sqq. cf. Sen. quoted above. f> o*unU 
^no-is rh* •v/'t^jjv vrXyrnr Greek Proverb. 
R. Juvenal was evidently a favourite 
with our old writers; and the predilection 
may be considered as no slight indication 
of their taste and spirit. The following 
is a pretty close rendering of the text : 
" There's no punishment like that to bear 
the witness in one's breast Of perpetrated 
evils, when the mind Beats it with silent 
stripes ;" Microcosmus. G. 

195. The metaphor is taken from the 
flogging of criminals, whose terrors are 
aggravated by seeing the uplifted lash of 
the executioner shaken over their back. 
Public whipping was a common punish- 
ment of the lower orders among the 
Romans. Hor. Ep. iv. 11. M. car- 
nificina est cegritudo ; Cic. T. Q. 

iii. 13. R. Democritus said there was 
no man so brave that an evil con- 
science would not render most timorous. 
SCH. " Conscience does make cowards 
of us all;" Shaksp. Ham. III. i. 

196. The torments of a wounded con- 
science are more intolerable than those 
of bodily suffering, cf. Prov. xviii. 14. 
M. Pers. iii. 39 sqq. Hor. I Ep. ii. 58. 
R. 

197. Ccedicius, a courtier of Nero and 
a cruel agent of that tyrant. VS. A very 



SAT. XIII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



317 



Nocte dieque suum gestare in pectore testem. 
Spartano cuidam respondit Pythia vates : 

200 Haud impunitum quondam fore, quod dubitaret 
Depositum retinere et fraudem jure tueri 
Jurando. Quaerebat enim, quae numinis esset 
Mens et an hoc illi facinus suaderet Apollo ? 
Reddidit ergo metu, non moribus ; et tamen omnem 

205 Vocem adyti dignam templo veramque probavit 
Exstinctus tota pariter cum prole domoque 
Et, quamvis longa deductis gente, propinquis. 
Has patitur pcenas peccandi sola voluntas. 
Nam scelus intra se taciturn qui cogitat ullum, 



sanguinary judge in the reign of Vitellius. 
LU. cf. xiv. 46. PR. 

Rhadamanthus, king of Lycia, son of 
Jupiter and Europa, brother of Minos, 
cf. i. 10, note. PR. Diod. S. v. 80. 
Apollod. II. iv. 11. and exc. xi. on Virg. 
JE. vi. (JJT.) R. note on v. 52. 

198. Cf. 1, note, conscientia mills testes; 
Quint. LU. bona conscientia turbam ad- 
vocat, mala etiam in solitudine anxia atqne 
solicita est. si honesta sunt, quce facis, ami- 
nes sciant ; si turpia, quid refert nemi- 
nem scire, qunm tu scias? O te miser um, 
si contemnes hunc testem! Sen. Ep. 43. 
R. Compare the whole of Richard's 
speech, commencing with " O coward 
conscience, how dost thou afflict me !" 
Shaksp. K. R. in. V. iii. 

199. This story is told at large in Her. 
vi. 86. A Milesian had entrusted a sum 
of money to one Glaucus, a Spartan. 
After a time, the sons of the Milesian 
came to re-demand it. Glaucus affirmed 
that he had no recollection of the circum- 
stance, and sent them away. As soon as 
they were gone, he hastened to Delphi, 
to enquire whether he might safely for- 
swear the deposit. On hearing the answer 
of the priestess, the terrified Spartan sent 
for the young Milesians and restored the 
money. Leutychides, who applies this 
case to the Athenians, concludes thus: 
TXetvKov vuv ovts ti aToyovdv lirrt ouSiv, 

VS. PR. 

Pythia vates ; notes on Her. i. 55 and 54. 

204. Oder unt peccare mali formidine 
■poena: oderunt peccare boni virtutis 
amore. LU. 



' From moral principle.' R. 

205. The words were delivered from 
the sanctuary, ' into which none might 
enter' but the priestess : LU. or from the 
subterranean chamber, over which the 
tripod of the Pythoness was placed. R. 
In the temple at Jerusalem, the Holy of 
Holies was the ahurov. 

After dignam, understand esse. 

207. ' All his relatives, however re- 
mote their common ancestor.' ACH. 

208. Hence the maxims of lawyers : 
" pari sorte scelus et sceleris voluntatem 
and " voluntas habetur pro facto." LU. 
cf. St Matth. v. 8. 28. Sen. de Ben. v. 14. 
Gell. vii. 3. R. 

209. If the second foot of a Latin 
hexameter is a si ngle word, a spondee 
is only admissible in the instance of the 
prepositions inter and intra followed by 
the word they govern : as here, and in 
Lucr. v. 957. i. 909. In fact, the prepo- 
sition and its case may be considered as 
a compound word, and are often writ- 
ten so in mss. We have other examples 
of this in interea, prceterea, nobiscum, 
quatenus, and, in our own language, in 

WITHAL, HEREIN, THERETO, &C Eascic. 

Poet. ed. 2nd. p. 14. 

Neither Thales, nor Chrysippus, no, 
nor his great master Zeno, ever taught, 
or even conceived doctrines of such pure, 
such sublime morality as are here de- 
livered : doctrines, in short, which the 
light of nature alone was incapable of 
discovering: and which the author un- 
doubtedly derived from that " true light," 
which now began to glimmer through 
the Roman world, and by which many 
sincere lovers of truth and virtue already 



318 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XIII. 



210 Facti crimen habet. " Cedo, si conata peregit? 5 
Perpetua anxietas nec mensae tempore cessat, 
Faucibus ut morbo siccis interque molares 
Difficili crescente cibo : sed vina misellus 
Exspuit ; Albani veteris pretiosa senectus 

215 Displicet; ostendas melius, densissima ruga 
Cogitur in frontem, velut acri ducta Falerno. 
Nocte brevem si forte indulsit cura soporem 
Et toto versata torojam membra quiescunt; 
Continuo templum et violati numinis aras 

220 Et, quod praecipuis mentem sudoribus urguet, N 
Te videt in somnis : tua sacra et major imago 



began to direct their ways, while they 
were yet unconscious of the medium 
through which they leceived the illumi- 
nation. With respect to the passage 
before us, it is not heathenism. It is not 
to be found in the precepts of their gravest 
teachers : and elevated as the morality of 
our author confessedly is, it is difficult 
to imagine that it could soar so far above 
the ethics of his time, without the assist- 
ance which has been spoken of. What 
is more, this was the peculiar boast of 
Christianity. It was the vantage ground, 
on which its first professors stood, and 
proclaimed aloud the superiority of their 
faith : Ethnici, scelera admissa ptiniti.s ; 
apud nos et cogitare peccare est : vos conscios 
timetis, nos conscientiam, Sfc. INI. Felix. G. 
Paley Ev. pt. ii. ch. ii. p. 35. 

210. Cedo-, vi. 504. R. 

Conata * his evil devices.' LU. 

212. He becomes feverish from anxiety 
of mind. One symptom of this inward 
fever is a dryness of the mouth and 
throat, owing to the want of a due se- 
cretion of the saliva, by the glands 
appropriated for that purpose. The great 
use of this secretion is in masticating and 
diluting the food, and making the first 
digestion thereof; also to lubricate the 
throat and oesophagus, in order to facili- 
tate deglutition, which, by these means, 
in healthy persons, is attended with ease 
and pleasure. But the direct contrary is 
the case, when the mouth and throat are 
quite dry, as in fevers. The food is 
chewed with difficulty and disgust, and 
cannot be swallowed without uneasiness 
and loathing, and may well be called 
difficilis cibus in both these respects. 



Wanting also the saliva to moisten it, 
and make it into a sort of paste, it breaks 
into pieces between the teeth, and taking 
up more room than when in one mass, it 
fills the mouth as if it had increased in 
quantity, and is attended with a nausea, 
which still increases the uneasiness of the 
sensation. M. 

213. In ore crevit cibus; Sen. Ep. 82. 
credit et invito lentus in ore cibus ; Ov. 
Her. xvi. 226. R. 

For sed vina, Herel happily conjectures 
Setina ; cf. v. 33 sq. x. 27. JR. 

214. Exspuit; note on xi. 173. 
Albani ; note on iv. 33. PR. and for 

the periphrasis, note on iv. 39. R. 

215. ' Wrinkles without end.' cf. i. 
120. M. 

216. Note on iv. 138. PR. 

218. Cf. iii. 280. M. adjice illos, qui 
non aliter, quam quibus difficilis somnus 
est, versa nt se et hoc atque illo modo com- 
ponunt, donee quietem lassitudine inveniant; 
Sen. de Tr. An. 2. Cat. 1. 10 sqq. Prop. 
I. xiv. 21. R. 

220. Cf. i. 1 67. LU. O v. Her. vii. 65 sqq. 

221. The ancients always held appa- 
ritions sacred ; and, as fear magnifies its 
objects, they were always fancied to 
appear larger than the life, especially in 
solitude, at night, and in dreams, cf. 
Virg. JE. ii. 772 sq. (C'E.) M. hostem 
frequenter ccesum, ac penitus in intimas 
solitudines actum, non prius destitit insequi 
(Drusus) quam species barbarae mulieris 
hum an a amplior, victor em tendere 
ultra, sermone Latino prohibuisset ; Suet. 
CI. 1. PR. Tac. An. xi. 21. (LZ\) HY, 
exc. xiii. on Virg. M. i. R. cf. Her. vii. 
12. 



sat. xiii. OF JUVENAL. 319 

Humana turbat pavidum cogitque fateri. 
Hi sunt, qui trepidant et ad omnia fulgura pallent, 
Quum tonat, exanimes primo quoque murmure cceli ; 
225 Non quasi fortuitus nec ventorum rabie sed 
Iratus cadat in terras et judicet ignis. 
Ilia nihil nocuit, cura graviore timetur 
Proxima tempestas, velut hoc dilata sereno. 
Praeterea, lateris vigili cum febre dolorem 



222. Ipse deus somno domitos emittere 
vocem jussit et invito* facta tegenda loqni ; 
Tib. I. ix. 27 sq. How much better is 
this, than the gloomy and unsatisfactory 
ideas of Lucretius upon the subject ; 
who, while he confesses the effect, en- 
deavours to ridicule the cause; and with 
the most palpable impressions of terror 
on his own mind, absurdly hopes to 
succeed in reasoning his followers out of 
their well-grounded apprehensions : nec 
facile est placidam ac pacatam degerevitam, 

qui violat factis communia faedera pads, 
etsifallit enim divum genus humanumque, 
perpetuo tamen id fore clam diffidere debet : 
quippe ubi se multi per somnia scepe lo- 
quentes t aut morbo delirantes procraxe 
ferautur, et celata diu in medium peccata 
dedisse; Lucr. v. 1153 sqq. G. 

223. Vis numquam tristis esse? recte 
v'we ; was an excellent precept of Isidore. 
LU. This is a vivid picture of the sense 
of religion bursting forth in the guilty 
breast, in spite of every effort to smother 
and extinguish it. cf. Sen. N. Q. ii. 59. 
R. Here again it is probable that our 
author had Lucretius in his thoughts : 
prceterea, cui non animus for midine divum 
contrahitur! cur non conrepunt membra 
pnvore,fulminis horribili cum plaga torrida 
tellua contremit, et magnum percurrunt 
murmura caelum! non populi gentesque 
tr em untl regesque superbi conripiunt di- 
vum perculsi membra tvnore, ne quod ob 
admissumfce.de dictumve superbe pxnarum 
grave sit solvendi tempus adactum! v. 
1217 sqq. These are noble lines : and, 
indeed, though I feel, and have often 
expressed, a contempt of this author's 
philosophical, yet I venerate his poetical, 
tslents. The book here quoted (for ex- 
ample) is an unrivalled composition. 
In pathos, in energy, in richness of lan- 
guage, in full and genuine sublimity, it 
leaves every thing, I think, in the Latin 
language, very far beneath it. G. 



Caligula, qui deos tantopere contemnerei, 
ad minima tonitrua et fulgura connivere, 
caput obvolvere, ad vero majora proripere 
se e strato sub lectumque condere solebat. 
peregrinatione quidem Siciliensi, irrisis 
multorum locorum miraculis, repente a 
Messana noctu profugit, Mtncei verticis 
fumo ac murmure pavefaclus ; Suet. 51. 
LU. On the contrary, see Hor. Ill Od. 
iii, 1 sqq. R. 

224. Hie mums aeneus esto, nil con- 
scire sibi, nulla pallescere culpa; Hor. I 
Ep. i. 60 sq. LU. 

225. That it was ' fortuitous' was the 
Epicurean opinion. BRI. cf. Hor. I S. v. 
101 sqq. M. Plm.ii. 43. Seo.N. Q.vi.3.R. 

■ From the violence of the winds' 
occasioning a collision of the clouds. VS. 
M. Sen. N. Q. i. 1 sqq. R. 

226. Iratus ' sent by the deity in his 
anger:' thus iracunda fulmina ; Hor. I 
Od. iii. 40. ^xkotov $y%or Pind. N. v. 
90. R. cf. v. 93. Ov. Her. vii. 72. 

' Is fraught with retributive justice.' 

227. Ilia ' if that first.' LU. 

228. ' This brief respite is but the 
calm before the gathering storm.' 

With these lines compare the following 
fine passage : " Let the great gods, That 
keep this dreadful pother o'er our heads, 
Find out their enemies now. Tremble, 
thou wretch, That hast within thee un- 
divulged crimes, Unwhipp'd of justice : 
hide thee, thou bloody hand ; Thou per- 
jured, and thou simular man of virtue, 
That art incestuous : caitiff, to pieces 
shake, That under covert and convenient 
seeming Hast practised on man's life ! 
Close pent-up guilts, Rive your conceal- 
ing continents, and cry These dreadful 
summoners grace Shaksp. K. Lear, 
III. ii. M. 

229. " Its burning vigil, deadliest foe 
to sleep, In their distemper'd frame if 
fever keep, Or sharp pleuritic pains their 
rest prevent, They deem that every god 



320 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XIII. 



230 Si ccepere pati, missum ad sua corpora morbum 
Infesto credunt a numine : saxa Deorum 
Hoec et tela putant. Pecudem spondere sacello 
Balantem et Laribus cristam promittere galli 
Non audent : quid enim sperare nocentibus aegris 

235 Concessum? vel quae non dignior hostia vita? 
Mobilis et varia est ferme natura malorum. 
Quum scelus admittunt, superest constantia. Quid fas 
Atque nefas, tandem incipiunt sentire peractis 
Criminibus. Tamen ad mores natura recurrit 

240 Damnatos, fixa et mutari nescia. Nam quis 
Peccandi finem posuit sibi ? quando recepit 



his bow has bent! That pains and aches 
are stones and arrows hurl'd At bold 
offenders in this nether world !" BM. 

230. C f. Hor. 1 1 O d . viii. 1 sqq. ( ML) R. 

231. Tu, Epicure, deum inerrnem facts : 
omnia Mi telu,omnem detraxisti potentiam, 
et, ne cuiquam metuendus esset, projecisti 
ilium extra motum ; Sen. de Ben. iv. 19. 
Acute diseases were supposed to be sent 
by the arrows of Apollo and Diana. R. 
cf. Horn. II. A 10 &c. The red right 
hand of offended deities was looked upon 
as armed with the forked fires and rever- 
berating peal of the thunderbolt ; (" Have 
I not heard great ordnance in the field 1 
And heaven's artillery thunder in 
the skies?" Shaksp. T. of the Shr. I. ii.) 
but plague, pestilence, and disease, uo 
less than thunder and lightning, were 
reckoned among the weapons, with which 
heaven's arsenals (armamentaria ccrti, 
v. 83.) were furnished. 

233. Cf. Plin. x. 21. On recovery 
from illness, it was customary to offer a 
cock to ^Esculapius. SCH . crista galli is 
a periphrasis. PR. cf. xii. 96. Plat. 
Fhced. 66. Plin. x. 56 s 77. R. 

234. Has 6to~i Sutroptv nb'ius, foiovvris 
igya a,ai$Y\\ Xen. atque hoc scetesti in 
animum inducunt mum, Jovem se placare 
posse donis, hostiis : et operam et sumtum 
perduunt : id eo Jit, qiua nihil ei acceptum 
est a perjuris supplicii ; Plaut. R. pr. 22 
sqq. G. 

236. Hoc hahent inter cetera boni mores, 
placent sibi ac permanent : levis est malitia, 
sape mutatur, 7ion in melius, sed in aliud ; 
Sen. Ep. 47. R. 

Natura malorum * the character of bad 
men.' JR. 



237. Quid egeris, turn patebit cum uni- 



mum uges ; ten. 



FA. 



238. Perpetrato scelere, ejus magnitude 
demum cognoscitur ; Sen. SCH. cf. 174. 
note. Such was the case in the fall of 
our first parents : Gen. iii. 7. &c. 

239. Custom becomes second nature. 
VS. cf. vii. 50 sqq. R. ex voluntate perversa 

facta est libido; et dum servitur libidini, 
facta est consuetudo ; et dum consuetudini 
non resistitur , facta est necessitas ; August. 
Conf. viii. 5. naturam expellasfurca, ta- 
men usque recurret ; Hor. I Ep. x. 24 sq. 
PR. '' As a dog returneth to his vomit ; 
so a fool returneth to his folly ;" Prov. 
xxvi. 11. " It is happened unto them 
according to the true proverb, The dog is 
turned to his own vomit again ; and the 
sow that was washed to her wallowing 
in the mire ;" II St Peter ii. 22. FA, 
" Can the Ethiopian change his skin, or 
the leopard his spots 1 Then may ye also 
do good, that are accustomed to do evil ;" 
Jer. xiii. 23. cf. xiv. 13, note. 

241. Nullum enim vitium desinit vbi 
incipit ; Sen. FA. No wicked man could 
ever say to his evil propensity, " Hitherto 
shalt thou come, but no further ; and 
here shall thy proud waves be stayed ;" 
Job xxxviii. 11. cf. ii. 83, note. M. 
The Christian can hardly wish for a 
more decisive inference in favour of the 
Gospel than is afforded by this passage. 
Heathenism could offer no sufficient 
inducement to repentance ; and therefore 
the mind, once engaged in sin, was for 
ever enslaved to it ; and in the just re- 
presentation of the Apostle, " gave itself 
over to work all uncleanness with greedi- 
ness ;" Eph. iv. 19. From what a dread- 



SAT. XIII. 



OF JUVENAL. 



321 



Ejectum semel adtrita de fronte ruborem ? 
Quisnam hominum est, quern tu contentum videris uno 
Flagitio ? Dabit in laqueum vestigia noster 
245 Perfidus et nigri patietur carceris uncum 

Aut maris JEgeei rupem scopulosque frequentes 
Exsulibus magnis. Poena gaudebis amara 
Nominis invisi tandemque fatebere laetus, 
Nec surdum nec Tiresiam quemquam esse Deorum. 



ful scene of determined vice and impeni- 
tence has the C hristian world been rescued 
by the acceptance of the doctrine of 
remission of sin through the agency of a 
mediator ! Those who would admit the 
morality of the Gospel without its doc- 
trinal points, should think again of this. 
It is observable that Juvenal, who had 
been certainly benefited by the precepts 
of Christianity, was uninfluenced by its 
faith : but this was for a time the case of 
heathenism at large. The world was 
silently improved by the spreading in- 
fluence of the Gospel; till at length the 
conviction of its divinity became too 
strong to be suppressed ; and what began 
in the humbler admiration of moral 
purity, ended in the dignity of faith. 
G. 

242. Cum perfricuit frontem posuitque 
pudorem-, Mart. XI. xxvii. 7. LU. Cic. 
T. Q. iii. 18. Calv. in Quint. IX. ii. 25. 
ER, CI. Cic. ' perfricare.' R. Jer. iii. 3. 
M. 



244. In the Hagiographa the wicked 
are often represented as laying a snare 
for their own feet ; as in Job xviii. 8 — 10. 
Psalm ix. 15 sq. Prov. v. 22. M. Or, it 
may mean, " Give him cord enough, and 
he will hang himself ;" or " Let him go 
on : he will come to the gallows at last." 

245. Uncum ; cf. x. 66. LU. It ra- 
ther means here ' the staple' in the dun- 
geon to which the prisoner's chains were 
fixed. Ov. Am. I. vi. 25. (if.) R. 

246. Pers. v. 142. PR. cf. vi. 563 sq. 
M. i. 73. R. 

248. Nominis i. e. hominis. SCH. Tib. 
III. iv. 61. (HY.) Hor. Ill Od. xxvii. 
34. (BY.) R. 

249. " That Heaven is neither deaf 
nor blind." G. Tiresias, the blind pro- 
phet of Thebes. O v. M. iii. 322 sqq. (BU.) 
Hyg. F. 75. SCH. cf. 113 sqq. M. Call. 
H. in Lav. Pall. 82. (SP.) Apoll. III. 
vi. 7. (HY.) R. Compare with this the 
fine opening of Claudian's first invective 
against Rufinus. 



2 T 



SATIRE XIV. 



ARGUMENT. 

The subjects of this Satire are of the most important kind, and the poet, 
as if fully aware of it, has treated them in his best manner. In none of 
his works docs he take a loftier flight ; in none is he more vigorous and 
energetic; in none more clear and precise in his style, more original in 
his conceptions, more happy in his illustrations, or more powerful and 
commanding in his general deductions. 

The whole is directed to the one great end of self-improvement. By 
showing the dreadful facility with which children copy the vices of their 
parents, 1 sqq. 31 sqq. he points out the necessity, as well as the sacred 
duty, of giving them examples of domestic purity and virtue. 38 — 85. 

After briefly enumerating the several vices of gaming, 4 sq. gluttony, 6 — 14. 
cruelty, 15 — 25. debauchery, 25 — 30. &c. 86 sqq. which youth imper- 
ceptibly imbibe from their elders; 31 sqq. he enters more at large into 
that of avarice; of which he shows the fatal and inevitable conse" 
quences. 107 sqq. 

Nothing can surpass the exquisiteness of this division of the Satire, in 
which he traces the progress of that passion in the youthful mind, from 
the paltry tricks of saving a broken meal, 126 — 137- to the daring vio- 
lation of every principle human and divine. 215 — 255. 

Having placed the absurdity, as well as the perplexity and danger, of im- 
moderate desires in every possible point of view, 256 — 314. the piece 
concludes with a solemn admonition to be satisfied with those comforts 
and conveniences which nature and wisdom require, and which a decent 
competence is easily calculated to supply. 315 — 326. Beyond this, 
desire is infinite : a gulf which nothing can fill, an ocean without 
soundings and without shores ! 327 — 331. G. 

With the latter part of this Satire, compare Horace I S. i. and II S. iii. 
108 sqq. With the former, Seneca de Ira, ii. 22. and Ep. 97- R. 



sat. xiv. THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. 



323 



Plurima sunt, Fuscine, et fama digna sinistra 
Et nitidis maculam haesuram figentia rebus, 
Quae monstrant ipsi pueris traduntque parentes. 
Si damnosa senem juvat alea, ludit et heres 
5 Bullatus parvoque eadem movet arma fritillo. 
Nec melius de se cuiquam sperare propinquo 
Concedet juvenis, qui radere tubera terrae, 
Boletum condire, et eodem jure natantes 
Mergere ficedulas didicit, nebulone parente 
10 Et cana monstrante gula. Quum Septimus annus 
Transient puero, nondum omni dente renato, 



1. It is not known who Fuscinus was. 
LU. 

3. Monstrant refers to their examples ; 
tradunt to their precepts. R. 

Cf. Plut. de Inst. Lib. utinam libero- 
rum nostrorum mores non ipsi perderemus ! 
injantiam statim deliciis solvimus: mollis 
ilia educatio, quam indulgentiam vocamus, 
nervos omnes et mentis et corporis frangit. 
quid non adultus concupiscet, qui in pur- 
puris repit ? nondum prima verba expri- 
mit, et jam coccum intelligit,jam con- 
chylium poscit ! ante palatum eorum 
quam os instituimus. gaudemus, si quid 
licentius dixerint. verba ne Alexandrinis 
quidem permittenda deliciis, risu et osculo 
excipimus , nec mirum : nos docuimus, ex 
nobis audierunt ; omne convivium obscenis 
canticis strepit : Jit ex his consuetudo, 
deinde natura. discunt hcec miseri, ante- 
quam sciant vitia esse : inde soluti ac fiu- 
entes, non accipiunt e scholis mala ista, sed 
in scholas afferunt; Quint. I. ii. 6 sqq. 
PR. ' The child whose swaddling clothes 
were of purple, was taught to know 
scarlet and call for crimson, before 
he could speak plainly!' It is rather 
singular that Juvenal should have over- 
looked this instance of absurd and perni- 
cious indulgence, which so well deserved 
the lash of the satirist. G. 

4. " If gaming does an aged sire entice, 
Then my young master swiftly learns 
the vice And shakes in hanging sleeves 
the little box and dice. 5 '" D. cf. i. 89 
sq. R. 

5. Arma ; note on i. 91. M. 
Fritillo, a diminutive of fritinnus an old 

word. SA. cf. Pers. iii. 50. PR. Theoph. 
Ch. v. 4. (CAS.) R. 



6. De se ' of the son than of the sire,' 
LU. or ' of him than of the one before 
mentioned.' M. " Nor does that infant 
fairer hopes inspire, Who, under the gray 
epicure, his sire, Has learn'd to pickle 
mushrooms, and, like him, To souse the 
beccaficos, till they swim !" G. 

7. ' To peel and scrape.' cf. v. 116. 
LU. ' truffles, morilles, champignons.' 
Ov. Am. III. xv. 2. Id. Med. Fac. 85. 
(H.) lycoperdon tuber of Linnaeus, cf. 
Mart. XIII. 1. Diosc. ii. 175. Plut, 
Symp. Q. iv. 11. R,. 

8. Boletus; cf. v. 147. SCH. 

9. ' The fig-pecker' was esteemed a 
great delicacy. Ath. ii. 24. Plin. x. 29 s 
44. (HA. ) It was the only bird of 
which epicures allowed the whole to be 
eaten : Gell. xv. 8. cum me jicus alat, 
cum pascar dulcibus nvis, cur potius nomen 
non dedit uva mihi? Mart. XIII. xlix. 
PR. 

10. Literally ' the gray gullet' i. e. 
' the hoary glutton.' So in the Apostle's 
quotation from the Cretan poet, yctffr'igts 
k^you (literally ' slow bellies') means 
4 lazy gluttons;' Titus i. 12. M. cf. iv. 
39. R. This is appositely applied by old 
Knowell. Speaking of the education 
which he gave his son, he says, " Nei- 
ther have I Drest snails or mushrooms 
curiously before him ; Perfumed my 
sauces, and taught him to make them, 
Preceding still with my gray gluttony, 
At all the ord'naries, and only fear'd 
His palate should degenerate, not his 
manners Every Man in his Humour. 
G. 

11. Post septem menses mandibulis dentes 
emergunt infantibus ; post annos septemqui 



324 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XIV. 



Barbatos licet admoveas mille inde magistros, 
Hinc totidem, cupiet lauto coenare paratu 
Semper et a magna non degenerare culina. 

15 Mitem animum et mores modicis erroribus aequos 
Praecipit atque animas servorum et corpora nostra 
Materia constare putat paribusque elementis, 
An saevire docet Rutilus, qui gaudet acerbo 
Plagarum strepitu et nullam Sirena flagellis 

20 Comparat, Antiphates trepidi laris ac Polyphemus, 
Turn felix, quoties aliquis tortore vocato 
Uritur ardenti duo propter lintea ferro ? 
Quid suadet juveni laetus stridore catenae, 
Quern mire afficiunt inscripta ergastula, career 



primi dentes emerserant, aliis aptioribus ad 
cibum solidum nascentibus cedunt ; Macr. 
S. Sc. i. 6. editis iufantibus primores dentes 
septimo gignuntur mense : iidem anno sep- 
timo decidunt, aliique sufficiuntur ; Plin. 
vii. 16. PR. 

12. Barbatos ' philosophers.' LU. Pers. 
iv. 1. Ancient sages were so called by 
the Romans out of respect : Cic. Fin. iv. 
barba sylvosa et pulcre alila, quamvis res 
ipsa sit exterior et fortuita, inter hominis 
ertiditi in*i±:7ua recensetur; Plin. Ep. Ath. 
xiii. PR. Hor. 11 S. hi. 35. M. Spectator, 
No. 331. 

1 Although you place a thousand Stoics 
on one side of him, and a thousand Cynics 
on the other to instil abstinence and tem- 
perance.' ill. R. 

13. Adeo in teneris consnescere mult urn 
est ; Virg. G. ii. 272. Hor. I Ep. ii. 69 
sq. vetus consuetudo natures vim obtinet ; 
Cic. de Inv. quasi altera natura est ; Id. 
de Fin. 7c/. T. Q. ii. 40. PR. cf, xiii. 239, 
note. 

14. ' Not to degenerate either in prin- 
ciple or in practice, from the profuse 
luxury of his father's ample kitchen.' M. 

15. Understand the enclitic ne, BRI. 
an, PR. or num. R. 

* To moderate faults.' nam vitiis nemo 
sine nascitur ; optimus ille est, qui minimis 
lirgetur; Hor. I S. iii. 68 sq. LU. 

16. The order of the words is animas 
et corpora servorum constare nostra materia. 

17. ' Of the same materials as our 
own, and of the like elements.' LU. PR. 
cf. vi. 222. M. Arr. Epict. Diss. xiii. R. 
One of the best chapters in Macrobius is 



on the subject of slavery. It contains a 
direct allusion to this passage : tibi autem 
uitde in servos ta7itum et tarn immune fas- 
tidium? quasinon ex iisdem tibi et constent 
et alantur elementis, eumdemnue spiritum 
ab eodun principe carpant ! vis tu cogilare 
eos, quos jus tuum vocas, iisdem seminibus 
ortos, eodem frui carlo, ceque vivere atque 
moril i. 2. These last expressions are 
taken from Seneca, who is a magazine 
of good things, to which our author, 
as well as Macrobius, was fond of apply- 
ing. G. 

18. Rutilus appears to have been a 
tyrannical master : we know nothing 
more of him. But see xi. 2 &c. PR. 

19. Cf. ix. 150. PR. 

20. Antiphates king of the Laestry- 
gonians, VS. who were cannibals. LU. 
Horn. Od. K 1 14 sqq. PR. Ov. M. xiv. 
233 sqq. R. 

Lar here signifies ' a household,' i. e. 
' the domestics.' LU. 

Polyphemus; ix. 64. PR. Horn. Od. A 
68. R. 

21. Tortor ; cf. vi. 480. M. 

22. 1 Red-hot iron plates were used in 
putting slaves to the torture.' PAS. Prop. 
III. vii. 35. Charit. Aphr. i. 5. pr. R. 

' For a couple of towels, either lost or 
stolen.' FA. 

23. Catenae ; viii. 180, note. FA. 

24. Quern relates to the father. PR. 
Inscripta 4 branded on the forehead.' 

FA. vincti pedes, damnatce manus, in- 
scripti vultus rura exercent ; Plin. xviii. 
3. Mart. VIII. lxxv. 9. inusti; Plin. 
xxii. 3. Hence slaves are called literati 



SAT. XIV. 



OF JUVENAL. 



325 



25 Rusticus ? Exspectas, ut non sit adultera Largae 
Filia, quae numquam maternos dicere moechos 
Tarn cito nec tanto poterit contexere cursu, 
Ut non ter decies respiret? Conscia matri 
Virgo fuit: ceras nunc hac dictante pusillas 

30 Implet et ad moechos dat eisdem ferre cinaedis. 
Sic natura jubet: velocius et citius nos 
Corrumpunt vitiorum exempla domestica, magnis 
Quum subeunt animos auctoribus. Unus et alter 
Forsitan haec spernant juvenes, quibus arte benigna 

35 Et meliore luto finxit praecordia Titan : 

Sed reliquos fugienda patrum vestigia ducunt 
Et monstrata diu veteris trahit orbita culpae. 
Abstineas igitur damnandis : hujus enim vel 
Una potens ratio est, ne crimina nostra sequantur 

40 Ex nobis geniti : quoniam dociles imitandis 



' men of letters' by Plautus, Cas. II. vi. 
49. and Apuleius, M. ix. Cicero calls a 
man compunction notis, stigmatiam ; 
Off. ii. 7. xxruygaQas , arty partus * irsXid- 
va? xa.) xvuvzog uvro <rwv ffriyfiartuv, ToXka, 
IfAiroXyru; "%vn xa) anfjt.ua. ruv lyxavfca- 
*■«»■ Luc. Catap. 24. 28. cf. x. 183. 
Claud, xx. 344. Petr. 103. p. 480. (BU.) 
Colum. x. 125. (GE.) Plin. Pan. xxxv. 
3. (SZ.) Diosc. Par. i. 116. iv. 76. R> 
PR. 

Ergastula is here put for the slaves 
themselves. FA. vi. 151, note, coli rura 
ab ergastulis pessimum est ; Plin. xviii. 
6. PR. The abstract for the concrete. 
R. 

Career. The ergastula, which were 
generally in the country, were under- 
ground cellars, lighted by narrow grat- 
ings, and were used as dungeons for re- 
fractory or runaway slaves. R. 

25. Cf. vi. 239 sqq. SCH. 

Larga must have been notorious at 
that day. SCH. 

26. Cf. x. 220 sqq. M. 

27. ' Nor string together with such 
rapidity.' FA. 

28. Cotiscia ; iii. 49. M. 

29. « Little love-letters,' FA. ' petits 
billets-doux ;' or the young lady had her 
little tablets, as the young gentleman had 
his little dice-box. M. cf. vi.233 and 239 
sqq. R. 



30. ' And gives to the very same go- 
betweens to carry to her sweethearts.' 
LU. y 

31. Plus homines exemplo quam peccato 
nocent ; Cic. Leg. iii. 32. LU. Sen. de Ira 
ii. 22. Quint. Inst. i. 2. Plut. de Puer. 
Inst. R. 

32. Whose authority can be greater 
than that of a parent 1 SCH. quod ex- 
emplo Jit, id etiam jure fieri putant ; Cic. 
Ep. iv. 3. PR. 

33. * When they insinuate themselves 
into.' LU. 

34. These instances are but exceptions 
to the general rule : for ad deteriora 
faciles sumus; Sen. Ep. 97. PR. 

35. Prometheus; cf. iv. 133. viii. 132. 
PR. vi. 13, notes, ti <r& Tl^o^ivs iir'ku.ai 
xa) 7f/i\ov (m\ ir'i^ov y'tyovecg' Callim. fr. 
133. On the other hand, we have those, 
deteriore luto quns condidit ; Claud, xx. 
496. R. 

37. Orbita is properly ' the track of a 
wheel :' sic orbem reipublicce esse conver- 
sum, ut vix sonitum audire, vix ingressam 
orbitam videre quis posset ; Cic. to Att. ii. 
21. PR. hence it comes to signify ' the 
course of life neque id ab orbita matrum- 
familias instituti ; Varro in Non. xiv. n. 
37. R. 

40. Ut ingenium est hominum proclive 
ad libidinem ; Ter. An. I. i. 50 sq. VS. 
Sil. i. 237. xi. 11. R. 



326 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XIV. 



Turpibus ac pravis omnes sumus; et Catilinam 
Quocumque in populo videas, quocumque sub axe : 
Sed nec Brutus erit, Bruti nec avunculus usquam. 
Nil dictu fcedum visuque haec limina tangat, 

45 Intra quae puer est. Procul hinc, procul inde puellae 
Lenonum et cantus pernoctantis parasiti. 
Maxima debetur puero reverentia. Si quid 
Turpe paras, ne tu pueri contemseris annos : 
Sed peccaturo obstet tibi filius infans. 

50 Nam si quid dignum Censoris fecerit ira 

Quandoque et similem tibi se non corpore tantum 
Nec vultu dederit, morum quoque filius et qui 
Omnia deterius tua per vestigia peccet, 
Corripies nimirum et castigabis acerbo 

55 Clamore ac post haec tabulas mutare parabis. 
Unde tibi frontem libertatemque parentis, 
Quum facias pejora senex vacuumque cerebro 
Jam pridem caput hoc ventosa cucurbita quadrat ? 



41. Omne tempus Clodios, non omne 
Catones fert ; Sen. Ep. 97. LU. 

42. Axe ; viii. 116. vi. 470. 

43. Brutus, the chief conspirator 
against Caesar, was the son of Servilia, 
who was sister to (. ato of Utica. LU. cf. 
v. 37. ii. 40. PR. 

44. Deeply impressed with the vast 
importance of his maxims, Juvenal de- 
livers them in this place with a kind of 
religious solemnity. That they were 
highly necessary may be learnt from 
Quintilian, quoted in note on v. 3. G. 

45. This was the formulary of speech 
made use of at. religious solemnities to 
prohibit the approach of the profane ; M. 
and intimates that the threshold, within 
which there was a child, was to be held 
sacred. R. ii. 89, note. hinc procul 
JEsonidem, procul hinc. jubet ire ministros, 
et monel arcanis oculos removere profanos ; 
Ov. M. vii. 255 sq. 

46. ' The pander's girls' and ' the 
parasite's midnight song' were only 
calculated to corrupt the morals of 
youth. 

Cf. i. 139. PR. 

47. Cato the Censor was as guarded 
in his language and behaviour before his 
son, as though he had been in the pre- 
sence of the Vestals. Plut. LU. 



48. ' Never fall into the mistake of 
thinking him too young to get any harm.' 
cf. Hor. A. P. 163. PR. There is a 
homely English proverb, which says 
" Little pitchers have great ears." 

49. " Think that your infant offspring 
eyes the deed ; And let the thought 
abate your guilty speed, Back from the 
headlong steep your steps entice, And 
check you tottering on the verge of vice." 
G. 

50. ' The anger' i. e. * the animadver- 
sion and punishment.' VS. 

51 . Quandoque ; ii. 82. 

54. Nimirum ; ii. 104. R. 

55. Parenles, si pergunt liberi errare, 
bonis exheredunt, inquit Metellus ; Gell. i. 
6. PR. 

56. Understand sumes, LU. on which 
elliptical form of expression, cf. Ov. Her. 
xii. 84. (H.) R. quo ore ilium objurgabill 
responde mihi ; Ter. Phor. V. vii. 53. 
VS. 

57. Cerebrum consilii sedes est ; Macr. 
vii. 5. and 9. cerebrum est velut arx sen- 
suum .... hie mentis est regimen; Plin. 
xi.37. PR. In English likewise we use 
' brain' for * sense.' 

58. 1 The exhausted cupping glass,' 
' ve7itouse.' phreniticis, occipitio inciso, 
curcurbiia admovenda est; Cels. iii. 18. 



SAT. XIV. 



OF JUVENAL. 



327 



Hospite venturo, cessabit nemo tuorum. 

60 " Verre pavimentum, nitidas ostende columnas, 
Arida cum tota descendat aranea tela, 
Hie leve argentum, vasa aspera tergeat alter 
Vox domini furit instantis virgamque tenentis. 
Ergo miser trepidas, ne stercore foeda canino 

65 Atria displiceant oculis venientis amici, 
Ne perfusa luto sit porticus ; et tamen uno 
Semodio scobis hsec emundat servulus unus. 
Illud non agitas, ut sanctam filius omni 
Adspiciat sine labe domum vitioque carentem ? 

70 Gratum est, quod patriae civem populoque dedisti, 
Si facis, ut patriae sit idoneus, utilis agris, 
Utilis et bellorum et pacis rebus agendis. 



Id. ii. 11. vii. 26. Plin. xxxii. 10. Plut. 
de An. Tr. and Q. Plat. med. It was so 
called from resembling a gourd in shape. 
Or a species of gourd (xoXoxvvSns) may 
be meant ; [some of which are valuable 
and powerful medicines ; as ' c o 1 o- 
cynth' or 'the bitter apple,' and the 
sediment from the juice of the momordica 
or • squirting cucumber,' known by the 
name of elaterium. The latter plant is 
indigenous in the South of Europe.] cf. 
Plin. xx. 3. Ath. ii. 18. J. PR. R. 

59. Qui domum intraverit, nos potius 
miretur, quam supellectilem nostrum ; Sen. 
Ep. 5. J. num domum aut villam exstruere 
eamque signis, aulceis uliisque operibus 
exornare et omnia potius quam semet visen- 
dum efficere, id est, non divitias decori 
habere, sed ipsum illis fiagitio esse ; Sail. 
de Rep. Ord. i. R. 

60. The Roman floors were either 
paved with stone or marble, or made of a 
sort of stucco composed of shells reduced 
to powder and mixed in a due consistency 
with water ; this, when dry, was very 
hard and smooth. Hence pavimentum 
was called ostraceum or testaceum. These 
floors are common in Italy to this day. 
BRI. M. 

The Romans were very fond of adorn- 
ing their buildings with pillars, particu- 
larly their rooms of state and entertain- 
ment : cf. vii. 182 sq. The capitals of 
the pillars would be very apt to collect 
dust. M. 

61. Cf. Plin. xi. 24, PR. 

62. ' The polished plate, and that 



which is embossed.' argento perfecta at- 
que aspera signis pocula ; Virg. JE. ix. 
263. v. 267. (HY.) Pers. iii. 69 sq. VS. 
LU. i. 76, note. M. Sil. ii. 432. v. 141. 
Ov. M. xii. 235. xiii. 700. (H.) R. 

63. " The master cries, Whips in his 
hands and fury in his eyes." G. 

65. ' The entrance hall was usually a 
very filthy place; and indeed nothing 
can be more so than the atria of the 
Italian nobility at this day. In one 
corner horses are tied up and fed, in 
another a cobbler is at work, in a third 
a pedlar displaying his wares, &c. &c. 
G. 

67. ' Saw-dust' was probably used 
among them (as it is now in the shops of 
London) for laying the dust while the 
dirt was swept away : as housemaids 
sprinkle tea-leaves over a carpet before 
they brush out the room. 

Our stone or brick floors are strewed 
with sand for cleanliness. M. Helioga- 
balus was said to strew his gallery with 
gold and silver dust. HO. cf. Col. IV. 
xxix. 16. (SGN.) R. 

68. Sanctam ; ' Hor. IV Od. iv. 25. 
(Br.) R. 

69. " And do you stir not, that your 
son may see The house from moral 
filth, from vices, freel" G. 

70. Ovid also unites patria populoque ; 
M. xv. 572. • the state and the people.' 
R. BY, on Hor. Ill Od. vi. 20. pro- 
posed to read patribus. Thus we should 
avoid the recurrence of the same word : 
but see note on xi. 144. 



3*28 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XIV. 



Plurimum enim intererit, quibus artibus et quibus hunc tu 
Moribus instituas. Serpente ciconia pullos 

75 Nutrit et inventa per devia rura lacerta : 
Illi eadem sumtis quaerunt animalia pinnis. 
Vultur jumento et canibus crucibusque relictis 
Ad fetus properat partemque cadaveris affert. 
Hie est ergo cibus inagni quoque vulturis et se 

80 Pascentis, propria qimm jam facit arbore nidos. 
Sed leporem aut capream famulae Jovis et generosa? 
In saltu venantur aves : hinc praeda cubili 
Ponitur : inde autem, quum se matura levarit 
Progenies stimulante fame, festinat ad illam, 

85 Quam primum praedam rupto gustaverat ovo. 
iEdificator erat Cetronius et modo curvo 
Litore Caietae, summa nunc Tiburis arce, 



74. Illis in Tfiessalia tantus Jionos ser- 
pentum eiitio habilus est, ut ciconiam 
occidere capitate sit, eadem legibus poena, 
qua in homicidas ; Plin. x. 23. SCH. 
Plut. Q. Conv. viii. 7. de Is. PR. Hor. 
1 Ep. ii. eiir. R. 

75. Devia ' places out of the way 
avia ' where there is no road ;' invia 
' impassable.' 

76. Sumtis pinnis; Ov. M. iv. 561. 
(H.) R. 

80. Vultures (iv. 111.) build their 
nests on lofty inaccessible rocks ; Plin. 
x. 6. (HA.) cf. Plut Q. Rom. 93. LU. 
PR. sometimes, though rarely, on trees, 
cf. Arist. H. A. vi. 6. ix. 15. R. 

81. Leporem: cf. ^sch. Ag. 1 17 sqq. 
quulis ubi aut leporem aut candenti 
corpore eyenum sustulit alta petens prdibus 
Jovis armiger nncis; Virg. iE, ix. 
563 sq. 

' The eagle' is represented not only as 
Jove's armour-bearer, carrying his thun- 
derbolts, Plin. ii. 55. x. 3. but as exe- 
cuting his other behests, the carrying off 
of Ganymede for instance. LU. Hyg. 
Astr. Poet. She also fed him with nec- 
tar while he was concealed in the Cretan 
caves: Ath. xi. 12. RH. PR. tninister 
fulminis ales ; Hor. IV Od. iv. 1 sqq. M. 
ogvn Aio; Kgovfiao ^iec»<re^es' Antip. Ep. 
xcii. in Br. An. t. ii. p. 32. R. Aies 
imjvo; xvuv, ^ctQwos atref ^Esch. P. V. 
1057 sq. 828. (BL.) Jovis satelles ; Acc. 
Pr.in Cic.T. Q.ii. 10. 

82. By ' noble birds' are meant either 



eagles themselves, R. or hawks, falcons, 
&c. LU. 

85. " The stork, with newts and ser- 
pents from the wood And pathless wild, 
supports her callow brood ; And the 
fledged storklings, when to wing they 
take, Seek the same reptiles through the 
devious brake. The vulture snuffs from 
far the tainted gale, And, hurrying where 
the putrid scents exhale, From gibbets 
and from graves the carcase tears, And 
to her young the loathsome dainty bears ; 
Her young, grown vigorous, hasten from 
the nest, And gorge on carrion with the 
parent's zest. While Jove's own eagle, 
bird of noble of blood, Scours the wide 
champaign for untainted food, Bears the 
swift hare or swifter fawn away, And 
feeds her nestlings with the generous 
prey : Her nestlings hence, when from 
the rock they spring And, pinch'd by 
hunger, to the quarry wing, Stoop only 
to the game they tasted first, When 
clamorous, from the parent shell they 
burst." This, however, is a vulgar pre- 
judice ; though Buffon and other natu- 
ralists have been misled by it. The 
eagle is scarcely more delicate in the 
choice of its food than the vulture. G. 
The preceding translation is so admirable, 
that I could not resist the pleasure of 
giving it entire. 

86. ' Had a passion for building.' cf. 
Flor. I. viii. 4. Mart. IX. xlvii. R. 

87. Caieta, now ' Gaeta,' was so called 
from a Laconic word signifying ' curved :' 



at. xiv. OF JUVENAL. 329 

Nunc Praenestinis in montibus alta parabat 
Culmina villamm Graecis longeque petitis 

90 Marmoribus, vincens Fortunae atque Herculis aedem, 
Ut spado vincebat Capitolia nostra Posides. 
Dum sic ergo habitat Cetronius, imminuit rem, 
Fregit opes ; nec parva tamen mensura relictae 
Partis erat : totam hanc turbavit filius amens, 

95 Dum meliore novas attollit marmore villas. 

Quidam sortiti metuentem sabbata patrem, 
Nil praeter nubes et coeli numen adorant 



Strab. vi. p. 330. or after the nurse of 
yEneas: Virg. M. vii. 1 sq. (HY.) 
LU. 

89. Grcscis. pretiosi generis marmor 
exstitit Lacedcemonium viride, cunctisque 
hilarius; Plin. xxxvi. 7. PR. Stat. S. 
III. i. 5. R. xi. 173. note. 

Longe. Among other marbles, Pliny 
mentions the Augustan and Tiberian, 
both from Egypt, the Naxian, Armenian, 
Parian, Chian, Sicyoniau, Synnadic, Nu- 
midian, &c. PR. 

90. The temple of Fortune at Prasneste 
was a noble edifice, VS. erected by Au- 
gustus, from which oracles were delivered. 
Hence Fortune was called dsa Prcenes- 
tina: Ov. F. vi. 62. Strab. v. p. 165. 
Liv. xlii. 1. Suet. Tib. 63. Prop. II. 
xxxii. 3. Cic. de Div. ii. 41. E. Plin. 
xxxvi. 22. 25. PR. 

The temple of Hercules at Tibur, VS. 
was built by Marcius Philippus, the step- 
father of Augustus. BRI. Strab. v. p. 164. 
Prop. II. xxxii. 5. IV. vii. 82. R. Suet. 
Aug. 29. PR. 

91. * The eunuch Posides' was a freed- 
man of Claudius and a great favourite 
with that emperor, who bestowed on him 
some of the most honourable rewards of 
military merit. Suet. 28. VS. Like most 
of the emperor's other favourites, he 
amassed vast wealth, which, with some- 
what better taste than the rest, he lavished 
in building. G. Pliny mentions the mag- 
nificent baths erected by him in the bay 
of Baiae ; xxxi. 2. PR. 

' Our Capitols.' The plural for the 
singular; as in x. 65. R. There were, 
however, two Capitols in Rome, the old 
and the new, the former in the eighth 
district of the city, the latter in the sixth. 
Amm. Marc. RH. Besides which, there 
were Capitols at Capua, Pompeii, Bene- 

2 



ventum, and other towns of Italy. A. T. 
cf. Sil. xi. 265. R. 

94. Turbavit: cf. vii. 129. R. 

96. ' Fearful of profaning.' LU. cf. 
vi. 159. PR. Pers. v. 180 sqq. notes 
Suet. Aug. 76. Petr. xxxv. 6. Just, 
xxxvi. 2. R. Ov. R. A. 219. jEl. V. H. 
xii. 35. (PER.) Hor. I S. iv. 142 sq. K. 
v. 101. 

97. Judcei mente sola un unique nu- 
men intelligujit : prnfanos, qui deum ima- 
gines mortulibus materiis in species hominwii 
ejfingant : summum illud et aet emu m 
neque mutabile neque int eritu- 
r u m : igitur nulla simulacra urbibus suis, 
nedum templis sinunt; Tac. H. v. 5. 
For a similar reason Aristophanes cari- 
catured Socrates as a cloud-worshipper. 
LU. ivce, Vi Ttva IfffcVQw; trtfiovtrtv' ovV 
a.yet'kp.u, ovTtv Iv ?o7; e IzgotToXvfitOi; sff%o»" 
apfiyirav £s $b xai a, s t § n &sov vo(jt.l- 
%ovri; ihat, vrsgnrtroroiroi clvS^uttuv fynffxtu- 
ovirr xa) uutco viaiv <rs fiiyitrrov xa,} trsgi- 
xakkiir-TCtTov . vXkv xceff ocrov a.%a.r/i; rt 
xu) uvagoQos ?iv,t%z<Tai*io-av- DlOXXXvil. 17. 
Petronius says of the Jew, et cceli summas 
advocat auriculas; fr. p. 683. LI. Our 
author, though sensible enough to laugh 
at the deities of pagan Rome, had not 
the wisdom to understand the one true 
God. He was to Juvenal, as to the 
Athenians, oiyveaa-ros 6iU* Acts xvii. 23. 
For " The woild by wisdom knew not 
God;" I Cor. i. 21. M. A truth 
which should sink deep into our minds. 
Tacitus, after the sublime description 
above given, carelessly turned from a 
Being ' immutable, incomprehensible, 
omnipotent, and eternal,' as a mere 
visionary creation of the Jews, and hum- 
bled himself before the impure and brutal 
idols of his own country. Dio, after the 
lofty and energetic language he has used, 
U 



330 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XIV. 



Nec distare putant humana came suillam, 
Qua pater abstinuit ; mox et praeputia ponunt : 
100 Romanas autem soliti contemnere leges, 

Judaicum ediscunt et servant ac metuunt jus, 
Tradidit arcano quodcumque volumine Moses : — 
Non monstrare vias, eadem nisi sacra colenti ; 



was unable to perceive the superior un- 
derstanding of the Jews in worshipping a 
Being ' ineffable and invisible,' instead 
of the stocks and stones before which he 
himself bowed down. He dismisses the 
one true God from his thoughts, and 
insults His worshippers as a weak and 
credulous nation ! Thus the attributes of 
Jehovah, though repeated by the wisest 
of the heathens after the Jews, conveyed 
no ideus to their minds. It is to revelation 
only that we are indebted for just and 
rational conceptions on the subject : and 
if the deists of modern times have more 
distinct and adequatenotionsof the Divine 
Being, than Tacitus and Uio and Juvenal; 
it is still to the manifestations which he 
has been pleased to make of himself, 
that they owe then), however prejudice 
or pride may operate to prevent the ac- 
knowledgement. G. 

By numcn emit is meant that ' the ma- 
terial heaven' (" The blue a-.therial sky ;" 
Addison, Psalm xix.) 1 is their deity.' M. 
This gross conception of the Romans 
arose from the Jews having no visible re- 
presentation of the Deity. Romanorum 
primus Cn. Pompeius Judceos domuit : tem- 
plumqne jure viclnrice ingressus est. inde 
vulgatum, nulla inius dcum effigie vacaam 
sedan et inania arcana ; Tac. H. v. 9. G. 
Unless we can suppose it to have origi- 
nated in the narrative of 1 the cloud' 
which appeared on Mount Sinai, and of 
the pillar of ' cloud,' which, as a symbol 
of the Divine presence, conducted the 
Israelites on their march by day. BRI. 
Exod, xiv. &c. xxiv. &c. Psalm xcvii. 2. 

98. Levit. xi. 7. Tac. H. v. 4. PR. 
vi. 159. LU. 

99. ' They adopt circumcision,' VS. Gen. 
xvii. lOsqq. Deut. xi. 16. ut diversitate nos- 
cantur; tac. H. v. 5. Pers. v. 184. PR. 

100. Exodus xxiii. 24. M. Moses, quo 
sibi in poster um gentem firmaret, novosritus 
contrariotque ceteris mortulibus indidit: 
profana illic omnia, qua apud nos sacra ; 
rursum concessa apud illos, quce nobis in- 
cesta, Tac. H. v. 4. nec quidquam prius 
imbuuntur, quam contemnere deos ; exuere 



patriam ; parentes, liberos, frulres, vilia 
habere; 5. Plin. xiii. 4. R. 

102. A copy of the Pentateuch, or five 
books of Moses, was kept (as it is to this 
day) in every synagogue, locked up in a 
press or chest (area), and never exposed 
to sight, unless when brought out to be 
read at the time of worship : at the con- 
clusion of the service, it was returned to 
its place and again locked up. M. 

' Volume.' Her. i. 125, note. 

103. Apud ipsos misericordia in promtu, 
sed adversus omnes alios hostile odium ; 
separati epulis, ducreti cubilibus ; Tac. H. 
v. 5. cf. Cic. Off. iii. 55. PR. ib. i. 15. 
Diph. in Ath. vi. 9. St Matt. v. 43. R. 
On the contrary, 1 the volume of Moses' 
inculcates justice and humanity to stran- 
gers by the most forcible and pathetic 
appeals to the feelings of the people: see 
Exod. xxii. 21. xxiii. 9, 12. Deut. xxiv. 
14 — 22. Where * the stranger' is asso- 
ciated by Moses with the two most inte- 
resting objects of human kindness, 1 the 
fatherless' and ' the widow.' [cf. also 
Levit. xix. 9 sq. 33 sq. xxv. 35. Deut. i. 
16. x. 18 sq.] Our author was confess- 
edly as ignorant of the laws as of the 
practices of the Jews : all that he says 
amounts to nothing more than the old 
charges against them, which had been 
refuted again and again. Even while he 
was writing Josephus had noticed and 
repelled them : f&wvuv Ti xa) ras obov; 
toT; ciyvoovtri . xaCi yiXuru 6n(>uif&tvot>; 
uuroT; Ift-vohll^uv, x. <r. X. A. J. 1 V. viii. 
31. <rabs -x TctQi^'you vrgoeriovrctg uvct- 
y.'iy\V!j(!cLi Tali <ruvr,fcluis olx \6i\yi<ri' reiWa 

frpoi'ipyjxiv, u>i Icrrtv ri f/,tTUO*oiri; avozyxxiot' 
TeZtri rruoi^iiv <ro7s ^iof/Avoi; "Tv^, v$wg, 
<rpatphv, ohcb; <Pgd<ritv, x. <r. X. C. App. li. 28. 

The pagans talked of IVloses, but they 
knew him only through the corrupt sects 
into which, in its latter age, Judaism was 
divided. From this circumstance alone, 
came all that abuse of the Hebrew system , 
with which the Greek and Roman writers 
abound, and which has been, either igno- 
rantly or wilfully, continued to our time 
by Voltaire, Gibbon, and others. G. 



SAT. XIV. 



OF JUVENAL. 



331 



Quaesitum ad fontem solos deducere verpos. 

105 Sed pater in causa, cui septima quaeque fuit lux 
Ignava et partem vitae non attigit ullam. 

Sponte tamen juvenes imitantur cetera : solam 
Inviti quoque avaritiam exercere jubentur. 
Fallit enim vitium specie virtutis et umbra, 

110 Quum sit triste habitu vultuque et veste severum. 
Nec dubie tamquam frugi laudatur avarus, 
Tamquam parcus homo et rerum tutela suarum 
Certa magis, quam si fortunas servet easdem 
Hesperidum serpens aut Ponticus. Adde quod hunc, de 

115 Quo loquor, egregium populus putat acquirendi 
Artiflcem : quippe his crescunt patrimonia fabris. 
Sed crescunt quocumque modo majoraque fiunt 
Incude adsidua semperque ardente camino. 
Et pater ergo animi felices credit avaros, 



104. ' The circumcised alone.' T. 
verpus is the same as apella ; Hor. I S. v. 
100. and recutitus; Pers. v. 184. PR. 

105. Septimo die otium placuisse, fe- 
runt : quia is finem labor um iuler it : dein, 
blandiente inertia, septimum quoque annum 
ignavice datum ; Tac. H. v. 4. PR. Dio 
xxxvii. 17. <ra(ifia.Tx -^vz^a' Meleag. 83. 
in Br. An. t. i. p. 24.frigida sabbata, and 
septima quctque dies turpi damnata veterno ; 
Rutil. i. 389 sqq. R. 

108. For imberbis juvenis utilium (est) 
tardus provisor, prodigxis aris, but (senex) 
quarit et inventis miser abstinet ac timet uti ; 
Hor. A. P. 164. 170. PR. I S. ii. 16 sqq. 
Pers. vi. 22 sqq. R. o\ /u.h viot (piXo^o'h- 
ftacroi nxitrra, ro f/^vea tvtisias Tifta- 
gZorHcti' oi Tz V(>i<T(&vrtQoi oLViXivhooi, lita 
ya.^ rm sftTitgictv 'Iffotfftv. a>s %ocXiTov to 
xrvio'ae-6xt, xai pahav to avrofZccXtTv Arist. 
Kh. II. xiv. 2. xv. cf. 124, note. 

10.9. Decipimur specie recti; Hor. A. P. 
25. LU. timidus se cauium vocat, sordidus 
parcum $c. Sen. Ep. 45. PR. Ov. Pv. A. 
323 sq. R. " For this grave vice, as- 
suming virtue's guise, Seems virtue's self, 
to superficial eyes." G. xiii. 109 sq. notes. 
Pers. v. 105. Spectator, No. 373. [Livy 
xxii, 12, 19. ED.] 

110. Cf. St Matthew vi. 16. M. 

111. Cf. Hor. I S. iii. 49 sqq. R. 
114. Cf. notes on v. 152. and i. 10. 

LU. The golden fleece which Phryxus 



had hung up on a tree in Colchis was 
guarded by a similar sentinel : FA. and 
one of the very same lineage, being born 
of Typhon and Echidna: see (1) HY, 
on Apoll. and Virg. (2) Schol. on A poll. 
Rh. ii. 1213 sqq. Diod. iv. 49. Ov. M. 
vii. 149 sqq. R. All their vigilance did 
not save the former from the prowess of 
Hercules or the latter from the enterprize 
of Jason. M. 

115. Besides which, the generality of 
people judge of a man by what he is 
worth : bona pars hominum decepta cupi- 
dine falsa " Nil satis est;" inquit ; "quia 
tanti, quantum habeas, sis;" Hor. I S. i. 
61 sq. M. 

116. The words fabris, incude, and 
camino are all borrowed from the art of 
metallurgy and, in particular, the coin- 
ing of money. FA. 

117. ' By fair means or foul,' accord- 
ing to the sayings ; mea nil refert, dum 
potiar modo ; Ter. Eun. II. iii. 28. FA. 
and lucri bonus est odor ex re qualibet; 
204. cf. 206, note. 

1 19. Animi after felices, by a Grecism : 
FA. the genitive case denoting in what 
respect the word, which governs it, is 
to be understood. 

Vossapere et solos aio bene vivere, quo- 
rum conspicitur nitidis fundata pecunia 
villis ; Hor. I Ep. xv. 45 sq. PR. Aris- 
totle rejects at once the claim of the 



332 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XIV. 



120 Qui miratur opes, qui nulla exempla beati 

Pauperis esse putat : juvenes hortatur, ut illam 

Ire viam pergant et eidem incumbere sectae. 

Sunt quaedam vitiorum elementa : his protenus illos 

Imbuit et cogit minimas ediseere sordes. 
125 Mox acquirendi docet insatiabile votum. 

Servorum ventres modio castigat iniquo, 

Ipsequoqueesuriens; neque enim omnia sustinet umquam 

Mucida caerulei panis consumere frusta, 

Hesternum solitus medio servare minutal 
130 Septembri; nec non differre in tempora ccenae 

Alterius conchem aestivam cum parte lacerti 



X(>n paritr t*s (i'tot to be considered a life 
of happiness, ou the ground of its being 
fi'iciiof' Eth. i. 5. 

120. The oracle of Apollo proclaimed 
as the happiest ol men, A^laus an Arca- 
dian, who had never gone beyond the 
ring-fence of his little hereditary estate: 
Plin. vii. 46. VS. potest etiam et beatissi- 
mus animus sub quavis cute latere ; Sen. 
LU. Apuleius descants very eloquently 
in praise of poverty : enimvero Paupertas 
olim philosophic vernacula est ,Jrugi,sobria, 
puno potens, cemula laudis, adversum di- 
vitias possessa, habilu secura, cultu simplex, 
consilio benesuada : neminem umquam su- 
perbia iujluvit, neminem itnpotcntiu depra- 
vavit, neminem tyrannide efferavit. . . . 
maxima quaque sctlera si ex omni memoria 
hominum percenseus, nullum in illis pau- 
perem reperies : . . . sed quemcumque in 
aliqua laude iniramur, eum Paupertas ab 
incunabulis nutricata est. Paupertas, in- 
quam, prisca apud scecula omnium civitu- 
tum conditrix, omnium arlium repertrix, 
omnium peccatorum inops, omnis gloria 
munifica, cunctis laudibus apud omnes na- 
tiones perfuncta. eadem enim est Paupertas 
apud Grcecos in Aristide justa, in Phocione 
benigna, in Epaminondu strenua, in Socrate 
sapiens, in Horn era diserta. eadem Pauper- 
tas etiam populo Romano imperium a 
primordio fundavii : <S\V. Apol. PR. 
Poverty however is distinguished from 
penury. Paupertas est non quce pauca 
possidet, sed quce mult a non possidet ; Sen. 
Ep. 87. R. note on vi. 287. 

121. Hor. A. P. 325 sqq. PR. 

122. " Bids his son pursue Their steps 
and keep that thriving sect in view." G. 
Cic. N. D. ii. 22. for Ccel. 17. R. 



123. Vitiorum, because " The love of 
money is the root of all evil 1 Tim. vi. 
10. LU. 

124. " Vice boasts its elements like 
other arts ; These he inculcates first : 
anon, imparts The petty tricks of sav- 
ing." G. " Our adventurer was the 
thud son of an eminent citizen, who had 
taken particular care to instil into his 
mind an early love of gain, by making 
him a perfect master of numbers, and 
consequently giving him a quick view of 
loss and advantage, and preventing the 
natural impulses of his passion, by pre- 
possession towards his interests;" Specta- 
tor, No. 11. 

125. Amor hubendi ; Virg. JE. viii. 
327. M. 

126. <&iibuvtw [tir^u rov Tvvoaxu tyxt- 
xgouffftzvu) fttrgeTv avvos <ro7s ivocv ra \<xi- 
rnbuoc, tr<po'o(>a, a-ro^/uV Theoph. Ch. xi. 
extr. (CAS.) LU. R. cf. ix. 122, note. 

127. His own meanness subjects him 
to the torments of Tantalus, starving in 
the midst of plenty, magnas inter opes 
inops; Hor. Ill Od. xvi. 28. LU. 

Sustinet, xv. 88. R. 

128. Cf. Hor. II S. ii. 57 sqq. R. 

129. ' A hash,' LU. « of yesterday;' 
already two days old in its present form. 
M. down tuXos' Ath. vii. 2. the epithet 
implies ' stale and rancid.' SW. The 
ingredients of their hashes were various, 
cf. Isid. Mart. XI. xxxii. ll.Apic. iv. 
3. viii. 8. R. 

Solitus servare ; Mart. I. civ. 7. R. 

130. Septembri: notes on vi. 517. PR. 
iv. 59. Hor. I Ep. xvi. 16. R. 

Differre fyc. Aur. Vict. Epit. xxiv. R. 

131. Conchem ; iii. 293. MG. It 



SAT. XIV. 



OF JUVENAL. 



333 



Signatam vel dimidio putrique siluro 
Filaque sectivi numerata includere porri. 
Invitatus ad haec aliquis de ponte negabit. 

135 Sed quo divitias heec per tormenta coactas, 

Quum furor haud dubius, quum sit manifesta phrenesis, 

Ut locuples moriaris, egenti vivere fato ? 

Interea pleno quum turget sacculus ore, 

Crescit amor numi, quantum ipsa pecunia crevit; 

140 Et minus hanc optat, qui non habet. Ergo paratur 
Altera villa tibi, quum rus non sufficit unum, 
Et proferre libet fines ; majorque videtur 



being summer, they would be more 
tough. R. 

Lacerti, a common sort of salted fish ; 
VS. Ath. iii. 33. Strab. iii. Plin. xxxii. 
11. Mart. VII. Ixxvii.PR. ' mackerel:' 
XI. xxviii. 3. liii. 7. XII. xix. Ov. F. ii. 
578. ( H.) R. perhaps the fish known by 
the name of ' Sardinia/ [sardina, FS.] a 
coarser kind of anchovy ; ' a pilchard.' 

132. ' He even puts his seal upon the 
cupboard to prevent his servants from 
pilfering or picking it.' LU. Pers. vi. 17, 
note. PR. The ancient housewife used 
to keep her stores under seal, and not 
under lock and key as now. The miser 
does not even trust his wife, but acts 
as his own housekeeper. Plin. xxxiii. 1. 
Cic. ad Div. xvi. 26. Plaut. Pers. II. iii. 
15. Hor. II Ep. ii. 134. {TO.) Tac. A. 
ii. (LI.) Cic. Ph. ii. 58. ra xxraksiTo- 
y.iva K9TG Tr,s rguTify; '/ifi'itrw tojv pxtpoi.v'ihcov 
uToy^dcpur^xi/lvex. ol hiaxovovvns noutis (w 
Xctfiwo-iv Theoph. Ch. xi. extr. R. Lucian 
also thus describes another sordid old 
fellow, who has just come home after 
dining" nut, ccoiPfcu <xuga.Xa.!&ajy ra xg'sct, 
oToffa ru truth) xc&rovriv ttrrturt tfctgctSiha- 
xu. xxi l<Titrn{yt.yiva./Ji.i)>os ivri/utkus to u.7t 
ixsivsv. xafavdsi. CAS. 

This use of que resembles the use of et 
between ?nulta and another adjective : 
notes 71 on Her. vii. 9. and 67 on Her. 
viii. 61. 

Siluro ; iv. 33. PR. ffwrgov JtXougov" 
Sep. and Diod. in Ath. vi. 4. and 9. R. 

133. Cf. iii. 293, note. M. Plin. xix. 
6. PR. There are fibres resembling 
threads which hang downwards from the 
bottom of a leek. These the miser is so 
stingy as to lock up, after having first 
counted them. The epithets, sectivum 



and sectile are given to that sort of leek, 
from its being usual to cut or shred it 
into small pieces before it was mixed 
with other articles of food. M. 

134. De ponte ; iv. 116. v. 8. SA. Sen. 
de V. B. 25. Mart. X. v. 3. Ov. Ib. 418. 
R. 

135. Cf. Hor. I S. i. 70 sqq. Under- 
stand habes or possides : thus quo tantam 
pecuniam ? Cic. Verr. II. ii. 55. quo 
mihi fortunam, si non conceditur utif 
Hor. I Ep. v. 12. R. 

136. Danda est hellebori multo pars 
maxima avaris', nescio an Anticvram 
ratio itlis destinet omnem ; Hor. II S. iii. 
82 sq. PR. cf. xiii. 97, note. 

137. Avaritia vero senilis quid sibi velit, 
non intelligo: potest enim esse quidquam 
absurdius, quam quo minus vicz restat, eo 
plus viatici qucerere ? Cic. Sen. 65. PR. 

139. Crescentem sequitur cur a pecuniam 
majorumque fames ; Hor. Ill Od. xvi. 17 
sq. LU. just as crescit indulgens sibi dirus 
hydrops ; Hor. II Od. ii. 13 sqq. (MI.) 
M. Sen. de Ben. 27. Ep. 94. 119. creve- 
runt et opes et opum furiosa cupido, et 
cum possideant plurima plura volunt ; 
qucerere ut absumant, absumta requirere 
certant, atque ipsa vitiis sunt alimenta 
vices, sic, quibus inlumuit suffusa venter ab 
undo,, quo plus sunt potce, plus sitiuntur 
aqucB ; Ov. F. i. 211 sqq. R. 

140. Is minime eget mortalis, qui mini- 
mum cupit ; Sen. and semper avarus egei. 
LU. 

Paratur, and mercaris, 143. may de- 
note the incomplete act : ' you are on 
the look out for' and * you are in treaty 
for.' R. ifucrdouro <zrctg ovx ixdidovrog r*iv 
avXnr Her. i. 68. 

142. si angulus ille proximus aces 



334 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XIV. 



Et melior vicina seges : mercaris et hanc et 
Arbusta et densa montem qui canet oliva. 

145 Quorum si pretio dominus nou vincitur ullo, 
Nocte boves macri lassoque famelica collo 
Jumenta ad virides hujus mittentur aristas; 
Nec prius inde domum, quam tota novalia saevos 
In ventres abeant, ut credas falcibus actum. 

150 Dicere vix possis, quam multi talia plorent 
Et quot venales injuria fecerit agros. 
Sed qui sermones ? quam f cedse buccina famae ? 
" Quid nocet hoc ?" inquit. " Tunicam mihi malo lupini, 
Quam si me toto laudet vicinia pago 

155 Exigui ruris paucissima farra secantem." 
Scilicet et morbis et debilitate carebis 
Et luctum et curam effugies et tempora vitae 
Longa tibi post haec fato meliore dabuntur, 
Si tantum culti solus possederis agri, 

160 Quantum sub Tatio populus Romanus arabat. 



dat! Hor. II S. vi. 8 sq. LU. II Od. 
xviii. 17 sqq. R. 

Prof err e ; Virg. 2E. vi. 794. Liv. i. 
33. 

Quodque aliena capella gerat distenlius 
uber; Hor. I S. i. 110. PR. Ov. A. A. 
i. 349 sq. R. 

144. The olive blossoms are white. 
LU. 

145. Licet agros agris adjiciat, vicinum 
vel pretio pellat ccris, vel injuria; Sen. 
Ep. 90. R. Compare the history of Na- 
both in 1 Kings xxi. 

146. All the three epithets are import- 
ant. R. 

148. Understand retrahentur. PR. 

Novale (solum) est quod altemis annis 
seritur; Plin. xviii. 19. PR. here put for 
' the crops' themselves. Virg. G. i. 71. 
(HY.) M. E. i. 71. R. 

' Ravenous.' rabida orexis ; vi. 428. 
SCH. iratus venter ; Hor. II S. viii. 5. 
or ' enormous;' cf. Sil. i. 2. Virg. M. i. 
14.99. (HY.) R. 

151. Cf. Hes. O. D. 346 sqq. R. 

152. Cf. Hor. II S. ii. 94 sqq. R. 

153. Quid enim salvis infamia numis ? 
i. 48. PR. xiii. 92 sqq. Sen. Ep. 115. 
Pomp, in Non. i. 64. R. quidam memora- 
tur Athenis sordidus ac dives populi con- 



temnere voces sic solitus : " Populus me 
sibilut : at mihi plaudo ipse domi, simul ac 
numos contemplor in area ;" Hor. I S. i. 
sqq. LU. 

Lupini: Ath. ii. 14. Plin. xviii. 14. 
PR. Virg. G. i. 75 sq. M. note on v. 157. 
R. cf. St Luke xv. 16. 

154. Egregie factum laudet vicinia; 
Hor. II S. v. 106 for vicini : as in I Ep. 
xvi. 44. xvii. 62. notes on 'l-rtos' Her. i. 
27. and acsnV Her. v. 30. 

Pagus derived from the Doric <xa.yu. 
1 a fount ;' because • villages' were ori- 
ginally formed round springs of water. T. 
" Religion did first take place in cities, 
and in that respect was a cause why the 
name of pagans, which properly signi- 
fieth a country people, came to be 
used in common speech for the same that 
infidels and unbelievers were ;" Hooker, 
E. P. v. 80. But cf. xvi. 8, note. 

156. ' Riches, forsooth, are an infal- 
lible panacea for the ills of life.' VS. cf. 
x. 227. 242 sqq. M. Hor. I S. i. 80 sqq. 
I Ep. ii. 47 sqq. R. 

158. Job xlii. 10—17. 

160. < When T. Talius, king of the 
Sabines, was received by Romulus as his 
partner in the kingdom.' LU. cf. xi. 77 
sqq. R. 



sat. xiv. OF JUVENAL. 335 

Mox etiam fractis setate ac Punica passis 
Proelia vel Pyrrhum immanem gladiosque Molossos 
Tandem pro multis vix jugera bina dabantur 
Vulneribus. Merces ea sanguinis atque laboris 

165 Nullis visa umquam meritis minor aut ingratse 
Curta fides patriae. Saturabat glebula talis 
Patrem ipsum turbamque casae, qua feta jacebat 
Uxor et infantes ludebant quatuor, unus 
Vernula, tres domini : sed magnis fratribus horum 

170 A scrobe vel sulco redeuntibus altera coena 
Amplior et grandes fumabant pultibus ollae. 
Nunc modus hie agri nostro non sufficit horto. 
Inde fere scelerum causae nec plura venena 
Miscuit aut ferro grassatur saepius ullum 

175 Humana? mentis vitium, quam saeva cupido 
Indomiti census : nam dives qui fieri vult, 



161. Gravis minis miles; Hor. I S. i. 
5. M. 

* The three Punic wars ;' in the last of 
which Carthage was destroyed. LU. x. 
155 &c. PR. cf. Hor. Ill Od. vi. 34 
sqq. 

162. Pyrrhus ; Plut. V. Flor. i. 18. 
Just, xvi sq. PR. 

Molossos ■ xii. 108. PR. 

163. ' Two acres apiece' of the land 
captured from the enemy, was the allot- 
ment usually assigned to those who were 
sent out as colonists into the conquered 
territory. Liv. vi. 16. 36 extr. bina jugera 
a Romulo primum divisa viritim ; Varr. 
R. R. i. 10. (C7.) bina tunc jugera populo 
Romano satis erant, nullique majorem mo- 
dum attribuit (Romulus) : quo servospaulo 
ante principis Neronis, contemtis hujus 
spatii virfdariis, piscinas juvat habere 
majores ; gratumque, si non aliquem et 
culinas ; Plin. xviii. 2. centuriis vocabu- 
lum datum ex eo est, quum antiqui Romani 
agrum ex hoste captum viciori populo per 
bina jugera partiti sunt, centenis hominibus 
ducenta jugera dederunt, et ex hoc facto 
centuria juste appellata est ; Sicul. Fl. de 
Cond. Agr. i. Col. V. i. 7. Prop. IV. xi. 
(JS.) R. 

166. ' To come short of what it held 
out.' M. vi. 449. Ov. F. ii. 408. (if.) 
R. 

Cf. Plin. xviii. 2. FA. 



The words glebula, casa, and unus 
vernula are all indicative of the ancient 
frugality. 

168. Children of different ranks used 
to be playmates in ancient times, cf. Her. 
i. 114. 

169. 1 Three young masters.' Plaut. 
Capt. pr. 18. licet non heredes sint, 
domini sunt ; Paul. ii. to Sab. R. 

170. * From digging or ploughing.' 

Understand parabatur. VS. 

171. Cf. xi. 58. 

173. Cf. 1 Tim. vi. 9 sq. PR. quid 
non mortalia pectora cogis, auri sacra 
fames ? Virg. M. iii. 56 sq. LU. Claud, 
xxii. 11 1 sqq. R. ovc)\v yoc^ uvdgu'Toicriv e7ov 
agyvgos xctxov vo/^icrfjC 'ifiXuffrr rovro xai 

ro$' ffxs i xa) Va^aXXaffffu (privets 

X^vkttccs Tgog ato-p^ga vgaypaff 'Itrracrdai 
(h(>srwv tavovgyias V so*u%zv uvdg&iTTois 
s%ttv, xa) Tavro; 'igyov ^utro-'ifiuav uStvui' 
Soph. Ant. 301 sqq. G. St James iv. 1 sq. 
M. Among other examples see that of 
Polydore's murder by Polymnestor ; Eur. 
Hec. 25 sqq. 760 sqq. o %(?uo-o;, et (Zoukoio 
rtkk'/)07} Xiywj, sxrsivs rov Iftov vral^a, xa) 
z'i^'/i ra ffa,' 1188 sq. 

176. Ovarii? iTXouT>]trs radius, "Stxaiog 
ear Menand. I 1 he ancients have con- 
veyed this opinion (as they have most of 
those which relate to the conduct of life) 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XIV. 



Et cito vult fieri. Sed quae reverentia legum, 

Quis metus aut pudor est umquam properantis avari ? 

" Vivite contend casulis et collibus istis, 

180 O pueri," Marsus dicebat et Hernicus olim 

Vestinusque senex; " panem quaeramus aratro, 
Qui satis est mensis : laudant hoc numina ruris, 
Quorum ope et auxilio, gratae post munus aristae, 
Contingunt homini veteris fastidia quercus. 

185 Nil vetitum fecisse volet, quem non pudet alto 
Per glaciem perone tegi : qui submovet Euros 
Pellibus inversis. Peregrina ignotaque nobis 
Ad scelus atque nefas, quaecumque est, purpura ducit." 
Haec I 111 veteres praecepta minoribus : at nunc 

190 Post finem auctumni media de nocte supinum 
Clamosus juvenem pater excitat : " Accipe ceras, 
Scribe, puer, vigila, causas age, perlege rubras 



in a very pretty apologue. " When I 
am sent to any one by Jupiter," says 
Plutus, " I halt so, that he usually grows 
old before I arrive." " That is hardly 
true ;" replies Mercury, " for I have seen 
those who had not a groat yesterday, 
wallowing in riches to-day." " You say 
right :" rejoins Plutus, " but I was not 
sent to those people by Jupiter, but by 
Dis !" G. " He that maketh haste to be 
rich shall not beinnocent;" Prov.xxviii.20. 

178. Prop. III. xiii. 48 sqq. Hor. Ill 
Od. xxiv. 34 sqq. (ML) R. 

180. These were laborious and war- 
like tribes in the vicinity of ancient 
Rome. LU. iii. 169. vi. 164. Virg. 
G. ii. 167 sqq.(HF.) R. 

181. Panem et aquam naturu dedde- 
rat ; nemo ad hcec pauper est ; Sen. LU. 
Ep. 20. 25. Hor. II S. ii. 17 sq. R. 
rbv ci(>rov fiftav rov tvtoufftov ^fiov riftTv ro 
xaf h(*i£a.r St Luke xi. 3. 

182. Liber et alma Ceres, vestro si 
munere tellus Chaoniam pingxii glandem 
mutavit arista ; Virg. G. i. 7 &c. GR. 
postquam Ceres invenit j'rumenta ; cum 
antea glande vescerentur ; Plin. vii. 56. 
Ov. F. i. 671 sqq. iv. 395 sqq. PR. cf. 
vi. 10 sqq. M. 

185. Cicero makes an admirable use 
of this sentiment : qua in re prcetereo Mud, 
quod mihi maximo argumento ad hujus 
innocentiam poterat esse, in hac horrida 
incultaque vita istiusmodi malejicia gigni 



non solere. in urbe luxuries creatur : ex 
luiuria exsistat avaritia, necesse est: ex 
avaritia erumpat audacia ; inde omnia 
scelera. vita autem hcec rustica, quam tu 
agrestem vocas, parsimonies, diligenticB, 
justitice, magistra est ; for S. Rose. 27. G. 

186. Crudus pero ; Virg. M.. vii. 690. 
(SV. CE.) VS. Pers. v. 102. PR. pedes 
perone setoso talos adusque vinciebantnr ; 
genua, crura, surceque sine legmine ; Sid. 
Ap. Ep. iv. calceamentum rusticum ; 
Isid. Or. xix. 34. R. ' a clouted brogue.' 
G. 

187. Cf. Prop. III. xiii. 1 sqq. Tib. 
II. iv. 27 sqq. R. 

190. When the winter set in, they 
began their morning studies by lamp- 
light. MU. Compare the opening scene 
of the Clouds of Aristophanes. 

Media de nocte ; cf. Liv. ix. 44, 5. R. 

Supinum ' asleep and lying on his 
back.' VS. 

192. The titles and beginnings of the 
chapters were written in red letters. VS. 
T. cf. Pers. v. 90, note. This was the 
custom in their books generally, CAS. 
and continued for some time after the 
invention of the art of printing. ACH. 
But in books of the law, the text was in 
red letter, the commentaries and glosses 
in black. D. Quint. Inst. xii. 3 exir. 
Petr. 46. R. Ov. Tr. I. i. 7. Mart. III. 
ii. 11. PR. The term rubric is still 
applied to the directions inserted in our 



SAT. XIV. 



OF JUVENAL. 



337 



Majorum leges, aut vitem posce libello. 
Sed caput intactum buxo naresque pilosas 

195 Adnotet et grandes miretur Laelius alas. 

Dirue Mauromm attegias, castella Brigantum, 
Ut locupletem aquilam tibi sexagesimus annus 
Afferat; aut, longos castrorum ferre labores 
Si piget et trepidum solvunt tibi cornua ventrem 

200 Cum lituis audita, pares, quod vendere possis 
Pluris dimidio, nec te fastidia mercis 
Ullius subeant ablegandae Tiberim ultra : 
Neu credas ponendum aliquid discriminis inter 
Unguenta et coriuni. Lucri bonus est odor ex re 



Liturgy ; although they are printed no 
longer in red letter, but in Italics. 

193. Vitem ' a centurion's commission,' 
' a company.' VS. viii. 247. LU. Plut. 
V. Galb. Jin. PR. Sil. vi. 43. xii. 395. 
465. Spart. Hadr. x. (CAS.) Mart. X. 
xxvi. 1. (RD.) R. 

Posce libello ' petition for.' LU. legi- 
onum robur infractum, quuin prcemia 
virtutis occuparet ambiiio et per gratiam 
promoverentur milites qui consueveiant per 
virtutem ; Veget. ii. 3. R. 

194. Their combs were made of* box- 
wood.' LU. Ov. F. vi. 229. Mart. XIV. 
xxv. 2. R. 

Pilosas ; cf. ii. 1 1 sq. PR. About 
twenty-five years since, a medical stu- 
dent, who was going before the College 
of Surgeons for examination, without 
being of the proper age, previously placed 
himself under the hands of a barber ; by 
whose art a fair proportion of whisker ex 
utraque pari malarum parte profusa est 
(Lucr. i. 89) ; and this, with the addition 
of some out-posts of straggling black hairs 
on the cheek-bones, gave the young can- 
didate such a staid appearance, that his 
age was never questioned, and conse- 
quently his object was gained. 

195. "las fAa<r %a\as 6w{>iu>'b&ts xu) 

Theoph. Ch. xix. 2. (CAS.) R. 

196. Lcelhts, i. e. 'your general.' SCH. 
' The Numidian cots placed on wheels,' 

(Sil. ii. 437—448. xvii. 88 sqq.) R. some- 
what resembling ' the caravans' which go 
about to the different fairs in England. 

The Brigantes were a people of Britain, 
whose capital was York. cf. Tac. H. iii. 
45. A. xii. 32. 36. Ag. 17. R. 



197. ' Lucrative.' Suet. Aug. 49. Tib. 
48. Cal. 44. Dio liv. 25. lv. 23. R. 
Mart. VI. lviii. 10. LU. 

Cf. x. 94, note. Veget. ii. 8. Tac. H. 
iii. 22. Sil. vi. 25 sqq. R. " A regiment." 
D. It answered to ' a colonelcy' in our 
army. 

' By the time you are superannuated.' 
VS. They rose, step by step, through 
the ten cohorts, cf. Plin. xiv. 1. R. 

199. Fear operates both as a cathartic 
and as a diuretic. Macr. vii. 11. Arist. 
Probl. 3. Dec. 4. CA. Gell. xix. 4. 
Plut. V. Arat. The following instances 
of the former are given, Bacchus in Arist. 
R. 480 sqq. Brutus in Sen. Ep. 82. 
Carbo in V. Max. IX. xiii. 2. R. 

200. The lituus ' clarion' was less 
curved than the cornu ' horn,' and was 
used for the cavalry ; the tuba ' trumpet,' 
which was straight, belonged to the in- 
fantry. Macr. vi. 8. A. i. 169. note. x. 
214. lituo tubce permixtus sonitus; Hor. 
I Od. i. 23 sq. 

202. Offensive trades were obliged to 
be removed to the further bank of the 
Tiber. Mart. I. xlii. 3 sqq. T. VI. xciii. 
4. PR. I. cix. 2. R. 

204. This alludes to the well-known 
rejoinder of Vespasian to his son. repre- 
hendenti fdio Tito, quod etiam urines vec- 
tigal commentus esset, pecuniam ex prima 
pensions admovit ad nares, sciscitans num 
odore offender etur : et illo negante, " At- 
qui" inquit " e lotio est;" Suet. 23. T. 
But we shall lose much of the humour 
of the emperor's answer, (as is justly 
observed in the History of Inventions,) 
if we do not advert to the custom of the 
ancients in trying the purity of their 
X 



33b 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XIV. 



205 Qualibet. Ilia tuo sententia semper in ore 
Versetur, DIs atque ipso Jove digna, poetae : 
UNDE HABEAS, QUtERIT nemo ; sed oportet habere." 
Hoc monstrant vetulae pueris repentibus assae : 
Hoc discunt omnes ante alpha et beta puellae. 

210 Talibus instantem monitis quemcumque parentem 
Sic possem affari : " Die, O vanissime, quis te 
Festinare jubet ? Meliorem prsesto magistro 
Discipulum. Securus abi : vinceris, ut Ajax 
Praeteriit Telamonem, ut Pelea vicit Achilles. 

215 Parcendum teneris : nondum implevere medullas 
Maturae mala nequitiae. Quum pectere barbam 
Cceperit et longi mucronem admittere cultri, 
Falsus erit testis, vendet perjuria summa 



money by the smell. Thus o u.oyv^y»u- 
ftuv "X^otrxfirai xu<ra ^oKifAutr'tav toZ 
vof^ttrf/.uros rf, oo-Qoao-'icc, k. t. X. Arr. Epict. 
i. 20. And habit, and indeed necessity, had 
given them an acuteness of perception in 
these matters, of which we can scarcely 
have an idea. I much question whether the 
precaution of a Seapha would be necessary 
at this time to deceive the keenest-scented 
lover. (It should be previously observed 
that the ancient mirrors were either com- 
posed of a mixture of tin and brass, or, 
as in the present case, of silver.) " Scap. 
Here, take the mirror: — now, a towel, 
girl, And wipe your hands. Phil. My 
hands ! why so 1 Scap. For fear, As you 
have touch'd the mirror, they should 
smell Of silver, and Philolaches suspect 
You have been handling money ;" Plaut. 
Most. I. iii. G. 

206. Cf. Moliere'a Avare, III. v. M. 

' Of Ennius,' T. taken from the Bel- 
lerophon of Euripides. All three poets 
are speaking ironically. FA. non quare 
et wide : quid hubeas, tantum rogant ; a 
Poet quoted in Sen. Ep. 115. GR. 
rem facias; rem si possis recte; si non, 
quocumque modo rem ; Hor. I Ep. i» 65 
sq. 

207. Habere, put absolutely, ' to be 
rich.' GR. iii. 208, note. 

208. ' Before they can run alone.' 
qui in purpuris repit ; Quint. I. ii. 6. 
Stat. Th.ix. 427. (B.) R. 

* Dry-nurses.' VS. 

209/' Before their A B C LU. 



211. 'What can be the motive for this 
vast hurry 1 A varice will show itself in his 
mind quite soon enough, without your 
instilling it.' 

212. ' The pupil will eclipse his tutor, 
I warrant.' M. toWo) f&ctdrira.} x^irroni 
hSao-xccXov- a Poet in Cic Ep. ix. 7. 
GR. 

213. ' You need be under no appre- 
hensions on that score.' LU. 

' Your son will surpass you in this 
vice, as Ajax and Achilles surpassed 
their respective fathers in heroic achieve- 
ments.' VS. 

214. It was predicted that the son of 
Thetis should be greater than his father ; 
which was the reason that Jupiter (who 
had fallen in love with the goddess) for- 
bore to press his suit : cf. iEsch. P. V. 
and it was consequently arranged that 
she should marry a mortal. May not the 
epithet uyXaoxx^or Pind. N. iii. 97. 
allude to this decree of the Destinies? 
compare P. xi. 5. Tsth. viii. 69. ^Esch. 
Ag. 737. 

215. Parcendum teneris ) Virg. G. ii. 
363. PR. 

Mcdullce is often used, where we should 
employ the word ' heart :' as Cic. Ep. F. 
xv. 16. Id. Phil. i. 15. M. 

217. ' Of a razor.' ft!a ^o^a/^a- Arist. 
Ach. 758. as opposed to hrkti /nd^ai^a. 
The single blade shaved clean away : the 
double blade, like our ' scissors,' was 
employed merely to clip the hair. 
MIT. 



sat. xiv. OF JUVENAL. 339 

Exigua et Cereris tangens aramque pedemque. 
220 Elatam jam crede nurum, si limina vestra 

Mortifera cum dote subit. Quibus ilia premetur 

Per somnum digitis ! Nam quag terraque marique 

Acquirenda putas, brevior via conferet illi. 

Nullus enim magni sceleris labor. " Hsec ego numquam 
225 Mandavi" dices olim " nec talia suasi." 

Mentis causa malag tamen est et origo penes te. 

Nam quisquis magni census prsecepit amorem 

Et laevo monitu pueros producit avaros, 

f Et qui per fraudes patrimonia conduplicaref 
230 Dat libertatem et totas effundit habenas 

Curriculo : quern si revoces, subsistere nescit 

Et te contemto rapitur metisque relictis. 

Nemo satis credit tantum delinquere, quantum 

Permittas : adeo indulgent sibi latius ipsi. 
235 Quum dicis juveni, stultum, qui donet amico, 

Qui paupertatem levet attollatque propinqui ; 

Et spoliare doces et circumscribere et omni 

Crimine divitias acquirere, quarum amor in te 5 



219. Ceres was regarded as one of the 
most sacred deities, vi. 50. LU. 

Aramque ; notes on iii. 145. M. xiii. 89. 
PR. Virg. M. iv. 219. xii. 201. Liv. 
xxi. 1. Sil.iii. 82. R. 

Pedemque; cf. Suet. Tib. 27. Ov. M. 
xiii. 585. R. 

220. Elatam; note on i. 72. Prop. 
IV. vii. 7. R. 

221. Subit. It was customary for a 
bride to be carried over the threshold 
without touching it. BR. Ov. Am. I. xii. 
4. (BU.) Cat. Ixi. 166. (D(E.) R. 

Mortifera. cf. note on Pers. ii. 14. 
PR. J 

222. " His murderous fingers creep, 
And close her eyes in everlasting sleep." 
G. 

228. Lcevo ' siuister.' M. 

229. If this line is to be retained, it 
will be better to translate et (in v. 228. 
and again in v. 230. and 237.) ' at the 
same time.' R. 

Conduplicare. An infinitive after liber- 
tas occurs, Prop. I. i. 28. V. Flac. i. 601. 
R. 

230. The metaphor is taken from the 



Circus. PR. ut, cum carceribus sese ejfu- 
dere, quadriga addant in spatia, etfrustra 
retinacula tendens fertur equis auriga, 
neque audit[cf. Hor. lEp. xv. 13. and note 
100. on Her. iii. 61.] cu'rrus habenas; 
Virg. G. i. 512 sqq. VS. M. v. 818. xii. 
499. R. See Edgeworth's entertaining ac- 
count of the locomotive carriage, in his 
Autobiography. 

231. Curriculo for currui, and that for 
equis; as above and in 2E. xii. 287. 
elgftura Tturt^dXivx- Pind. P. ii. 21. R. 
" What xein can hold licentious wicked- 
ness, When down the hill he holds his 
fierce career V Shaksp. K. H. v. III. 
iii. 22 sq. 

Quern i. e. ' the horse' or ' your son 
which is here signified, ft. 

232. Te i. e. ' the charioteer' or ' father.' 
VS. 

234. Latius; Hor. II S. ii. 113. {BY.) R. 

235. Hie, ne prodigus esse dicatur 
metuens, inopi dare nolit amico, <Sfc. Hor. 
I S. ii. 4 sqq. 

236. The metaphor is taken from a 
burthen. R. Compare Isaiah lviii. 6. 
Gal. vi. 2. 



340 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XIV. 



Quantus erat patriae Deciorum in pectore, quantum 
240 Dilexit Thebas, si Grsecia vera, Menoeceus : 
In quorum sulcis legiones dentibus anguis 
Cum clypeis nascuntur et horrida bella capessunt 
Continuo, tamquam et tubicen surrexerit una. 
Ergo ignem, cujus scintillas ipse dedisti, 
245 Flagrantem late et rapientem cuncta videbis. 

Nec tibi parcetur misero, trepidumque magistrum 
In cavea magno fremitu leo toilet alumnus. 

Nota mathematicis genesis tua: sed grave tardas 
Exspectare colus. Morieris stamine nondum 
250 Abrupto. Jam nunc obstas et vota moraris : 



239. Cf. viii. 254, note. LU. 

240. ' If Greece be true.' cf. x. 174. 
LU. Plin. Ep. II. ix. 4. (L.) Ov. Her. 
xvi. 123. M. x. 209. R. 

Menoeceus, son of Creon king of Thebes, 
and last of the race of Cadmus, sacrificed 
bimself to Mars, to save his country from 
the Argive besiegers. Stat.Th. x. 589 sqq. 
751 sqq. LU. oraculo edito largitus est 
patrice suum tanguinem ; Cic. T. Q. i. 
48. PR. Eur. Ph. 841 sqq. Paus. ix. 25. 
Apoll. III. vi. 6. R. 

241. • There is such an admixture of 
truth and fable, that it is difficult to say 
which is which, and to separate the corn 
from the chaff. In this very Thebes, for 
instance, it is said that Cadmus the an- 
cestor of Menoeceus sowed the plain with 
serpent's teeth ; that from the furrows 
sprang au armed race, who forthwith 
engaged in mortal combat.' Ov. M. iii. 
1 — 130. LU. The survivors and their 
progeny were called yvysvtTs and 2<r«£- 
ror Apoll.. III. iv. 1. {1JY.) Li. satis 
immanis dentibus hudri, galeis denrisque 
virum seges horruit liastis ; Virg. G. ii. 
141 sq. VS. et quid aliena fabulor 9 in 
nostro olim Thebuuo genere plusquam mira 
memorant, Martigenam ille aggressus be- 
luam magnus Europce quaestor, anguineo 
repente hastes perperit serninio : et pugnata 
iliac piigna f rater trudebat fratrem hasta 
et galea ; Plaut. Amph. (supp.) IV. iii. 
12 sqq. 

Quorum ' of the Thebans,' for quarum 
' of Thebes ;' as quern for quod in 231 . cf. 
Sil. v. 495. x. 306. Soph. Aj. 760. (BRU.) 
Horn. II. B 278. (KP.) Liv. i. 59. xxix. 
12. and Sen. H. F. 1157. (GRO.) R. 



244. The metaphor is now taken from 
a conflagration. LU. " Behold how 
great a matter a little fire kindleth ;" St 
James iii. 5. creXXav r o^u <rZ(> \\ tvbt 
ff yrs/tfAuros hSo^ov aiffremrev vXccv' Find. P. 
iii. b6 sq. 

245. Cicero applies to avarice the epi- 
thet ardens ; Fin. iii. 11. R. 

246. The particle of comparison is 
omitted here, as it is elsewhere very fre- 
quently ; 229 sqq. Hor. I Ep. ii. 34. 42. 
iii. 19. &c. R. 

This alludes to a real incident, which 
occurred under Domitian, and is thus 
related by Martial : Iceserat ingrato leo 
perjidus ore inagistrum, ausus tarn notas 
contemerare manus : sed dignas tanto per- 
solvit crimine poznas, et qui non tulerat 
verbera, tela tulit \ Sp. x. LU. From 
the mention of verbera it appears that the 
keeper had wantonly irritated the natu- 
ral ferocity of the animal. This renders 
the application infinitely more striking. 
G. 

247. Leo alumnus ; cf. Ov. M. iv. 
421. (H.) R. JEsc\\. Ag. 696 sqq. 

248. Cf. iii. 43. vi. 553 sqq. notes. 
* Your son will have your nativity cast ; 
and, if he find you are likely to stand 
long in his way, he will contrive ways 
and means to break short the thread of 
your life.' R. 

Mathematicis: cf. Suet. Cal. 57. Tit. 
9. PR. 

Grave. <piv po'ttwis <rt xukvh xx) Tctrfis 
k6a.ii.rou\ Strat. Ep. Ixxii. 4. in Br. An. 
t. ii. p. 376. R. 

Nimium stamen ; x. 252. R. cf. iii. 27. 
PR. 



sat. xiv. OF JUVENAL. 341 

Jam torquet juvenem longa et cervina senectus. 
Ocius x\rchigenen quaere atque eme, quod Mithridates 
Composuit, si vis aliam decerpere ficum 
Atque alias tractare rosas. Medicamen habendum est, 

255 Sorbere ante cibum quod debeat et pater et rex. 
Monstro voluptatem egregiam, cui nulla theatra, 
Nulla sequare queas Praetoris pulpita lauti, 
Si spectes, quanto capitis discrimine constent 
Incrementa domus, aerata multus in area 

260 Fiscus, et ad vigilem ponendi Castora numi, 



241. Stags are said to live for nine 
centuries! VS. The poet might also 
have said corvina; cf. x. 247. LU. 
vivax cervus ; Virg. E. vii. 30. Theo- 
phrastus moriens accusasse naturam dici- 
tur ; quod cervis et cornicibus vitam diu- 
turnam, quorum id nihil inter esset ; homi- 
nihus, quorum maxime interfuisset, tarn 
exiguam vitam dedisset. quorum, si (etas 
potuisset esse longinquior, futurum fuisset 
ut omnibus perfectis artibus, omni doctrina 
hominum vita erudiretur; Cic. T. Q. iii. 
69. vita cervis in confesso longa, post 
centum annos aliquibus captis cum tor qui- 
bus aureis, quos Alexander addider at, ado- 
pertis jam cute in magna obesitate ; Plin. 
viii. 32 s 50 extr. Plut. de Or. Def. PR. 
cf. Arist. H. A. ix. 6. ft. In the caldron, 
which was to renovate old ,<Eson, we 
find Medea, putting, among a thousand 
other nameless ingredients, vivacis jecur 
cervi ; quibus in&uper addit ora caputque 
novsm cornicis scBCula passce ; Ov. M. vii. 
273 sq. ter binos deciesque novem super 
exit in annos justa senescentum quos 
implet vita virorum. hos novies superat 
vivendo garrula comix : et quater egre- 
ditur cornicis scecula cervus: alipedem 
cervum ter vincit corvus : et ilium mul- 
tiplicat novies phoenix reparabilis ales : 
quam vos perpetuo decies prcevertitis 
cevo, nymphce H am a dry ad e s, quarum 
longissima vita est ; Aus. Id. xviii. 
1 sqq. 

252. Cf. vi. 236. 661. LU. x. 274. _ 
255. ' If a father brings up his chil- 
dren badly, hethas as' much to dread 
from them, as a tyrant from his subjects.' 
BRT. Mithridates was besieged by his 
son Pharnaces, at the time when he was 
slain (at his own request) by a Gallic 
soldier, x. 273. Liv. Ep. cii. App. B. M. 



109 sqq. Plut. Pomp. p. 641. Dio 
xxxvii. 10 — 14. Gell. xvii. 16. Oros. vi. 
5. (FAB.) Aur. Vict. v. 1. 76. R. 

256. " A scene more comic than the 
stage e'er knew." G. 

257. Cf. x. 36 sqq, PR. xi. 192. R. 
Puer lautus ; Pers. vi. 23. ft. 

258. Morte constare ; Caes. B. G. vii. 
19. ft. 

259. Area; cf. xiii. 74. Hor. I S. i. 
67. M. 

260. Fiscus was properly ' a wicker 
basket,' which answered the purpose of 
' a canvas bag.' ft. 

It was anciently the custom, says an 
old scholiast on Thucydides, to deposit 
their money in the temple for the gods to 
keep. Some unlucky wight, however, 
might have asked with our author on an- 
other occasion : ' But who shall keep the 
keepers?' (vi. 347 sq.) for it appears 
that both gods and money were some- 
times swept away together ! The public 
treasure was laid up at Rome in the 
temple of Satnrn, ' because,' says Macro- 
bius, ' when Saturn reigned in Italy, rob- 
bery was unknown.' The money con- 
tinued there pretty safe, unless from the 
clutches of such mighty robbers as Julius 
Caesar, since a good guard was constantly 
stationed at the doors. (Whence the epi- 
thet vigil. BRO.) Individuals kept their 
money in the temple of Mais, which 
stood in the Forum of Augustus ; (hence 
our author says ut maxima toto nostra 
sit arcaforo ; x. 24 sq. M.) but after the 
misfortune which befel this poor god, 
whom our satirist, with the bitterest sar- 
casm, dignifies with the title of * the 
Avenger,' they removed it to the temple 
of Castor and Pollux. Here they were 
less fortunate than before : Mars was 



342 THE SATIRES sat. xiv. 

Ex quo Mars Ultor galeam quoque perdidit et res 
Non potuit servare suas. Ergo omnia Florae 
Et Cereris licet et Cybeles aulaea relmquas : 
Tanto majores humana negotia ludi. 
265 An magis oblectant animum jactata petauro 

Corpora quique # solet rectum descendere funem ; 
Quam tu, Corycia semper qui puppe moraris 
Atque habitas, Coro semper tollendus et Austro, 
Perditus ac vilis sacci mercator olentis ; 



% In the text of liis second edition (Lips. I8I9.) R, has substituted quippe for quique, 
without noticing the change either in the Various Headings or in the Annotations; nor does the 
word occur in his Index. 



only stript of his armour ; but these luck- 
less beings, whose vigilance Juvenal also 
celebrates, were absolutely flayed ; brac- 
teolum de Castore ducat ; xiii. 152. The 
temple of Peace, probably, succeeded to 
the credit of Castor and Pollux ; for 
when that truly magnificent structure 
was destroyed by fire, in the reign of 
Commodus, treasures to an enormous 
amount were lost in the conflagration. 
VS. G. cf. Tac. A. i. 8. (LI.) R. Liv. 
ii. 20. 42. Suet. Goes. x. Dionys. H. vi. p. 
351 . BRI. Cic. Verr. i. 49. for Quint. 4. 
PL. 

26 1 . Publico, opera plurima construxit ; 
ex quibus vel pra-cipua, forum cum cede 
Martis Ultoris ; Suet. Aus. 29. PR. ib. 
21. Ov. F. v. 519 sqq. Dio liv. 7 sq. 
(REI.) R. 

262. Florae-, cf. Pers. v. 178.LL. vi. 
250. 

263. 1 The games of Ceres' consisted 
of horse races. They were held in the 
Circus, and first instituted by C. Mem- 
mius when curule aedile. PO. Tac. A. 
xv. fin. Ov. F. iv. 390 sqq. PR. Liv. xxx. 
39. R. 

Cybeles ; vi. 69, note. SCH. 

264. Cf. Sen. Ep. 77.80. SCH. Suet. 
Aug. 99. Pallad. Ep. c. in Br. An. t. ii. 
p. 427. {J A.) si foret in terris, rideret 
Democritus ; seu diversum confusa genus 
panthera camelo, sive elephas albas vulgi 
converteret ora : spectaret populum ludis 
attentius ipsis, ut sibi prcebentem mimo 
spectacula plura; Hor. II Ep.i. 194 sqq. R. 
with which compare Soph. (E. R. 1512. 

265. This alludes to a feat of agility 
in jumping through a small hoop, and 
alighting on their feet. T. A. According 



to others, it more resembled ' the Up and 
Down,' a large wheel revolving perpendi- 
cularly with seats, somewhat like those 
of a cabriolet, appended to its circum- 
ference : which we sometimes see at 
fairs, cf. Mart. II. lxxxvi. XL xxii. 3. 
According to Manilius, it would rather 
seem to be 'a swing' or ' see-saw :' ad 
numeros etiam ille ciet cognata per artem 
corpora qux valido saliunt excussa petauro : 
alternosque cient motus ; elatus et ipse nunc 
jacet, atque hujus casu suspenditur ille ; 
v. 433 sqq. JS. PR. -riTocv^ov was a 
board set up against the wall, on which 
fowls fly up to roost at night. GR. From 
all this it would seem that there were 
various feats of agility designated by this 
same name, cf. Petr. 47. 53. 60. 13, Jr. 
and Festus. See also xv. 93 sqq. R. 

266. * The tight-rope dancer.' cf. BU, 
Anth. Lat. iii. Ep. 179. WE, P.L.Min. 
t. vi. p. 569 sq. Piud. Hamart. 368 sqq. 
Niceph. Greg. H. Byz. viii. 10. p. 214 
sqq. Firmic. viii. 17. Manil. v. 650 sqq. 
R. 

267. Corycus or Corycum was a town 
and mountain of Crete. FA. 

The Cretans were anciently much en- 
gaged in merchandize, cf. Hor. 1 Od. i. 
13. xxxv. 7. (ML) Mart. III. lxv. 2. 
IX.xxxix. 5. XI.ix.2. R. 

268. Corus, which the Greeks call 
Zephyrus and Argesies : Plin. ii. 47. PR. 
cf. x. 180. R. 

269. • Irreclaimable' or * desperate.' 
It does not follow from this mode of 

designating the cargo, that it consisted of 
articles offensive to the smell. It merely 
expresses the author's thorough contempt 
for such luxuries and superfluities as men 



SAT. XIV. 



OF JUVENAL. 



343 



270 Qui gaudes pingue antiquae de litore Cretae 
Passum et municipes Jovis advexisse lagenas ? 
Hie tamen ancipiti figens vestigia planta 
Victum ilia mercede parat, brumamque famemque 
Ilia reste cavet : tu propter mille talenta 

275 Et centum villas temerarius. Adspice portus, 

Et plenum magnis trabibus mare: plus hominum est jam 
In pelago : veniet classis, quocumque vocarit 
Spes lucri, nee Carpathium Gsetulaque tantum 
iEquo-ra transsiliet, sed, longe Calpe relicta, 

280 Audiet Herculeo stridentem gurgite solem. 



risked their lives to procure, in order 
thereby to amass rapid fortunes. 

270. ' Rich raisin wine,' a sort of 
Malmsey ; ex avis passis in prcelo com- 
pressis effiuit et conditum vasculo mellis 
more servatur ; Col. xii. 39. FA. passum 
nominabant, si in vindemia uvam diutius 
coctam legerent, eamque passi e»sent a sole 
aduri; Varro de V. P. R. i. PR. Vir?. 
G. ii. 93. Totga 'Puftatots, us <Qv\tn Ylo\6- 
(Ztos lv <ry 'ixrri, aTt!g»)<rcti yvvaiQ mvitv 
otvov. tov %i xa.Xovft.ivov vug'o'ov vrtvov<rtv. 

T0VT0 0*1 TOIUTat ftlV IX, TiJS affTatp'thoS , K«i 

%9ti Ta^arX^crios irtvoft.iv <o$ tui Alyoadivtvn 
yXvxiT xat tw Kg'/jTixw' Ath. x. 11. Plin. 
xiv. 9. Mart. XIII. cvi. JE\. V. H. xii. 
31. R. 

Vilecta Jovi Creta vetus; Luc. hi. 184 
sqq. PR. Countries and cities prided 
themselves, no less than families, on their 
antiquity. Virg. M. i. 12. 375. 531. 
(HY.) R. 

271. Municipes ; cf. iv. 33. Jupiter 
was a native of Crete. FA. testa muni- 
ceps Sibyllce, i. e. ' Cuman Mart. XIV. 
cxiv. 2. lacernce Cudmi municipes, i. e. 
' Tyrian Id. X. lxxxvii. 10. R. The 
expression originated in o Xa^x-os 1'au.otvis 
'oS lo-T ip'os' Arist. Ach. 314. GR. where 
Dicaeopolis produces ' a coal basket,' 
which he facetiously describes as ' the 
fellow-burgher' of the Acharnians. MIT. 
Crete indeed boasted of being the burial- 
place, as well as the birth-place, of Jupi- 
ter: whose tomb the inhabitants pre- 
tended to show. Callimachus, however, 
seems inclined to deprive them of both 
these claims. The first he disputes rather 
faintly ; but for the second, he rebukes 
them with a solemnity bordering on the 
sublime : " The Cretans and Arcadians 



boast of having given thee birth :" to'ti^oj, 
vrtZTig, l-^tvoravTo ; Kg%Tis au -^/ivirraf 
(Titus i. 12. PR.) kccI yag TaQov a ava, 

ffitO KgVTlS ITlXTYlVCtVTO. (TV 0U 6aVlf' IffffS 

yxg at it. G. 

The lagence were not only * flagons' in 
which the wine was brought into their 
dining-parlours, but also * flasks' in which 
it was kept in their cellars. Petr. 22. R. 
cf. vii. 121. Pers. iii. 92. 

273. Frigus quo duramque famem de- 
pellere possit ; Hor. I S. ii. 6. VS. 

274. In round numbers £200,000. 
HO. 

275. ' Foolhardy.' G. impiger extremos 
curris mercator ad Indos, per mare pau- 
per iem fugiens, per saxa, per ignes ; Hor. 
I Ep. i. 45 sq. PR. cl<raffav yag ovtoi 
olxttiv xat foivTX alytaXov , us iliruv, S/s- 
givv/io'aft.ivoi xuff ixao-Tov itos, o^pl toZ 
ftiTonatgou its tjjv uvtuv iiravtafftv Luc. 
Tox. t. ii. p. 511. K. 

276. Cava trabe currimus gquor ; Virg. 
JE. iii. 191. M. Pers. vi. 27. 

As we should say, " all the world goes 
to sea." M, 

278. ' The Carpathian sea' was be- 
tween Rhodes, Crete, and Cyprus ; and 
so called from the island of Carpathus, 
LU. now ' Scarpanto.' Pi?, cf. Hor. I 
Od. xxxv. 7 sq. Ill Od. vii. 3. (MI.) R. 
On the initial S in Scarpanto, see note 
21 on Her. iv. 87. 

' The Libyan sea.' LU. 

279. Calpes is here of the third declen- 
sion. This (the modern ' Gibraltar') 
and Abyla (now ' Ceuta') in Africa were 
the two pillars of Hercules. VO. cf. Sil. 
i. 141 sqq. 209 sqq. iii. 399. vi. 1 sqq. R. 

280. Posidonius and Epicurus pre- 
tended that when the sun sank in the 



344 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XIV. 



Grande operse pretium est, ut tenso folle reverti 
Inde domura possis tumidaque superbus aluta 
Oceani monstra et juvenes vidisse marinos. 
Non unus mentes agitat furor. Ille sororis 

285 In manibus vultu Eumenidum terretur et igni : 
Hie bove percusso mugire Agamemnona credit 
Aut Ithacum. Parcat tunicis licet atque lacernis, 
Curatoris eget, qui navem mercibus implet 
Ad summum latus et tabula distinguitur unda ; 

290 Quum sit causa mali tanti et discriminis hujus 
Concisum argentum in titulos faciesque minutas. 
Occurrunt nubes et fulgura. " Solvite funem !" 
Frumenti dominus clamat piperisque coemti; 
" Nil color hie cceli, nil fascia nigra minatur ; 

295 iEstivum tonat." Infelix hac forsitan ipsa 

Atlantic, it hissed like red-hot iron Clytaemnestra. They were called Eume- 

plunged in water. RH.felix heu nimis nides by antiphrasis. PR. They were the 

el beata tellus, qua pronos Hyperionis me- daughters of Acheron and Nox. M. 

atus summis Oceani vides in undis, strido- 286. Ajax became insane after the 

remque rottf candentis audis ; Stat. S. II. arms of Achilles were awarded to Ulysses; 

vii.27.Th.i. 158. (-B.) PR. cf. Cleomed. and in his madness committed great havoc 

ii. 1. V. Flac. ii. 36 sq. (BU.) R. among the herds and flocks of the Greeks, 

281. Folle; xiii. 61. R. mistaking them for his enemies. FA. 

282. Aluta here means a purse of Soph. Aj. PR. vii. ] 15, note. x. 84. R. 
tanned leather. SCH. cf. vii. 192. R. cf. Hor. II S. iii. 187 sqq. 

283. Monstra natantia ; Hor. I Od. 287. Ithacus ; x. 257. M. xv. 26. for 

iii. 18. (MI.) Plin. ix. 6. PR. Ithacius or Ithacensis, the possessive : as 
Juvenes marinos ; • Tritons.' 75. Plin. in xv. 23. 115. 122. Sil. i. 14. 252. xvi. 

ix. 5. (HA.) SCH. Cic. de N. D. i, 79. 180. R. 

Paus. ix. a. med. PR. Arist. H. A. ii. 288. A man, though he may not. be 
p. 232 sqq. (JS.) ut quis e longinquo re- raving mad, cannot be considered in his 
venerat,miracula narrabant, vim turbinum right mind, whom neque fervidus cestus 
el i?iauditas volucres, monstra maris, am- dimoveat lucro, neque hiems, ignis, mare, 
biguas hominum et beluarum j'ormas ; Tac. ferrum ; to whom, in short, nil obstat ; 
A. ii. 24. R. such as mermaids were Hor. I S. i. 38 sqq. A lunatic had guard- 
feigned to be ; Hor. A. P. 4. M. ians assigned him by the pra?tor : inter- 

284. Cf. Hor. II S. iii. 77 sqq. SA. dicto huic omne adimat jus prcetor, et ad 
Cels. iii. 18. PR. sanos abeat tutela jjropinquos ; Id. II S. 

' Orestes in the arms of Electra.' SA. iii. 217 sq. PR. curatoris eget a prcetore 

OP. a <£>o7(Z\ uTox<rtvovfft ft ou xwwiri&is, dati; Id. I Ep. i. 102 sq. 

yo^yurft;, ivigav u/viki, ^eiva) heti. HA. 289. Cf. xii. 57 sqq. FA. 

ouroi piOwo)- 5' l^-rXsgao-' \/u.ti» 291. A periphrasis for money. LU» 

ex-tutu <n -rrihxv tvffTvx* -ry'itiftotTOi. OP. Plin. xxxiii. 3. PR. Cato p. 69. (JS.) R. 

pihr ptV oltra. <ruv IfAuv'Egivvuwv, pitrov p 292. ' Throw off the halser!' Virg. At,. 

o%p,a,%us, ui (ZdXyt sis TugragoV [Should v. 773. (HY.) R. 

not the order of these lines be? 254 sq. 293. ' Bought up;' that by the mo- 

260 sq. 258 sq. 256 sq.] Eur. Or. 254 nopoly he might make the more. M. 

sqq. PR. Juvenal probably had this pas- 294. ' A dark belt of clouds resting on 

sageinhisview.R.cf.Hor.IIS.iii.l32sqq. the horizon.' cf. Plin. xviii. 35. PR. 

285. « The Furies' haunted him in 295. ' It is but a summer thunder- 
consequence of his having slain his mother shower.' Plin. ii. 43. PR. 



SAT. XIV. 



OF JUVENAL. 



345 



Nocte cadet fractis trabibus fluctuque premetur 
Obrutus et zonam lseva morsuque tenebit. 
Sed cujus votis modo non suffecerat aurum, 
Quod Tagus et rutila volvit Pactolus arena, 

300 Frigida sufficient velantes inguina panni 

Exiguusque cibus, mersa rate naufragus assem 
Dum rogat et picta se tempestate tuetur. 
Tantis parta malis cura majore metuque 
Servantur. Misera est magni custodia census. 

305 Dispositis prsedives hamis vigilare cohortem 
Servorum noctu Licinus jubet, attonitus pro 
Electro signisque suis Phrygiaque columna 
Atque ebore et lata testudine. Dolia nudi 



296. Hac ipsa hora ; X.16.R. oL<P£ov\ 
retvrtj rrt vvxrt tjjv ^vp^nv crou avrairouifiv 
glto Gov' & %z yiToifAec<ras , fivi %<rrai ; St 
Luke xii. 20. 

297. The ancients carried their money 
in their girdles. St Matthew x. 9. zona se 
aureorum plena circumdedit ; Suet. Vit. 
16. PR. Liv. xxxiii. 29. Gell. xv. 12. R. 
Hor. II Ep. ii. 40. Plautus calls ' a 
cut-purse' sector zonarius : M, Trin. IV. 
ii. 20. Phaedr. IV. xxi. 11. 

His avarice is strongly marked by his 
holding the purse in his hand and teeth 
both, thereby almost disabling- himself 
from swimming. <ro %gvtrUv o$ov<ri recti 
o'vv%i xxi waffy fitifcavyi i(pv\u.r<ToV Luc. 

1). M. xi. 4. k 

299. The one a river of Portugal, the 
other of Lydia,both famed for their golden 
sands. LU. (1 ) ' The Taio.' Plin. iv. 22. 
Mart. I. 1. X. xcvi. Ov. M. ii. 251. 
(2) ' The Sarabat.' Plin. v. 29. Her. v. 
101. Hor. Ep. xv. 20. PR. M. 

302. Those, who had escaped from 
shipwreck or any other imminent calamity, 
used to carry about a painting of the oc- 
currence to excite compassion and obtain 
alms from the charitable. Besides saving 
a world of words, this appeal to the eyes 
of the benevolent was found more effec- 
tually to touch their hearts than any 
application through the more indirect 
channel of their ears. The picture, when 
it had served its purpose, was dedicated 
to some patron god, along with the clothes 
in which the person had escaped, if 
any; but in case of shipwreck, persons 
disencumber themselves of raiment, as 

2 



much as may be. xii. 27 sqq. Pers. i. 88 
sqq. vi. 32. Strab. viii. p. 360. Hor. A. 
P. 20 sqq. Tib. I. Hi. 27. (HY.) Hor. I 
Od. v. 13 sqq. (ML) R. LU. cf. also 
Mart. XII. lvii. 12. GR. naufragi ta- 
bulam suam portant, rogantes victum ; 
Phaedr. IV. xxi. 24 sq. the language of 
the shipwrecked mariners might not, per- 
haps, be understood by those on whose 
coasts they were thrown. G. 
303. Cf. 135. R. 

305. Ha.mi ' hooks ;' hamce ' leathern 
water-buckets.' sive globosi corporis, atque 
utero nimium qua vasta tumescit, (cucur- 
bita,) ventre leges medio : sobolem dabit ilia 
capacem Narycice picis, aut Actcei mellis 
Hymetti, aut habilem lymphis hamulam; 
Bacchove lagenam ; Col. x. 385 sqq. T. SA. 
BRO. Cato de R. R. NicomedicB vastis- 
simum incendium multas domos absumsit . . . 
nullus usquam sipo, nulla hama, nullum 
denique instrumentum ad incendia com- 
pescenda ; Plin. Ep. x. 42. PR. cf. Tac. 
A. xv. 43. H. hi. 54. (LI.) Hist. Aug. 
p. 497. (CAS.) R. 

Vigilare ; Hor. I S. i. 76 sqq. PR. 

306. Licinus; i. 109. VS. Sen. Ep. 
119 sq. Dio liv. Suet. Aug. 67. Sidon. 
Ep. v. 7. R. 

307. Electro: cf. v. 38. 

Syrinas (or Synnada), in Phrygia, was 
famous for its marble. Tib. III. iii. 13. 
(HY. BK.) Ov. ¥. in. 529. (H.) Plin. 
xxxv. 1. Capit. Gord. iii. 32. R. 

308. Cf. xi. 123. 95. PR. 

These * casks' or ' tubs' were not of 
wood but of baked clay. Plin. xxxv. 12. 
D. Laert. vi. 2. p. 137. (MEN.) R. 
Y 



346 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XIV. 



Non ardent Cynici: si fregeris, altera fiet 

310 Cras domus aut eadem plumbo commissa manebit. 
Sensit Alexander, testa quum vidit in ilia 
Magnum habitatorem, quanto felicior hie, qui 
Nil cuperet, quam qui totum sibi posceret orbera, 
Passurus gestis sequanda pericula rebus. 

3 1 5 Nullum nuraen habes, si sit prudentia : nos te, 

Nos facimus, Fortuna, Deam. Mensura tamen quae 
Sufficiat census, si quis me consulat, edam : 
In quantum sitis atque fames et frigora poscunt, 
Quantum, Epicure, tibi parvis suffecit in hortis, 

320 Quantum Socratici ceperunt ante penates. 

Numquam aliud Natura, aliud Sapientia dicit. 

Acribus exemplis videor te claudere : misce 
Ergo aliquid nostris de moribus ; effice summam, 
Bis septem ordinibus quam lex dignatur Othonis. 

325 Haec quoque si rugam trahit extendi tque labellum ; 



309. « Of Diogenes.' VS. cf. xiii. 122, 
note. Peis. i. 133. PR. The Cynics 
used to leave one ami and shoulder bare, 
their cloak being thrown over the other. 
SA. 

310. ' Put together with solder.' LI. 

311. 'Ev roo Kgctviico ht-ioupUw ahru 
(>. e. Diogenes) ' AXt^avS^os iTitrru; <$v\<nv 
" A'lT'/itrov pi o 6'iXus.'' not.) o; " Mixgov'' 
uvriv ' rod hxlou f^ira.(rr-/]6iy tffis 
rovro XtySTXi rov ' AXi£,avh(>ov ovru dicers - 
6nva.i KCtt driv^aeti xoc.ra<p^ovYi6'ivra rrtv 
birtgotyav xai ro piytdos rov uv^gos, 
uffri ruv TTio) ctvrbv . w; iT'/.sffotv, o^ictyi- 
Xuvruv xa) ffxarruvruv, " 'AXXa ft%v 
iyu ' s/Vsv, " u ftri ' AXi^nv'S^o; npriv, 
Aioyevrj av vpn*" Plut. V. Al. t. i. 
p. b7 1. L>. Laeit. VI. ii. 6. PR. This is 
alluded to by Butler with his usual 
humour : " The whole world was not 
half so wide To Alexander, when he 
cried Because he had but one to subdue, 
As was a narrow paltry tub to Diogenes ; 
who is not said (For ought that ever I 
could read) To whine, put fing'r i' th' 
eye, and sob, Because h' had ne'er 
another tub ;" Hud. I. iii. 1021 sqq. G. 
cf. Apul. Ap. i. R. 

313. Cf. x. 168. SCH. 
315. Cf. x. 365 sq. LU. 

317. Edam ; i. 21. 

318. Cf. Hor. I S. i. 73 sqq. " What 



riches give us let us first enquire ; Meat, 
drink, and clothes : — what more? meat, 
clothes, and fire;" Pope Eth. Ep. iii. 81 
sq. " Having food and raiment let us be 
therewith content;" I Tim. vi. 8. M. 

In quantum : cf. Anacr. iii. 25. (BX.) 
Plin. Ep. x. 75. Ov. M. xi. 7. V. Pat. i. 
9. (RK.) R. 

319. Epicurus, xiii. 122 sq, notes. PR. 

320. Socratici penates for Socrates ; 
who, owing to his temperance and abste- 
miousness, is said to have been the only 
Athenian who entirely escaped when the 
plague visited that city. D. Laert. LU. 
Pers. iv. 2 sqq. PR. 

321. Virtus secundum naluram est, 
vitia inimicu et infest a sunt ; Sen. Ep. 50. 
PR. si ad naturam vives, numquam eris 
pauper; si ad opinionem, numquam dives; 
ib. 16. R. cf. Pope Eth. Ep. iii. 25 sq. 
M. 

322. n^i^wfei a xa) ffuviXavvtiv Is 
ffnv'ov Luc. llermot. 63. R. 

324. Notes on iii. 154. LU. i. 105. 
Plin. xxxii. 2. V. Pat. ii. 32. (RK.) 
Suet. Ner. 11. (TO.) Mart. V. xxxix. 
R. 

Dignatur. It was the money and not 
the man, that the law of Otho conferred 
the distinction upon. R. 

325. ' If this make you frown and 
pout,' M. as a spoilt child. 



SAT. XIV. 



OF JUVENAL. 



347 



Sume duos Equites, fac tertia quadringenta. 
Si nondum implevi gremium, si panditur ultra : 
Nec Croesi fortuna umquam nec Persica regna 
Sufficient animo nec divitige Narcissi, 
330 Indulsit Caesar cui Claudius omnia, cujus 
Paruit imperiis, uxorem occidere jussus. 



326. Cf. Pers. vi. 75—80. 

* The third four hundred :' 1200 ses- 
tertia were a senator's estate. Suet. Aug. 
41. Dio ]v. Plut. V. Anton. R. 

327. Cf. vi. 215. " Good measure, 
pressed down, and shaken together, and 
running over, shall men give into your 
bosom;" St Luke vi. 38. Isaiah Ixv. 6 
sq. M. " Wherewith the mower f i 1 1 e t h 
not his hand, nor he that bindeth sheaves 
his bosom;" Psalm cxxix. 7. "The 
lot is cast into the lap V Prov. xvi. 33. 

328. Cra£sus ; x. 274. PR. 

The kings of Persia (especially Darius 
and Xerxes, cf. Justin, LU.) and those 
of Parthia were celebrated for their opu- 
lence. M. R. 

329. Claudius was entirely under the 
management of his freedmen. His prime 
favourites were Posides, Felix, Harpocras, 
Polybius, suspexit ante omnes Narcissum 
ab epistolis et Pallantetn a rationibus : quos 
decreto quoque senatus non prcemiis modo 
ingentibus, sed et quastoriis prcetoriisque 
ornamentis ornari libenter passus est : tan- 
tum prceterea acquirere et rapere, ut, que- 
rente eo quondam de fisci exiguitate, non 
absurde sit dictum " abundaturum, si a 
duobus libertis in consortium reciperetur ;" 
Suet. Claud. 28. Hd^xtfftrai (Ayiarov ra>v 

TOTi OLvtlgCtlTCtiV tuVYlQiU' {AV{>to3ciS <Ti 

jroXiis Kcti (ZaffiXeTs a. r. k. Dio lx. p. 
688. c. Plin. xxxiii. 10. FLO. PR. R. 

330. The state of dependence in which 
this moon-calf was kept by these minions 



is sarcastically alluded to by Seneca, in 
a passage of exquisite humour : ex- 
candescit Claudius: quid diceret nemo in- 
teliigebat. Me autem febrim duci jubebut, 
Mo gestu solutcB manus, quo decollare 
homines solebat. jusserat Mi collum prce- 
cidi ; putares omnes illius esse libertos, 
adeo ilium nemo curabat: Apokol. 
G. 

331. Mirum inter hoec silentium Claudii; 
nempe cum indejensa conjux exitio daretur : 
omnia liberto obediebant . . . ac ni cadem 
ejus Narcissus properavisset, verterat per- 
nicies in accusatorem. et cum imperatoris 
languescere iram, amorem redire audisset, 
prorupit Narcissus denuntiatque centuri- 
onibus et tribuno, qui aderant, exsequi 
ccedem, §c. Tac. xi, 26 — 38. and again ; 
nec enim Claudius Messalinum uxorem, 
qui nupsit Silio, interfecisset, nisi prope- 
rasset index, delator adult erii, et quodam- 
modo imperator coedis Narcissus, cf. x. 330 
sqq. PR. Suet. CI. 26. 29. 39. Tac. xi. 
12. R. The two accusers of the pro- 
fligate empress were not more fortunate. 
Narcissus preserved his influence during 
the life of Claudius, but on the accession 
of Nero, Agrippina, whose designs he 
had endeavoured to thwart, threw him 
into prison ; and by a detestable refine- 
ment in cruelty compelled him, through 
mere want of sustenance, to put an end 
to his own life. A strange catastrophe 
for one who had seen the resources of the 
Roman world at his feet. For Pallas, see 
i. 109. G. 



SATIRE XV. 



ARGUMENT. 

In this Satire, which was written after the author's return from Egypt, he 
directs his ridicule at the sottish and ferocious bigotry of the natives. 

The enumeration of their animal and vegetable gods is a fine specimen of 
dignified humour ; 1 — 13. and though he may be thought to treat the 
actors in the horrid transaction, which makes the chief subject of his 
poem, with too indiscriminate a severity, yet it should be considered 
that he had, for many justifiable causes, long regarded the country and 
the countrymen of Crispinus with aversion : which was not much 
diminished, we may presume, by a nearer view of both. G. 

When he asserts, in general terms, the cannibalism of these ferocious 
enthusiasts, 13. he is fully aware of the scepticism of those who hear 
such stories for the first time ; 13 — 26. but he gives an example which 
had actually occurred recently, in the religious feuds of the Tentyrites 
and Coptites. 27 — 97> Not but what instances were on record of men 
eating one another when driven to desperation and pressed by extreme 
famine; 93 — 114. and barbarians had been known to sacrifice their 
fellow-creatures, but not to devour them. 115 — 128. R. 

The conclusion of the Satire, which is a just and beautiful description of 
the origin of civil society, 147 — 158. (infinitely superior to anything 
Lucretius or Horace has delivered on the subject,) does honour to the 
genius, good sense, and enlightened morality, (I had almost said, piety,) 
of the author. It is not founded in natural instinct, but on principles 
of mutual benevolence, 131 sqq. implanted, not by Nature, 132. 
(as Gibbon carelessly or perversely makes the author assert,) but by 
Nature's God, 147 sqq. in the breast of man, and of man alone. 
142 sqq. G. 



SAT. XV. 



THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. 



349 



Quis nescit, Volusi Bithynice, qualia demens 
iEgyptiis portenta colat? Crocodilon adorat 
Pars hsec : ilia pavet saturam serpentibus ibin. 
Effigies sacri nitet aurea cercopitheci, 
Dimidio magicae resonant ubi Memnone chordae 



1. sEgyptiorum morem quis ignoratl 
quorum imbutce mentes pravitatis erroribus 
quamvis carnijicinam prius subierint,quam 
ibim aut aspidem aut felem aut canem aut 
crocodilum violent; quorum etiam si im- 
prudentes quidpiam fecerint, pxnam nul- 
lum recusent ; Cic. T. Q. v. 27. Anti- 
phanes, Anaxandrides, andTimocles have 
ridiculed these same superstitions: Ath. 

vii. 13. R. 

Volusius was not an uncommon name. 
R. Plutarch wrote a little book sr^o? 
BtfoviKov nifi <pik'ix$- Suid. This perhaps 
is the same person. VL. 

Bithynia, (Strabo xii. LU.) on the 
Asiatic side of the Bosphorus, was colo- 
nized by a Thracian tribe ; previously to 
which the country was called Bebrycia. 
Her. i. 28, notes. 

2. Omnefere genus berfiarum consecra- 
runt JEgyptii ; Cic. N. D. iii. 39. Strabo 
xvii. Diodor. ii. 4. Her. ii. 65—76. PR. 
Philo J. de Decal. LU. omnigenum 
deum monstra ; Virg. JE. viii. 698. por- 
tentificas animaliumjiguras ; Lact. de Or. 
Err. ii. 14. horrificos quos prodigialia 
cogunt credere monstra deos ; Prud. e. 
Symm. i. JEgyptia ilia non numina sed 
portenta : M. Fel. Oct. p. 236. fo V Is 
rbv A'lyvTrrav 'ixGys , tots 2h rare o'^u 
vroXXu <rd tri/Ava. xa) us aXrJus ct%tx rou 
ovgavov, x^iott^oo'cotov fi\v tcv Aia, xuvoTgic- 
eoTov £s roy (biXricrov 'Egftijv, xa) Toy 
TLctvx oXov Tgdyov, xcti 'iftiv rivet, xcti x^txo- 
2ttXov trtgov, xct) vrlDnxov, x. r. X. Luc. de 
Sacrif. 14 sq. India worshipped similar 
monsters : nor was the worship of animals 
unknown at Rome ; where the sacred 
rites of Egypt had gained a footing. Luc. 

viii. 832 sqq. cf. also Lucian de Astrol. 
5-7. Cic. N. D. i. 36. JB, Panth. 
iEgypt. iv. 4. and prol. p. 19 — 23. 
83—87. R. 

Among the ancient authors who have 
written on ' the crocodile,' may be men- 
tioned, P. Mela i. LU. 1E\. H. A. x. 21 
sq. 24. xii. 38. Her. ii. 68 sqq. Plin. viii. 
25 s 38. xxviii. 3 s 6. Diodor. ii. 4. Sen. 
N. Q. iv. 2. PR. Max. Tyr. Diss, xxxix. 
p. 456. R. 



3. HcBC. Tata f/kt *hv\ tc-jv AiyvTrtav 
i^oi ilei oi x g n x s i Xoi <ro7<rt 5' ov, ctXX' 
tire, tfoX&fttous "Tri^nvroviri. oi Ti -re^'t t£ 
Orifiots xcti rhv Moigtos Xi/^tvuv oix'iovns, 
xa) xdgra yynvrai ccvtoxj; thai igovs- . . oi 
1>\ trig) 'EXitpavrivyv ctoXiv cix'iovris. xa) 
tffdiovtrt ttbrovs, ovx hyiofjtivot i^ovs that* 
Her. ii. 69. PR. 

' Regards with religious awe :' SCH. 
fear being the chief ingredient in supersti- 
tion. R. 

Ipsi qui irridentur JEgyptii nullam 
beluam, nisi ob aliquam utilitatem quam ex 
ea eaperent, consecraverunt ; velut ibes 
maximamvim serpentium conjiciunt ; quum 
sint aves excelsce, cruribus rigidis, eorneo 
proceroque rostro : avertunt pestem ab 
JEgypto, quum volucres ungues ex vastitate 
Libyce vento Africa invectas inter -ficiunt 
atque consumunt ; ex quo Jit, ut illce nec 
morsu vivos noceant nec odore rnortuce ; 
Cic. N. D. i. 36. VS. cf. Ov. Ib. Plin. 
x. 28 s 40. 30. viii. 27. Diodor. i. SCH. Id. 
ii. 4. Her. ii. 75 sq. Plut. Is. and Os. Jin. 
PR. P. Mela iii. 8. Solin. 34. JB, Panth. 
^Eg. v. 5. .El. H. A. x. 21. 24. R. 

4. Simice caudis inter so distinguuntur ; 
Plin. viii. 54. ' The ape' has no tail, 
' the baboon' a short one, ' the monkey' 
a long one : xi^xos ' a tail,' <r\6tixos ' an 
ape.' PR. M. ' Monkeys' were wor- 
shipped at Memnonium in Arabia: Solin. 
BRI. The simia cynocephalus (Plin. viii. 
21 s 30.) was held sacred in Egypt. P. 
GR. Is this the hamadryas or ' dog- 
faced baboon,' which is found in the 
torrid regions of Africa, and of which the 
tail is nearly as long as the body ? 

5. In the temple of Serapis at Thebes, 
Plin. xxxvi. 7 s 11. was a colossal figure 
of Memnon, of black marble and in a 
sitting posture, to ayccX^a xa6nrai rt xu) 
ivd Taffav h[*i£ot'j dvio-^ovres nXiov (box, 
xa) Toy 7\%ov (JcdXto-ra iixdffu <riS xiSctgas n 
Xvgas payitcns xoffis' Pausan. i. 42. 
This was said to yield a sound, like that 
of a harp, when the rays of the rising sun 
fell upon it. It was also said that the 
sound was cheerful in the morning, and 
melancholy at sunset, resembling a plain- 



350 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XV. 



Atque vetus Thebe centum jacet obruta portis. 
Illic cseruleos, hie piscem fluminis, illic 
Oppida tota canem venerantur, nemo Dianam. 
Porrum et caepe nefas violare et frangere morsu. 



live human voice. Callist. Stat. i. p. 891. 
ix. p. 901. According to some the 
statue was broken in halves by an earth- 
quake; Strab. xvii. p. 1170 sq. others 
set it down as one of the frantic impieties 
of Cambyses. Memnon, the son of 
Aurora and Tithomus, is symbolical of 
the sun. Philostr. Icon. i. 7. in Her. 4. 
V. Ap. vi. 3 sq, Tac. A. ii. 61. Luc. 
Tox. 27. Virg. JE. i. exc. xix. xxvi. and 
Apoll. III. xii. 4. (HY.) VS. LU. JD. 
RH. JB. R. The upper part of this 
statue has been covered by the sand for 
many ages : it is that part which yet 
remains on its pedestal, which performs 
the wonders mentioned by so many tra- 
vellers, who have perpetuated their cre- 
dulity on the spot by inscribing their 
names on the stone. One man, indeed, 
of high respectability, bears a kind of 
testimony to the common report of a 
sound proceeding, not from ' the harp' 
of Memnon (for there never was any 
such thing), but from the statue. Strabo 
says he heard a sound ; but whether it 
came from the colossus itself, or the base, 
or from some one of the numerous standers 
by, he could not tell. " Indeed," adds 
he, " one would be inclined to suppose 
almost any thing, rather than to believe 
stones, however disposed, capable of pro- 
ducing a sound.' Germanicus too, ac- 
cording to Tacitus, was indulged with the 
same favour. If he listened with patience 
to the nonsense first .read to him by the 
priests, he was not unworthy of it. Even 
Savary, who saw nothing but prodigies in 
Egypt, treats this foolish affair as an arti- 
fice of the priests. The sound probably 
proceeded (as De Pauw thinks) from an 
excavation near the plinth, the sides of 
which might be struck, at a concerted 
moment, with a bar of sonorous metal. 
The fiction however does very well in 
poetry: "As Memnon's marble harp, 
renown'd of old By fabling Nilus, to the 
quivering touch Of Titan's ray, with 
each repulsive string Consenting, sounded 
through the warbling air Unbidden 
strains ;" Pleas, of Imag. On discover- 
ing his mistake respecting the harp, 
Akenside altered the passage thus : " As 
Memnon's marble form, renown'd of old 



By fabling Nilus, at the potent touch Of 
morning utter'd from its inmost frame 
Unbidden music." G. c. aemilivs iiora 

PRIMA SEMIS AVDIVI VOCEM MEMNONIS. 

cf. Inscr. Lat. N. 517—524. OR. 

6. Thebes boasted of being founded by 
Bacchus or Busiris. Diod. ii. ink. By 
its ' hundred gates,' it is distinguished 
from the Boeotian Thebes, which had but 
seven, xiii. 27. LU. Plin. xxxvi. 9i 1 4, 2. 
Her. ii. PR. Diod. i. 45. Qytfixt Atyv-r- 
nat ixa.rofjt,wv\or Horn. II. I 383. (KP.) 
P. Mela i. 9. Tac. A. ii. 60. Strab. xvii. 
p. 816. R. 

7. Caruleos i.e.pisces * fish of the sea;' 
as opposed to • the fish of the Nile. GR. 
JS. We have no authority, however, for 
supposing that the former were worshipped 
in Egypt. P. For piscem one ms. has 
pisces, which is better : vop,'i%ou<ri xa.) 
vravruv t^Sucov rev zaXivjuivov XtvriliwTov, 
igov tivcct , xx) <rhv 'iy^iXvv' igouf o*l rovrovg 
tov HilXov Quo-) tJvar Her. ii. 72. BRO, 
conjectured celuros: cf. Gel. xx. 8. Hyg. 
Astr. ii. 28. (MUN.) u.<vctyia.rut et oui- 
Xov^ot cttfodavovris lg teas creycts , 'iv6a. 
OelyrrovTKi rcc^t^ivSlvrts . iv Bovfiuffn vroXf 
Her. ii. 67. T. Ath. Strab. xvii. p. 812. 
Plut. Is. Os. p. 376. Diod. i sq. JB, 
Panth. JEg. III. iii.3 sqq. PR. R. This 
emendation is also approved of by LN. 
SR. PL. WB. OR. 

8. Cf. vi. 534, note. Lact. de F. Sap. 
v. 20. LU. Diod. ii. 4. PR. xwuv vo'Xts, 
AtyuTTta vrokts, iv y iroXtt o "Avovfits 
<rtp.a,re:r Steph. de Urb. R. 

' Diana' ?'. e. ' the goddess of hunting 
and hounds.' Yet this deity was wor- 
shipped under the name of Bubastis ; 
Her. ii. 156. 59. LU. But either (1) 
our author may mean ' There are whole 
towns which worship a dog, in which 
there is not a single worshipper of Diana : ' 
or (2) he may consider that Bubastis, the 
symbol of the new moon, was not the 
same with the Diana of the Romans : or 
(3) the sacred rites of this goddess, which 
Herodotus describes, might have fallen 
into disuse, as we do not find them ever 
spoken of ; and Strabo merely names the 
city, but does not mention having visited 
the temple. JB. 

9. Cf. Plin. xix. 6 s 32. (HA.) Diod. 



at. xv. OF JUVENAL. 351 

10 O sanctas gentes, quibus hscc nascuntur in hortis 
Numina ! Lanatis animalibus abstinet omnis 
Mensa. Nefas illic fetum jugulare capellas : 
Carnibus humanis vesci licet. Attonito quum 
Tale super ccenam facinus narraret Ulixes 

15 Alcinoo, bilem aut risum fortasse quibusdam 

Moverat, ut mendax aretalogus. " In mare nemo 
Hunc abicit, sseva dignum veraque Charybdi, 
Fingentem immanes Laestrygonas atque Cyclopas ? 
Nam citius Scyllam vel concurrentia saxa 



ii. 4. Plut. Is. Os. LU. Gell. xx. 7. PR. 
On the other hand see Numbers xi. 5. 
Her. ii. 125. G. 

11. Cf. Diod. ii. 4. LU. Her. ii. 42. 
Sirab. xvii. p. 559. Luc. de Astr. 7. The 
Theban Jupiter, or Ammon, was repre- 
sented by the ram. JB, Panth. iEg. i. 3. 
ii. 2. J?. 

12. Cf. Her. ii 46. Miv^mui rov n£va 
Tipufi xa) rh rgayW Steph. R. See 
PT, on Levit. xvi. 8. 

13. Cf. Diod. ii. 4. PR. 

14. Cf. Horn. Od. I 106—125. 180— 
542. K 80—132. LU. 

15. 1 To some of those at table.' VS. 
Alcinous, king of Phseacia. LU. cf. v. 

151, note. 

16. Inter coenandum aut acroamata 
et histriones aut etiam triviales e circo 
ludios interponebat ac fvequeniissime are- 
talogos; Suet. Aug. 74. (ER.) i.e. 
1 parasitic philosophers,' who discourse on 
the nature of virtue at the banquets of the 
great; from a^rvi and Xiyuv. circulatores 
philosophos; Sen. Ep. 29. cf. Ath. vi. 9. 
CAS. Aus. ii. 5. (JS.) FA. ' A romancer.' 
Vopisc. Aur. 42. (54.) F. 4 A bragga- 
docio captain,' D. like that in Plautus, 
M. G. awYiyoi Ti al/raTs (i. e. to Ctesias 
and Iambulus.in whose histories are many 
fables) xa) ^SairzaXos ivti reia<j<r'/i{ fiapo- 
Xo%ia; o rav 'O/uwgav 'O^virtnui ro7f <ri^i 
tov 'Akx/vocv ^I'/iyauf^ivas anpav n ^cvkiiav 
xa) (tovo<Q(}d\fz.6Vi xa) uiftotyayavs xa) 
ay(>tov; Titas av^uTav;. %ti ^\ vroXvxityaXa 
l^a/a xa) ras vto (pagftaxuv twv tral^uv 
(&i<ra(laXa.; , 61a TiXXa ixitvo; <Tgc$ Hticu7a$ 
rebf <&a'taxas In^aTtvtraro' Luc. de V. 
Hist. i. 3. « A Rodomaut.' R. 

17. Abicit for abjicit. M. The other 
compounds of jacio are often subjected 
to a similar change, for sake of the metre. 
Gell. iv. 17. Quint. I. iv. 11. (SPA.) 



Tib. I. viii. 54. (BK. HY.) Fulgent, ii. 
4. iii. 6. (MUN.) Flor. I. x. 5. (DU.) 
R. [Livy xxiii, 34, 1; xxiv, 31, e; 40, 
8; (CR.)xxvii. 4, 10. ED.] 

' A savage Charybdis' (Horn. Od. M 
73 sqq. 101 sqq. 235 sqq. R. v. 102. PR.) 
' and a real one ; not a mere creature of 
the fancy, such as he has been romancing 
about.' axard,\p$vres' Her. iv. 191. 

18. Cogitemus in medio terrarum or be, 
in Sicilia atque Italia homines hajus 
monstri Cyclopas et Lcestrygonas, qui cor~ 
poribus humanis vescerentur ; Plin. vii. 2. 
Formice (now 1 Mola' in Terra di Lavoro) 
antique LcBStrygonum sedes ; Id. iii. 5. 
cf. ix. 64. PR. Call. H. Dian. 67. (SP.) 
Hor. Ill Od. xvi. 34. xvii. 1—9. (MI.) 
Tib. IV. i. 59. and Virg. M. vii. exc. i. 
M. i. 201. iii. 582 sqq. {HY.) R. 

19. Scylla, a sea-monster, fabled to 
reside among the formidable rocks oppo- 
site Charybdis, in the straits of Messina. 
quid loquar, ut Scyllam Nisi, quam fama 
secuta est, Candida succinctam latraiitibus 
inguina monstris, Dulichias vexasse rates, 
et gurgite in alto, ah ! timidos nautas ca- 
nibus lacerdssemarinis, — narraveritl Virg. 
E. vi. 74 sqq. Ov. M. xiii. sq. PR. Horn. 
Od. M 73—100. R. 

These ■ clashing rocks' were at the 
opening of the Thracian Bosporus into 
the Euxine. Plin. iv. 13 s 27. FA. 
Kudnai agrees with wtr^ai understood ; 
they were so called from the deep blue 
colour of the sea : Schol. on Apoll. Rh. 

ii. 318. They are said to have become 
stationary after the passage of the Argo : 
ib. 309 sqq. The origin of the fable has 
been variously accounted for. cf. Strab. 

iii. p. 149. vii. p. 319. Pliny; and Apol- 
lod. I. ix. 22. (HY.) Homer places 
these rocks in the S i c i 1 i a n sea : Od. M 
55 sqq. R. They are now called ' Pavo- 



352 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XV. 



20 Cyaneas, plenos et tempestatibus utres 

Crediderim, aut tenui percussum verbere Circes 
Et cum remigibus grunnisse Elpenora porcis. 
Tarn vacui capitis populum Phaeaca putavit?" 
Sic aliquis merito nondum ebrius et minimum qui 

25 De Corcyraea temetum duxerat urna: 

Solus enim hoc Ithacus nullo sub teste canebat. 
Nos miranda quidem sed nuper Consule Junio 
Gesta super calidae referemus mcenia Copti ; 



rane,' by the barbarians ' Iarcazes.' GR. 
notes on Her. iv. 85. Luc. ii. 715 sqq. 
Ov. Her. xii. 121 sqq. 

20. iEolus gave Ulysses some skins 
full of adverse winds. While the king 
slept, some of his companions were in- 
duced by curiosity to peep into the bags ; 
the consequence was that the foul winds 
escaped and raised a tremendous storm. 
LU. Horn. Od. K 1—75. PR. Virg.iE. 
i. exc. 1. (HY.) R. 

21. Crediderim. This credulous in- 
credulity of the Thaeaciaos reminds one 
of the good dame, who interrupted the 
marvellous narrative of her son, who was 
just returned from a West-Indian voyage, 
with — " No ! that I cannot believe. 
There may be mountains of sugar and 
rivers of rum : but you shall never 
persuade me that there are flying fish !" 

Circe, sister of ^Eetes king of Colchis, 
had a palace on the coast of Italy, cf. v. 
140, note. Horn. Od. K 135—468. Ov. 
M. xiv. 10 sqq. Virg. E. viii. 70. Plin. 
xxv. 2. Plut. de Horn. PR. LU. By a 
stroke of her wand (paQdu TriTtvyvTa) 
she changed twenty-two of the Ciew of 
Ulysses into swine; but afterwards by 
enchantments restored them to their ori- 
ginal shape. A fable, which points out 
the brutalizing effects of intoxication and 
sensual pleasures. Virg. JE. vii. exc. 1. 
(HY.) R. 

22. Elpenor, though not spoken of as 
one of those metamorphosed, is mentioned 
in Horn. Od. K 552 sqq. A 51—80. R. 
Ov. Ib. 487 sq. 

23. Non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora 
Pami; Virg. JE. i. 567. GR. 

24. Nondvm. The Phseacians being 
notoriously dissipated and luxurious cha- 
racters. Hor. I Ep. xv. 24. R. 

25. ' Strong wine ;' from this comes 
temulentus. Hor. IT Ep. ii. 163. M. 



Gell. x. 23. Plin. xiv. 3. iv. 12 s 19.(fL4.) 
Festus. R. 

Due ere pocnla; Hor. I Od. xvii. 22. 
cadus erat vini : inde implevihirneam: earn 
ego vini eduxi meri; Plaut. Amph. I. 
i. 273 sq. Horn. II. A 598. Od. I 9. R. 

26. He * alone' having survived the 
shipwreck. GR. Horn. Od. E 365 sqq. 
R. 

27. Nullo sub teste ; Ov. M. xiii. 14 sq. 

R. 

Q. Junius Rusticus, Hadrian's col- 
league in the third year of that emperor's 
reign, A. U. 872. SA. or, rather, App. 
Junius Sabinus, consul with Domitian, 
A. U. 836. PTH. cf. xiii. 16, note. R. 
Poets are constrained by necessity to 
mention but one consul. Cat. exxxiii. 1. 
OR. To the examples of synizesis in 
note on vi. 82. add Hor. I S. vii. 30. 
tenuia in Virg. and Lucr. iii. 449 &c. SA. 
Sil. iv. 147. vi. 19. iii. 495. 16. 450. iv. 
602. ii. 681. 353. ix. 123. xii. 467. i. 
529. ii. 172. vi. 226. vii. 503. x. 181. 

xv. 173. 621. R. Virg. JE. i. 722. ii. 16. 
442. v. 432. viii. 194. E. iii. 96. Fasc. 
Poet. p. 2. 

28. Super, twig, ' beyond.' cf. Liv. i. 
2,3. xxxi. 47, 3. (DU.) R. 

Coptus was a city of the Thebaid, on a 
canal of the Nile : Strab. xvii. p. 815. 

xvi. p. 781. PR. cf. vi. 527. It was 
common to the Arabians and Egyptians, 
and twelve miles distant from Tentyra. 
As it was the great emporium for the 
merchandise of India, it had a constant 
communication by caravans with the 
Arabian gulf, transmitting its impoits 
down the Nile to Alexandria. It was 
destroyed by Diocletian. Its name is 
now • Ghana ;' the modern Koft, which 
is on the river, being merely the port of 
the ancient city. Plin. v. 9. vi. 23 s 26. 
x. 33 s 49. Zonar. ii. extr. R. 



SAT. XV. 



OF JUVENAL. 



353 



Nos vulgi scelus et cunctis graviora cothurnis. 

30 Nam scelus a Pyrrha, quamquam omnia syrmata volvas, 
Nullus apud tragicos populus facit. Accipe, nostro 
Dira quod exemplum feritas produxerit sevo. 

Inter finitimos vetus atque antiqua simultas, 
Immortale odium et numquam sanabile vulnus 

35 Ardet adhuc Coptos et Tentyra. Summus utrimque 
Inde furor vulgo, quod numina vicinorum 
Odit uterque locus, quum solos credat habendos 
Esse Deos, quos ipse colit. Sed tempore festo 
Alterius populi rapienda occasio cunctis 

40 Visa inimicorum primoribus ac ducibus, ne 

Lsetum hilaremque diem, ne magna? gaudia coenae 
Sentirent, positis ad templa et compita mensis 
Pervigilique toro, quern nocte ac luce jacentem 
Septimus interdum sol invenit. Horrida sane 



29. Vulgi ' common to a whole people :' 
LU. (cf. populus, 31.) whereas Tragedy 
confines itself to the atrocities of an indi- 
vidual, vi. 634 sqq. PR. 

30. ' From the deluge.' LU. i.8\, note. 
PR. 

Syrmata ; viii. 229. here put for the 
* tragedies' themselves. LU. Mart. IV. 
xlix. 8. XII. xcvi. 4. R. 

32. Feritas, attorns' Arist. Eth. vii. 1. 
olci? <paa) %ettgiiv Ivlous ^uv ocwiy^iupivcov 
<xi(H tov TIovtov, rovg (&\v diftoTg, tgvs Ti 
xgictoiv oLvfyuvriov, x. t. X. avrui y-tv fagicu- 
hif ib. 5. 

33. Inter finitimos Coptos et Tentyra ; 
the towns being put for their inhabit- 
ants. SA. The names do not occur 
elsewhere in the plural. R. cf. 1 16, note. 

Simulttis is ' mutual ill-will.' V. 

34. For the sanguinary character of 
religious feuds, see Dio xlii. 34. A than, 
c. Gent. 'O^v^vyx,^™' wftu-s* 
KvvottoXituv t%v o^v^vy^ov l^vv XcSi'ovtuv, 
xvvcts ffvXXafiovTSs noCl 6v<rwri$ . els hgitov 
xaTsQayov ix Vs tovtov xee.7airTd.VTis us 
vroktfAov, ctWwXovs ^ndvixav x«*&if, xai 
Sitti^ov vTo 'Ptufiutav xoXaZfi pivot ^liTiherav' 
Plut. Is. Os. Opp. t. ii. p. 380. JE\. H. 
A. xi. 26. R. 

35. Gens hominum est huic belluce (the 
crocodile) adversa in ipso Nilo, Tentyritce 
ab insula, in qua habitat, appellata : . . . 
itaque uni ei insula crocodili non adnatant; 
olfactuque ejus generis hominum, ut Psyl- 

2 



lorum serpentes, fugantur ; Plin. viii. 25 
s 38. xxviii. 3 s 6. TsvTvgfg- Steph. Byz. 
Sen. N. Q. iv. 2. M\. H. A. x. 21. 24. 
Strab. xvii. On the other hand, the 
Coptites (M\. H. A. x. 24.), the Om- 
bites (ib. 21.), the Arsinoites (Strab. xvii. 
p. 558.), and others, religiously adored 
the crocodile, and considered it an honour 
to have their children devoured by that 
animal. Again, the Tentyrites worshipped 
the hawk; which, out of spite to them, 
the other people crucified. 2EA. Tentyris 
Plin.v. 9 s 11. (HA.) is now ' Denderah.' 
R. 

36. This diversity in religious senti- 
ments is said to have resulted from the 
policy of the ancient kings, who, by esta- 
blishing various objects of religious wor- 
ship, prevented cordial coalition among 
the people, and consequent conspiracies 
against the regal power. Diod. ii. 4. 
PR. 

39. Alterius populi ; from 73 sqq. we 
may conjecture that the Tentyrites were 
the party assailed. ACH. R. 

Rapienda ; cf, Sil. i. 570. Ov. Ep. xix. 
74. (H.) R. 

42. The Egyptians cibos palam et extra 
sua tecta capiunt : Mela i. 9. R. 

43. Cf. viii. 158. R. 

44. " For savage as the country is, it 
vies In luxury (if I may trust my eyes) 
With dissolute Canopus." G. cf. i. 26, 
note. LU. 

Z 



354 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XV. 



45 iEgyptus : sed luxuria, quantum ipse notavi, 
Barbara famoso non cedit turba Canopo. 
Adde, quod et facilis victoria de madidis et 
Blaesis atque mero titubantibus. Inde virorum 
Saltatus nigro tibicine, qualiacumque 

50 Unguenta et flores multaeque in fronte coronae : 
Hinc jejunum odium : sed jurgia prima sonare 
Incipiunt animis ardentibus ; haec tuba rixae. 
Dein clamore pari concurritur et vice teli 
Saevit nuda manus : paucae sine vulnere malse : 

55 Vix cuiquam aut nulli toto certamine nasus 

Integer. Adspiceres jam cuncta per agmina vultus 
Dimidios, alias facies, et hiantia ruptis 
Ossa genis, plenos oculorum sanguine pugnos. 
Ludere se credunt ipsi tamen et pueriles 

GO Exercere acies, quod nulla cadavera calcent. 
Et sane quo tot rixantis millia turbae, 
Si vivunt omnes ? Ergo acrior impetus, et jam 
Saxa inclinatis per humum quaesita lacertis 
Incipiunt torquere, domestica seditioni 

65 Tela ; nec hunc lapidem, quales et Turnus et Ajax, 

47. Cf. I Samuel xxx. 16 sq. I Kings 53. Vice teli: Ov. M. xii. 382. R. 
xvi. 9 sq. M. Sen. Ep. 83. Ath. i. 25. 54. ' Unarmed.' nuda pratlia ; Prop. 
H. IV. i. 28. nuda pugna; Stat. Th. i. 

Madidis; cf. Sil. xii. 18. R. 413. R. 

48. Neque pes, neque mens sutis suum 55. With the whole of this passage 
officium facit; Ter. Eun. IV. v. 3. VS. compare Virg. 2E. vii. 505 — 527. R. 
Arist. Probl. PR. Virgil speaks of the 57. Dimidios; viii. 4. R. 

grape, as tentutura pedes olim vinctuiaque Alias ' quite altered.' VS. 

linguam; G. ii. 94. 58. " Flands, where the gore of man- 

49. ' A swarthy Egyptian as piper.' gled eyes yet reeks, And jaw-bones 
Nilotes iibicen erat, crotalistria Philis; starting through the cloven cheeks !" G. 
Prob. IV. viii. 39. Memphitides puellce 59. ' Mere sport ; no better than chil- 
sacris deum paratce: tinctus colore noctis, dren : s play.' M. 

manu puer loquaci ; Petr. fr. ii. 1 sqq. 63. Jamque faces etsaxa volant; fu- 

GR. ror arma ministrat; Virg. ^E.i. 150. LU. 

' Whatever sort came first to band:' quod cuique rcpertum rimanti, telum ira 

as inebriated persons retain but little dis- facit ; ib. vii. 507. 

crimination. R. The unguents of Egypt ' Stooping' to pick them up. FA. 

were much valued. Plin. LU. 64. Domestica ' familiar;' LU. unless 

51. Hinc is opposed to inde, 48. M. the epithet more properly belong to 

Jejunum odium as irato sistro; xiii. 93. seditioni, and this be used instead of the 

Cf. iii.288. v. 26. jurgia primum: more common construction seditionis. R. 

mox rixa inter Batavos et legionarios, 65. Hunc ' such, so great.' VS. He 

dum his aut illis studia militum aggregan- now laughs at the undignified conduct of 

tur, prope in prcelium exarsere ; Tac. H. the heroes of epic poetry, as well as at 

i. 64. ( ER.") R. the hyperbolical statement of their bodily 



SAT. XV. 



OF JUVENAL. 



355 



Vel quo Tydides percussit pondere coxam 
JEuese; sed quern valeant emittere dextrse 
Illis dissimiles et nostro tempore natae. 
Nam genus hoc vivo jam decrescebat Homero. 

70 Terra malos homines nunc educat atque pusillos. 
Ergo Deus, quicumque adspexit, ridet et odit. 

A deverticulo repetatur fabula. Postquam 
Subsidiis aucti, pars altera promere ferrum 
Audet et infestis pugnam instaurare sagittis ; 

75 Terga fugse celeri prsestantibus omnibus, instant, 
Qui vicina colunt umbrosse Tentyra palmae. 
Labitur hinc quidam, nimia formidine cursum 
Praecipitans, capiturque : ast ilium in plurima sectum 
Frusta et particulas, ut multis mortuus unus 

80 Sufficeret, totum corrosis ossibus edit 
Victrix turba : nec ardenti decoxit aeno 
Aut verubus ; longum usque adeo tardumque putavit 
Exspectare focos, contenta cadavere crudo, 
Hie gaudere libet, quod non violaverit ignem, 



powers. HN. Such representations, how- 
ever, accorded well with the simplicity 
of ancient times, cf. Horn. II. A 517. 
A 264 sqq. M 445 sqq. 3 409 sqq. <f 403 
sqq. R. It will be seen on comparison 
of the following passages, that Virgil, in 
his copy after Homer, has betrayed sad 
want of taste. Generally speaking, his 
heroes have always appeared to me less 
striking in their qualities both of body and 
mind, than those of Homer ; yet they 
perform greater feats upon occasion. G. 

Tumus: cf. Virg. JE. xii. 896 sqq. 
(HY.) LU. 

Ajax: cf. Horn. II. H 268 sqq. LU. 

66. Tvdides: cf. Horn. 11. E 302 sqq. 
(KP.) LU. 

69. *0 ov o^vo y avh^i tpigonv, o7ot vvv 
fcgoroi e«r Horn. II. E 303 sq. cancio 
mortalium generi minorem in dies mensu- 
ram fieri propemodurn observatur : &;c. 
Plin. vii. 16. (HA.) FLO. vix Mud lecti 
bis sex cervice subirent, qualia nunc homi- 
num producit corpora tellus ; Virg. JE. 
xii. 899 sq. S. August, de Civ. D. xv. 9. 
Gell.iii. 10. 13. PR. Horn. II. A 271 sq. 
(KP.) Lucr. ii. 1149 sqq. R. 

70. Hoc majares nostri questi sunt, hoc 
nos qnerimur, hoc posted nostri querent ur, 



eversos esse mores, regnare nequitiam, in 
deterius res humanas et in omne nejas labi ; 
Sen. de Ben. i. 10. R. 

71. Ridet malos et odit pusillos. LU. 

72. Ut ab rerum ordine declinareni 
varietatibusque distinguendo opere et legen- 
tibus velut deverticula amosna et re- 
quiem animo meo qucererem ; Liv. ix. 17. 
R. 

74. Infestis ' sent with hostile aim.' 
Liv. ii. 19. Virg. JE. v. 582. (BU.) R. 
' galling.' 

76. A periphrasis for the Tentyrites. 
LU. 

' The shady palm' is put for ' groves 
of palms.' PR. cf. Her. iv. 172. 182. 
Plut. N. Q. Plin. xiii. 4. Ath. ii. xiv. 
RH. Galen de Alim. ii. 26. R. 

77. This, and what immediately fol- 
lows, is not unlike a passage of terrible 
sublimity in thatnoble fragment, Hesiod's 
Shield of Hercules: or^tv swv wig) sr/cr- 
tqvtuv' <ra.cra.i T a£ 'Uvro oupa. ftiXoiv 

TIMV OV VQWTOV /LCifiCCTOIiV XUfllVOV 

h TiTrovra viovrarov , ay-tii /u,\v uvraZ 
fiaXX' h'jv^as ftzyakov;' 251 sqq. G. 

84. Many nations worshipped ' fire' as 
a sacred element, cf. Cic. Ac. Q. iv. 37. 
N. D. iii. Leg. ii. 20. Her. iii. 16. Plut. 



356 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XV. 



85 Quern summa coeli raptum de parte Prometheus 
Donavit terris. Elemento gratulor et te 
Exsultare reor. Sed qui mordere cadaver 
Sustinuit, nil umquam hac carne libentius edit. 
Nam scelere in tanto ne quseras et dubites, an 

90 Prima voluptatem gula senserit. Ultimus autem, 
Qui stetit absumto jam toto corpore, ductis 
Per terram digitis, aliquid de sanguine gustat. 



PI. Ph. i. 3. Lun. A. RH. PR. D. Laert. 
viii. 26. JB, P. AL. i. 2. HY, exc. xiii. 
on V. iE. vi. R. 

According to the cosmogony of the 
ancient philosophers and poets, ethereal 
fire, the most subtle and pure of the ele- 
ments, occupied the highest place in the 
universe; from which it diffused itself 
throughout all nature with vivifying 
energy. From this souls emanated at 
their union with bodies, and into this they 
were absorbed at dissolution. This opinion 
prevailed throughout the east. In Egypt 
the symbol of this fire was Phtbas: amon» 
the Greeks and Romans, "HQccurros and 
Vulcanus ; though the latter people, in 
this personification, regarded rather the 
grosser earthly fire which is subservient 
to metallurgy and the arts. Such was 
the theory of the followers of Orpheus, 
of the Pythagoreans, and of the Stoics. 
(To this we may attribute the antiquity 
and solemnity of the worship of the 
Roman Vesta and the superstitious vene- 
ration with which the holy fire was pre- 
served. LU. FA.) It is to these ideas 
together with the notion of the purifying 
effect possessed by the elements, (cf. 
Virg. AL. iii. 234. vi. 740 sqq. vii. 114. 
(HY.) Cic. Rose. Am. 26.) that our 
author ironically alludes : but to give 
the full effect to his sarcasm, we must 
suppose Volusius to have a leaning, at 
least, towards the tenets of the fire-wor- 
shippers. R. cf. note on Her. iii. 16. 
It is not improbable that the allusion 
is to the following anecdote : AugtTes f^v 
xaXiffa; 'EXXyvuv rou; vrctgiovrK? u'^iro 
" ivrt x'offoo uv %(>Yiy.(iTi (iovXoia.ro revs 

irU,Tl^a.S U.tf0&vnO~X0VT0t.$ ffirtiffSdl ;" 01 

" I*' OvSlvV i<pa.ff0tV " ifiitV UV TOVTO ■" 

Actios ^£ (/.ITU. roevra xetXiffus 'ivo'cov rev; 
xuXioyAvov; KaXXarias, et rovs yovixg 
xctrioSiovcri, tloiro. vrugtovrav ruv 'EXXn- 
vuv. ' l-zri rlvt %(>yi[£ccrt ^i^xiur alv riXtv- 
rtovra.; roi); <ra,Ttt>as xetraxuitiv <xvot\' 



et o^i a,(JL$af«.vrtt ftiyu tvQuftttiv (tiv tx't- 
Xtvev ib. 38. 

85. Cf. iv. 133. PR. Ztvs 'ix^t *v£ 
•to (i\v otZSti i'tis -rut; 'lec-rtroTo (n gop.*ifabi 
a.yxvXo/u.yrqs) sxXtip' otv6(>uifoio-i Aih; vrotget 
fjtnrteivroi iv xo'iXai vcc^Syiki, XctHuv Aia. rtg- 

Ttx^oevvov Hes. 0. 1). 47 sqq. LU.JEsch. 
P. V. 109. (BG.) 

86. Geutibus hmuriis et nostro gratulor 
orbi; gratulor haic terra, quod abeit regi- 
onibns Mis, qua tantum genuere nefas; 
Ov. M. x. 305 sqq. OR. 

87. Sed qui §c. according to the French 
proverb " Ce n'est que le premier pas qui 
coute." 

88. Sustinere; xiv. 127. R. rXyvcti* 
yEsch. Ag. 217. ' to dare in violation of 
one's own feelings and in spite of strong 
reluctance and aversion :' whereas audere, 
(i. 153. iv. 47. xv. 74. &c.) roXpZv, is 
' to dare in defiance of external obsta- 
cles:' though this distinction is not 
always observed ; see v. 122. and BL, 
on JE. P. V. 1035. 

90. Gula is here used for the person : 
R. (cf. i. 140. v. 94. 158. &c.) and very 
aptly; for nv^ccro rt; <t>iXo?zvos o 'Egvfyog, 
o\po(peityos uv, rov a^vy ycc avru jituxgo'- 
rtgov ytgxvoo ytv'iffdeii, u; 7\hifA.ivoi ry 
xoivorurri %h ruiv ot.\c6wiuv, xctf %v h 
a-xoXeteria. xoCi %o%u%m civ o^txatus iitont&io'- 
ros that, 'on ovy^ w etvfywTo'i Ifff&iv u#ug%tt, 
ccXX' n ZJua.' rb %b roiovrois %xi(>av xai ftct- 
Xttrrct otyuTTuv, tingiaSts' Arist. Eth.iii. 10. 

91. This was pretty clear proof, that 
the first comers had relished what they 
ate. M. 

92. Vascones has its penultimate com- 
mon. R. ' The Vascons' were a people 
in the north-east of Spain : (the modern 
Catalonia and Navarre:) from whom 
the Gascons are descended. Their capi- 
tal was Calaguris (now Calahorra in 
New Castile) on the right bank of the 
Ebro, the birth-place of Quintilian. Strab. 
iii. p. 111. Flor. III. xxii. 9. (DZ7.) Liv. 



SAT. XV. 



OF JUVENAL. 



357 



Vascones, haec fama est, alimentis talibus olim 
Produxere animas : sed res diversa, sed illic 
95 Fortunae invidia est bellorumque ultima, casus 
Extremi, longae dira obsidionis egestas. 
Hujus enim, quod nunc agitur, miserabile debet 
Exemplum esse cibi : sicut modo dicta mihi gens 
Post omnes herbas, post cuncta animalia, quidquid 

100 Cogebat vacui ventris furor, hostibus ipsis 

Paliorem ac maciem et tenues miserantibus artus, 
Membra aliena fame lacerabant, esse parati 
Et sua. Quisnam hominum veniam dare, quisve Deorum 
Viribus abnuerit dira atque immania passis, 

105 Et quibus illorum poterant ignoscere manes, 
Quorum corporibus vescebantur ? Melius nos 
Zenonis preecepta monent : nec enim omnia, qusedam 



Ep. xciii. (DR.) When besieged by 
Pompey and Metellus, the citizens were 
so reduced by famine, that, to maintain 
inviolate their engagement to Sertorius 
(who was then no more), they devoured 
their wives and children rather than 
surrender. V. Max. VII. vi. extr. 2 sq. 
Plut. Sert. and Pomp. App. B. Hisp. 
101. B. C. i. 97. 108—115. SCH. PR. 
R. G. 

94. Animas ( their lives.' LU. vi. 501. 
ix. 122. R. 

95. On the subject of this * envy,' 
which the ancients attributed to Fortune 
and their Gods, R. cf. Her. i. 32. iii, 40. 
(LA.) Her. vii. 10, note 11. ib. 46, note 
47. and ^sch. P. V. 884. ( BG.) [Livy 
xxx, 30, 20. ED.] 

With ultima understandma/a, pericula, 
R. or discrimina. For other instances of 
the extremities to which those besieged 
have beeo reduced, see notes on Her. i. 
176. and vii. 107. 

97. Miserabile: h <ro7s uxoviriat? <rvy- 
yvuy.Yi, ivion $i xa&i eXios' Arist. Eth. iii. 
1. indeed, all the former part of that 
chapter may be consulted here and at 
103 sqq. 

99. Cf. Ov. M. viii. 799 sqq. Sil. ii. 
461—474. Claud. B. G. 21 sqq. R. 
Lucan. VS. 

100. Improba ventris rabies ; Virg. 
M. ii. 356. Ath. x. 1. R. 

' Their very enemies.' cf. Psalm cvi. 
46. M. 



101. Cf. Call. H. Cer. 94. (SP.) R. 

102. See that most pathetic and sub- 
lime picture which is given in Deut. 
xxviii. 49 — 57. M. 

Esse i. e. edere. LU. 

103. ' Those of their wives and chil- 
dren' [cf. Her. i. 214, note 2.] ' and 
even their own.' ipse suos artu s lacero 
divellere morsu coepit et infelix minuendo 
corpus alebat ; Ov . M, viii. 877 sq. R. 

104. Viribus ' to men so brave,' the 
abstract for the concrete. LU. Another 
reading is nrbibus, viz. Calaguris, Nu- 
mantia, and Saguntum. PR. Ventribus 
perhaps would be better than either : cf. 
iii. 167. iv. 107. xiv. 126. The abbre- 
viation Vtribvs might be easily cor- 
rupted into Viribvs. VA. Compare also 
the use of gula, v. 90 and elsewhere. 
WB, and OR, receive the proposed 
emendation. 

105. Manes ; Pers. v. 152, note. PR. 
107. Zeno the Stoic. VS. cf. xiii. 121. 

PR. 

No 7i omni pretio vita emenda est; 
Sen. Ep. 72. 17. 70. vitam quidem non 
adeo expetendam censemus, ut quoquo modo 
protrahenda sit. quisquis es talis, ceque 
moriere, etiam cum obscxnus vixeris aut 
nefaiidus; Plin. xxviii. Is 2. cf. viii. 83 
sq. notes, usque adeone mori miserum est ? 
Virg. J£. xii. 646. PR. R. LU. hm V 

a.TohyiTiov, tfctOovTix, <rk tuv'orarct' Arist. 
Eth. iii. 1. 



358 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XV. 



Pro vita facienda putat. Sed Cantaber unde 
Stoicus, antiqui praesertim aetate Metelli ? 

110 Nunc totus Graias nostrasque habet orbis Athenas. 
Gallia causidicos docuit facunda Britannos : 
De conducendo loquitur jam rhetore Thule. 
Nobilis ille tamen populus, quern diximus ; et par 
Virtute atque fide, sed major clade Saguntus 

115 Tale quid excusat. Maeotide saevior ara 

iEgyptus. Quippe ilia nefandi Taurica sacri 



108. Cantabria is now ' Biscay.' PR. 
The Vascons are here meant. LU. 

109. Q. Ccecilius Metellus Pius (son 
of Q. C. M. Numidicus) may be called 
antiquus with reference either to his 
having lived so many years before the 
time Juvenal is speaking of, or to his 
advanced age; (cf. Virg. JE. ix. 647.) 
in reference to which Sertorius face- 
tiously observed in an address to his 
soldiers: " As for that boy" (meaning 
Pompey), " if it had not been for the 
arrival of this old woman," (viz. Metel- 
lus,) " I would have whipped him and 
sent him home." Plut. Sert. Opp. t. i. p. 
578. R. 

110. ' Athens of Greece :' undehuma- 
nitas, doctrina, religio, fruges, jura, leges 
ortas atque in omnes terras distributee pu- 
tantur ; Cic. for Flac. 26. PP. Hence 
Thucydides calls it <xa.'i%iv<ns «rSjf 'EXkd- 
2of ii. 41. Diodorus, koivov •ra.th-vTYictov 
TTavruv uvfyuvuv' xiii. p. 344, "23. so 
that Athens became a synonymous word 
for * literature and the fine arts,' and 
the school where these were taught was 
called an Athenaeum. R. 

Nostras : in like manner our author 
says Syrus in Tiberim defuiit Oroutes ; 
iii. 62. R. cf. ib. 61, note. 

111. Gallia: cf. i. 44, and vii. 148, 
notes. LU. 

On the Britons, see Tac. Agr. 21. R, 

1 12. Of course this is to be taken as 
an hyperbole. LU. 

What northern country the ancients 
designated by the name of Thule is very 
uncertain. It may be either (1) Sweden 
and Norway, or (2) Shetland, LU. or 
(3) Iceland, ultima Thule; Virg. G. i. 
30. (VO.) PR. cf. Plin. Ep. iv. 16. 
Isid. Et. xiv. Mela iii. 6. p. 57. R. see 
AN. 

1 13. The Vascons of Calaguris. PR. 

114. • The Saguntines were as distin- 



guished by their fidelity to Rome, as the 
men of Calaguris were for theirs to 
Sertorius ;' M. ' but more eminent in 
their disasters :' for the siege of Calaguris 
was raised ; (A. U. 679. OR.) Liv. Ep. 
xciii. App. B. C. i. 1 12. whereas Sagun- 
tum was captured by Hannibal after an 
eight months' siege and razed ; Sil. i. 
296. ii. 695. Liv. xxi. 5—15. Polyb. iii. 
J7. Flor. ii. 2. Plin. vii. 3. V. Max. vi. 
6. R. PR. SCH. The latter author con- 
cludes in words which show that he felt 
for their ill-fated devotion ; crediderim 
tunc ipsam Fidem, liumana negotia specu- 
lantem, mocstum gesshse vultum; perseve* 
rafitissimum sui cultum, iniquce Fortunes 
judicio, tarn acerbo exitu damnatum cer- 
nentem. G. 

Saguntus, or Sagimtum in Valencia. 
PR. v. 29, note. It has a fort, 
which still bears the name of Sa- 
g u n t a. 

115. Among the Tauri who inhabited 
the peninsula, called from them the 
Tauric Chersonese, now the Crimea, on 
the south west of the Maeotic lake, there 
was an altar to Diana on which it was 
the practice to immolate shipwrecked 
strangers. On this custom Euripides 
founded the tragedy of Iphigenia in 
Taur'ts. cf. Diod. iv. 3. 45. Strab. v. 
Her. iv. 103. Paus. iii. 16. ix. 19. 
Ov. Pont. III. ii. 45—96. Tr. IV. iv. 
63—82. Call. Dian. 173 sq. (SP.) 
Anton. Lib. F. 27. and Hyg. F. 98. 120. 
(MUN.) Virg. JE. vii. 761 sqq. exc. vdi. 
(HY.) VS. LU. R. 

Mceotis ara ; xiv. 287, note. R. 

116. Taurica, understand terra or 
Cherso)iesus, as in Plin. iv. 12. R. The 
country put for the people, M. as 
in 35. 

Nefandi sacri. For scepius olim Religio 
peperit scelerosa atque impia facta. Aulide 
quopacto Trivial virginis aram I]>hianassa'i 



SAT. XV. 



OF JUVENAL. 



359 



Inventrix homines (ut jam, quae carmina tradunt, 
Digna fide credas) tantum immolat, ulterius nil 
Aut gravius cultro timet hostia. Qui modo casus 

120 Impulit hos ? Quae tanta fames infestaque vallo 
Arma coe^erunt tarn detestabile monstrum 
Audere ? Anne aliam, terra Memphitide sicca, 
Invidiam facerent nolenti surgere Nilo ? 
Qua nec terribiles Cimbri nec Britones umquam 

125 Sauromataeve truces aut immanes Agathyrsi, 
Hac saevit rabie imbelle et inutile vulgus, 
Parvula fictilibus solitum dare vela phaselis 



turparnnt sanguine J 'cede duetorea Dananm. 
. . . tantum Religio potuit siuidere malo- 
rum ! Lucr. i. 83 sqq. R. 

117. Thoas, the king of the Tauri, 
who was afterwards slain by Orestes, is 
said to have been the inventor of this 
barbarous rite. VS. PR. 

Ut ' even supposing.' R. 

118. 'They only immolate.' LU. 
" Far, far more savage, Egypt's frantic 
train, They butcher first, and then de- 
vour the slain !" G. 

121. M.mstrum ; ii. 122. R. 

122. ' The land of Egypt, so called 
from Memphis a royal city on the left 
bank of the Nile, (^near its division to 
form the Delta,) opposite to which, on 
the right bank of the river, now stands 
Grand Cairo. R. BRI. M. 

123. The meaning of the question, 
which is reckoned obscure by its brevity, 
appears to be this: 1 When Egypt was 
suffering from drought and expecting the 
annual inundation, what more effectual 
method could these factious cannibals 
have devised for incensing the god of the 
Nile and provoking the River to with- 
hold his fertilizing waters, thereby bring- 
ing him into unpopularity and public 
odium? R. 31. G. On one occasion, 
indeed, it appears that a drought of long 
continuance was rem e died by a human 
sacrifice : dicitur sEgvptos caruisse juvan- 
tihus arva imbribus, atque annos sicca 
fuisse novem : cum Thrasius Busirin adit, 

monstratque piuri hospitis effuso sanguine 
posse Jovem. Mi Busiris, " jies Jovis 
hostia primus," inquil, " et JEgypto tu 
dabis hospes aquam ;*' Ov. A. A. i. 647 
sqq. M. FA. Hyg. F. 56. R. 

Utque parumjustce nimiumque in pellice 
scevop, i 7i v i d i am feet r e deep, ; Ov. M. 



iv. 546 sq. nam quod invidiamfaeis 
nobis, ingenuos honestosque clamando, vide 
ne deteriorem facias conjidentia causam ; 
Petr. p. 374. G. cf. Quint. Decl. viii. 14. 
(BIT.) R. 

The Nile was one of the chief deities of 
Egypt. JB, P. .E. t. ii. p. 140 sqq. p. 
168 sqq. cf. Her. quoted in note on 7. 
On the causes of the river's rise, see Her. 
ii. 17—25. ( WS. LA.) Ath. ii. 88—90. 
(SW.) Diod. i. p. 33 sqq. Sen. N. Q. iv. 
2. JB. ib. p. 14 sqq. p. 163 sqq. R. 

124. Britones a German tribe, from 
which the Bretons who settled in Ar- 
morica derived their origin and name. 
Tac. SCH. Sidon. Ap. PR. 

125. Pictique Agathyrsi; Virg. JE. iv. 
146. exc. ii. (HY.) A Scythian nation, 
LU. who occupied the modern Transyl- 
vania, cf. Her. iv. 100. 102, note. 104. 
125. Plin. iv. 12 s 26. Mela ii. 1. R. 

126. Imbelle et inutile; cf. note 98 on 
Her. i. 191. and note 52 on Her. iii. 81. 

127. 'Ayr; •ttczvtwv Iff-riv o ruv <za.v/;- 
yvonrruv o'%\os tuv \x cjjj ' AXiVuvh alloc; 
xotriovrcov <ryj tiuovyi <xa.o-(i yao 'AyAoa kk) 
vb\ <rXn$u;i tcZv Iv toTs irXoictpisi; xafav- 
XovpAvtov xa) xaroo^ovfi'ivedv u.vx'i$y]v ftzret 
Trii itTfcccT'/i; ci7idXtti/'iiz$ xa) ocvhoav xcii 
yvvuixiuv Strabo xvii. p. 801 A. who 
also mentions their using boats of baked 
earth ; LU. varnished so as to be 
water-tight. By its absolute want of 
timber, this nation was driven to mise- 
rable shifts. Even under the Greeks, 
when they enjoyed a transient gleam of 
prosperity, their internal communications 
were carried on in canoes that would 
disgrace the New-Zealanders. The Pto- 
lemies, indeed, had vessels of a consider- 
able size in the Mediterranean, but these 
came, as they still do, from Cyprus, 



360 THE SATIRES sat. 

Et brevibus pictse remis incumbere testa?. 

Nec pcenam sceleri invenies nec digna parabis 
130 Supplicia his populis, in quorum mente pares sunt 

Et similes ira atque fames. Mollissima corda 

Humano generi dare se Natura fatetur, 

Quae lacrumas dedit : hsec nostri pars optima sensus. 

Plorare ergo jubet casum lugentis amici 
135 Squaloremque rei, pupillum ad jura vocantem 

Circumscriptorem, cujus manantia fletu 

Ora puellares faciunt incerta capilli. 

Naturae imperio gemimus, quum funus adultse 

Virginis occurrit vel terra clauditur infans 



Rhodes, &c. cf. Sen. N. Q. iii. 25. iv. 2. 
GR. Any concave vessel will float, if the 
aggregate of its bulk be of less specific 
gravity than water. ACH. Boats have 
been constructed of copper and of iron. 

Juvenal had in his mind the following 
passage: quce Pellcei gens fortunata Ca- 
nopiaccolit effitso stagnant em jlumine Nil um 
et circvm pictll vehitur sua rura phaietis; 
Virg. G. iv. 287 sqq. fragiles phaseli ; 
Hor. Ill ()d. ii. 28. Ov. Pont. I. x. 39. 
The Egyptian boat was called baris : 
Diod. i. 98. Her. ii. 96 sq. HY. cf. Plin. 
vi. 22. xiii. 11. Theoph. II. P. iv. 9. 
Plut. Is. Os. p. 358. Luc. iv. 135 sqq. 
Exodus ii. 3. Joshua xviii. 2. The pha- 
selus [whence our word vessf.i,] was • a 
long narrow boat' or 'gondola/ and was 
so called from its resemblance to • a 
bean-shell.' cf. Virg. G. i. 227. From 
its make, it was of great swiftness: cf. Cat. 
iv. 1. (VO.) R. as the boats which are 
built for racing on the Isis. 

128. 'EfiRaXuv xuxaw Pind. P. iv. 
356. tTippwovr iXarnfft. Apoll. Rh. ii. 
663. R. 

130. ' Who commit out of mere anger 
such atrocities, as extreme necessity alone 
could justify in the Vascons.' LU. 

132. Natura hominem tantum nudum 
et in nuda humo uaiali die abjicit ad 
vagitus itutirn et ploratum, nullumque tot 
animalium aliud ad lacrumas, et has pro- 
tinus vita, principio: at, Hercules, visits, 
prcecox ille et celerrimus, ante quadragesi- 
mum diem vvlH datur ; Plin. vii. 1 R, 

133. 'Aya/loi u.siha.x(>vis avSgej. LZ7. 

134. Cf. Romans xii. 15. M. 

135. Those who were arraigned in a 
court of judicature used to appear in a 



squalid plight, in order to excite com- 
miseration in the judges. PR. " Un- 
comb'd his locks, and squalid his attire." 
D. 

136. For pupillus and circumscriptor, 
cf. i. 46 sq. R. and x. 222. PR. 

137. Cf. Hor. II Od. v. 23 sq. (ML) 
Ov. M. viii. 322. ix. 711. (GL) R. 
Mart. XII. xlix. OR. 

138. This may remind one of the pas- 
sage in Hamlet, where the Queen scatters 
flowers on Ophelia's grave : " Sweets 
to the sweet : farewell ! I hoped, 
thou should'st have been my Hamlet's 
wife ; I thought, thy bride-bed to have 
deck'd, sweet maid, And not t' have 
strew'd thy grave:" V. i. cf. also Ter. 
An. I. i. 77 — 109. M. How exquisite 
is the pathos in the simile which Shak- 
speare has put in the mouth of old Capu- 
let on his daughter's apparent death ! 
" Death lies on her, like an untimely 
frost upon the sweetest flower of all the 
field;" Rom. and Jul. IV. v. Compare 
other passages in that and the following 
scenes. "For though fond Nature 
bids us all lament, Yet Nature's 
tears are Reason's merriment;" ib. 

139. Editis infantibus primores septimo 

mense gigni dentes baud dubium est 

hominem piius quam genito dente cremari, 
mos gentium non est; Plin. vii. 16 s 15. BE. 
ib. 54. suggrundaria antiqui dice- 
bant sepulcra i»fantium,qui necdum XL dies 
implessent, quia nec bust a dici poterant ; 
quia ossa quce eomburentur non erant; nec 
[tumuli, quia non erai] tanta cadaveris 
immanitas, qua locus tumesceret. unde 
Rutilius Geminus Astyanacte ait : " Me- 
lius suggrundarium misero qucereres quam 



SAT. XV. 



OF JUVENAL. 



361 



140 Et minor igne rogi. Quis enim bonus et face dignus 
Arcana, qualem Cereris vult esse sacerdos, 
Ulla aliena sibi credat mala ? Separat hoc nos 
A grege mutorum, atque ideo venerabile soli 
Sortiti ingenium divinorumque capaces 

145 Atque exercendis capiendisque artibus apti 
Sensum a ccelesti demissum traximus arce, 
Cujus egent prona et terram spectantia. Mundi 
Principio indulsit communis conditor illis 
Tantum animas, nobis animum quoque, mutuus ut nos 

150 Affectus petere auxilium et praestare juberet, 
Dispersos trahere in populum, migrare vetusto 



sepulcrum ;" Fab. Plane. Fulg. in Exp. 
Serm. Ant. p. 560. PR. This writer is 
one of little veracity, and fond of invent- 
ing words and forging authorities. (Iff. 
Cicero says it was not usual to weep for 
infants so young; and Plutarch, in his 
Consolation to his wife, endeavours to 
moderate her grief for her child, by a 
reference to this prevailing practice. 
Juvenal, however, with his usual good 
sense, produces this affecting circum- 
stance, to show the power of unsophisti- 
cated nature over the refinements of 
custom. G. With pity it has fared much 
the same as with piety: cf. V. Max. V. 
iv. ext. 5. R. 

140. The rites of Ceres were performed 
in secret and by night : it was the height 
of impietv to divulge them. cf. Call. H. 
Cer. 7. (SP.) Hor. Ill Od. ii. 26. (ML) 
On the fifth and great day of the festival 

ruv XufAiruhav yif&igu), in memory of 
the search made by the goddess with 
torches after Proserpine, lighted torches 
were placed before their doors, Plut. Cic. 
t. i. p. 871. as well as carried in pro- 
cession both by men and women QaSov 
%ot). These were no longer fivo-vcu, who 
were admissible only to the lesser mys- 
teries, but i<po(>ai or tTorTai ; and the 
priest (hgoipdvTitjs or ftverrayeuyos) re- 
vealed to them, the greater mysteries, 
after a strict previous enquiry into the 
moral and religious characters of the 
candidates, cf. vi. 50, note. LU. JS. R. 
Ov.F. iv. 493 sq. Claud. R.Pr.i. 11. PR. 

142. Iste versus (Ter. Heaut. I. i. 25.) 
et in pectore et in ore sit: " homo sum, 
humani nihil a me alienum puto ;" Sen. 
Ep. 95. Cic. Off. i. 9. R. 

3 



144. Deus homines humo excitatos celsos 
et ere.ctos constituit, utdeorum cognitionem, 
cozlum intueutes, capere possent ; sunt enim 
homines non ut incolce atque habitatores,sed 
quasi spectatores superarum rerum atque 
ccelestium, quarum spectaexdum ad nullum 
aliud genus animantium periinet ; Cic. 
N. D. ii. 56. R. How sadly men have 
neglected or abused this their ' capacity 
to apprehend divine truths' may be seen, 
Romans i. 21 sq. M. 

146. Animorum nulla in terris origo 
inveniri potest. . . . ita quidquid est illud 
quod sensit, quod sapit, quod vult, quod 
viget, co?leste et divinum est ideoque (ster- 
num, Qc. Cic. T. Q. i. 27. divinos parti- 
culam aura ; Hor. II S. ii. 79. PR. igneus 
est ollis vigor et coelestis origo ; Virg. JE. 
vi. 730 sqq. and exc. xiii. (HY.) LU. 
Fulgent, ii. 9. (MUN.) R. 

Arce ; cf. 85. R. xiv. 87. nos tua pro- 
genies, coeli quibus annuls arc em', 
Virg. JE. i. 254. M. 

147. Figuram quoque corporis habilem 
et aptam ingenio dedit : nam cum cceteras 
animantes Deus adjecisset ad pastum, solum 
hominem erexitet ad coeli quasi cognitionem, 
domicilii unde descenderat, ezcitavit ; Cic. 
N. D. ii. 56. p r o n a que cum spectent 
animalia cetera terram, os homini sub- 
lime dedit conlumque tueri jussit et erectos 
ad sidera tollere vullus ; Ov. M. i. 84 sqq. 
PR. omnes homines qui sese student prce- 
stare ceteris animalibus, quce Natura prona 
et ventri obedientia finxit , fyc. Sal]. B. C. 
1. (CO.) M. Cic. Leg. i. 9. pr, R. 

149. Animas; vi. 531, note. cf. Eccles. 
iii. 21. M. and Gen. ii. 7. 

150. Cf. Sen. Ep. 95. Ira i. 5. R. 

151. Fuit quondam tempus, cum in 

A 



362 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XV. 



De nemore et proavis habitatas linquere silvas ; 
ZEdificare domos, Laribus conjungere nostris 
Tectum aliud, tutos vicino limine somnos 

155 Ut collata daret fiducia; protegere armis 

Lapsum aut ingenti nutantem vulnere civem, 
Communi dare signa tuba, defendier isdem 
Turribus atque una portarum clave teneri. 
Sed jam serpentum major concordia. Parcit 

160 Cognatis maculis similis fera. Quando leoni 

Fortior eripuit vitam leo ? Quo nemore umquam 
Exspiravit aper majoris dentibus apri ? 
Indica tigris agit rabida cum tigride pacem 
Perpetuam : saevis inter se convenit ursis. 

165 Ast homini ferrum letale incude nefanda 



agris passim homines bestiarum more vaga- 
bantur et sibi victu ferino vitam propa- 
gabant ; Cic. Inv. i. 2. Ath. xiv. 23. 
SCH. tu itrbes peperisti; tu dissipates ho- 
mines in societatem vilce convocusti ; tu eos 
inter se prima domiciliis, deinde conjugiis, 
turn Uterurum et vocum communionejunx- 
isti ; §c. Cic. T. Q. v. 2 s 5. oppida 
cozperunt munire, et ponere leges, ne quis 
fur esset, neu latro, neu quis adulter ; 
Hor. I S. iii. 105 sq. PR. cf. vi. 3 sqq, 
notes. M. 

152. Silvestres Iwmines ccedibus et victu 
faedo deterruit Orpheus ; Hor. A. P. 391 
sq. PR. 

153. " Instead of those loose associ- 
ations, which, though they scarcely di- 
minished their personal independence, 
had been sufficient for theirsecurity while 
they remained in their original countries, 
they" (the barbarians of the north, who 
had overrun and conquered Europe,) 
" saw the necessity of uniting in more 
close confederacy, and of relinquishing 
some of their private rights in order to 
attain public safety ;" Robertson, Ch. 5th. 
Tntr. § i. p. 12. 

155. " To repel injuiies, and to revenge 
wrongs is no less natural to man than to 
cultivate friendship ; and while society 
remains in its most simple state, the 
former is considered as a personal right 
no less unalienable than the latter. Nor 
do men in this situation deem that they 
have a title to redress their own wrongs 
alone ; they are touched with the in- 
juries done to those with whom they are 



connected, or in whose honour they are 
interested, and are no less prompt to 
avenge them. The savage, however im- 
perfectly he may comprehend the prin- 
ciples of political union, feels warmly the 
sentiments of social affection, and the 
obligations arising from the ties of blood. 
On the appearance of an injury or affront 
offered to his family or tribe, he kindles 
into rage, and pursues the authors of it 
with the keenest resentment;" Robertson, 
ib. i. p. 38 sq. 

156. For saving the life of a citizen, 
the reward was a civic crown. V. Max. 
ii. 8. SCH. 

159. Canis caninam non est ; Varro : 
(JS.) VS. whereas nulla est tarn detesta- 
bilis pestis qute homini ab homine non nas- 
catur ; Cic. Off. solus homo est homini 
lupus. LU. cetera animantia in suo genere 
prope degunt: congregari videmus et stare 
contra dissimilia: leonum feritas inter se 
non dimicat : serpentum morsus non petit 
serpentes : nec maris quidem beluce ni»i in 
diversa genera sceviunt. at hercule homini 
plurima ex homine sunt mala; Plin. vii. 
pr. (HA.) Sen. Ep. 104. PR. Id. 95. 
de Clem. i. 26. Contr. 9. Hor. Ep. vii. 
11 sq. (MI.) R. Compare the dying 
vulture's speech in the original No. 22. 
of the Idler. 

Parcit §c. " This is prettily said, but 
without truth : since the male beasts of 
every kind fight together, when hunger 
or lust stimulates them ; and act, in this 
respect, just as if they were men." JO. 
And this too is prettily said. G. 



SAT. XV. 



OF JUVENAL. 



363 



Produxisse parum est ; quum rastra et sarcula tantum 
Adsueti coquere et m arris ac vomere lassi 
Nescierint primi gladios extundere fabri. 
Adspicimus populos, quorum non sufficit irae 
170 Occidisse aliquem ; sed pectora, brachia, vultum 
Crediderint genus esse cibi. Quid diceret ergo, 
Vel quo non fugeret, si nunc haec monstra videret 
Pythagoras, cunctis animalibus abstinuit qui 
Tamquam homine et ventri indulsit non omne legumen ? 



166. And yet the first smiths made 
nothing but implements of husbandry, 
cf. Plin. xxxiv. 14. Sen. Ben. vii. 10. 
Tib. i. 3. Virg. G. ii. 538—540. R. 

169. • People' viz. the Tentyrites. BRI. 

171. Compare with this, ii. 1 sqq- 
153—158. R. 

173. Pythagoras was a native of Samos. 
VS. He held the doctrine of the met- 
empsychosis, and was therefore averse 
to shedding the blood of any animal, cf. 
Laert. viii. Gell. iv. 11. LI. iii. 229. 
After many travels, he settled at Crotona, 
in the reign of the latter Tarquin, (where 
he became the founder of the Italic sect ;) 
and died in Magna Gra?cia at an advanced 
age. cf. Euseb. Lact. iii. Cic. T. Q. i. 
38. iv. 2. cum in Italiam venisset, exornavit 
earn GrcEciam, quce Magna dicta est, et 
privatim et publice, prcestantissimis insti- 
tute et artibus; ib. v. 10. PR. Cicero 
has attacked him on the subject of his 
doctrine, de Div. ii. 58. and so has Lu- 
cian, with very keen ridicule, in his dia- 
logue "Of. n 'AXtxr. R. For a full ac- 
count of this eminent philosopher, see AN. 



174. " Abstain from beans" is said to 
have been one of his precepts : SCH. for 
which singular and superstitious injunc- 
tion a variety of reasons have been as- 
signed. Cic. Div. ii. 119. Plin. xviii. 12. 
Plut. Symp. viii. pr. 8. Or. i. de Esu 
Carn. Antiph. in Ath. iv. 17. Ath. vii. 
16. x. 5. Gell. iv. 11. PR. Iambi. Ov. 
M. xv. 60 sqq. Iff. Pythagoras says: 

vv%i /xtfAirgv/zlvyitriv, aJfta, vroinffiis' Luc.V. 
Auct. t. iii. p. 96. OR. On considering 
many parts of this great man's character, 
as it is to be collected from various 
writers, we find him, in mathematics, in 
astronomy, in theology, many centuries 
before his age ; and one might, therefore, 
be almost tempted to regard these tales, 
respecting his veneration or abhorrence 
for this or that particular kind of pulse, 
as the invention of later times. Instead 
of wasting our ingenuity on endless con- 
jectures, we should do well to call to 
mind the history of the golden tooth, 
and be previously certified of the existence 
of the fact ! G. 



SATIRE XVI. 



ARGUMENT. 

Under a pretence of pointing out to his friend Gallus the advantages of a 
military state, J — 6. the author attacks, with considerable spirit, the 
exclusive privileges which the army had acquired or usurped, to the 
manifest injury of the civil part of the community. 7 sqq. G* The 
military had now got to such a pitch of licentiousness, as to insult their 
fellow-citizens with gross impunity. 9 — 12. Every complaint against a 
soldier must be brought before a court-martial; where the plaintiff 
obtained little redress, while he incurred the most imminent peril. 
13 — 34. Again, whereas all other citizens suffer deplorably by the delays 
of the law, to soldiers there is always a court open ; and their causes 
are immediately heard, and as promptly decided. 35 — 50. 

Soldiers have also the peculiar privilege of disposing of the property they 
acquire in the service, even in their father's lifetime : 51 — 56. and this 
property is not inconsiderable, as it is the policy of a general to heap 
riches and honours upon his meritorious followers. 56 — 60. R. 

The outline presented scope for a picture not unworthy of the pencil of 
Juvenal ; and indeed, what is touched of it, possesses at times a con- 
siderable degree of merit. Much, however, yet remained to be filled up, 
(cf. Polyb. vi. 39. LI, Mil. Rom. v. 19. de Magn. Rom. i. 6.) when the 
writer, as if alarmed at the boldness of his own design, hurried on the 
conclusion, with an abruptness which mars the whole effect. G. Indeed 
whether or no Juvenal was the writer has been much disputed. On the 
affirmative side of the question are Priscian, SV. JS. DM. SR. M. 
&c. &c. on the negative, GROT. RU. B. PL. BA. HK. G. &c. (see 
Gibbon, Rise and Fall ; note on ch. v.) At any rate it seems an unfinished 
piece ; M. and I have marked it accordingly. 



sm. xvi. THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. 



365 



Quis numerare queat felicis prsemia, Galle, 
Militiae ? Nam si subeuntur prospera castra, 
Me pavidum excipiat tironem porta secundo 
Sidere. Plus etenim fati valet hora benigni, 
5 Quam si nos Veneris commendet epistola Marti 
Et Samia genitrix quae delectatur arena. 

Commoda tractemus primum communia, quorum 
Haud minimum illud erit, ne te pulsare togatus 
Audeat ; immo, etsi pulsetur, dissimilet nec 
10 Audeat excussos Praetori ostendere dentes 
Et nigram in facie tumidis livoribus offam 
Atque oculum medico nil promittente relictum. 
Bardaicus judex datur heec punire volenti 



1. Gallus, the poet's Mend, is proba- 
bly the same person that Martial so often 
mentions. R. 

3. A Roman camp had two gates : 
that in front, opposite the enemy, was 
called 1 the PrEetorian,' and the postern, 
by which military delinquents were led 
out to be punished, was callediDecumana. 
LL Veget. de Re Mil. PR. 

4. Sidere ; vii. 195, note. Hor. II Od. 
xvii. 17 sqq. M. 

5. 1 Than if we carried a letter of re- 
commendation to Mars from his mistress 
or his mother.' LIT. 

Veneris ; cf. Lucr. i. 30 sqq. PR. x. 
313 sq. R. 

6. A periphrasis for 1 Juno.' VS. Mars 
was either the son of Jupiter and Juno, 
or of Juno alone : and this goddess was 
especially worshipped in the sandy 
Samos; (now ' Sussam Adassi,') Virg. 
2E. i. 15 sq. LIT. cf. iii. 70, note. PR. 
Ov. F. v. 229. Apoll. I. iii. 1. Phurnut. 
N. D. 21. also Her. iii. 60. Lact. Inst, 
i. 17. Paus. vii. 4. Ath. xiv. 20. xv. 4. 
Call. Dian. 228. R. 

7. 1 Common to every man in the 
army, from the highest to the lowest.' M. 

8. Togatus opposed to armatus; 34. M. 
as is paganus also; 33. Plin. Ep. vii. 25. 
x. 18. Veget. ii. 23. extr. and in the 
Jurists. Under the emperors the hus- 
bandmen appear to have been exempt 
from military service, that agriculture 
might not be neglected. ER, CI. Cic. 
On the origin of this name, cf. Dionys. 



i. p. 35. ii. p. 135. iv. p. 220. R. and xiv. 
154, note. On toga, as characteristic of 
the man of peace, cf. viii. 240, note. x. 
8, note. [Livy xxii, 23, 2. ED.] 

9. Cf. iii. 288—301. R. 

10. ' To the civil magistrate.' R. 

12. ' Giving no hopes.' LIT. 

13. Bardei : 'iWvgioi 2ovXot, ol xai 
uyavicrtzf&tvot vff\(> t5Jj 'irakiois, xctrx K/v- 
vov ncti Mxg'iou ffrgant/ffoifAivor xa) Ix rov- 
vou <rvgct9v%o'Cii Kccra rwv tiffirorcav' Gloss. 
L. Gr. They are called Vardcei, Plin. iii. 
22 s 26. Cic. ad Div. v. 9. Ovafim, Ptol. 

ii. 17. 'Afitciioi, Strab. vii. 5. p. 315. 
Polyb. ii. 11 sq. App. B. 111. 3. 10. (SW.) 
[Livy xxvii, 30, j. ED.] Mx^ns xxrytt 
^ogv<p'o(>ovs 1t%ot>v XayaBus \x tuv K^offnUQai- 
TnxoTuv2auXuv } ous Bccflia'iovs •r^offnyo^tuiV 
Plut. Mar. Opp. t. i. p. 431. a. GR. 
Bardaicus may be taken absolutely, as 
in Mart. IY. iv. 5. PR. or with, judex, 
or with calceus. It is formed from Bardcei, 
as Achaicus from Achaei. If put abso- 
lutely, cucidlus is to be understood : 
Martial has an epigram on ' Liburnian 
cowls ;' XIV. cxxxix. SA. This 4 cowl' 
was made of goat's hair, and was worn 
by the judge martial ; moerent captives 
pellito judice leges; Claud. Ruf. ii. 
85. EE. ' The Bardaic shoe' would be 
one of goat's skin, properly called udo; 
Mart. XIY. 140. CAL. In any case, 
the sense will be much the same : ' Your 
judge will be some half-civilized bar- 
barian, who, from his servile and out- 
landish origin, can have no sympathy 



366 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XVI. 



Calceus et grandes magna ad subsellia sura?, 
15 Legibus antiquis castrorum et more Camilli 
Servato, miles ne vallum litiget extra 
Et procul a signis. Justissima Centurionum 
Cognitio est igitur de milite ; nec mihi deerit 
Ultio, si justae defertur causa querela?. 
20 Tota cohors tamen est inimica omnesque manipli 
Consensu magno efficiunt, curabilis ut sit 
Vindicta et gravior, quam injuria. Dignum erit ergo 
Declamatoris mulino corde Vagelli, 
Quum duo crura habeas, offendere tot caligas, tot 
25 Millia clavorum. Quis tarn procul absit ab Urbe ? 
Praeterea quis tarn Pylades, molem aggeris ultra 
Ut veniat ? Lacrumse siccentur protenus et se 
Excusaturos non sollicitemus amicos. 
" Da testem" judex quum dixerit : audeat ille, 



with freemen, and but little respect for 
the rights of a Roman citizen.' HN. 
ACH. cf. vii. 116 sq. R. 
Punire; iii. 116, note. R. 

14. Calceus; cf. iii. 247 sq, note. M. 
ib. 322. PR. calceus et surce for calceatce 
sura. 

Grandes. The centurions were chosen 
for their height and strength. BRI. 

The tribunal of the general was 
near his own tent; ' the benches' of the 
tribunes and centurions were by the 
standards, which were placed in the area 
(called principia) in the centre of the 
camp. GR. AD. The magistrates' bench 
was ' large' enough to accommodate 
persons of respectability, besides the 
judges themselves. ER, CI. Cic. 

15. Camillus made this law, when he 
was dictator, during the siege of Veii. 
LU. Liv. v. Plut. PR. 

17. The whole of this is ironical. OW. 
u O nicely do Centurions shift the cause, 
When buff-and-belt men violate the 
laws ! And ample (if with reason we 
complain) Is, doubtless, the redress our 
injuries gain !" G. 

20. Tamen 1 to be sure,' ' by way of 
set-off against this strict impartiality of 
the judge.' 

21. i Their vengeance for your prose- 
cution of their comrade will be matter 
of serious concern, and will fall heavier 



on you than the original injury.' R. Or 
vindicta may be 1 the redress which he 
gets:' i. e. u The remedy is worse than 
the disease." M. 

23. Vagellius was an advocate of Mu- 
ti?ia, VS. the modern ' Modena;' PR. 
and ' a desperate ass.' ST A. cf. xiii. 119. 
R. His foolhardiness and obstinacy must 
have been shown, in undertaking causes 
which no man in his sober senses would 
have advocated. PR. 

24. 'It would be as well to reflect, 
before you go to that tribunal, how you 
are to effect a retreat. You now have 
such things as a pair of shins ; and you 
will then have to work your way out 
through' LU. u a countless host of hob- 
nailed shoes." G. 

25. ' Who is such an ignoramus or 
greenhorn ? Who has seen so little of the 
world?' LU. or ' Who can afford the 
time to leave Rome and go down to the 
camp?' R. It may be the excuse of 
some friend who is applied to; 28. 

26. i So faithful as to put his life in 
jeopardy for your sake, which Pylades 
did for Orestes.' LI. Eur. I. T. PR. and 
Or. 

28. Excusaturos: cf. Hor. I S. ix. 
38 sqq. 

29. 1 But even supposing you could 
so far prevail on a friend as to go with 
you : yet, when it comes to the point, 



SAT. XVI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



367 



30 Nescio quis, pugnos qui vidit, dicere " Vidi ;" 
Et credam dignum barba dignumque capillis 
Majorum. Citius falsum producere testem 
Contra paganum possis, quam vera loquentem 
Contra fortunam armati contraque pudorem. 

35 Praemia nunc alia atque alia emolumenta notemus 
Sacramentorum. Convallem ruris aviti 
Improbus aut campum mihi si vicinus ademit 
Et sacrum effbdit medio de limite saxum. 



and the judge calls upon you to produce 
your evidence, is there a man breathing, 
who would have the courage and the 
honesty to tell the dangeixms truth ?' M. 

30. Vidi; vii. 13. R. 

31. This is a description of i a Roman 
of the old school.' VS. iv. 103, vi. 105, 
notes. R. 

34. ' The property and privileges and 
the honour.' R. 

36. ' Military oaths' are here put for 
4 the soldiers' themselves. By this oath 
the soldiers swore to he true and faithful 
to their country, to the emperor, and to 
their general ; and not to quit their 
standards, without leave, till the expira- 
tion of their service. L U. M. 

1 A valley enclosed on all sides with 
hills.' M. 

38. In the infancy of agriculture, 
when artificialboundaries, hedges, walls, 
&c. were unknown, large stones, set up 
at certain distances, separated the lands 
of one proprietor from those of another. 
As these were easily displaced, it became 
necessary to secure them by extraordi- 
nary precaution. Dreadful threats were 
accordingly denounced against such as 
removed them, in the old world ; and 
" Cursed be he that removeth his neigh- 
bour's landmark" (Deut. xxvii. 17.) was 
probably found in the religious code of 
every nation. When men fell to idol- 
atry, such comminations lost tbeir terror, 
and legislators and priests were driven to 
other expedients. A god (Terminus) 
was created ; and these mere-stones were 
converted into altars to his name, and 
invested with a sacred character : it was 
consequently an act of sacrilege to stir 
them from their places ; and thus the 
divisions of land were in a great measure 
maintained. Of the innumerable super- 
stitions of ethnicism, this was at once the 
most elegant and the most useful ; it was 



also one of the most innocent : for the 
offerings, which were usually made by 
the rustics in procession, consisted of the 
produce of the soil, flowers, fruits, un- 
guents, and, the invariable concomitants 
of every sacrifice, wine and the salted 
cake. The fullest account of it is in 
Dionys. H. Siov; <rs yk(> Tiyovvrai rous 
Tsg/tAovus, <ixi Svovtriv uvroTs 'ift tuv f&ev 
ifA-^v^cdv oubiv ob yag ocriov cci/axTTStti <rov$ 
X'rfov;- <7fiXa.\ov$ ^ctjjT-gas, xeci cikhuz 
rivas xagTuv a^a^ds' ii. 9. This an- 
nual visitation, which was perpetuated, 
with the property itprotected, from father 
to son, seems to have endeared the rite 
to the ancients ; who speak of it with a 
degree of tenderness and affection, which 
they do not always express for those of a 
more public and important nature : nam 
veneror, seu stipes habet desertus in agris, 
se%i vetus in trivio florea serta lapis: fyc. 
Tib. I. i. 11 sqq. (HY.) The institution 
is attributed to Numa, by Plutarch : the 
more probable fact is, that this prince 
brought to the rude and barbarous hordes, 
whom, happily for themselves, he was 
called to govern, the rites and ceremonies 
of a more refined and virtuous people. 
His denunciations against those who re- 
moved ' the sacred landmark' are even 
more severe than those of the Hebrew 
legislator : Qui terminum exarasit, ipsus 
et hovels sacrei sunto. The Fathers are 
much offended at this superstition, which 
continued to a late period, and was not 
given up without a struggle, as the hus- 
bandman persisted in connecting the idea 
of a prosperous year with the due ob- 
servance of his rural ceremonies. Their 
fulminations at length prevailed j and 
Prudentius, who witnessed the desecra- 
tion of these landmarks, observes with 
some degree of triumph over the super- 
stitious fears of the rustics, that sunshine 
and rain still visited the earth, which had 



368 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. XVI. 



Quod mea cum vetulo coluit puis annua libo ; 

40 Debitor aut sumtos pergit non reddere numos, 
Vana supervacui dicens chirographa ligni : 
Exspectandus erit, qui lites inchoet annus 
Totius populi : sed tunc quoque mille ferenda 
Tsedia, mille morae ; toties subsellia tantum 

45 Sternuntur, jam facundo ponente lacernas 
Csedicio et Fusco jam micturiente, parati 
Digredimur lentaque fori pugnamus arena. 
Ast illis, quos arma tegunt et balteus ambit, 
Quod placitum est ipsis, praestatur tempus agendi 

50 Nec res adteritur longo sufflamine litis. 
Solis praeterea testandi militibus jus 



yet lost nothing of its pristine fertility ! 
et lapis illic si stetit antiquus, quern cingere 
sueverat error fasciolis velga/line pulmone 
rigare, frangitur, et nullis violatur ter- 
minus extis; nec tauten idcirco minor est 
aut fructus agelli aut tempestatis dementia 
lata serena, temperat aut pluviis qui culta 
novalia vent us ; e. Sym. 1005. But in 
his time, and, indeed, long hefore, the 
simplicity of the ancient worship had 
been corrupted : spargitur et casa com- 
munis terminus agna ; nec queritur, lac- 
tens cum sibi porca datur; Ov. F. ii. 
640—684. (H. BU.) The blood of 
lambs and kids was mingled with the 
primitive fruits and flowers ; and, as 
property was secured by other means, its 
abolition was no less desirable than ex- 
pedient. G. LU. PR. M. cf. Festus on 
Terminus. Sic. Fl. de Term. Liv. i. 55. 
Lact. Inst. i. 20. Min. F. p. 15. (OU.) 
R. 

41. Cf. xiii. 137. SCH. 

42. ' I shall have to wait for months 
and months, before the multitudinous 
suits of the people come on, and mine 
among the rest.' dum comuntur, dum 
omantur, annus est; Ter. Heaut. II. 
ii. 11. cf. Suet. Vesp. 10. Plin. Ep. i. 18. 
vi. 33. R. Id. iv. 16. PR. 

45. Sternuntur may here signify the 
spreading of the judges' benches with 
cushions, &c. M. No business is done, 
because there is not a quorum. R. 

' Although the eloquent Csedicius has 
already laid aside his surtoutand appears 
in his gown to plead ; (Mart. VIII. 
xxviii. Plin. Ep. ii. 3. iv. 2.) and Fuscus 



has now taken the opportunity of stepping 
aside for a few minutes, because he will 
soon be called upon to speak and will 
not then be able to leave the court.' HK. 
cf. ix. 28 sq. Quint, xi. 3. lacernas for 
laccrnam is no uncommon enallage. jR. 

46. Cadicius is apparently a different 
person from the one mentioned in xiii. 
197. R. 

Fuscus (not the general, iv. 112.) but 
Aurelius Fuscus, a distinguished advo- 
cate of those days, who was both fond of 
the bottle himself and was kept in coun- 
tenance by his lady. xii. 45. Plin. Ep. 
vii. 9. Mart. VII. xxviii. LU. R. 

C. Titius, vir aitatis Luciliana, in wa- 
tioneqnalegemFanniamsuasit,describens 
homines prodigos in forum ad judicandum 
ebrios contmeantes, sic ait. . . ad comi- 
tium vadunt ne litem faciant suam. dum 
eunt, nidla est in angiporto amphora, 
(Lucr. iv. 1023.) quam non impleant, 
quippe qui vesicant plenam vini habeant. 
veniunt in comitinm tristes: jubent 
dicere ; quorum negotium est, narrant : 
Judex testes poscit ; ipsus it ntictum : ubi 
redit, ait se audisse omnia : tabidas poscit ; 
litems inspicit; vix prai vino sustinet 
palpebras;" Macr. iii. 16. LU. PR. 
The same cause would produce the 
same effect in the advocate as in the 
judge. R. 

47. A metaphor from the amphitheatre. 
LU. ii. 144. M. 

50. " Nor are their wealth and pati- 
ence worn away By the slow drag-chain 
of the law's delay." G. viii. 148. PR. 

51. Militibus I iberam testandi /actionem 



SAT. XVI. 



OF JUVENAL. 



369 



Vivo patre datur : nam, quae sunt parta labore 

Militise, placuit non esse in corpore census, 

Omne tenet cujus regimen pater. Ergo Coranum, 
55 Signorum comitem castrorumque sera merentem, 

Quamvis jam tremulus, captat pater. Hunc labor aequus 

Provehit et pulcro reddit sua dona labori. 

Ipsius certe ducis hoc referre videtur, 

Ut, qui fortis erit, sit felicissimus idem, 
60 Ut lseti phaleris omnes et torquibus omnes — — 

^ ^ ^ tJp 



prim us quidem D. Julius Ccesar concessit; 
sed ea concessio temporalis erat : postea 
veroD. Titus dedit: post hoc Domitianus : 
postea D. Nerva plenissimam indulgen- 
tiam in milites contulit : eamque et Traja- 
mes secidus est; Ulp. 23. §. 10. exinde 
mandatis inseri capit caput tale; cum in 
notitiam meam pervenerit. . .simplicitati 
eorum consulendum existimavi, id quoquo 
modo testati fuissent, rata esset eorum 
voluntas, faciant igitur testamenia quo- 
modo voleni, faciant quomodo potcrin ; 
sufficiatque ad bonorum suarum divisionem 
faciendam nuda voluntas testatoris; ib. 
PR. This privilege, however, only ap- 
plied to the savings of their pay, and 
their other military earnings ; peculium 
. castrense. VS. M. The object of this 
enactment was obviously to conciliate 
the soldiery, the attachment of whom 
was now become of importance to the 
ambitious chiefs who contended for the 
empire. By the old constitution of the 
republic, the power of a father over a son 
was unbounded ; it extended both to his 
property and to his person, and termi- 
nated only with the death of one of the 
parties. We do not find many instances 
of the abuse of this power. Natural af- 
fection is an excellent corrective to the 
anomalies of tyranny. GR. 

53. ' Incorporated with the private 
fortune.' M. 

54. Coranus, in all probability, was a 
soldier of fortune well known at that 
time; LIT. not the wealthy individual 
whom Horace mentions 5 II S. v. 57. 
64. PR. 

56. The arts of common fortune-hun- 
ters have been already satirized : xii. 
93 sqq. R. but there is something 
ludicrous, amid the disgusting picture of 
avaricious depravitv,in matins? a father, 

3 



tottering on the verge of the grave, pay 
servile court to a son, in the full vigour 
of life, in hopes to be named his heir ! 
G. At the same time we must recollect 
that this son was in the army, and con- 
sequently that his life was of a very 
precarious tenure. It was customary 
for a soldier, when going into battle, 
to name an heir in the presence of 
three or four witnesses, and if he fell, the 
law recognized this verbal declaration 
as a valid will. A. 

57. To say labor reddit sua dona 
labori is surely a very awkward ex- 
pression and not very intelligible : 
and, from what follows, the promotion 
is to be attributed to the discernment 
of the general. Labor is probably 
owing to the eye of the copyist catching 
the last word in this next line : the 
word has also occurred just before, v. 
52. Read therefore favor. R. HG. 

58. Cf. x. 141 sq. M. 

60. Romani auxiliares et externos tor- 
quibus aureis donavere, at cives nonnisi 
argenteis; Plin. xxxiii. 2. It is re- 
corded, Lucium Sicinium De?datum, ob 
eximiam virtutem appellatum Achillem 
Romanian, pugnasse in hostes centum et 
viginti pro2liis : cicatricem aversam nul- 
lam, adversas quinque et quadraginta 
tulisse: coronis esse donation aureis octo y 
obsidionali una, muralibus tribus, civicis 
quatuordecim; torquibus tribus et octo- 
ginta : armillis plus centum et sexaginta; 
hastis duodeviginti, phaleris item dona- 
tum quinquies viciesque : populi militaria 
dona habuisse multijuga, in his provoca- 
toria pleraque : denique triumphasse cum 
imperatoribus suis triumphos novem ; 
Gell. ii. 11. PR. cf. xi. 103. Sil. xv. 
254 sqq. LI, Mil. Kom. v. 17. R. 

B 



THE SIX SATIRES 

OF 

AULUS PERSIUS FLACCUS. 



PROLOGUE TO THE SATIRES. 



ARGUMENT. 

In this little poem, though irrelevant to the main objects of the work to 
which it serves as an introduction, there is much pleasantry and spirit. 
Persius however had little notion of what we call keeping* : and the 
village bard, 6. diffident of his own talents, and driven by necessity 
alone to the exercise of them, 8 sqq. is no sooner fairly embarked, than 
he launches out into a critical examination of the literary pretensions of 
his contemporaries, S. i. and assumes a decisive tone upon all the subtle 
disquisitions of the schools. S. iii. and v. G. 

The practice of prefixing to a poem, or collection of poems, shorter pieces 
in a different metre became more common afterwards, with Claudian in 
particular. K. In our own times we have very felicitous instances of 
it in Sir Walter Scott's Lay of the Last Minstrel. 

* Among the liberties, which the Old Comedy allowed itself, one was the little 
regard it paid to consistency of character. WIE. 



374 PROLOGUE TO THE SATIRES 



Nec fonte labra prolui caballino 
Nec in bicipiti somniasse Parnasso 
Memini, ut repente sic poeta prodirem. 
Heliconidasque pallidamque Pirenen 
Illis remitto, quorum imagines lambunt 



1. 1 The hackney spring :' a sarcastic 
version of l-r^ox^vu , CAS. T. though not 
necessarily so ; cf. Juv. x. 6. Aus. Ep. 
iv. 8. (it is most probable that in this 
elegant little piece of irony, a constant 
allusion is maintained to the trite follies 
of our poet's immediate contemporaries. 
G.) humor Bellerophontei equi\ Prop. III. 

11. 2. K. Kespecting this spring, see 
Ov. F. iii. 450 sqq. M. v. 256-268. Stat. 
Th. vi. 338. Arat. Ph. 205 sqq. Plin. iv. 
7. It was in Mount Helicon, v. 4. and 
sacred to Apollo and the Muses. LU. 
Those who drank of it were fabled to 
become poets forthwith. PR. cf. Virg. 
M. vii. 641. x. 163. M. The first trace 
of this notion appears to be in Mosch. 
Id. iii. 77 sq. Propertius has refined 
upon the idea ; II. viii. 19 sqq. cf. Hor. 
I Ep. iii. 10. Stat. S. I. ii. 6. II. vii. 

12. V. v. 2. I. iv. 25. BRU, An. t. ii. 
p. 344. t. i. p. 218. K. 

Proluere labra is ' to dip the lips,' PR. 
as cattle do when they drink, cf. Prop. 
III. ii. 52. Stat. S. V. iii. 122. It is 
sometimes said of those who drink deep : 
Virg. iE.i. 738. Cop. 29. Hor. I Sat. v. 
16. This the poetasters of our author's 
day pretended to have done at the in- 
spiring fount. Mart. VIII. lxx. 3. Stat. 
S. II. vii. 12. Hence the Muses are 
called mad idee potata ab Hippocrene ; 
Sidon. ix. 285. K. cf. Ov. Am. I. xv. 
35 sq. 

Sidonius has imitated this passage : 
non hie ego comment itiam Topsichoren 
more studii veteris adscivi : necjuxta sca- 
turiginem font is Aganippici per roscidas 
ripas et pumices ?)>j(scidos stytum traxi : 
4r. Ep. viii. vlt. (9 sqq.) PR. 

2. Parnassus had two peaks, Tithorea 
and Hyampeum ; (or Nauplia and Hy- 
ampea ; cf. Her. viii. 32, note 19.) FA. 
cf. vi. 10 sq, note. PR. Ov. M. i. 
316 sqq. Luc. v. 71 sqq. Sen. CEd. 227. 
K. 

Those who slept in a consecrated spot 
were supposed to receive aid from the 
presiding divinity : Virg. JE. vii. 86 sqq. 



Ov. Her. xv. 157 sqq. Arist. PI. 411. 
679 sqq. K. 

3. As if he could have forgotten such 
an event ! K. 

"A<p>u <piXoffo<fios fifAivtTaviX^Xvhv' Epict. 
22. K. To come forth as Phcebus from the 
ocean ; CAS. or a chick from the shell ; 
or a pitcher from the potter's hands : cur- 
rente rota urceus exit ; Hor. A. P. 22. 

4. The Muses are called ' nymphs of 
Helicon,' from a mountain of Bceotia on 
the confines of Phocis. LU. CAS. 

Pirene was a fountain in Acrocorin- 
thus, the citadel of Corinth, and was 
likewise sacred to the Muses. LU. CAS. 
Diod. iv. 74. Paus. Cor. ii. 3. Strab. p. 
582. Pind. 01. xiii. 84 sqq. Ov. Pont. I. 
iii. 75. Stat. S. I. iv. 15. trepvov ifta^ Ylu- 
tfvns' Eur. M. 69. cf. Tr. 207. It was 
here that Pegasus was caught by Belle- 
rophon, and hence that he is called Ila- 
£*ivx7os vruXos' Eur. El. 475. vatum con- 
sents amniSj Gorgoneo percussus equo ; 
Stat. Th. iv. 60 sqq. K. 

The epithet ' pale' refers most probably 
to the wan hue, by which the votaries 
of the Muses were distinguished. LU. 
CAS. v. 62. PR. i. 124. M. 

5. ' To Hesiod, Ennius, and the an- 
cient poets.' LU. The following imita- 
tion, which is taken from Hall's open- 
ingpoem, has great beauty Trumpets, 
and reeds, and socks, and buskins fine, 
I them bequeath ; whose statues, wan- 
dring twine Of ivy, mixt with bayes, 
circlen around, Their living temples 
likewise laurel-bound. ; ' G. 

Under the emperors, the busts of emi- 
nent poets or literary men, crowned with 
bay or ivy, were used to ornament public 
or private libraries. Hor. I S. iv. 21 sqq. 
Sen. de Tr. An. 9. Plin. xxxv. 2. Suet. 
Tib. 70. Juv. vii. 29. Plin. Ep. iv. 18. 
x. 25. K. Sometimes their chaplets 
were of oak, or of parsley. LU. 

The ivy twines like a serpent, and 
seems to lick with a forky tongue the 
objects round which it clings. LU. 
Virg. ;Eii. ii. 684. K. 



OF PERSIUS. 



375 



Hederse sequaces : ipse semipaganus 
Ad sacra vatum carmen affero nostrum. 
Quis expedivit psittaco suum XAIPE, 
Picasque docuit nostra verba conari ? 
1 Magister artis ingenique largitor 
Venter, negatas artifex sequi voces. 
Quod si dolosi spes refulserit nummi, 



6. Me doctorum h ederae prcemiafron- 
tium Dis miscent stiperis; Hor. I Od. i. 
29 sq. LU. Properly ' the ivy' was sa- 
cred to Bacchus, in whose train the 
Muses are often found. Aristoph. N. 
603. R. 1242. Prop. IV. vii. 75 sqq. 
Orph. Arg. 7 sqq. K. Her. viii. 32, 
note 19. 

Ivy clings and climbs, and may be 
said ' to follow' the form of that about 
which it spreads. Plin. Pan. 4. V. Flac. 
i. 124. cf. Petron. 83. K. 

4 Half a clown.' M. Paganus and Miles 
are opposed to each other. CAS. Juv. 
xiv. 154. xvi. 33. PR. Plin. Ep. x. 18. 
Veg. ii. 23. K. 

7. 1 1 add my uninitiated verse to the 
i nspir ed pr o ductions of the b ar ds . ' s a c r i 
v cites et divum euro, vocamur; Ov. Am. 
III. ix. 17. The works of eminent poets 
were deposited in the library consecrated 
to the Palatine Apollo : Hor. I Ep. iii. 
17. LU. Suet. Aug. 29. PR. Dio 
liii. pr. Ov. Tr. III. i. 59 sqq. Hor. I 
S. x. 38. II Ep. ii. 92. (BY.) Calp. Sic. 
157 sqq. LM. But without reference to 
this fact, poetry may be called sacred : 
Prop. III. i. 1. Ov. Pont. ii. x. 17 sqq. 
III. iv. 65 sqq. IV. viii. 81 sqq. K. 

8. This is by way of anticipation to 
the objection ; ' How can one write 
without divine inspiration?' He is here 
attacking others, as it were, in bis own 
person ; for Persius himself was a Roman 
knight, and died young and rich, leaving 
his preceptor a very handsome fortune. 
LU. 

4 Who is it that has removed all im- 
pediments in the parrot's speech?' LU. 
4 Who has made it so ready with its sa- 
lutation ?' M. humance solers imitator, 
psittace, lingxice; Stat. II S. iv. 16 sqq. 
Apul. ii. Plin. x. 42 sqq. L U. Mart.XI V. 
lxxiii. lxxvi. M. Petron. 28. Ov. Am. 
II. vi. 37 sqq. K. 

9. ( To attempt" applies to efforts which 



are at present unsuccessful, hasprimum 
audiet ptter, harum verba effingere imi- 
tando conabitur; Quint. I. i. K. 

10. ' Hunger does wonders ; and mer- 
cenary motives are quite as inspiring, as 
drinking the waters at Helicon, or bivou- 
acquing for the night on Parnassus.' K. 
" Necessity is the mother of invention." 
Paupertas impulit audaoc, ut versus face- 
rem; Hor. II Ep. ii. 52 sq. FA. Agree- 
ably to the proverbs : multa docet fames : 
and ToXXtuv o \i(£0$ y'tyviTai ^dfxctXes' 
PR. Juv. iii. 78. K. Jonson alludes to 
this and a subsequent passage, in The 
Poetaster : " They would think it 
strange, now A man should take but 
colt's-foot for one day, And between 
whiles, spit out a better poem Than e'er 
the master of arts, or giver of wit, Their 
Belly, made. — Yet, this is possible !" 
BW. Compare Arist. PI. 467—594. 

Under the name of ' Genius' may be 
included the intellectual virtues in ge- 
neral. Cic. de Fin. v. CAS. It applies 
to poetical talent in particular: Ov. A. 
A. iii. 57. R. 

11. 1 Cunning to follow.' LU. A. 
Grecism : 1 an expert artist in teaching 
them to express.' K. 

1 Denied by nature.' SCH. 

12. ' Money' is called 1 deceitful,' from 
the many wiles and frauds which it leads 
men to practise : quid non mortalia pec- 
tora cogis, auri sacra fames ! Virg. iE. 
iii. 56 sq. LU. or from its decoying men 
into undertakings for which they are 
disqualified. K. 

1 Shall have shone forth suddenly and 
unexpectedly.' Previously, however 
they might have wished for money, 
they could not have hoped for it. CAS. 
The metaphor is taken either from the 
gleaming of gold and silver ; Virg. JE. 
vi. 204. V. Paterc. ii. 103. or from the 
appearance of a propitious star ; Hor. 
I Od. xii. 27 sqq. K. 



376 



PROLOGUE, &c. 



Corvos poetas et poetrias picas 
Cantare credas Pegaseium nectar. 



13. ' Ravens turning poets, and mag- 
pies becoming poetesses.' LU. 

14. ' Pegaseian,' see note on 1. ' Such 
as would be composed by one who had 
drunk of Hippocrene ;' PR. or ' As 
sweet as the vaunted streams of that 
fountain.' R. 

1 Nectar cf. B. on Calp. Sic. iv. 
151. Poets called their own lays 
' nectar :' Pind. 01. vii. 12 sqq. Theocr. 
Id. vii. 82. See Horn. II. A 249. hVvs 



2/u,figo$ 'EXiKcovfio; hothris' Nest. Lar. Ep. 
i. An. Br. t. ii. p. 344. Ov. Pont. III. 
iv. 55. Martial perhaps was imitating 
this passage, where he says, post hos 
honoratiorfontigenarum virginum chorus 
Peg a sea e vocis ncctare d'ffluebat; ix. 
VO. viKrxgeui "kifio&t; Hviyoiffihot xgwys' 
Honest. Ep. 3. in. Br. An. t. ii. p. 289. 
A*. On the mixture of metaphors see 
note on pallentes; v. 15. [Livy xxvii, 
20, 7. ED.] 



SATIRE I. 



ARGUMENT. 

The Poet commences, as if he intended a tritical moral essay: 1. and, 
when discouraged by a friend from his design of assuming the censor, 
2 sqq. he proceeds, in bold defiance of public opinion, to a spirited ex- 
posure of the wretched taste of the times. 4 sqq. 

He repeatedly disclaims all intention of writing for popularity or effect, 
4 sqq. 26 sq. 44 sqq. and expresses supreme contempt of that mania for 
public recitation, which had already excited the ridicule of Horace, and 
which, not long after this, provoked the spleen of Juvenal. 14 sq. An 
amusing picture is drawn of one of those hoary versifiers, who pander 
to the passions of their auditory by grossly luscious strains. 13 sqq. 
After which we are introduced to a younger set, whose sickly appetite 
cloys itself with the mawkish sweets of softly sentimental lays. 30 sqq. 

The cause of this depravation of taste is ingeniously traced to the pedantic 
nature of the schools, 69 — 82. fostered by the interested and ignorant 
admiration of sycophants and dependents ; 48 — 56. 63 — 68. men, who 
are the very first to ridicule their dupe behind his back. 56 — 62. 

The Satirist then makes a digression to the bar, of which the language was 
grossly vitiated by a meretricious glare of elocution, and an affected 
display of rhetorical subtleties : 83 — 91. returning to the poets, he 
parodies and ridicules the favourites of fashion ; 92 — 106. this excites the 
alarm of his friend, and draws forth some cautious advice, 107 — 110. 
which, as generally happens, only serves to render the writer more 
daring, and to give a spirited conclusion to the Satire. Ill — 134. 

To the contemporaries of Persius, this must have been a very amusing 
performance; but to us, who are ignorant of the true nature of his 
parodies, and who cannot, in a single instance, appropriate them with 
certainty, it has lost much of its pleasantry. Enough, however, remains 
to give a most favourable impression of the youthful critic's humour and 
good sense. G. K. 



378 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. I. 



O curas hominum ! o quantum est in rebus inane ! 
" Quis leget hsec ?" Min tu istud ais ? Nemo hercule. 
" Nemo?" 

Vel duo, vel nemo. " Turpe et miserabile." Quare ? 
Ne mihi Polydamas et Troiades Labeonem 
5 Prsetulerint ? Nugae ! Non, si quid turbida Roma 
Elevet, accedas examenque improbum in ilia 
Castiges trutina, nec te quaesiveris extra. 



1. Ecclesiastes i. 2—14. M. 
"Otrov to x$vov ! VS. 

2. This verse is from Lucilius. VS. 
The words of some critical friend, who, 
aware that Persius has serious intentions 
of publishing a satire, throws cold water 
upon his design. K. 

Among the Romans it was usual for 
men to swear by Hercules and women 
by Castor. Gell. xi. 6. cf. Juv. ii. 98. 
PR. 

3. 1 But two or three, if any.' ' It 
will be a disgrace, and a thousand 
pities !' CAS. 

' Why so ? I do not write ad cap- 
tandum vulgus: K. therefore your pity 
is quite thrown away.' 

4. ' Shall I fear K. sinking below 
Labeo in the estimation of the prince and 
the people : as Hector feared lest Poly- 
damas and the Trojans should think dis- 
paragingly of him ?' TIouXvSccfAas y.ot 
vrgctiro; \\iyx_zi7iv u.va.6ri<Tii' — ccfi'softxi l^u- 
cti xui T(>uaSa.s tXx.KTi'Tl'ZXov;' Horn. 

II. X. 100. 105. This appears to have 
become in a manner proverbial, cf. 
Cic. to Att. ii. 5. vii. 1. PR. Poly- 
damas was the son of Antenor. Under 
this name Nero is perhaps designated : 
LU. as he affected to be greatly in- 
terested in all that concerned Troy. 
PR. By the words 1 Trojan dames' 
the satirist lashes, at once, the vanity 
of his countrymen in tracing their 
origin to the Trojans, and their de- 
generate effeminacy. FA. CAS. Juv. 
i. 100. K. 

Accius Labeo was a poet who wasted 
his time in translating the Iliad and 
Odyssey into Latin, word for word. The 
following may serve as a sample of his 
version : crudam manduces Priamum 
Priamique pisinnos. VS. See 50. K. 

5. Turbida ' too busy to attend to such 
matters:' Virg. M. ix.57. Lucian Nigr. 



K. 1 The muddy citizens,' M. an equi- 
voque. 

6. < Make light of.' FA. 

' You should not join them in so 
doing.' FA. 

Lanoc 1 the scale,' libra 1 the beam,' 
examen 1 the tongue,' trutina c the cavity 
in which it plays.' HO. This is one of 
those technical illustrations, in which the 
Stoics so much delighted : and means 
either (1) to correct the errors of an 
apothecary's or goldsmith's balance by a 
common pair of scales, such as are used 
in weighing bulky commodities. Cicero, 
in speaking of subjects suited to popular 
and philosphical discussion, uses a simi- 
lar metaphor : hac nostra oratio multitu- 
dini est accommodanda, ad oblectandos 
amnios, ad impellendos, ad ea probanda, 
quce non aurificis stater a, sed quadam 
populari trutina examinantur : Or. 
ii. G. or, (2) Supposing a balance to be 
perfect in all other respects, its tongue, 
if it be not at right angles to the beam, 
will not tally (when the scales are in 
equilibrium) with the cheeks of the oblong 
aperture through which it oscillates. In 
such a case, restore the tongue to its per- 
pendicular, and all will be right. But 
when (in addition to this fault in the 
tongue) the balance itself is inaccurate, 
it is of no use whatever to set the tongue 
straight, the scales will still be false. 
Examen is used for the tongue of the 
apothecary's balance (or statera) in v. 
100 sq. see note. 

7. ' Judge for yourself :' PR. yvufa 
fficcurov atque aliis de te, quarn tu tibi, 
credere noli; Hor. LU. Those who are 
ambitious of praise or popularity are 
but too apt too regulate their actions by 
the caprices of those whom they study 
to please, rather than by the criterion 
of right and wrong. CAS. cf. Juv. xi. 
27, note. JEsch. P. V. 317. (BG.) 



SAT. I. 



OF PERSIUS. 



379 



Nam Romae quis non ? Ah, si fas dicere ! sed fas 

Tunc quum ad canitiem et nostrum istud vivere triste 
10 Adspexi ac nucibus facimus quaecumque relictis, 

Quum sapimus patruos : tunc, tunc ignoscite. " Nolo. 

Quid faciam ? Sed sum petulanti splene cachinno. 
Scribimus inclusi, numeros ille, hie pede liber, 

Grande aliquid, quod pulmo animae prselargus anhelet. 
15 Scilicet haec populo pexusque togaque recenti 



8. i Who judges fairly and without 
prejudice ?' ob hanc rem, quod sunt quos 
genus Iwc minime Juvat, utpote plures 
culpari dignos; Hor. I S. iv.23 sqq. K. 
But cf. v. 121. 

9. Here Persius endeavours to mis- 
lead enquirers as to the real author of 
the Satire, hy assuming the character 
of a man advanced in years. G. K. 

That the writings of Persius were po- 
pular and soon considered as standard 
works is evident from the fact of Quinti- 
lian quoting this passage as an example 
of partium mutatio: idinsatira "nostrum 
istud vivere triste ," cum infinitivo verbo 
sit tmis pro appellatione ', nostram enim 
vitam vult intelligi. G. vi. 38. 

10. < Nuts.' cf. Cat. xiv. 183 sqq. 
Phsedr. III. xiv. Mart. V. lxxxvi. I. 
Petr. 81. K. Juv. v. 144, note. 

11. Patruus censor; Cic. Cal. VS. 
ne sis patruus mihi ; Hor. II S. iii. 
88. FA. ib. ii. 97. Ill Od. xii. 3. BX. 
patruus was a term, which conveyed 
an idea of harshness, prohably from ' the 
paternal uncle' being the natural guar- 
dian of orphans ; who would experience 
less tenderness from him, than from a 
father. M. The uncle by the mother's 
side, having nothing to do with the ma- 
nagement of the children, would treat 
them with more indulgence, or, at any 
rate, wouldnotbe called upon to exercise 
any severity towards them ; hence avun- 
culus (the diminutive of avus, i. e. avus 
natu minor) would be a term of en- 
dearment. 

12. Physiologists attributed 1 laughter' 
to ' the spleen,' Arist. Th. 3. anger to 
the gall, Juv. v. 159. love to the liver, 
Theoc. xi. 6. xiii. 71. Claud, viii. 241 
sqq. wisdom to the heart, pride to the 
lungs, lust to the loins : v. 20. VS. K. 
" Spleen, too petulant to be controll'd." 
G. 4 It is. my nature.' CAS. 

Cachinno (cachinnonis) 1 a great laugh- 
er:' VS. i.e. ' satirical.' G. 



13. Scribimus indocti dociique 
poemata passim; Hor. II Ep. i. 
117, M. 

1 Shut up' in our studies : carmina 
secessum scribentis et otia qucenmt ; O v . 
Tr. I. i. 41. LU. Cic. de Or. iii. 5. Plin. 
Ep. v. 5. K. 

14. Petronius censured, in those who 
affected to be eloquent, rerum tumorem 
et sententiarum vanissimum strepitum ; 
1. LU. sublimes versus ructatur; Hor. 
A. P. 457. Arist. R. 860 sqq. pvpetret 

poruv -roXw vrovnv ib. 851 sqq. sunt qui 
crebro anhelitu et introrsum etiam clare 
sonante imitentur jumenta onere etjugo 
labor antia ; quod affectant quoque, tarn- 
quam inventionis copia urgeantur major- 
que vis cloquentice ingruat, quam quee 
faucibus emitti possit; Quint. Inst. xi. 
3. K. CAS. cf. Juv. vii. Ill, note. 

15. 1 To the people' equally deficient 
in taste and in common sense. LU. For 
an account of these rehearsals, see Juv. 
i. 1. iii. 9. vii. 38 sqq. Mart. III. xliv. 
IY. vi. X. lxx. Hor. I S. iii. 88 sqq. iv. 
74 sqq. cf. also Ov. Tr. III. xiv. 39. 
Pont. I. v. 57. IV. ii. 33. Plin. Ep. i. 
13. ii. 14. 19. vii. 17. viii. 12. 21. ix. 
27. Cic. Att- xii. 4. xv. 3. PR. K. 

The declaimer seems by his dress to 
anticipate a triumph. Both on public and 
on private solemnities it was customary 
to put on a gown fresh from the fuller's 
hands : cf. Mart. II. lviii. CAS. scilicet 
exspectas solitum tibi moris honor em, pen- 
cleat ex humeris vest is ut alba meis; Ov. 
Tr. III. xiii. 13 sq. M. The most so- 
lemn festival a Roman knew, was that 
of his birth : on the anniversary of that 
day they dressed themselves in all the 
magnificence which their circumstances 
allowed, and, after the customary sacri- 
fices, sat at home, in state, to receive 
their friends, none of whom came with- 
out a present in their hands. (Juv. xi. 
84. M. ix. 53, note.) The indignation of 



380 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. I. 



Et natalitia tandem cum sardonyche albus 
Sede legens celsa, liquido quum plasmate guttur 
Molle colluerit, patranti fractus ocello. 
Hie neque more probo videas nec voce serena 
20 Ingentes trepidare Titos, quum carmina lumbum 
Intrant et tremulo scalpuntur ubi intima versu. 
Tun, vetule, auriculis alienis colligis escas ? 
Auriculis, quibus et dicas cute perditus, ohe ! 



Persius is excited by this egregious cox- 
comb's putting on all the splendour of a 
hi^h festival on the simple occasion of 
reciting a paltry poem. G. Thus Lucian 
describes a dandy rhetorician, tricked 
nut for the approbation of his auditors, 
as irdvffoQov t<v«, xa) rayxaXov «v^a, o^ia, 

ffiffOtXiVfZiVOV TO P>CihliT(/.U. , I TlXtxXafffJLiVOV TO 

uv^iva, yuvouxiTov to fcXiftf/.a. , (/.iXi^^ov to 
(pojvrif&u,, fAvgav ciiroTrvlovTcf k. t- X. Rh. 

pr. t. iii. p. 11. K. Compare Hotspur's 
description of the foppish lordling ; K. 
H. iv. pt. i. A. I. sc. iii. 

16. This valuable ring was one of these 
birth-day presents, and always worn on 
the return of that dav. VS. Juv. vii. 142 
sq. M. Plaut. CurcV. ii. 56. On the 
abuse of this custom of wearing rings : 
cf. Isid. xix. 32. Juv. i. 27 sqq. vi.381, 
note. Petr. 55. Mart. V. xi. 1. Il.xxix. 
V. ix. The following is among the di- 
rections given to an orator; manusnon im- 
plcatur annul is, prcecipue mec/ios articulos 
non transeuntibus; Quint. Inst. xi. 3. K. 

Albus from his dress. VS. cf. Mart. I. 
hi 14. IV. xli. VI. xli. X. lxii. 6. Sen. 
Ep. 114. Gell. xi. 9. PR. K. 

17. ' After he has rinsed his throat 
with a gargle.' According to Synesius 
a footman stood by the reciter with some 
emollients in a cup or phial, to which 
his master applied, every now and then, 
to clear his voice, nec in tragcedorum 
modum guttur et fauces dulci medicamine 
colliniendcB, id in ccclesia tfieatrales mo- 
duli audiantur et cantica; S. Hier. ad 
Eph. v. CAS. 

18. ' Effeminately, CAS. and with las- 
civious eye half-closed ;' therefore called 
ocellus. VS. LU. cf. Juv.ii. 94, last note. 

19. Neque probo 1 wanton.' LU. Sen. 
Ep. 52. Plin. Ep. ii. 14. 12. K. 

Nec serena ' not calm, but agitated 
with passion.' M. 

20. Hence it appears that the auditory 
consisted of the chief nobility. Titos 
may be put for Titienses, as Rhamnes 



for Rhamnenses; Hor. A. P. 342. Ov. 
F. iii. 132. H. [Rhenos for Rhenenses; 
vi. 47.] They were named after Titus 
Tatius, the king of the Sabines and col- 
league of Romulus. PR. 

Trepidare ' to be in ecstasies.' saliet, 
tundet pede terram ; Hor. A. P. 430. PR. 

Lumbum. r> Ti offQu; h(M* vygas Itiki- 
yiiTai- Luc. As. Aur. 6. t. ii. principio 
tremulis gannitibus aera pulsat, verbaque 
lascivos meretricum imitantia cactus vibrat y 
et obscama numeros prwiginis implet; 
Aus. Ep. cviii. 4 sqq. pnvov ov xiXnfa rhv 
Iv oo-^nffn o~ia.foai)i ru. Toin,uara, TagxxctXtTv 
xa) ru xa) ru to'Ss, paXXov oA«v 

uffvig Tiff) p,rn>tv6oii, iXxtTv ro* ffu/^a toTs 
p'iXiffi xa.) ivnivtiv, tovtuv Vt Xiyoftivu* 
xa) ao'o/u.tvtov, hffvfclav etyuv p.h 0^vvap.'ivon' 

Plut. Symp. xi. 15. cf. Juv. vi. 314. 
K. 

21. Tremulo. cf.Hor. IV Od. xiii. 5. 
Petr. 70. Mart. I. xxxvi. K. 

" As the luscious line Thrills through 
the marrow." G. scalpuntur 1 are 
tickled.' quid aures meas scalpis? 
quid oblectus f Sen. Ep. 75. K. 

22. Vetulus is always used in a bad 
sense. LU. Plaut. Epid. II. ii. 4. Arist. 
N. 789. A". 

Escus. xa.) iffriwffiv iZ (juttXa. rat uxodf" 
JEL V. H. iii. 1. K. 1 Dost thou, thou 
hoary pander, cater for the itching ears 

of others ?' 

23. " All' orecchie di tai, ch'uopo t'e 
loro, Benche sfrentato, gridar — basta !" 
STE. importunus amat laudari f donee 
ohe ! jam ad coelum manibus sublatis 
dijeerit, urge; etcrescentem tumidisinfla 
sermonibus utrem; Hor. II S. v. 96 sqq. 
PR. ohe ! jam satis est; Id. I S. v. 12 
sq. M. 

' Even thy cheek and brow, bronzed 
as they are, tingle with shame.' G. or 
' Bloated, like one swollen with the 
dropsy.' Lucilius calls ( vanity,' aquam 
in animo intercutem; xxviii. p. 407. cf. 
Sid. Ap. ix. 9. CAS, Arist. Eth. iv. 9. 



SAT. I. 



OF PERSIUS. 



381 



" Quo didicisse, nisi hoc fermentum et quae semel intus 
25 Innata est, rupto jecore exierit caprificus?" 

En pallor seniumque ! o mores ! Usque adeone 
Scire tuum nihil est, nisi te scire hoc sciat alter ? 
" At pulchrum est digito monstrari, et dicier, hic est ! 
Ten cirratorum centum dictata fuisse 
30 Pro nihilo pendas ?" Ecce inter pocula quaerunt 
Romulidae saturi, quid dia poemata narrent. 
Hic aliquis, cui circum humeros hyacinthina logna est, 
Rancidulum quiddam balba de nare locutus, 
Phyllidas, Hypsipylas, vatum et plorabile si quid, 
35 Eliquat ac tenero supplantat verba palato. 



01 Tl <7t^ie$V7lg0l XXI TXgt]X/L&XX0Ti; xvx'i- 

ff^vvroi fixXXov n ulff^uvrnXo't' Id. Rh. 
II. XV. 

24. The apologist first tries the meta- 
phor of ' leaven,' (Juv. iii. 188.) but, 
finding this an awkward one, as it might 
be readily compared to the vanity which 
was working and swelling within him, he 
abruptly leaves it for the still more un- 
lucky one of ' the wild fig-tree ;' (Juv. 
x. 145, note.) for after this had burst to 
light, the question of quo (Juv. viii. 9, 
note didicisse ' What are the fruits ?' 
would still recur. LU. CAS. PR. 

25. By jumbling these incongruous 
metaphors, the Satirist may also intend 
to parody and ridicule the style of these 
conceited poetasters. LU. 

26. ' Worthy fruits indeed of such in- 
tense studies, (Juv. vii. 97, note, M.) and 
such advanced years.' CAS. cf. Hor. I 
Ep. xviii. 47. II Ep. ii. 82 sqq. E. v. 
124. iii. 85. v. 62. 

temporal o mores! Cic. Cat. i. 1. M. 

27. This is taken from Lucilius : VS. 
id me nolo scire mihi cujus sum consciu' 
solus; ne damnum faciam scire est nescire, 
nisi id me scire alius scierit. MAR. 
Spectator, No. 3/9. 

28. Monstror digito prcetereuntium 
Romance fidicen lyrce; Hor. IV Od. iii. 
22 sq. Cicero finds fault with Demos- 
thenes for being pleased at hearing a poor 
woman whisper to her neighbour, ovros 
UiTm ! T. Q. v. 36. VS. Luc. Som. t. 
i. e. 2. cf. Ov. Am. III. i. 17 sqq. E. 
Pliny thinks there was no great harm 
in this ; Ep. ix. 23, 5. GE. Certainly 
the censure comes with an ill grace 
from Cicero, cf. Juv. i. 161. 

29. 1 To be introduced as a class book 



into first-rate schools ; where you are 
read by the youth of quality,' " Brave 
lads with curled locks of gold." HO. cf. 
Juv. vii. 226. Mart. I. xxxv. cirrhata 
caterva magistri; IX. xxx. 7. K.. 

30. This custom is evident from Athe- 
neeus. Juv. vi. 434 sqq. It might serve 
well for entertainment's sake, but was of 
little use as far as intellectual improve- 
ment was concerned : discite, non inter 
lances mensasque nitentes, cum stupet in- 
sanis acies fulgoribus, et cum adclmis fal- 
sis atiimus meliora recusal; verum hic 
impransi mecum disquinte: Hor. II S. 
ii. 4 sqq. PR. Plin. Ep. I. xv. 2. IX. 
xxxvi. 4. K. 

31. Quid dia (Sulpicia 48) poemata 
narrent? (Plaut. Pers. IV. iii. 29.) 
may be considered as the question of 
one of these noblemen, therefore Persius 
is not chargeable with the inaccuracy in 
the use of this verb. El. 

Romulidce sarcastically, as Quirites, 
Juv. iii. 60. especially as Romulus was 
very abstemious ; Gell. xi. 14. PR. 

32. Tyrioque ardebat murice Icena de- 
missa ex humeris ; Virg. JE. iv. 262 sq. 
CAS. cf. Juv. vii. 136. iii. 283, notes. 
K. 

33. ' Snuffling through his nose some 
stale ditty.' Gr. 

34. Phyllis hung herself in a fit of im- 
patience at the long protracted absence 
of her husband, Demophoon. T. G. Ov. 
Her. ii. PR. 

Hypsipyle, after running through more 
love adventures than any lady of ro- 
mance, narrowly escaped the same or a 
worse catastrophe. Her faithless lover 
was Jason. T. G. Ov. Her. vi. PR. 

35. £ Filters,' LU. 1 melts,' CAS. < dis- 



382 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. I. 



Adsensere viri : nunc non cinis ille poetse 
Felix ? non levior cippus nunc imprimit ossa ? 
Laudant convivse : nunc non e Manibus illis, 
Nunc non e tumulo fortunataque favilla 

40 Nascentur violae ? " Rides" ait " et nimis uncis 
Naribus indulges. An erit, qui velle recuset 
Os populi meruisse ? et cedro digna locutus, 
Linquere nec scombros metuentia carmina nec thus ?" 
Quisquis es, o, modo quern ex adverso dicere feci, 

45 Non ego, quum scribo, si forte quid aptius exit — 
Quando haec rara avis est — si quid tamen aptius exit, 
Laudari metuam ; neque enim mihi cornea fibra est. 
Sed recti finemque extremumque esse recuso 



tils.' PR. " His dainty palate tripping 
forth his words." HO. " His refining 
throat Fritters, and melts, and minces 

every note." BW. " Slowly distils 

And trips up every word, with lisping 
tongue." G. cf. Ov. A. A. ii. 283 sqq. 
iii. 293 sqq. Mart. X. lxv. 10 sqq. K. 

36. ' The heroes hum assent' G. cf. 
Mart. I. iv. FA. Ov. M. ix. 259. xiv. 
592. Virg. M. ii. 130. K. 

Cinis, §c. cf- J uv « vu » 207 sq. Ov. 
Tr. III. iii. 76. Am. III. ix. 67. A. A. 

iii. 470. Prop. I. xvii. 24. K. 

37. Cippus 1 the marhle slab,' £ the 
grave-stone.' CAS. 

38. Laudant denotes more than as- 
sensere: and convivce implies that 1 they 
paid for their entertainment by their 
applause.' Mart. VI. xlviii. K. 

Manibus; v. 152. PR. < The re- 
mains.' sepulcra diruta ; nudati Manes; 
Liv. M. Plin. Ep. vii. 27, 11. Prop. II. 
x. 31. IV. v. 3. cf. Virg. JE. ii. 587. iii. 
39 sqq. Eur. Hec. 31 sqq. K. 

39. This line is spurious : SB. K. or 
rather it made a part of the Satire before 
it received the author's last polish. PV. 
PM. There is no reason to question its 
genuineness. WB. It is a climax in 
ridicule of the poetasters. CAS. DB. 
See note 1 on v. 31. 

40. ' You are too fond of sneering.' 
plerique solent naso suspendere adunco 
ignotos-, Hor. I S. vi. 5 sq. M. Mart. I. 

iv. 5 sq. Sidon. ix. 341 sqq. K. 

42. Volito vivus per or a virum; Enn. 
CAS. Her. iii. 157, note 17. What men 
talk much of, it is natural to suppose 
that they think much of; hence the 



Greek phrases t^uv or uvai h koyu ) 
and the like. 

Vitruvius (with whom Pliny agrees, 
xiii. 5.) tells us that books, rubbed with 
the oil or the juice of the cedar, were 
thereby preserved from moths and decay, 
ii. 9. Hor. A. P. 331 sq. PR. K. The 
ancients also kept their books in what we 
call pigeon-holes, as well as in chests ; 
Juv. iii. 206. For the more valuable 
part of the collection, these articles were 
made of cedar, or cypress, on account of 
the antiseptic quality of the wood. G. 

43. 1 And that are under no danger of 
lying in chandlers' shops to wrap spices 
and red herrings in.' DN. ne, una cum 
scriptore meo capsa porrectus aperta, de- 
ferar in vicum vendentem thus et odores et 
piper et quidquid chartis amicitur inept is; 
Hor. II Ep. i. 267 sqq. M. Cat. xcv. 8. 
Mart. III. ii. 3 sqq. IV. lxxxvii. 8. K. 

Scombros; Ath. vii. Plin. ix. 15. PR. 
Id. xxxi. 43. K. 

44. 4 To speak seriously then :' in 
reference to v. 40. LU. 

45. Exit: a metaphor from pottery ; 
Hor. A. P. 21 sq. K. pr. 3, note. 

46. Alluding to the Phoenix : FA. 
Plin. x. 2. Ov. M. xv. 37. PR. Luc. vi. 
680. (DCE.) K. Juv. vi. 165. M. Her. ii. 
73. Tac. An. ii. 28. S. Clem. Rom. 
1 Cor. xxv. 

Cf. 125. si quid est in me ingenii,Ju- 
dices; quodsentio quamsitexiguum; Cic. 
for Arch. 1. zinnia,- Arist. Eth. iv. 7 fin. 

47. ' Nor (though I am a Stoic, CAS.) 
are my heart-strings so callous.' 

48. ' I cannot allow praise to be the 
end and aim of all one's works and ac- 



SAT. I. 



OF PERSIUS. 



383 



Euge tuum et belle; nam belle hoc excute totum, 
50 Quid non intus habet ? non hie est Ilias Acci 
Ebria veratro ? non si qua elegidia crudi 
Dictarunt proceres ? non quidquid denique lectis 
Scribitur in citreis ? Calidum scis ponere sumen ; 
Scis comitem horridulum trita donare lacerna, 
55 Et " Verum" inquis "amo: verum mihi dicito de me !' : 
Qui pote ? vis dicam ? Nugaris, quura tibi, calve, 
Pinguis aqualiculus propenso sesquipede exstet. 
O Jane, a tergo quern nulla ciconia pinsit, 



tions:' LU. 2 h' ahrb fiovkoftsfa, ra aXXa. 
Ti o*ta. revTo- Arist. Eth. i. 2. init. 

49. Cf. 56, note. CAS. Petr. 40. K. 
Juv. vii. 44, note. M. 

1 Sift thoroughly.' M. 

50. ' And what trash and flummery 
do you not find it to consist of?' LU. 

Acci; v. 4. VS. 

51. ' Besotted with hellebore.' ebrius 
sermo; Sen. Ep. 19. 1 Labeo's " eye in a 
fine phrensy rolling" (Shaksp. M. N. D. 
V. i. 12.) is not lit by the fire of genius, 
but kindled by the stimulants of art. 
Unfortunately, too, the dose has been 
strong and the versifier's head very weak. 
He has not tasted the inspiring streams 
of Hippocrene, nor reached the heights 
of Helicon ; but, on his way to the spring, 
has chewed so freely of the hellebore, 
which grows on that mountain in pro- 
fusion, that his brain is quite muddled. 'cf. 
Plin. xxv. 5. G-ell. xvii. 15. PR. K. CAS. 

' Sonnets,' DN. 1 namby-pamby lays.' 

52. 1 Have dictated to their amanuen- 
sis.' K. 

Juv. vii. 105, note 2. LU. Gell. xix. 
10. Plin. Ep. iv. 14. PR. Prop. III. iv. 
14. (BU.) K. 

53. 1 You are noted for giving excel- 
lent hot suppers.' CAS. Juv. xi. 81, M. 
and 138. Petr. 30. cf. Hor. A. P. 422 
sqq. Mart. II. xxvii. III. 1. Petr. 10. 
137. Luc. Merc. Cond. t. i. p. 694. Juv. 
xiii. 32, note. K. Itambler No. 16. 

54. ' Shivering with the cold.' LU. 
Lacema; Juv. ix. 28, note. Prop. IV. 

iii. 18. (BU.) K. 

55. Ego verum amo : verum volo mihi 
dici: mendacem odi; Plaut. Most. I. iii. 
24. PR. Mart. VIII. lxxvi. K. 

56. Hoc fades , sive id non pote, sive 
pote; Cat. lxxvi. 16. si vero est unctum 
qui recte ponere possit,. . . mirabor si sciet 



inter noscere mendacem verumque beatus 
amicum. hi, seu dondris seu quid donare 
voles cui, nolito ad versus tibi f ados ducere 
plenum leetitice ; clamabitenim pulchre! 
bene ! recte ! fyc. Hor. A. P. 422 — 
433. PR. dicam, si potero. male verum 
examinat omnis corruptus judex ; Id. II 
S. ii. 8 sq. LU. 

" Thou triflest, bald-pate ass!" HO. 
4 Your attempting to write poetry is an 
utter waste of time and every thing else.' 
CAS. " Dotard ! this thriftless trade no 
more pursue : Your lines are bald and 
dropsical like you." G. nugaris seems a 
mild term for Persius to employ as con- 
veying his opinion ; it may therefore 
mean ' You are not serious in what you 
say.' K. 

Calve! The proverb says " There is 
no fool like an old fool." 

57. ' A paunch like a hog-trough struts 
with a projection of eighteen inches.' 
HO. fctfciiu yatrrh^ Xs«rr«v ah rixru loor 
VS. PR. cf. Sen. Ep. 90. K. 

58. Janus, fortunately for him, had a 
double face, and these eyes in his poll 
prevented him from being laughed at be- 
hind his back. LU. The Romans were 
great adepts in the various arts of con- 
tempt ; and their descendants, the modern 
Italians, have inherited no small portion 
of their ingenuity. They will frequently 
follow an unfortunate wight occipiti cceco, 
and ridicule him with the most expressive 
and ludicrous signs. ' The ass's ears' 
and ' the stork's bill' are still the popular 
modes of scoffing: these, the suppleness 
of their fingers enables them to imitate 
with great success ; but the manner of 
it must be seen to be fully understood. 
The following is an evident imitation of 
this passage : ne credos laudatoribus tuis : 
imo irrisoribus aurem ne libenter accom- 



384 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. 1. 



Nec manus, auriculas imitari mobilis albas, 
60 Nec linguae, quantum sitiat canis Appula, tantum ! 
Vos, o patricius sanguis, quos vivere fas est 
Occipiti caeco, posticae occurrite sannae. — 

" Quis populi sermo est ?" Quis enim ? nisi carmina 
molli 

Nunc demum numero fluere, ut per leve severos 
65 Effundat junctura ungues ; scit tendere versum 
Non secus, ac si oculo rubricam dirigat uno. 
Sive opus in mores, in luxum, in prandia regum 
Dicere, res grandes nostro dat Musa poetae. 
Ecce modo heroas sensus afferre videmus 



?nodes, qui cum te adalationibus suis 
foverint, sisubito respexeris; aid ciconia- 
rum deprehendes post te colla curvari; ant 
manu auriculas agitari asini, aid oestu- 
antis canis protend i Unguam ; S. Hier. to 
Rust. Id. pr. in Sophon. Macr. S. i. 9. 
PR. G. VS. cf. Ov. F. i. 65 sq. K. ib. vi. 
123. Spectator, No. 354. Isaiah lviii. 9. 

59. The inside of an ass's ears are 
1 white.' LU. 

60. Cf. Isaiah lvii. 4. 

Apulia was a parched and sultry dis- 
trict: siticuhsa Apidia ; Hor. Ep. iii. 16. 
CAS. Juv. iv. 27. note. 

61. Vos, o Pompilius sanguis; Hor. A. 
P. 291 sq. PR. 

' Whose destiny it is.' K. 

62. 1 Let me recommend to your lord- 
ships, who are not blessed with eyes in 
the poll, to find a method of preventing 
those scoffs and sneers that are made be- 
hind your back,' DN. 1 by dropping all 
pretensions to shine as authors.' PR. 

63. Continued from v. 55. PR. 
' Why, what should it be ?' 

64. A metaphor from statuaries who 
run their nail over the marble to ascer- 
tain whether there is any flaw or uneven- 
ness. carmen repre/ietidite, quod non multa 
dies et multa litura coercuit, atque prcesec- 
tum decies non castigavit ad u tig?/ em; 
Hor. A. P. 292 sqq. II S. vii. 87. I S. v. 
32. tota denique oratio liquida prorsus et 
ductilis, veluti quum crystallinas erustas 
aid onychintinas non impacto digitus un- 
gu€ perlabitur; quippe se nihil eum rimo- 
sis obicibus exceptum tenax fractura remo- 
retur; Sid. Ap. ix. 7. ' The joining is so 
exact as to allow the critical nail to glide 
uninterruptedly along the polished sur- 



face.' L U. M. K. The Romans were ex- 
ceedingly particular in having their fur- 
niture, whether of wood or marble, so 
constructed as to leave the joints imper- 
ceptible, not only to the eye, but to the 
scrutiny of the nail ; if in passing it over 
the line of juncture, the slightest jar were 
perceived, the fastidious taste at once 
condemned the article as unfashionable. 
In a much earlier and less luxurious age, 
we find Lucilius illustrating the artifice 
of composition by a comparison from the 
arrangement of a tessellated pavement : 
tarn lapidiy\\ns composta ut tesserula om- 
nes, endo pavimento atque emblemata ver- 
miculato. FRE. cf. Aus. Id. xvi. 3 sqq. 

66. The metaphor is taken from car- 
penters, or masons, who shut one eye, 
when they want to draw a straight line : 
T. which they do by means of a cord, 
rubbed over with ruddle. The cord is 
stretched along the wood or stone, and 
then jerked by being pulled at the centre 
and suddenly let go. Wt) x.au ?9Ui tIk- 

TcHv h<p$ci\fjt.uv a//.uvov •T^bs tovs xavavas 
KTivHuvovrecs <ra %vXa' Luc. Icarom. t. ii. 
p. 769. K. 

Rubrica; Plin. xxxv. 6. PR. 

67. ' The immorality and luxury of the 
age ;' i. e. ' to write satires.' ' The ban- 
quets of kings ;' (cf. Juv. vii. 73, vi. 644, 
notes, i. e. ' to write tragedies.' CAS. Or 
in may mean 1 upon,' and all three sub- 
stantives relate to regum: i the manners, 
luxury, and feasts of courts.' K. 

69. ' Heroic sentiments.' Horace 
checks such conceited presumption by 
saying, sumite materiam vestris, qui scri- 
bitis, cequam viribus; et versate diu quid 



SAT. I. 



OF PERSIUS. 



385 



70 Nugari solitos Graece nec ponere lucum 

Artifices nec rus saturum laudare, ubi corbes 
Et focus et porci et fumosa Palilia fceno : 
Unde Remus sulcoque terens dentalia, Quinti, 
Quum trepida ante boves dictaturam induit uxor 

75 Et tua aratra domum lictor tulit. — Euge, poeta ! 
Est nunc, Brisaei quem venosus liber Acci, 
Sunt, quos Pacuviusque et verrucosa moretur 



ferre recusent, quid valeant humeri; A. P. 
38 sqq. LU. Examples of the use of 
the double substantive are given by BG, 
in his note on iEsch. P. V. 2. 

70. 1 Those who used to confine their 
poetical effusions to wretched attempts 
in Greek.' L U. Compare Petr. de Inst. 
Juv. init. CAS. 

' Those who had not even the art to 
depict a grove.' T. Hor. A. P. 16. For 
this use of ponere, cf. IV Od. viii. 8. M. 
A. P. 34. Juv. i. 155. Ov. A. A. iii. 
401. artifices ponere is a Grecism. K. 
pr. v. 11. 

71. Persius here parodies and plays 
upon some favourite of the town. The 

oem, thus ridiculed, appears to have 
een a sort of ' Rhapsody on the Golden 
Age' or ' The Delights of the Country.' 
G. " His lay Recounts its chimnies, 
panniers, hogs, and hay." BW. 

72. Palilia tarn privata quam publica 
sunt apudrusticos: ut congestis cum fceno 
stipulis, ignem magnum transsiliant, his 
Pa I ilibus se expiari credentes ; V ar . L . L . 
v. 3. VS. This festival was in honour 
of Pales and was celebrated on the 21st 
of April, the anniversary of the founda- 
tion of Rome. Ov. F. iv. 629 sqq. PR. 
Prop. IV. i. 19. Plut Rom. 12. K. It 
was also called Parilia ; Ath. viii. 16. 
as it was supposed to promote fecundity 
in their flocks. LU. cf. CAR, L. ix. p. 
224 sqq. 

73. 1 Whence Remus' rose. LU. Ov. 
F. iv. PR. Juv. x. 73, note. K. 

Sulco terens. Virg. G. i. 46. K. 

Dentalia; Virg. G. i. 172. 

T. Q. Cincinnatus was called from the 
plough to be dictator, in the Samnite 
war. Liv. iii. 26. LU. 

74. This intimates that he kept no 
servant, and that he stripped to work. 
Virg. G. i. 299. 

1 His wife' Racilia, CAS. " with 
trembling haste." G. 

3 



75. ' Bravo ! poet.' 

76. Accius (Juv. vi. 70, note) wrote a 
tragedy on a similar subject to the Bac- 
cbse of Euripides : hence 1 Brissean,' an 
epithet of the god, is transferred to the 
poet. FA. Cic. for Arch. Macr. S. i. 7. 
vi. 1 sq. 5. V. Max. III. vii. 11. PR. 
His general style appears to have been 
uncouth but vigorous ; dark, rugged, and 
sublime. One specimen of his tortuous 
bombast may amuse the reader : indecora- 
biliter alienos alunt, ut rorulentas terras 
ferro fidas proscindant glebas. The obsti- 
nate attachment of the Romans to their 
earliest poets annoyed Horace and the 
critics of the Augustan age. After a 
lapse of three-score years, the same fond- 
ness still existed. The very defects of 
the old writers were carefully copied. A 
corrupt age is always an affected one : 
simplicity is lost in silliness ; and vigour 
in preposteroiis tumour. Rude and ob- 
solete terms were culled from the old 
drama to gratify a morbid taste, a sickly 
delicacy which had no relish of nature, 
and to the indulgence of which the poet 
justly attributes the corruption of forensic 
eloquence and the debility of metrical 
composition, quid quodnihil jamproprium 
placet, dumparumcrediturdisertum quod 
alius diocerit? a corruptissimo quoque 
poetarum figuras seu translations mutua- 
mur, turn demum ingeniosi, siadintelligen- 
dos nos, opus sit ingenio I Biomede. G. 

Venosus " jagg'd and knotty." G. oratio 
autem, sicut corpus hominis, ea demum 
pulchra est, in qua non eminent venae, 
nec ossa numerantur, sed temperatus et 
bonus sanguis implet membra et exsurgit 
toris, ipsos quoque nervos rubor tegit et 
decor commendat; Tac. de Caus. Corr. 
El. 21. PM. The metaphor is taken 
from old men whose veins stand out and 
look turgid, owing to the shrinking of 
the flesh. CAS. 

77. Pacuvivs was more ancient and 

D 



&86 THE SATIRES s, 

Antiopa, cerumnis cor litctificabile fulta. 

Hos pueris monitus patres infundere lippos 
80 Quum videas, quaerisne, unde haec sartago loquendi 

Venerit in linguas ? unde istuc dedecus, in quo 

Trossulus exsultat tibi per subsellia levis ? 
Nilne pudet, capiti non posse pericula cano 

Pellere, quin tepidum hoc optes audire, decenter I 
85 " Fur es" ait Pedio. Pedius quid ? Crimina rasis 

Librat in antithetis : doctas posuisse flguras 



more eminent than Accius, in conjunc- 
tion with whom he is frequently men- 
tioned : attonitusque legis terra'i fru- 
gifera'i, Accius et quidquid Pacuviusque 
vomunt; Mart. XI. xci. 6. He was a 
native of Brundusium, and a painter as 
well as a poet : he died 131 B. C. His 
mother was a sister of Ennius. CAS. Gell. 
i. 24. xiii. 2. Quint, x. I. PR. V. Pat. 
II. ix. 3. Cic. to Her. ii. 23. Our 
satirist does not mean to disparage the 
general merits of these old writers. K. 

i Warty.' M. " Hard and horny." G. 

1 Fascinates.' Hor. I Ep. xiii. 17. A". 

78. Quis Ennii Medeam et Pacitvii 
Ant iopam contemnat et rejiciat ? Cic. 
Fin. i. 2. Antiopa, when divorced by Ly- 
cus for her intrigue with Jupiter, was tor- 
mented by his new wife Dirce ; on whom 
she afterwards took dreadful vengeance. 
SCH. Apoll. III. v. 5. (HY.) K. 

4 Propped' i. e. ' beset, begirt.' T. 

1 Her dolorific heart shored round with 
teen.' arumna was obsolete when Quin- 
tilian wrote ; he gives labor as tanta- 
mount to it. But, though a profuse and 
promiscuous introduction of antiquated 
terms is censurable, a sparing and judi- 
cious use of them has its advantages ; 
and, at all events, a language is not 
much the worse for possessing two words 
with nearly the same meaning. G. 

79. Infundere: for the metaphor, cf. 
Hor. I E. ii. 69 sq. 

' Purblind:' in a double meaning. K. 

cf. Hor. I S. iii. 25 sq. KgoviKuif Xripui; 
o»tu; \'/i(jt.M\Tis <rus (privets' Anst. PI. 
581. 

80. Sartago is literally a frying-pan ; 
and the allusion is to the miscellaneous 
ingredients of the hash ; and also, per- 
haps, to the hissing and sputtering of the 
olla podrida while undergoing the process 
of cookery : FA. T. as in our bubble 
and squeak. (Unless Bubble be de- 



rived from bub ale: as bubale frustum 
i a beef-steak from a wild ox.' Petron.) 
' ' They have made our English tongue 
a gallimaufrey or hodge-podge 
of all other speeches ;" Epist. Pref. to 
Spenser's Shep. Cal. " Such patching 
maketh Littleton's hotchpot of our 
tongue, and, in effect, brings the same 
rather to a Babellish confusion than any 
one entire language ;" Camden's Re- 
mains. 

82. The Roman knights, under the 
kings, were called Celeres, afterwards 
Flexumines, and lastly Trossuli; for hav- 
ing taken Trossulum in Etruria without 
the aid of the infantry. Plin. xxxiii. 9. 
This name was afterwards applied to ef- 
feminate and pampered persons; and the 
knights began to be ashamed of it. Its 
origin was forgotten: and anew deriva- 
tion assigned it; trossulus q. d. torosulus 
from torus 1 a roll of flesh :' Nonius. F. 
Sen. Ep. 87. CAS. ib. 87. K. cf. iii. 86, 
note. 

83. 1 Is it not monstrous, that in 
pleading for gray hairs, in a matter of 
life and death, the orator should be 
ambitious of pretty conceits?' LU. 

84. Tepidum ' luke-warm.' CAS. 

85. Pedius Blcesus was accused by the 
Cyrenians of peculation and sacrilege : 
of which he was found guilty and ex- 
pelled the senate. Tac. A. xiv. 18. He 
appears to have undertaken his own de- 
fence. LU. PR. 

Ait 1 says the accuser.' LU. 

Ubi vero atrocitate, invidia, miseratione 
pugnandum est, quis ferat contra positis et 
pariter cadentibus et consimilibus, irascen- 
te?)i,flentem, rogantevi? cum in his cura 
verborum deroget affectibus fidem; et ubi- 
cn mque arsostentahir, Veritas abesse videa- 
tur; Quint. IX. \i\.fin. PR. 

86. No?i pudet Christiatws et sacer- 
dotes Dei, quasi de rebus ludicris agatur, 



SAT. I. 



OF PERS1US. 



387 



Laudatur : bell u m hoc ! — Bellum hoc? an, Romule, ce ves ? 

Men moveat quippe et, cantet si naulragus, assem 

Protulerim ? Cantas, quum fracta te in trabe pictum 
90 Ex humero portes? Verum nec nocte paratum 

Plorabit, qui me volet incurvasse querela. 

" Sed numeris decor est et junctura addita crudis." 

Claudere sic versum didicit : Berecyntius Attis. 

Et : qui cceruleum dirimebat Nerea delphin. 
95 Sic : costam longo subduximus Apennino. 

" Arma viram — nonne hoc spumosum et cortice pingui ?" 

Ut ramale vetus vegrandi subere coctum. 



verbis dubiis heerere, et ambiguas lib rare 
sententias, quibus loquens magis quam 
audiens decipitur; S. Hier. Ep. to 
Pamm. CAS. 

" In terse antithesis (Cic. Or. 49. K.) 
he weighs the crime, Equals the pause, 
and balances the chime :" G. so that, 
as in Timon's garden, " Grove nods at 
grove, each alley has a brother, And 
half the platform just reflects the other 5" 
Pope, Mor. Ep. iv. 117 sq. 

87. 1 Does Romulus (Juv. iii. 67. M.) 
play the spaniel?' by giving " Sweet 
words, Low-crook'd curt'sies, and base 
spaniel fawning ;" Shakspeare, J. C. 
III. i. " You play the spaniel, And 
think with wagging of your tongue to 
win me Id. K. H. viii. V. ii. 

88. Si vis me flere, dolendum est 
primum ipsi tibi; tunc tua me infortunia 
Undent ; Hor. A. P. 102 sq. LU. 

89. 4 I should say, what ! do you 
sing ?' 

Quum fyc. Juv. xiv. 302, note. This 
trick was often played by impostors ; 
therefore pictum is emphatic. K. 

90. Verum, understand ploratum. PR. 
' Not conned over-night.' M. 

91. Intelliges non magis tibi incur- 
vari licere, quam illi, si quis modo est, 
eiyus humeris mundus innititur; Sen. 
Cons, to Pol. 26 ; quid est in tormentis, 
quid est in aliis, quce adversa appellamus, 
mali ? hoc, id opinor, succidere mentem 
et incurvari et succumbere ; Id. Ep . 
71. Cic. T. Q. ii. 23. cf. Hor. A. P. 
110. K. 

92. 4 Even unfinished verses derive a 
grace from a happy combination and 
adaptation of words.' Quint, x. 4. K. 
Hor. A. P. 47 sq. M. 

93. Attis was a beautiful Phrygian 



boy, beloved by Cybele, to whom mount 
Berecyntus, in the Lesser Asia, was 
sacred. Ov. M. x. T. Cat. lxiii. (DCE.) 
Ov. F. iv. 223. PR. Macr. S. i. 21. K. 
Dio says of Nero lx^«£<£Wev 'ArrTvot- 
lxi. 21. JS. Ov. Ib. 455 sqq. 

94. 1 The dolphin clave blue Nereus 
right in twain:' in plain English, 4 was 
swimming through the sea.' LU. V, 
Flac. i. 450. K. Tib. IV. i. 58. PV. 

95. Subducere is a military term, and 
means ' to surprize and preoccupy a po- 
sition by forced or stolen marches.' 
xXi^eu is used in this sense by Xeno- 
phon ; and some pleasantry passes be- 
tween him and the Spartan Cherisophus 
on the relative dexterity of their coun- 
trymen in stealing : An. IV. vi. 10 — 
12. G. 1 Through luck divine, we, 
with our hostile line, Stole by surprize 
the chine of Apennine.' 

Est in eoquoque non?iihil 1 quod singulis 
verbis bini pedes continentur, quod etiam 
in carminibus est permolle : nec solum ubi 
quince syllabce nectuntur ,ut in his — "for- 
tissimo, Tyndaridarum sed etiam 
ubi quatemce, quum versus cluditur — 
" Apennino" et — " armamentis," et — 
" Oriona;" Quint. Inst, ix.4, 65. CAS. 

96. ' Is not this' " A pithless branch 
beneath a fungous rind ?" G. 

Arma virum is here put for the whole 
iEneid, and that for Virgil himself. 
Ov. R. A. 367 sq. Tr. ii. 533 sq. Mart. 
VIII. lvi. 19. Aus. Ep. cxxxvii. Sidon. 
ii. 4. K. A depreciation of the standard 
poetry is, in every country, one of the 
most striking signs of a decay of taste ; 
and it is usually accompanied by a pas- 
sion for the crude and imperfect pro- 
ductions of an earlier age. G. 

97. Persius takes up the far-fetched 



388 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. I. 



" Quidnam igitur tenerum et laxa cervice legendum ?" 

Torva Mimalloneis implerunt comua bombis, 

100 Et raptum vitulo caput ablatura superbo 
Bassaris et lyncem Manas Jlexura corymbis 
Evion ingeminat ; reparabilis adsonat Echo. 
Hsec fierent, si testiculi vena ulla paterni 
Viveret in nobis ? surama delumbe saliva 

105 Hoc natat in labris et in udo est Mamas et Attis, 
Nec pluteum csedet nec demorsos sapit ungues. 
" Sed quid opus teneras mordaci radere vero 



metaphor and, adopting his opponent's 
own phraseology, replies that although 
the bark might be turgid and corky ,"it 
had sound and well-seasoned timber un- 
der it. G. Quint, x. PR. 

Snber; Plin. xvi. 8 s 13. PR. cf. 
Hor. Ill Od. ix. 22. M. Ov. Her. v. 28. 
Theoph. H. P. iii. 16. K. 

Coctum is opposed to crudum. CAS. 
Virg. JE. xi. 554. K. 

98. 1 Without the throat's being braced 
and strained.' 

99. Spectator, No. 617. 
Mimalloneis 1 of the Bacchantes.' 

VS. Mimas was a mountain of Ionia 
where the orgies were celebrated. PR. 
Strab. x. SCH. cf. Schol. on Lycoph. 
1236. 1464. Stat. Th. iv. 649 sqq. (B.) 
K. Ov. A. A. i. 541. 

Bombis 1 with the hum.' PR. From 
(iopfitiv (' to bumble,' Chaucer;) are 
derived fZopfiuvXios- Arist. Ach. 831. 
and (ZepfivXio's' Id. V. 10/ . whence our 
Bumble-bee, more commonly called 
HuAiBLE-BEE,and,provincially,DuM- 

BLEDORE. 

The first line of this burlesque seems 
parodied from Catullus: midtris rauciso- 
nos efflabant comua bombos; lxiv. 264. 
CAS. cf. Lucr. iv. 550. 

100. Many expressions in this poem 
closely resemble those in the Baccha? of 
Euripides ; cf. 735 sqq. CAS. G. 

Pentheus is here designated as 1 the 
calf ;' for so his frantic mother Agave 
fancied, when she (with her companions) 
tore him in pieces ; and ' arrogant,' for 
his conduct towards Bacchus. LU. cf. 
Hor. II S. iii. 303 sq. but according to 
Ovid, she imagined him to be a boar : 
M. iii. 714. PR. 

101 . Bassaris is here applied to Agave, 
from Bassareus (Hor. I Od. xviii. 11.) 



an epithet of Bacchus : the etymology is 
uncertain. VS. 

The car of Bacchus was drawn by 
' lynxes' harnessed 1 with ivy-branches.' 
LU. 

Mamas; Juv. vi. 317. M. 
Flectere ' to guide;' Virg. G. ii. 357. 
M. i. 156. M. 

102. Evion, an epithet of Bacchus, 
cf. Juv. vii. 62, note. M. Hor. II Od. 
xix. 7. PR. Eur. B. 141. K. 

1 Reproductive.' LU. Calp. v. 20. K. 

Echo; Ov. M. iii. 356 sqq. LU. Aus. 
Ep. xi. also Plin. ii. 46. xxxvi. 15. 
PR. 

103. 1 Any spark of pristine vigour,' 
G. ' any vein of the manliness of our 
sires.' si quid in Flacco viri est; Hor. Ep. 
xv. 12. PR. 

104. " This cuckoo-spit of Rome, 
Which gathers round the lips in froth 
and foam !" G. ' these nerveless and 
superficial effusions, which float on the 
lips and not in the brain.' CAS. FA. 

105. In udo is equivalent to in ore: 
(cf. 42, note) implying perhaps at the 
same time that these affectations were 
relished, so as to make the mouth water ; 
which always prevents a person from 
speaking with force and distinctness. T. 

106. Cf. Quint, x. 3. PR. 1 They 
give no proof of pains.' cidpantur frustra 
calami immeritusque laborat iratis natus 
paries dis atque poelis; Hor. II S. iii. 7 
sq. M. in versu faciendo sape caput 
scabcret, vivos et roderet ungues ; Hor. I 
S. x. 70 sq. PR. Ep. v. 47 sq. and in v. 
162 sq. K. Rambler, No. 169. 

107. No raree-show man shifts his 
figures quicker than Persius does his 
fantoccini: we may therefore suppose 
that the friend, who had been a silent 
listener since he expressed his dissent in 



SAT. I. 



OF PERSIUS. 



389 



Auriculas ? Vide sis, ne majorum tibi forte 
Limina frigescant : sonat hie de nare canina 

110 Litera." Per me equidem sint omnia protinus alba: 
Nil moror. Euge ! omnes etenim bene mirae eritis res. 
Hoc juvat ? " Hie" inquis " veto quisquam faxit oletum !" 
Pinge duos angues : pueri, sacer est locus ; extra 
Mejite. Discedo. Secuit Lucilius Urbem, 

115 Te, Lupe, te, Muci, et genuinum fregit in illis. 



v. 11. now again steps forward to warn 
the satirist of his danger. G. Obsequium 
amicos, Veritas odium parit ; Ter. And. 

I. i. 41. 

Quorum(i.e. 1 of things to be learnt') 
ne jejuna atque arida traditio averteret 
animos, et aures prcesertim tarn deli- 
catas raderet, verebamur; Quint. 
Inst. iii. 1. K. 

108. Auriculas; Hor. II S. v. 32. 
Vide, as cave in Hor. I Ep. xiii. 19. 

LU. and val& (hut that is before a vowel) 
in Yirg. E. iii. 79. Fasc. Poet. p. 5. 
Si* [Livy xxiii, 47, d. ED.] 
Our author still affects the disguise 
which he put on at first, as though he had 
to dread expulsion from the tables of the 
rich.Gr. puer, ut sis vitalis, metuo; et 
majorum ne quis amicus frig ore te 
feriat; Hor. II S. i. 60 sqq. FA. 

109. We often find attributed to the 
threshold that which belongs, pro- 
perly, to the inmate, cf. Ov. M. xiv. 
703 sq. Am. I. vi. 67 sq. Prop. I. xvi. 
17. II. xvi. 23. K. superba civiumpoten- 
tiorum limina ; Hor. Ep. ii. 7 sq. 

(1) u This currish humour you ex- 
tend too far, While every word growls 
with that hateful gnarr." G. R is called 
the dog's letter, because the vibration of 
the tongue in pronouncing it, resembles 
the snarling of a dog. See Alchymist, 

II. vi. M. irritata canis quod homo quam 
planiu' dicit; Lucil. Shaksp. Rom. and 
Jul. II. iv, end. G. or (2) " Methinks 
they're touch'd already, and I hear The 
doggish letter R sound in my ear." HO. 
House-dogs were chained at the gates 
of their residences, with a notice on the 
wall cave canem; Ov. Tr. ii. 459 sq. 
Pet. 27. 77. The surliness of the 
porter and the growls of the dog may 
both be traced to the coolness of their 
lord. PV. PM. OB. K. DB. 

110. Alba, to fiiv "kiux.lv Tiis u.ya.6au 
Qvffiut, to Tt fAiXecv xocjiov- Pythag. in 
Laert. PR. T. Sil. xv. 53. (12.) K. 



111. Cf. Hor. I S. x. 11—15. PR. 
nil moror; ib. iv. 13. M. Juv. iii. 183, 
note. 

The French have this idiom in their 
language : " bien admirable." 

112. Hoc juvat? Hor. I S. i. 78. K. 
Cf. Juv. i. 131. M. \ l You affix to 

your poems' u Commit no nuisance : 
decency forbids !" 

113. Veteres Gentiles serpentes appin- 
xere ad conciliandam loco sacro reveren- 
tiam, quos mystce suos genios interpreta- 
bantur; quemadmodum Christiani crucem 
appingunt; Laurent. DD. Every place 
had its genius, who was generally re- 
presented under the figure of a snake. 
SV. cf. Her. viii. 41, note ; ii. Liv. x. 
Flor. xi. Paus. Corinth. Virg. M. v. 82. 
(HY.) Prop. IV. viii. T. Macr. S. i. 20. 
Plut. Cleom. fin. Id. Is. Os. ^El. An. 
ii. 2. 16 sq. PR. Arist. PI. 733. CAS. 
See Deane on the Serpent Worship. 

Sccer est locus ; Calp. ii. 55. K. ' Go 
elsewhere, if you have need.' 

114. There is considerable humour in 
making the poet, after he had been 
warned off the premises by the for- 
bidding snakes, linger as he retires, and 
finally turn back and justify his right to 
remain by the examples of Lucilius and 
Horace. G. 

Lucilius (Juv. i. 20. 165 sq.) sale 
multo urbem defricuit; Hor. I S. x. 14 
sq. primores populi arripuit populumque 
tributim ; II S. i. 69. PR. I S. iv. 1 sqq. 
M. Id. Ep. v. 4. K. Lucilius was great- 
uncle to Pompey, and lived in habits of 
intimacy with the chiefs of the republic, 
with Lcelius, Scipio, and others, who 
were well able to protect him from the 
Lupi and Mucii of the day, had they 
attempted (which they probably did not) 
to silence or molest him. G. 

115. P. Rutilius Lupus, who was 
consul. The passage is preserved in 
Cic. Fin. i. PR. 

Muci; Juv. i. 154. 



390 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. I. 



Omne vafer vitium ridenti Flaccus amico 
Tangit et admissus circum prsecordia ludit, 
Callidus excusso populum suspendere naso. 
Men mutire nefas ? nec clam nec cum scrobe ? " Nus- 
quam." 

120 Hie tamen infodiam : 6 Vidi, vidi ipse, libelle: 

Auriculas asini quis non habet ?' Hoc ego opertum, 
Hoc ride re meum, tarn nil, nulla tibi vendo 
Iliade. Audaci quicumque afflate Cratino, 
Iratum Eupolidem praegrandi cum sene palles, 

125 Adspice et haec, si forte aliquid decoctius audis. 



Genuinum frangere is more than den- 
(cm illidere; 'Hor. II S. i. 77. K. 

In Mis for in vobis : an instance of 
anxxcXoufov. LU. 

116. " "With greater art sly Horace 
gain'd his end : But spared no failing 
of his smiling friend ; Sportive and 
pleasant round the heart he play'd, And 
wrapt in jests the censure he convey'd ; 
With such address his willing victims 
seized, That tickled fools were rallied 
and were pleased." DD. 

117. Ridente m diccre verum, quid 
vetat ? Hor. I S. i. 34 sq. LU. 

Amiro. cf. Hor. I S. iii.63— 69. PR. 

" Play'd lightly round and round the 
peccant part, And won, unfelt, an en- 
trance to his heart." G. 

118. Cf. 40, note. LU. 

Excusso ' without a wrinkle,' LU. 
1 with well-dissemhled sarcasm.' 

119. An allusion to the story of 
Midas's barber, who, being unable to 
contain the secret of the king's having 
ass's ears, whispered it to a hole dug in 
the ground. VS. CAS. Ov. M. xi. 90 sqq. 
PR. Pope had his eye on this passage 
in the prologue to his satires, 69 sqq. DN. 

120. ' Here in my book will I bury 
the secret.' CAS. 

Iiifodiam was more applicable to the 
ancient than to the modern mode of 
writing. Juv. i. 63, note'. M. 

121. Quis non habet ? We have here 
the sentence complete, which was com- 
menced but abruptly suppressed at v. 8. 
LU. Midas was gifted with asinine 
ears for the bad taste he betrayed in 
delivering judgement on Apollo's min- 
stre sy. PR. 

122. Hoc ridere for hunc risum ; cf. 
9. M. 



1 Such a mere nothing.' cf. 2. K. 

123. ' Not for that Iliad you so 
highly prize.' G. cf. 4. LU. 

' Inspired by bold CraHnus' with the 
contempt of folly and the hatred of vice. 
CAS. Eupolis atque Cratinus Aristo- 
phanesque poetcB atque alii) quorum comos- 
dia //risen virurum est, si quis erat dignus 
describi, quod malus aut fur, quod moechus 
foret aut sicarius aut alioqui famosus, 
mutta cum libertate notabant; Hor. I S. 
iv. 1 — 5. Persius mentions the three 
in chronological order. Cratinus carried 
his boldness so far, that it was found 
necessary to restrain his personalities by 
a special edict. He flourished before 
the Peloponnesian war, and lived to the 
age of nearly a hundred, cf. Luc. Macr. 
t. iii. p. 227. Ath. i. Eus. Chron. Quint, 
x. V. Pat. i. 16. PR. G. 

124. The anger of Eupolis was directed 
against the pestilent demagogues who 
were the curse of his country, cf. Cic. 
Att. vi. 1. PR. Why the youngest of 
these dramatists is called prcegrandis Se- 
near, is uncertain. He lived, however, 
to be nearly seventy, and is styled the 
prince of the old comedy. PV. Cleon 
and the minions of the people lived in 
awe of him: G. and the fame of his 
writings had excited an interest even at 
the Persian court. MIT. 

Palles : 26, note. 

125. Decoctius ' less crude ;' a meta- 
phor from fruits, LU. or from wine or 
other liquors reduced by boiling. Virgil 
is said to have composed fifty lines or 
more every morning, and in the evening 
to have cut them down to ten or a dozen. 
materiam voloprimum esse vel a bun da n- 
t tor em, vel ultra quam oporteat fusam : 
rnultum indc decoquent ann i, multu m 



SAT. I. 



OF PERSIUS. 



391 



Inde vaporata lector mihi ferveat aure : 
Non hie, qui in crepidas Graiorum ludere gestit 
Sordidus et lusco qui possit dicere, lusce ! 
Sese aliquem credens, Italo quod honore supinus 
130 Fregerit heminas Areti aedilis iniquas: 

Nee qui abaco numeros et secto in pulvere metas 
Scit risisse vafer, multum gaudere paratus, 
Si Cynico barbam petulans nonaria vellat. 



ratio limabit, aliquid vel ipso usu detere- 
tur; Quint, xi. 4. PR. ef. 45 sq. M. 

126. 4 Let my reader glow with an ear 
warmed by their strains.' PR. This pas- 
sage accounts for the constant succession 
of new speakers in Persius. Horace 
and Juvenal profess to imitate Lucilius ; 
while our youthful poet took for his 
model the old comedy, and therefore 
threw his satires into the dramatic form. 
Whatever his reason might have been, 
he certainly secured vivacity and free- 
dom by his choice ; and though his 
success might not be great, yet his 
ambition is not to be censured. G. 

127. The Greeks were distinguished 
by the sandal (crepida) or slipper (solea), 
as the Romans by the shoe (calceus) : 
Gell. xiii. 10. sapiens crepidas sibi num- 
quam nec soleas fecit ; sutor tamen est ; 
Hor. I S. iii. 127 sq. PR. Suet Tib. 
13. K. The quantity of crepidas is 
changed from x^nvibots. BX. To ridi- 
cule national peculiarities of dress is a 
proof of a low and vulgar mind. 

128. Bodily defects are objects of pity 
rather than ridicule. Plat. Prot. t«s ^tce, 
<p6?i<> etitrjcgaTf ov$ug IcTirifAx' Arist. Eth. 
iii. 5. SCH. The brutal stupidity of this 
piece of insolence is happily dashed out 
at a single stroke: "Halloo! blind 
man ! ' ' This is all the wit which the lout 
can muster. G. 

129. Aliquem; Juv. i. 74. 
Supinus, Juv. i. 66. has three distinct 

meanings, i indolence,' ' effeminacy,' 
and ' pride.' Suetonius joins the ex- 
pressions supinus, ccelum intuens, and 
stupidits; Aug. 16. Besides which, the 
arrogant throw up their heads in walk- 
ing, so that their face is turned upwards, 
in much the same manner as if they were 



lying on their backs, cf. Mart. V. viii. 

10. Sen. Ben. ii. 13. Ep. 80. Ov. M. 
vi. 275. Cat. xvii. 25. CAS. GU. cratera 
Herchleum Tirynthius olim ferre manu 
sola spumantemque ore sup i no vertere 
solebat; Stat. Th. vi. 531 sqq. 

130. Juv. x. 100 sqq, notes. Cic. Leg. 

11. T. 

- Half-pint pots :' here put for mea- 
sures in general. T. Plin. xxi. ult. 
PR. 

Arctium a town of Etruria, now 
' Arezzo.' Mart. XIV. xcviii. PR. 

131. The abacus was a slender frame 
of an oblong shape ; in the bottom of 
which, counters for reckoning were 
either ranged in grooves, or traversed 
on graduated wires ; thereby furnishing 
an easy and compendious mode of cal- 
culation. G. 1 Arithmetic' LTJ. FA. 

The economical sand-boards of the 
Madras School were no novelty eighteen 
centuries ago. G. t Geometry.' LU. FA. 
Archimedes {homunculus a pulvere et 
radio ; Cic. T. Q. v. 23. K.) was thus 
engaged when Syracuse was taken and 
he himself fell by the hand of a Roman 
soldier. Liv. xxv. The palace of Diony- 
sius was quite dusty, from the number 
of mathematicians who pursued the 
study of geometry there. Plut. PR. 

133. ' He is ready to die with laughing 
if an impudent quean pluck a Cynic by 
the beard.' These philosophers were 
patient under injuries and regarded in- 
sults with indifference ; and hence they 
were exposed to many trials of temper. 
CAS. vellunt tibi barbam lascivi pueri ; 
Hor. I S. iii. 133 sq. M. Sen. Ira iii. 38. 
K. The common women were not al- 
lowed to show themselves before three 
o'clock in the day. VS. 



392 



THE SATIRES OF PERSIUS. 



His mane edictum, post j 

134. Edictum (according to the 
phrases edictum ludorum, edictum. mu- 
neris giadiatorii, SfC. Pliny) signified a 
programma drawn up hy authority and, 
like our play -hills, announcing the pub- 
lic amusements of the day. It was 
stuck up, early in the morning, against 
the walls, where it formed a focus of 
attraction for idlers and loungers, nemo, 
qui parturienti filice obstetriccm accersit, 



ia Callirhoen do. 



edictum et ludorum ordinem perlegit ; 
Ep. 98. MAR. 

Callirhoe is just such another woeful 
ditty as Phyllis and Hypsipyle. G. cf. 
Paus. vii. 21. It appears from 30 sq. 
38. 51 sqq. that these mawkish lays were 
recited after their dinners. 

Do : thus forum pvtealque Libonis 
mandabo sice is ; Hor. I Ep. xix. 8 sq. 
CAS. 



SATIRE II. 



ARGUMENT. 

It was the Roman custom to offer vows, and send presents to relations and 
friends on their birthdays ; and Persius, who probably knew that his 
beloved Macrinus delighted in verse, embraces the opportunity of this 
festival, to send him an excellent moral and religious poem. G. 

After the exordium, or congratulatory address to Macrinus, 1 sqq. there is 
first an enumeration of interested and impious prayers; prayers, which, 
too iniquitous for the ear of man, can only be trusted to the gods in 
private. 3 — 16. The gross folly of these prayers is attributable to the 
false and unworthy ideas entertained respecting the gods. 17 — 30. 
52 — 70. Then follows a spirited exposure of those extravagant and 
ridiculous petitions for superfluous objects, which originate in ignorance 
and superstition. 31 — 40. We have next an indignant reproof of the 
rash expectations of those, who frame requests for blessings which they 
madly labour to defeat by their own vicious excesses. 41 — 51. G. K. 

The Satire concludes with some just and elevated remarks on the true 
nature of sacrifice and prayer, 71 — 75. which might be written up in 
more than one Christian temple. DD. 

In this little poem, which assumes a tone almost too serious and solemn 
for satire, the author had in view the second Alcibiades of Plato, upon 
which the tenth Satire of Juvenal is also founded. D. The matter of 
this celebrated dialogue, (of which Addison has given a pretty analysis 
in No. 207 of the Spectator,) Persius has compressed and arranged 
with great care. G. 



394 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. II. 



Hunc, Macrine, diem numera meliore lapillo, 
Qui tibi labentes apponit candidus annos. 
Funde merum Genio ! Non tu prece poscis emaci, 
Quae nisi seductis nequeas committere divis. 
5 At bona pars procerum tacita libabit acerra. 

Haud cuivis promptum est, murmurque humilesque 
susurros 



1. Plotius Macrinus was a man of 
considerable learning and warmly at- 
tached to our poet. He studied in the 
house of Servilius, the tutor of Persius, 
so that they were, in some sort, fellow- 
students. VS. 

Cf. v. 108. Hor. II S. iii. 246. Mart. 
IX. liii. 4 sq. PR. The Thracians used 
to throw into a box a white stone 
for every happy day and black stones 
for unhappy ones ; and, at the end of 
the year, they computed how many days 
they might be said to have really lived. 
Plin. vii. 40. Ep. vi. 11. Cat. lxviii. 
148. Hor. I Od. xxxvi. 10. LU. K. non 
est vivere, sed valere, vita. 

This idle tale has been handed down 
from age to age. It makes indeed a 
pretty figure in poetry ; {et si calculus 
omnis hue ct ittuc diversus bicolorque di- 
geratur; vincet Candida turba nigriorem; 
Mart. XII. xxxiv. 5 sqq.) and not a 
contemptible one in a tritical essay on 
morality : but the expression is merely 
metaphorical, and means nothing more 
than i lucky.' It would probably puzzle 
a more metaphysical head than ever stood 
upon a Scythian's shoulders, to distin- 
guish the happy days from the unhappy 
ones : and were there no neutrals ? were 
their days never chequered ? Did the 
evenings always set upon the fortunes 
of the mornings P A rude and barbarous 
people, (quorum plaustra vagas rite 
trahunt domos ; Hor. Ill Od. xxiv. 10.) 
would scarcely occupy themselves in 



mark the colour of their fortune ; and 
all others would speedily discover the 
futility of so ridiculous a practice. G. 

2. Labentes; cf. Hor. II Od. xiv. 2. 
M. Ov. M. xv. 174 sqq. K. 

Candidus; i. 110. PR. Ov. Tr. V. v. 
13 sq. K. 

3. Genius est deus, cujus in tutela, ut 
quisque natus est, vivit. hie, sive quod, ut 



genamur, curat; sive quod una ge?ii- 
tur nobiscum; sive etiam quod nos geni- 
tos suscipit ac tuetur : certe a genendo 
Genius appellatur ; Censor, de D. 
Nat. The birthday was sacred to the 
Genius alone ; the customary offerings 
were incense, wine, and flowers ; be- 
cause, as Censorinus tells us from Varro, 
(and it is a pretty fancy) cum muntts 
annate Genio solverent, manum a ccede 
ac sanguine abstinerent, ne die, qua ipsi 
lucem accepissent, aliis demerent. T. G. 
piabant floribus et vino Genium memorem 
brevis cevi ; Hor. II Ep. i. 143 sq. Tib. 
II. ii. 8 &c. I. vii. 49 sqq. (HY.) On 
other days, however, they did sacrifice 
victims to the Genius : cf. Hor. Ill Od. 
xvii. 14 sqq. (JN.) PR. Prop. III. 
viii. 12. Juv. xi. 85, note. K. 

' You claim not as a due with mer- 
cenary prayer.' LU. emax denotes 
' making a bargain.' Plat. Euryph. 
statim ante quam limen Capito/ii tangant, 
alius donum promittit, si propinquum 
divitem extulerit; alius, si thesaurum 
effoderit, fyc. Petr. PR. Juv. iii. 276, 
note. Spectator, No. 391. 

4. Seductis: cf. Tib. II. i. 84. (HY.) 
K. i. e. omnibus arbitris procul amotis ; 
Sail. B. C. 20. Her. i. 89, note 57. 

Committere : cf. Juv. x. 346 sqq. Id. 
vi. 539, note. 

5. At bona pars hominum ; Hor. I S. 
i. 61. Thus we say 'a good many 
men.' M. 

Acerra : Ov. Pont. IV. viii. 39 sq. 
PR. Hor. Ill Od. viii. 2 sq. (JN.) K. 

6. Labra movet metuens audiri : pul- 
craLaverna! da mihi fallere, dajusto 
sanctoque videri; noctem peccatis et frau- 
dibus objice nubem ; Hor. I Ep. xvi. 
60. LU. Thus the merchant prays 
to Mercury : da 
facto gaudia lucro; et face 
verba dedisse jnvet; Ov. F. 
PR. 



ut emtori 
r. 689 sq. 



at. ii. OF PERSIUS. 395 

Tollere de templis et aperto vivere voto. 
" Mens bona, fama, fides !" haec clare et ut audiat 
hospes : 

Ilia sibi introrsum et sub lingua immurmurat : " O si 
10 Ebullit patruus, prseclarum funus !" et: " O si 
Sub rastro crepet argenti mihi seria, dextro 
Hercule ! Pupillumve utinam, quem proximus heres 
Impello, expungam ! namque est scabiosus et acri 



7. It was an excellent precept of some 
philosopher, that " We should address 
ourselves to men as if God heard us, and 
to God as if men heard us:" Macr. i. 7. 
PR. 

8. Cf. Juv. x. 356. LU. roga bonam 
metitem, bonam valetudinem animi, deinde 
corporis; Sen. Ep. 94. PR. Petr. 3. K. 

Fides, cf. Juv. iii. 143 sq. K. 

' So that strangers and standers-by 
may hear.' HO. This is opposed to sibi 
in the next line. K. 

9. Cf. Juv. x. 23 sqq. 

Sub lingua, cf. Virg. JE. x. 464 sq. 

O 1 would that :' cf. Hor. II S. vi. 9. 
LU. 

10. EbuIUt for ebullierit, by archaism, 
as axim for egerim, corned im and edim, 
dedim, CAS. viant; Virg. JE. xi. 118. 
PR. excussit for excusserit ; Plaut. Bac. 
IY. ii. 16. 

"With ebullit understand animam : 1 to 
throw out by boiling,' ' to boil away 
hence ' to die Sen. Apocol. (before 
the middle ;) Petr. fr. Trag. 42. 62. F. 
cf. Cic. T. Q. iii. 42. Others would 
read ebidlet ' would vanish like a bub- 
ble homo est bulla; Var. R. E. i. 1. 
PR. " Like a bubble on the fountain 
Thou art gone, — and for ever ! " Scott, L. 
of the Lake; III. xvi. 23 sq. cf. iii. 34. 

' His uncle, 'both because of his strict- 
ness, i. 11. K. and for the sake of his for- 
tune. VS. Nothing can be more ingeni- 
ous than the manner in which Persius 
has contrived to frame these impious re- 
quests, and calm the conscience of his 
votary. The supplicant meditates no 
injury to any one. The death of his 
uncle is concealed under a wish that 
he could see his magnificent funeral ! 
which, as the poor man must one day 
die, is a prayer becoming a pious ne- 
phew, who was to inherit his fortune. 
(Boileau has noted the humour of this 



passage, and given it in his happiest man- 
ner : " Oh, que, si cet hiver un rhume 
salutaire, Guerissant de tons maux man 
avare beau-pere, Pourroit, bien confesse, 
Vetendre en ten cerceuil, Et remplie sa 
maison d'nn agreable deuil, Que man 
dme en ce jour de joie et d' opulence, D un 
superbe convoi plaindroit peu la depense !" 
Tbe bien confesse is admirable.) The 
second petition is quite innocent : if 
people will foolishly bury their gold, 
and overlook or forget it, there is no 
more harm in his finding it than an- 
other. The third is even laudable ; it 
is a prayer uttered, in pure tenderness 
of heart, for the release of a poor suffer- 
ing child. With respect to the last ; 
there can be no wrong in mentioning a 
fact which every body knows. Not a 
syllable is said of his own wife : if the 
gods are pleased to take a hint and 
remove her, that is their concern ; he 
never asked it. G. 

11. 'A jar.' cf. [Livy xxiv, 10, 4. 
ED.] Plaut. Aul. si urnam argenti 
furs qua mihi monstret; Hor. II S. vi. 
10. PR. IT. rov; d'/iirav^ous t' cclroT; 
tn\ovtT , ov; ol ir^dviDoi y.a.T's.6 \vro, tuv 
ugyuoiuv outoi ycig "irctffi. Xiyovffi £s toi 
ra&i vdvrti " olti)$ oTSiv rov Owroivglv <rov 
Ifiov, Tkhv u tis u.£ bgvt;." ET. TuXu 
yccukov, xrufjoai o-ftivv'/jv, xcc) ras udgicc; 
uvoguTTu. Arist. A v. 599 sqq. 

12. Hercules was considered the guar- 
dian of hidden treasures ; and the tithe 
of them, when found, was his due. FA. 
amico Hercule; Hor. II S. vi. 12. (TO.) 
Plaut. Most. Diod. S. v. 2. PR. v. 44. 

13. ' On whose heels I tread :' a meta- 
phor taken from persons in a crowd. 
PR. It was a law of the twelve tables : 
si pater-familias iniestato moritur, cvi 
impubes suus heres escit, ag)iatus proxi- 
?}ius tutelam nancitor. K. 

' I might strike out.' cf. Plaut. Cure. 
IV. iv. 24. K. 



396 THE SATIRES sat. ii. 

Bile tumet. Nerio jam tertia ducitur uxor !" 
15 Haec sancte ut poscas, Tiberino in gurgite mergis 
Mane caput bis terque et noctem flumine purgas. 

Heus age, responde : (minimum est, quod scire laboro :) 
De Jove quid sentis? Estne, ut prseponere cures 
Hunc — ? "Cuinam?" Cuinam? Vis Staio? — An scilicet 
hseres, 

20 Quis potior judex puerisve quis aptior orbis? 
Hoc igitur, quo tu Jovis aurem impellere tantas, 
Die agedum Staio : " Proh Jupiter ! O bone" clamet 
" Jupiter !" At sese non clamet Jupiter ipse ? 
Ignovisse putas, quia, quum tonat, ocius ilex 

25 Sulfure discutitur sacro, quam tuque domusque ? 
An quia non fibris ovium Ergennaque jubente, 



14. Bile tumet. Plat. Tim. t. ix. p. 
420. Hor. I Od. xiii. 4 sq. K. 

His avarice is shown by his envying 
Nerius, who had already come in for the 
fortune of three wives, cf. Mart. X. 
xliii. K. 

15. Juv. vi. 522 sqq, notes. M. Virg. 
JE. ii. 719 sq. PR. Our author here 
exposes the absurd folly of those, who 
imagine that sanctity consists in a due 
observance of the external forms and 
rites of religion; while they shamefully 
neglect the purification of the heart, of 
which the other is but typical and ought 
to remind them. Cic. Leg. ii. 10. cf. 
Luc. Icar. t. ii. p. 781 sq. K. 

16. Albula, quern Tib r in mcrsus 
Tibemius in unda reddidit ; Ov. F. ii. 
389 sq. PR. 

The rites of the infernal deities were 
performed in the eA'ening, those of the 
celestials ' in the morning.' Apoll. Rh. 
Pind. Is. iv. 110 sqq. PR. 

Bis caput ihtonsum fontana spargitur 
unda: bis sua fag'mea tempora fronde 
tegit; Ov. F. iv. G55 sq. PR. 

Ter caput irrorat, ter tollit in cethera 
palmas; Ov. F. iv. 315. PR. Virg. Gr. 
i. 345. M. Id. JE. vi. 229. Tib. I. xi. 
34. Petr. 131. K. 

Purgas. Ablutions are still performed, 
with this view, by the Turks, acprimum 
pura somnum tibi discide lympha; Prop. 
III. x. 13. omnia noctis farre pio placant 
et saliente sale; Tib. III. iv. 9 sq. PR. 
cf. Arist. R. 1376 sq. PI. 656 sq. Cic. 
for Coel. 14. Ov. Am. III. vii. 43 sq. 



Virg. JE. viii. 69 sq. Tib. II. i. 9 sqq. 
Petr. 104. K. 

19. There is great bitterness in the 
cuinam ? The man of prayer will not 
venture to decide ; till he hears the name 
of the individual, whose virtues, as guar- 
dian and judge, are to be weighed against 
those of Jupiter : even then he hesitates ; 
till he is incidentally reminded, that the 
person thus selected had defrauded his 
ward in one instance, and condemned the 
innocent in another : this overcomes his 
delicate scruples ; and he tacitly admits 
the god to be the better of the two. G. 

Who Stains was, is not known : we 
learn whathe was, from the nextline. K. 

21. Impellere 1 to assail.' Virg. JE. 
xii. 618 sq. K. 

22. Clamet) understand Stains. LU. 
cf. Hor. I S. ii. 17 sq. K. 

24. Juv. xiii. 100, note. K. 

25. * The thunderbolt.' LU. Plin. 
xxxv. 15. PR. quocumque deciditfulmen, 
ibi odorem sulfuris esse certum est ; Sen. 
Q. N. ii. 53. Virg. JE. ii. 698. K. 

26. "Ev liu, luoh: Ergenna (?'. e. the 
Tuscan soothsayer,) gives directions, 
after consulting the entrails of the sheep. 
CAS. LU. cf. Juv. xiii. 62. PR. and 
vi. 587, note. This line, in construc- 
tion, follows evitandum. ri ^rixort rovt 
U^offvXov; xui Xmras aipivrtg ica) roaau- 
rovs vfigiffra; xeti (hia-lovs xctt iviigxous, 
"h^uv rivet ToXXaxn xi^auvovrt n \.'idov « viws 
i<r<rov ovhiv a^txovtrns ; iv'iort %gt)ffro» 
riva xuj o<riov odoiyrogov ; rt inwjrat, & 
Ziu, it svTi rovro ft.% fiftif tiYivxi i Luc. 



SAT. 



II. 



OF 



PERSIUS. 



r 



397 



Triste jaces lucis evitandumque bidental, 
Idcirco stolidam praebet tibi vellere barbam 
Jupiter? Aut quidnam est, qua tu mercede deorum 
Emeris auriculas ? pulmone et lactibus unctis ? 

Ecce avia aut metuens divum matertera cunis 
Exemit puerum frontemque atque uda labella i 
Infami digito et lustralibus ante salivis 
Expiat, urentes oculos inhibere perita; 
35 Tunc manibus quatit et spem macram supplice voto 
Nunc Licini in campos, nunc Crassi mittit in sedes. 



30 



" Hunc optent generum rex et regina ! puellae 
Hunc rapiant ! quidquid calcaverit hie, rosa fiat !" 



Ast ego nutrici non mando vota; negato, 



Jup. Conf. t. ii. p. 638. K. cf. Lucr. vi. 
386—421. 

27. Jaces; Virg. JE. i. 99. (HY.) K. 

1 In those groves,' where the ilex was 
struck and you escaped. M. 
Bidental. Gell. xvi. 6. PR. 

28. Cf. i. 133. LU. Juv. vi. 15 sq. 
xiv. 12. M. Dionysius of Syracuse took 
away the golden heard of iEsculapius at 
Epidaurus, saying that the son ought not 
to have a heard, when his father Apollo 
was beardless. PR. 

30. 1 The pluck and the chitterlings 
with the crow.' 

31. This lustration was performed on 
the eighth day for a girl, and the ninth 
for a hoy ; and then the name was given. 
FA. The goddess of the cradle, Cunina, 
was invoked among other deities : Lact. 
i. 20. 36. K. 

Mater altera, 1 maternal aunt ;' LU. 
amita is the father's sister. M. 

i Superstitious,' hurdulfAav Acts xvii. 
22. M. 

33. < The middle finger Juv. x. 53. 
T. Dio Chrys. Or. 33. PR. Anth. L. 
BU, t. ii. p. 528. K. 

The officious gossip takes this oppor- 
tunity to effascinate the child. HO. The 
ancients thought in hominis saliva vim 
esse adversus veneficia et fascinationes ; 
Plin. xxviii. 4. 22. LU. Plut. mox turba- 
tum sputo pidverem anus medio sustulit 
digito frontemque repugnantis signat ; 
Petr. 131. PR. Among Papists, the 
saliva of the priest is still employed in 
the chrism applied to infants at baptism ; 
as I witnessed in one of the churches of 
the Netherlands. 



34. ' "Withering, blasting.' Plin. vii. 
2. PR. urere also signifies injury in 
general: Virg. G. ii. 196. The eye was 
supposed to have a potent influence in 
evil fascination ; Id. E. iii. 103. M. see 
Spectator, No, 19. 

35. ' She dances in her arms her starve- 
ling Hope.' (r.cf.Hom.Il. Z 474 sqq. CAS. 

36. The Licini or Licinii were ex- 
ceedingly wealthy : Juv. i. 109. xiv. 
306, notes. K. The epitaph on the bar- 
ber of Augustus was as follows : mar- 
moreo Licinus tumido jacet ; at Cato 
parvo ; Pompeius nullo : quis putet esse 
deosf Varro. VS. 

The riches of Crassus were almost as 
proverbial as those of Crcesus. G. 

Mittit c prays that he may one day or 
other step into.' Virg. JE. xi. 47. PR. 

37. Cat. lxii. 42. Virg. JE. xi. 582 sq. 
Gr. i. 31. K. 

38. Rapiant is a stronger expression 
than ament. K. 

Cf. Claud, xxix. 86 sqq. Calp. iv. 
107. The contrary of this is,2>, quacumque 
ibat,terram adurebat ; Petr. 44. Themis- 
chief resulting from such prayers being 
granted is admirably set forth, Juv. x. 
104. 289 sqq. K. 1 May the Loves and 
Graces ever attend his steps V LU. as on 
those of the goddess of beauty : tibisuaves 
dcedala tellus summittit flores; Lucr. i. 7 
sq. 11 A te fioriscono Gli erbosi prati ;" 
Metastasio, Inno a Venere. 

39. ' Silly old women are no judges of 
what is good or evil for a child ; CAS. 
and I would never trust a nurse to put 
up prayers for a child of mine.' M. 
etiamnum optas, quod tibi optavit nutrix ; 



098 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. II. 



40 Jupiter, hsec illi, quamvis te albata rogarit ! 

Poscis opem nervis corpusque fidele seneetse : 
Esto, age ; sed pingues patina? tucetaque crassa 
Annuere his superos vetuere Jovemque morantur. 
Rem struere exoptas caeso bove Mercuriumque 
45 Arcessis fibra : " Da fortunare penates ! 

Da pecus et gregibus fetum H Quo, pessime, pacto, 
Tot tibi quum in flammas junicum omenta liquescant ? 
Attamen hie extis et opinio vmcere ferto 
Intendit : Jam crescit ager, jam crescit ovile, 
50 Jam dabitur, jamjam !" donee deceptus et exspes 
Nequidquam fundo suspiret numus in imo. 
Si tibi crateras argenti incusaque pingui 



Sen. Ep. 60. omnium tibi eorum con- 
tempt inn opto, quorum copiam parentes 
optaverunt ; ib. 32. PR. cf. Hor. I Ep. 
IV. 6 sqq. K. 

40. When the)- performed solemn sa- 
crifices, they dressed in white ; LU. as 
emblematical of purity : Cic. Leg. PR. 
Hor. II S. ii. 61. Ov. Tr. ii. 653 sqq. 
Tib. II. i. 15 sq. K. 

42. ' Well : there is no harm in this :' 
orandum est, ut sit mens sana in c o r- 
pore sano; Juv. x. 356. T. 

' But these prayers can never take 
effect, so long as rich made-dishes and 
high-seasoned viands constitute your 
ordinary meals." 

From the receipt which is given for 
making it, the tucetum appears to come 
very near our ' minced-meat.' suis domi- 
uisparabat viscum fartim concision et pul- 
pam frustatim collectam ad pascua juru- 
lenta, et quidem naribus jam mi/ii ariola- 
bar tucetum perquam sapidissimum ; 
Apul. M. ii. It was a very savoury 
dish : esca rcgia; Fulgent, ambrosio re- 
dolent tuceta sapore; Callimor. ib. G. 
and perhaps not much unlike ' the 
Bologna sausage.' 

43. Cf. Hor. II S. iii. 288 sqq. K. 
Nothing but a youth of temperance is 
likely to ensure an old age of health. 
" Though I look old, yet I am strong 
and lusty : For in my youth I never 
did apply Hot and rebellious liquors in 
my blood ; Nor did not with unbashful 
forehead woo The means of weakness 
and debility ; Therefore my age is as 
a lusty winter Frosty, but kindly ;" 
Shaksp. As You Like It, II. iii. M. 



44. ' Killing one's cattle is a strange 
way of augmenting one's stock.' LU. 

Mercury was the god, to whose 
kindness they attributed any unexpected 
gains. LU. Plaut. Amph. pr. PR. 
Horn. II. 3 489 sqq. Hor. II S. vi. 4 
sq. Ov. F. v. 689 sq. K. v. 12. v. 112. 
vi. 62. 

45. Da ; a Grecism : cf. Call. H. 
Dian. 6. Ov. M. i. 486. Tr. I. i. 34. K. 

After fortunare, understand facultates 
meas. LU. 

46. Axiftcvii uvb^uv ! ' most unaccount- 
able, or perverse !' Her. iv. 126. vii. 
48. 

47. Cf. Horn. II. A 460. © 240. Cat. 
xc. 6. K. 

48. Extis. Virg. G. ii. 194. JE. xii. 

215 sq. K. 

1 To carry his point.' LU. 

Fertum was a cake or pudding of 
flour, wine, honey, &c. which made 
part of their usual offerings. Cato R. R. 
134. CAS. 

50. The epithets being applied to the 
money, which belong properly to the 
man, make a very humorous prosopo- 
poeia. ' The sestertius, deceived and 
desponding, sits sighing to no purpose, 
in the bottom of the money-chest, for 
his departed comrades.' M. " Like 
the last rose of summer left blooming 
alone ; All its lovely companions are 
faded and gone !" Moore. 

51. Ae/vm yk(> lv KvlSpivi <pti$eu- Hes. 
O. D. 369. CAS. sera parsimonia in 
fundo est; Sen. Ep. 1 extr. DB. 

52. Crateras of the first declension, 
from cratera : crateras, Stat. Th. ii. 76. 



SAT. II. 



OF PERSIUS. 



399 



Auro dona feram, sudes et pectore laevo 
Excutiat guttas laetari praetrepidum cor. 
55 Hinc illud subiit, auro sacras quod ovato 
Perducis facies. s< Nam fratres inter a'enos, 
Somnia pituita qui purgatissima mittunt, 



(B.) of the third, from crate?'. WB. 
cratera impressum signis; Yirg. JE. v. 
536. The following is a description of 
' the bowl' of Hercules : Centauros habet 
arte truces aurumque figuris terribile: hie 
mixta Lapitharum ccede rotantur saxa, 
faces, aliique iterum crateres; ubique in- 
gentes morientum irtB : tenet ipse furentem 
Hylceum et torta molitur robora barba; 
Stat. Th. vi. 535 sqq. The vases were 
sometimes of silver and the figures of 
gold. ?ion habemus argentum, in quod 
solidi auri calatura descendit \ Sen. Ep. 
5. K. CAS. 

53. ' You would glow with ecstasy.' 

Xtira'tyu fyZrr Aspasiain Ath. Y.p.2L9 
c. CAS. 

54. ' Your heart in your left breast, 
over-hasty in rejoicing, would force tears 
from your eyes.' Cat. xlvi. 7. (DCE.) 
Juv. vii. 159, note. K. lacrumas excussit 
mihi ; Ter. Heaut. I. i. 115. M. IcBtari 
pratrepidum cor is probably a hemistich 
from some old poet. OR. 

55. Hinc, 1 from your fondly fancying 
that the gods resemble men.' PR. 

Ovato ' taken in war and carried in 
the ovation or lesser triumph.' In this 
word there is probably something more 
than meets the ear. G. ' Compliment- 
ing the immortals with what has been 
taken from your fellow mortals by rapine 
and plunder.' M. 

56. Perducere ' to overspread:' Yirg. 
G. iv. 416. K. 

' The brazen brethren' are either (1) 
the statues in the Pantheon at Rome ; 
LU. i. e. the heathen gods in general, 
FA. " qui en effet sont freres d-peu-pres, 
si on remonte a leur origine." RL. or (2) 
the Herman, which were numerous at 
Rome ; and Mercury presided over 
dreams. PM. DB. or (3) the fifty sons 
of iEgyptus. Acron relates that in the 
portico of the Palatine Apollo were the 
statues of the Danaides, and, over 
against them in the open air the sons of 
iEgisthus (meaning of course .ZEgyptus); 
and some of these statues were said to 



give oracles by means of dreams. VS. 
Subsequent commentators (FA. CAS. 
PR. M. DN.) take the liberty of placing 
the gentlemen in the portico, and silently 
dismissing their fair cousins. 

One of our old poets tells us that mons 
1 a mountain' cometh from movendo, be- 
cause it standeth still: and a similar 
train of reasoning seems to have in- 
fluenced those who first gave the faculty 
of inspiring dreams to the fifty sons of 
iEgyptus. These poor youths were the 
last persons in the world who should have 
been selected for such a province : they 
were married to their fifty cousins, and, 
without foreseeing or even dreaming 
of their fate, had their throats cut like 
so many calves, {velut vituli) in the same 
night, with the exception of one, who 
was roused out of a sound sleep by 
his wife: u surge l" qxue dixit juveni 
marito, u surge ! ne longus tibi sommis, 
unde non times, detur;" Hor. Ill Od. 
xi. 37 sqq. G. 

_KT proposes following Acron, for want 
of another guide, but, on turning to the 
authors of the Augustan age, finds the 
ladies only mentioned. We will give 
the passages : aurea Phcebi portions a 
magno Casare aperta fuit. tota erat in 
speciem Pcenis digesta columnis; inter 
quas Danai feminaturba senis ; Prop. II. 
xxxi. 1 sqq. the description is carried on 
for twelve lines, but there is no allusion 
to the young men. Again : hide tenore 
pari gradibus sublimia celsis ducor ad in- 
tonsi Candida templa dei; signa peregrinis 
ubi sunt alter na columnis Bolides et stricto 
barbarus ense pater : quceque viri docto 
veteres cepere novique pectore, lecturis in- 
spicienda patent, quarebam fratres, ex- 
ceptis scilicet illis, quos suns optaret non 
genuisse parens. qu<srentemfrustra custos 
me, sedibus illis propositus, sancto jussit 
abire loco; Ov. Tr. III. i. 59 sqq. Id. 
Am. II. ii. 4. A. A. i. 73 sq. 

5/. Pituita is here a trisyllable. (Fasc. 
Poet. p. 2.) LU. 1 From e:ross humours.' 
PR. Macr. S. Sc. 3. Cic- Div. i. 43. 
Suet. Yes. 7. K. 



400 THE SATIRES 

Praecipui sunto sitque illis aurea barba." 
Aurum vasa Numae Saturniaque impulit aera, 
60 Vestalesque urnas et Tuscum fictile mutat. 

O curvae in terras animae et caelestium inanes ! 



sat. n. 



Quid juvat hos templis nostros immittere mores 
Et bona dis ex hac scelerata ducere pulpa ? 
Haec sibi corrupto casiam dissolvit olivo ; 



65 Haec Calabrum coxit vitiato murice vellus ; 



58. Suet. Cal. 52. PR. Ivory, marble, 
or bronze statues were often decorated 
witb locks, which were literally ' golden,' 
and with a 'beard' of the same materials. 
Cic. N. D. iii. 34. JEl. V. H. i. 20. V. 
Max. I. i. 2. Luc. Tim. t. i. p. 107. 
Petr. 58. K. 

59. In the time of Numa, the vessels 
used were of wood or earthenware. Juv. 
vi. 343 sq. K. That prince allowed nei- 
ther images nor gold to be introduced 
into the temples. Cic. Parad. i. Plin. 
xxxiii. 11. PR. Juv. xi. 116, note. M. 
In the golden age, the metal, after 
which it was designated, was unknown. 
LU. Ov. A. A. ii. 277 sq. 

The temple of Saturn, (Ov. F. i. PR.) 
was the treasury, and, from the currency, 
was called ceraruan. In those days large 
sums of money were weighed and not 
counted ; and hence came the term 
dispensers. VS. 

Impulit ' supplanted.' LU A meta- 
phor from gymnastics. K. v. 14. 

60. Vestalcs ' of pottery,' because such 
the Vestals used. LU. Ov. F. iii. 11 sq. 
K. 

The religious rites of the Romans 
came mostly from Tuscany ; CAS. as 
well as much of their earthenware. 
Juv. xi. 109. cf. iii. 168. M. Plin. H. N. 
xxxv. 43 sq. 46. K. 

61. Cf. Lact. Inst. II. ii. 13. Ov. M. 
i. 84 sq. Sil. xv. 84 sqq. K. This apo- 
strophe and the remainder of the satire 
contain sentiments worthy of a Christian. 
M. Though Persius might have some- 
what profited by the ethical dialogue 
from which his subject is taken : it is 
certain, that a brighter gleam must have 
occasionally broken upon the darkness of 
his mind, than the torch of Plato ever 
afforded : that he was unconscious of its 
source, is his misfortune. What Cornu- 
tus thought of this, cannot be told ; he 
could not but see, however, that though 



the words, in this section, were those of 
the Porch, they were used in a more 
spiritual sense than the wisest and best 
of its sectaries ever gave them. G. 

62. <Pga<rov tri [tot. t'h *j u^'iXuu. noli 
6to7; ovtra urro tojv o^uduv, cov Tag x/uaiv 
Xa/ufiscvouo-iv ; a fttv yag oihouci, <ravTi 
otjXov. oloiv ydg IffTtv fift7v ot.ya.6ov> o ti av 
f/M iKtTvoi latrtv a ■xao' hf&wv Xaftfidvoun, 
ri uQiXovvTat \ Plato Futh. t. i. p. 33. K. 
quid en mi immortalibus atque beatis gratia 
nostra queat largirier emolument? Lucr. 
v. 166 sq. 

63. ' And to estimate what is good to 
the gods, by a reference to our depraved 
carnal nature.' LU. pulpa answers to 
the o~a(fe of the New Testament. M. 

64. Cf. vi. 36. Plin. H. N. xiii. r&t 
rt ftl%iti tuv xgnpaTuv oi £uy/>oi<pot 
(pdogas, ovoftdfyvcrt, xai to (id-^at /aiyvai 
KiKXviy.iv o ToiTirns' (Horn. II. A 141.) 
Pint. Symp. Q. v. t. xi. M. Ant. de 
Reb. S. vi. 30. (GA.) alba nec Assyrio 
fucatur lana veneno, nec casia liquidi 
corrumpitur usiis olivi; Virg. G, ii. 465 
sq. (HY. VO.) K. Both the epic poet 
and the satirist use the language of the 
old republic : they consider the oil of the 
country to be vitiated, instead of im- 
proved, by the luxurious admixture of 
foreign spices ; the consumption of which 
at Rome must have been immense at 
this period, since they were infused into 
every dish, and almost into every cup. 
The conclusion of this spirited passage 
is closely followed by Prudentius: 
gemma, bombyx, purpura, in carnis usum 
mille quceruntur dolis. G. 

65. The Lydians are said to have in- 
vented the art of dying. Plin. vii. 56. 
PR. 

Tarentum in Calabria produced the 
finest wool. Plin. H. N. viii. 48. ix. 61 
sqq. LU. Calp. ii. 69. K. cf. Juv. viii. 
15, note. 

The murex was found in the greatest 



sat. ii. OF PERSIUS. 

Heec baccam conchse rasisse et stringere venas 
Ferventis massas crudo de pulvere jussit. 
Peccat et haec, peccat : vitio tamen utitur. At vos 
Dicite, pontifices, in sacro quid facit aurum ? 

70 Nempe hoc, quod Veneri donatae a virgine puppae. 
Quin damus id superis, de magna quod dare lance 
Non possit magni Messalse lippa propago : 
Compositum jus fasque animo sanctosque recessus 
Mentis et incoctum generoso pectus honesto : 

75 Hsec cedo, ut admoveam templis, et farre litabo. 



401 



perfection off the coast of Tyre. Virg. 
JE. iv. 262. Hor. Ep. xii. 21. M. 

66. i The berry of the shell' i. e. 
' the pearl.' crassescunt etiam in senecta, 
conchisque adhcerescunt, nec his avelli 
queunt nisi lima ; Plin. ix. 35. LU. 
Hor. Ep. viii. 14. PR. JE\. N. A. xv. 
8. K. 

Stringere L to collect.' PR. 
Venas; Juv. ix. 31. K. 

67. 1 Of the fused metal (v. 10.) from 
the crude ore.' M. vagantur hi venarum 
canales per latcra puteorum (' of the 
shafts which miners sink') et hue Mice, 
hide nomine invento; tellus ligneis colum- 
nis suspenditur. quod effossum est, tundi- 
tur, lavatur, uritur, molitur in farinam; 
Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 21. K. 

68. 'It makes some use of its vicious 
propensity.' Juv. i. 49, note. K. 

69. In sacro i. e. iv Iqu ' in a temple.' 
CAS. cf. Juv. xi. Ill sqq. K. 

70. Girls, when they were grown up 
and became marriageable, offered ' wax 
dolls to Venus :' Yarro. VS. A. Lact. 
Inst. ii. 4. 13. Hor. I S. v. 66. Schol. 
K. that she might in return bless their 
nuptial couch with real babies. PR. 

71. The entrails of victims were of- 
fered in these dishes. On the size of 
them, see Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 52. K. 

72. Some degenerate descendant of 
M. Valerius Corvinus Messala ; Juv. viii. 
5. who was seven times consul. VS. 
Macr. i. 6, fin. PR. 

Lippa denotes ' morally blind.' LU. 
i.79.K. If Messala had any physical 
defect in his eyes, would Persius have 
thought fit to taunt him with it ? cf. i. 
128, note. Unless (with PR.) we attri- 
bute this disease to a life of intemper- 



3 F 



ance ; which would alter the case : cf. 
Arist. Eth. iii. 5. see also v. 77. 

73.C v o^o5«fem'harmoniouslyblended.' 

Jus comprehends 1 our duty to our 
neighbour,' fas 1 our duty to God ;' 
CAS. or jus 1 what is enacted by hu- 
man laws,' and fas 1 what is enacted 
by the divine law.' PR. 

Sanctos 1 holy,' 1 without pollution.' 
L U. 

Recessus : ret xgutfroc, <rwv uvfyutfwv 
Horn. ii. 16. M. Theoe. xxviii. 3. K. In 
this passage Persius may be more easily 
admired than translated. His lines are 
not only the quintessence of sanctity, but 
of language. Closeness would cramp and 
paraphrase would enfeeble their sense ; 
which may be felt, but cannot be ex- 
pressed. G. 

/4. ' Imbued:' ^txaiocruvri (Ztfix/tftsvov 
us (Zafos- M. Ant. de Re'b. S. iii. 4. 
Lact. Inst. VII. xxi. 6. a metaphor from 
a fleece that is died. LU. Virg. G. iii. 
307. M. 

75. The poor substituted 1 salted 
meal' for frankincense. Plin. xviii. 3. 
LU. Virg. M. v. 745. M. 

Litare is ' to perform a sacrifice 
auspiciously.' LU. turn me Jupiter 
facial, tit semper sacrificeyn, nec um- 
quam litem ; Plaut. Poen. II. 42. Li v. 
xxxviii. 20. PR. It is pleasing to 
observe with what judgement Horace 
has adapted a similar thought to the 
plain understanding of his village maid : 
immunis aram si tetigit manus, non, 
sumtuosa blandior hostia mollibet aversos 
Penates farre pio et saliente mica ; III 
Od. xxiii. 17 sqq_. Seneca too says well, 
(and Persius probably had it in his 
thoughts,) nec in victimis, licet opimce 



402 THE SATIRES 

sint, aaroque prafulgeant, deorum est 
honos; sed pia et vecta voluntate vene- 
rantium : itaque boni etiam farre ac fic- 
tili religiosi sunt, fyc. G. And again : 
primus est dewum cultus, deos credere : 
deinde reddere illis majestatem suam, 
reddere bonitatem, sine qua nulla majestas 
est : scire illos esse, qui president mundo, 
qui universa vi sua lemperant, qui humani 



OF PERSIUS. sat. ii. 

generis tutelam gerunt interdum curiosi 
singulorum. vis deos propitiare ? bonus 
esto. satis illos coluit, quisqitis imitatus 
est; Ep. 95. cf. Plat. Ale. ii. t. v. p. 99. 
Virg. M. viii. 102. Prop. III. iii. 17. Ov. 
Tr. I. ii. 75. Pont. IV. viii. 29. V. Max. 
II. v. 5. K. Litare is also ' to obtain 
that for which you sacrifice v. 120. M. 
[Livy xxiii, 36, 2. ED.} 



SATIRE IIL 



ARGUMENT. 

The whole of this Satire manifests an earnest desire to reclaim the youthful 
nobility from their idle and vicious habits. It opens not unhappily. 
A professor of the Stoic school abruptly enters the bed-room of his 
pupils, whom he finds asleep at mid-day. 1 — 6. Their confusion at this 
detection, 7 — 9- and their real indolence amidst an affected ardour for 
study, 10 — 14. are exposed; and the fatal consequences of such thought- 
less conduct is beautifully illustrated by apt allusions to the favourite 
topics of the Porch. 15 — 24. 

The preceptor, after a brief ebullition of contempt, points out the evils 
to which the neglect of philosophy (i. e. the study of virtue) will 
expose them, and overthrows the objections which they raise against 
the necessity of severe application, on account of their birth and fortune. 
24 — 30. In a sublime and terrible apostrophe, he pourtrays the horrors 
of that late remorse which must afflict the vicious, when they contem- 
plate the fallen state to which the neglect of wisdom has consigned them. 
31—43. 

He then describes, in a lighter tone, the defects of his own education, 
44 — 51. and shows that the persons whom he addresses are without 
this apology for their errors ; 52 — 65. he points out, with admirable 
brevity and force, the proper pursuits of a well-regulated mind, 66 — 76. 
and teaches them to despise the scorn of the vulgar and the rude 
buffoonery of wanton ignorance : 77 — 87- lastly, he introduces a lively 
apologue of a glutton, who, in spite of advice, perseveres in his intem- 
perance till he becomes its victim; 88 — 106. concluding with an 
apposite application of the fable (after the fashion of the Stoics) to a 
diseased mind. 107 — 118. The Satire and its moral may be fitly 
summed up in the solemn injunction of a wiser man than the Schools 
ever produced : " Wisdom is the principal thing ; therefore get 
Wisdom ;" Proverbs iv. 7- G. 



404 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. III. 



" Nempe hoc assidue ? Jam clarum mane fenestras 
Intrat et angustas extendit lumine rimas." 
" Stertimus, indomitum quod despumare Falernum 
Sufficiat." " Quinta dum linea tangitur umbra? 
En quid agis ? Siccas insana canicula messes 
Jam dudum coquit et patula pecus omne sub ulmo est." 
Unus ait comitum. " Verumne ? itane ? Ocius adsit 
Hue aliquis ! — Nemon ?" Turgescit vitrea bilis ; 
Finditur : Arcadiae pecuaria rudere dicas. 



1. Cf. Ov. Am. I. xiii. 17 sq. Aus. 
Eph. i. 1 sqq. K. From the manner in 
which the speaker announces himself, 
he appears to have been a domestic 
tutor to some of the young nobility. 
"With the decay of literature and the 
empire, the authority of these private 
instructors declined : at/no videre est 
philosophos ultra currcre, ut doceant, ad 
forasjuvenum divitum, cosrptc ibi sedere 
atrjue operiri prope ad meridiem, donee 
discipuli nocturnum omne vinum edor- 
miant ; Gell. x. G. G. 

Mane is here used as a noun. LU. 
Macr. S. i. 3. Gell. iii. 2. PR. 

Their windows were closed with 
' shutters,' which were either of solid 
board or of lattice-work. Hor. I Od. 
xxv. 1. {J A.) K. 

2. Extendit ' makes them appear 
wider.' PR. Prop. I. iii. 31 sq. Virg. 
JE. iii. 152 sq. K. 

3. The philosopher speaks in the first 
person, to give less offence. LU. 

' To digest the froth or scum of the 
wine fermenting in the stomach.' LU. 

' Falernian :' Juv. iv. 138, note. Cat. 
xxv. 2. K. 

4. ' It wants but an hour to noon, 
according to the sun-dial.' LU. On 
the day and its divisions among the an- 
cients, cf. Plin. H. N. ii. 70 sq. vii. 60. 
Macr. S. i. 3. RH. A. The inventor 
of sun-dials (according to Pliny) was 
Anaximenes ; according to D. Laertius, 
Vitruvius, and others, it was Anaxi- 
mander. They were introduced atP.ome 
in the first Punic war ; but they were 
known earlier in the east: II Kings xx. 
cf. S. Hieron. on Isaiah. PR. xat ya^ o 

noXov !] Luc. Lexiph. t. ii. p. 320. K. 
The Komansused a natural day, dividing 



the time from sunrise to sunset into 
twelve equal parts or hours : which 
would only equal our hours in length, 
when the days and nights are equal ; that 
is, when the sun rises and sets at six 
precisely. Cens. deD. N. 24. HO. Eleven 
o'clock was the dinner hour among sober 
people : Sosia , prandendum est: gtrartam 
jam totus in hwam sol calet; ad (piintam 
ficctitur umbra notam : Aus. Eph. L. 0. 
C. 1 sq. Scipio Nasica introduced the 
clepsydrce or ' water clocks.' G. 

Quinta agrees with umbra, instead of 
linea, by hypallage. M. 

5. Stella vesani leonis; Hor. Ill Od. 
xxix. 19. rabiosi tempora signi; Id. I S. 
vi. 120. The influence of the dog-star, 
when the sun entered leo, was supposed 
to produce excessive heat, as well as 
canine madness and other disorders. PR. 
LU. 

0. Nunc etiam pecudes iimbras et 
frigora captant ; Virg.E. ii. 8. LU.jam 
pastor umbras cumgrege languido rivum- 
que /ess lis guard, et horridi dumeta 
St/lvani; Hor. Ill Od.xxix. 21 sqq. M. 
Nemes. E. iv. 39 sqq. Calp.v.50sqq. K. 

7. ' Of the fellow students :' CAS. 
those young men of inferior birth or for- 
tune, whom the wealthy father had taken 
into his house to be companions to his 
son, both in his studies and in his amuse- 
ments. K. 

Ocius. A lively sketch of the manners 
of the rich, who have servants always at 
their beck or call. cf. Hor. II S. vii. 34. 
K. The sleeper too is anxious to make 
up for lost time. LU. 

8. "TaXa'Sns %iXh in the medical 
writers, from its shining and glassy ap- 
pearance : splendidi bilis; Hor. II S. 
iii. 141. CAS. 

9. < He bursts.' FA. 



SAT. III. 



OF PERSIUS. 



405 <■ * 



10 Jam liber et bicolor positis membrana capillis 
Inque manus chartae nodosaque venit arundo. 
Tunc queritur, crassus calamo quod pendeat humor; 
Nigra quod infusa vanescat sepia lympha : 
Dilutas queritur geminet quod fistula guttas. 

15 O miser ! inque dies ultra miser ! huccine rerum 
Venimus ? At cur non potius, teneroque palumbo 
Et similis regum pueris, pappare minutum 
Poscis et iratus mammae lallare recusas ? 

" An tali studeam calamo ?" Cui verba ? quid istas 



' The herds of Arcadia.' Juv. vii. 160, 
note. M. Aus. Ep. lxxvi. K. 

Rudere : the first syllable is short in 
Virg. G. iii. 374. LU. The noise is 
produced by his yawning and bellowing 
for the servant at the same time. K. 

10. ' The book,' probably, contained 
the thesis for the morning's exercise ; 

I the coarse paper' was to receive the 
first thoughts of the young wri ter ; which, 
when matured and corrected, were to be 
transferred to ' the parchment' for the 
benefit of mankind. G. cf. Juv. vii. 23, 
note. M. It is probable that waxen 
tablets and the style were not used, lest 
the youth's eve-sight should suffer : 
Quint, x. 3. Mart. XIV. v. K. 

Positis for depositis; LU. Juv. iii. 186. 

Capillis, which denotes 1 human hair,' 
is put catachrestically for pilis, which 
signifies ' the hair of an animal.' CAS. 
cf. Liv. t. iv. p. 597. (DR.) K. 

11. According to Yarro, ' paper' was 
invented in the time of Alexander. Be- 
fore which they wrote on the leaves or 
bark of trees ; then on paper manufac- 
tured from the papyrus, an Egyptian 
flag ; and lastly parchment was invented 
at Pergamus, in the reign of Eumenes. 
PR. cf. Plin. xiii. 12. Hor. I S. x. 4. 

II S. iii. 2. M. 

Before the use of pens, they wrote 
with reeds, (arundo, calamus, andfisiula,) 
which were knotted or jointed ; the best 
came from Egypt: Plin. H. N. xvi. 63. 
Mart. XIV. xxxviii. LU. PR. K. 

12. ' At first the ink is too thick : water 
is added ; and then it is too pale.' SCH. 

13. The Africans used the black liquor 
of the cuttlefish for ink; others a prepa- 
ration of lamp-black. VS. The former 
was vulgarly supposed to be the blood 
[see Lord Bacon, N. H. 742.] ; which 



the fish discharged, when closely pur- 
sued, whereby it rendered the water 
turbid and escaped. Plin. ix. 29. SCH. 
xxxii. 10, Jin. PR. xxxv. 25. Arist. An. 
iv. 2. K. " He that uses many words 
for the explaining any subject, doth, 
like the cuttlefish, hide himself for the 
most part in his own ink ;" Ray on the 
Creation, cf. Her. vii. 176, note 25. 

16. i A tender ring-dove' is said to be 
fed by its mother with the half digested 
food from her own crop. PR. These 
birds, also, were often kept as pets by 
young ladies, and tended with the great- 
est care. CAS. Hence, perhaps, the 
word [" dove ! pigeon !"] became a 
term of endearment addressed to little 
boys. Thus the flatterer calls the chil- 
dren, at the house where he visits, 

' little chicks :' K. Juv. v. 143, 
and vi. 105, notes. 

17. The wealth} r nobility were called 
reges by their flatterers and dependents. 
Hor. I*Od. iv. 21. Juv. viii. 160 sqq. K. 

Pappare, an infinitive used as a noun, 
Plaut. Epid. V. ii. 62. PR. 1 pap' or 
' food chewed by the nurse :' LU. and 
thus, lallare ' the lullaby:' and velle for 
voluntas, v. 53. note on i. 9. 

IS. Iratus 1 fractious,' ' in apassion.' M. 

Nurses when they were putting babies 
to sleep used to say " Lalla ! lalla ! lalla ! 
go to sleep, or suck." VS. Ov. F. ii. 599 
sq. K. " Philomel, with melody, Sing in 
our sweet lullaby ! Lulla, lulla, lullaby ! 
lulla, lulla, lullaby!" Shaksp. Mids. N. 
Dr. II. iii. 

Mammae 1 of your grandmother, mam- 
ma, or nurse.' T. Their father they 
called Tata: Cato. PR. 

19. Culpaniur frustra calami; Hor. 
II. S. iii. 7. T. 

Cui verba, understand das, T. 1 whom 



406 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. Ill, 



20 Succinis ambages ? tibi luditur: effluis amens. 
Contemnere : sonat vitium percussa, maligne 
Respondet viridi non cocta fidelia limo. 
Udum et molle lutum es, nunc, nunc properandus et acri 
Fingendus sine fine rota. Sed rure paterno 
Est tibi far modicum, purum et sine labe salinum, 



9.Z 



do you deceive by such frivolous ex- 
cuses ? not me !' PR. 

20. Tibi luditur 1 the stake is your 
own.' (The verb is used impersonally as 
vivitur; v. 53. concurritur; Hor. I S. i. 
7. M.) This reminds one of the sapient 
speech: " My father and mother wished 
to make me clever : books I hated. They 
wanted to send me to school : school I 
detested. However, they did send me. — 
But I nicked the old folks; for I 
never learnt any thing I" 

Effluis is a metaphor from a leaky jar. 
CAS. Some difficulty in following the 
poet arises from his putting the illustra- 
tion before the example. These familiar 
metaphors of the Stoics contribute to 
their being intelligible, though they may 
not always be very creditable to their 
taste. G. 

21. Contemnere \ Hor. II S. iii. 14. 
VS. 

1 A cracked jar betrays its flaw by the 
dead sound which it yields when struck.' 
LU. aXXk (tri x,a.6a.<ri(> ttl vrovngui %urgcci 
^tctxgovofiivcti, /u.h ffafyov u.<ro<p6iyyri'ra.i' 
Luc. Paras, t. ii. p. 841. K. v. 24. 106. 

Ncr vox hominem sonat; Virg. 
M . i. 328. VS. 

Maligne respondet is opposed to soli- 
dum crepat; v. 25. PR. 

23. Idoneus arti cuilibet: argil la 
quidvis imitaberis vda; Hor. II Ep. ii. 
7 sq. M. cereus in vitium fleeti; A. P. 
163. cf. v. 40. K. dum ten er est natus, 
generosos insere mores. SCH. 

Properandus: cf. Juv. iv. 134. Virg. 
Ct. i. 260. Ov. M. v. 396. xv. 748. A. 
Acri 1 rapid :' Virg. G. iii. 141. A'. 

24. Sine fine: we never reach perfec- 
tion, therefore there is always room for 
improvement. SCH. If we stop short, 
there is every danger of our going back- 
wards. Plin. Ep. vii. 9. 11. A". 

Sed 8fC. This has been the language 
of vicious indolence from the first mo- 
ment that wealth became heritable : 
" What needs me care for anie bookish 
skill, To blot white paper with my rest- 
less quill; Or waste o'er painted leaves, 



on winter nights, Ill-smelling oyles, or 
some still-watching lights P Let them 
that meane to earne their bread — for 
me, Busie their braines with deeper 
bookerie : Have I not landes of faire 
inheritance Derived by right of long 
continuance To first-borne males," &c. 
Hall, II S. ii. G. 

25. ' A competency.' M. Not such a 
superabundance as to provoke Nemesis, 
cf. Luc. v. 527 sq. A. 

' The salt-cellar' or, as our old writers 
more simply termed it, 1 the salt,' formed 
a distinguished feature in the garniture 
of the Roman tables. As salt was the 
general seasoning of the food of man and 
was also used to check the progress of 
putrefaction, it was associated, from the 
earliest ages, with notions of moral 
purity, and occasionally employed in 
metaphors too sacred to be repeated here. 
Salt made a part of every sacrifice ; and 
hence the vessel which held it acquired 
a certain degree of sanctity and was sup- 
posed to consecrate the table on which, 
at meal times, it was reverently placed, 
before the other articles : (sacras facitis 
mensas salinorum appositu; Am. WB.) 
if the salt was ever forgotten, it was 
looked upon as a bad omen. "With these 
claims to peculiar veneration, the salt- 
cellar appears to have been regarded as a 
kind of heir-loom, and to have descended 
from sire to son. Hor. II Od. xvi. 13 sq. 
(MI. DCE.) More cost was lavished on 
it than on the rest of the furniture. In 
the poorest times, the most frugal and 
rigid of the old republicans indulged 
themselves with a silver salt, which, with 
the patella, (a little platter for the offer- 
ing to the household gods, )was frequently 
all the plate they possessed. When the 
necessities of the state obliged the senate 
to call for a general sacrifice of the gold 
and silver of the people, the salt-cellar 
and the paten were expressly exempted 
from the contribution. [Livy xxvi, 36.] 
Here it appears put for plate in gene- 
ral, furniture, and establishment. MAR. 
G. M. The epithets appear to denote 



SAT. III. 



OF PERSIUS. 



407 



(Quid metuas?) cultrixque foci secura patella. 
Hoc satis ? An deceat pulmonem rumpere ventis, 
Stemmate quod Tusco ramum, millesime, ducis ; 
Censoremque tuum vel quod, trabeate, salutas ? 
30 Ad populum phaleras : ego te intus et in cute novi. 
Non pudet ad morem discincti vivere Nattse ? 
Sed stupet hie vitio et fibris increvit opimum 



the acquisition of this property by fair 
and honest means. FA. DN. cf. Ov. 
Tr. IY. viii. 33. Her. xvii. 14. 69. 
Juv. xiv. 68 sq. Hor. I S. iii. 13. K. 
In the once favourite song, " Ere 
around the huge oak," we have a 
similar use of this metaphor : ' ' The 
farm I now hold on your honour's estate 
Is the same that my grandfather tilT'd. 
He, dying, bequeathed to his son a good 
name, Which unsullied [piirum] de- 
scended to me : For my child I've pre- 
served it unblemish'd with shame ; And 
it still from a spot [sine labe] shall be 
free !" 

26. Quid metuas ? being major quam 
cut possit fortuna nocere. LU. You have 
wherewithal to live comfortably yourself 
and to conciliate the gods : the far 
phtm, the saliem mica, the hostia to pro- 
pitiate the Penates. Hor. Ill Od. xxiii. 
18 sqq. Stat. S. I. iv. 130 sq. K. 

Before eating they cut off a portion of 
the meat, which was put into ' a paten' 
or deep dish, Tib. I. x. 48. and, after 
being offered to the Lares, burnt on the 
hearth. LU. PR. M. 

27. 1 And is this all ?' DN. 
' "With airs.' 

28. Cf. Juv. viii. 1. 131 sqq. Prop. 
IY. xi. 11. Sen. H. F. 338. JEL Y. H. 
xiv. 36. K. Isid. ix. 6. The Eomans 
felt proud if they could trace their origin 
to Tuscan blood. LU. PR. Hor. Ill 
Od. xxix. 1. I S. vi. 1. M. 

In this and the next line, vocatives are 
p\it for nominatives : LU. the figure is 
called antiptosis. M. Y. Flac.'i. 392 
sq. K. v. 124. [Livy xxii, 49, 8. ED.] 

29. There was a twofold lustration or 
muster of the Eoman knights, censio and 
transvectio\ the latter is here meant. 
The censio was held every five years, the 
transvectio annually, i^iratrts irtiffta' Dio. 
In the former, which was strictly a re- 
view, the knights marched on foot, lead- 
ing their horses ; in the latter, they rode : 
in fact, the ceremony had more of mili- 



tary pomp than sendee in it, as they 
appeared in grand costume, (trabeati, 
Juv. viii. 259, note. FA.) and crowned 
with olive wreaths. On these occasions, 
the knights assembled in the temple of 
Mars without the walls, and rode through 
the principal streets to the Capitol, defil- 
ing by the censors, who sat in front of 
the temple of Castor in the Forum, and 
saluting them as they passed. Augustus 
revived this ancient custom which had 
fallen into disuse : Suet. 38. After it 
had flourished for a few years, the 
emperors assumed the censorial office 
among others, but neglected its duties ; 
and the practice was soon finallv dropped. 
MAR. G. cf. Liv. ix. 46. Dionvs. H. 
iv. 2. Y. Max. II. ii. 9. K. 

Tuum ' of your own family.' FA. 

30. " Such pageantry be to the peo- 
ple shown ; There boast thy horse's 
trappings and thine own ! I know thee 
to thy bottom, from within Thy shallow 
centre to thy utmost skin." D. Juv. xi. 
103. Petr. 55. K. 

Potest ingenium fortissimum ac beatis- 
simum st(b qualibet cute latere ; Sen. Ep. 
56. K. 

31. " Art not ashamed to live like dis- 
solute Loose (Sil. ii. 56. vii. 153. R.) 
Natta ? But, alas ! he's destitute Of 
sense ! He stands amazed in vice ! The 
deep Fat brawne of sin makes his heart 
soundly sleep, That now he doth not 
sinne ! No, he's so grosse, So stupid, 
that he's senseless of his losse ! And 
sunk down to the depth of vice, he'll 
swim No more again up to the water's 
brim." HO. 

32. Scepe malis stupeo ; Ov. Her. viii. 
111. & If a parallel to the character 
of Natta be sought in Juvenal, it will be 
found (if at all) in that of Peribomius, ii. 
16. But we must do Persius the justice 
to acknowledge the superior energy and 
gravity of his description : perhaps, the 
palsy of the mind, the deadening effect 
of habitual profligacy, was never more 



408 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. III. 



35 



ii ft t ) 



Pingue: caret culpa; nescit^ quid perdat, et alto 
Dernersus, summa rursus non bullit in unda. 

Magne pater divum, sasvos punire tyrannos 
Haud alia ratione velis, quum dira libido 
Moverit ingenium ferventi tincta veneno: 
Virtutem videant intabescantque relicta ! 
Anne magis Siculi gemuerunt sera juvenci 



skilfully or more strikingly delineated. G. 
As Nafta was a name of the Pinarian 
clan, (Juv. viii. 95, note:) damns Her- 
etelei custos Pinaria sacri ; Virg. 2E, viii. 
270. and Peribomius a fictitious name 
(Juv. ii. 16, note,) signifying ' one em- 
ployed about the altar:' arcs sacerdos; 
Virg. 179. (ib. 186. hanc arum liico 
statuit, qua; maxima semper dicetur 
nobis et erit qua maxima semper ; ib. 
•271 sq. cf. Juv. viii. 13, note.) I have 
little doubt but that they are one and 
the same person. 

33. 4 Fat' cannot feel ; Aristotle ; 
Galen, cf. i. 57, note, opimitas impedit 
sapientiam ; Tert. de An. 20. P.R. Psalm 
cxix. 70. M. pingue is used substan- 
tively ; LU. as in Virg. G. iii. 124. 
PM. 

Compare with this description, Arist. 

Eth. iii. 5. CAS. ayvoi? euv rras o 

rtcv x. t. k. ib. 1. 

34. " Content in guilt's profound 
abyss to drop, Nor, struggling, send one 
bubble to the top." G. " A man! an 
heir of death! a slave To sin! a bubble 
on the wave !" L. Richmond, Annals of 
the Poor. 

35. This is a noble apostrophe ; poeti- 
cal, impassioned, and even sublime: that 
it is ineffectual, is not the fault of Persius. 
Well did St Augustin observe in allusion 
to it, mox ut eos 1 ' libido" perpulerit "fer- 
venti " id ait Persius, " tincta veneno" 
magis intuentur, quid Jvpiter u magntts 
pater divum" fecerit, quam quid docuerit 
Plato vcl eensuerit Cato ; Civ. D. v. 
" None other payne pray I for them to 
be But when the rage doth lead them 
from the right That looking backewarde 
Vertue they may see E'en as she is, so 
goodly faire and bright ; And while they 
claspe their lustes in arms a crosse, 
Graunt them, good Lord, as thou maist 
of thy might, To freat inwarde for losing 
such a losse!" Wyat, Ep. to Poynes. 
G. 



36. Persius omnibus poenis, quas tyran- 
norum vel crudelitas excogitavit vcl crtpi- 
ditas pendit, hanc unam anteponit, qua 
cruciantur homines, qui vitia, qua vitare 
non possunt, coguntur agnoscerc ; S. 
Aug. de Mag. 9. compare Juv. xiii. 
CAS. 

Libido: cf. Claud, xv. 165 sq. K. 

38. Ocielorum, inquit Plato, est in nobis 
sensus accrrimus ; quibus sapientium non 
cernimus. quam ilia ardentes amores cx- 
citaret sui, si videretnr ! Cic. Fin. ii. 
16. babes ocufos /oris, unde indcas 
aurum : inttis est oculus, unde videatur 
ptileritudo justitice. quadam ergo est 
pulcritudo justit/a, quam videmus oculis 
cordis, et amamus, et exardescimus, fyc. 
S. Aug. on Psalm lxiv. PR. si virtus 
kumanis oculis conspiccretur, miros amo- 
res excitaret sui ; Sen. M. h <p^ov^at} 

<ras, tl toioutov inures Ivetgytg il^ukov 
*-a,£U&ro els o-^tv Mr Plat. Phaedr. cf. 
Cic. Off. i. 5. 

Intabescitque videndo sttccesstts ho- 
minnm; Ov. M. ii. 780 sq. CAS. 
virtutem incolumem odiums ; sublatam ex 
oculis quarimus iuvidi; Hor. Ill Od. 
xxiv. 31 sq. PR. cf. v. 61 . 

39. Invidia Siculi non invenere tyranni 
majus tormenfum ; Hor. I Ep. ii. 58 sq. 
LU. Perillus an Athenian artist, to 
gratify the savage cruelty of Phalaris the 
tyrant of Agrigentum, fabricated the 
brazen bull, and, as a just reward for his 
ingenuity, was condemned to make the 
first trial of its tortures. FA. Perillum 
nemo laudat, saviorcm Phalaride tyranno, 
qui taurum fecit, mugitus hominis pollici- 
tus igne subdito, et primus earn expertus 
cruciatumjustiore savitia ; Plin. xxxiv. 8 . 
PR. nee vero ttlla vis imperii tanta est, 
qua, premente metu, possit esse diuturna. 
testis est Phalaris, cujus est prater ceteras 
nobilitata crudelitas : in quern nniversa 
Agrigentinorum multitudo impetum, fecit ; 
Cic. Off. ii. 7. Juv. xiii. 192 sqq. K. Id. 
xv. 123, note. M. and i. 71, note. 



sat. nr. OF PERSIUS. 409 

40 Et magis auratis pendens laquearibus ensis 
Purpureas subter cervices terruit, " Imus, 
Imus praecipites" quam si sibi dicat et intus 
Palleat infelix, quod proxima nesciat uxor ? 
Saepe oculos, memini, tangebam parvus olivo, 

45 Grandia si nollem morituri verba Catonis 
Discere, non sano multum laudanda magistro, 
Quae pater adductis sudans audiret amicis. 
Jure : etenim id summum, quid dexter senio ferret, 



40. Damocles, an outrageous flatterer 
of Dionysius of Syracuse, professed to 
believe that the sum of human happiness 
was comprised in regal state. The ty- 
rant, (for all tyrants delight in practical 
jests,) to give him a convincing proof of 
it, caused him to he clothed in purple 
and served with a magnificent banquet 
at his own table. So far all was ad- 
mirable : but immediately over the head 
of the mock monarch glittered a naked 
sword, suspended by a single horse-hair. 
Damocles lost both his taste and appetite 
at the sight, and for a time, no doubt, 
enjoyed all the felicity of a real despot. 
Cic. T. Q. V. ix. 20 sq. Macr. S. Sc. 
i. 10. districtus ensis cui super impia 
cervice pendet, non Sicidce dapes didcem 
elaborabunt saporem; Hor. Ill Od. i. 17 
sqq. LU. PR. G. 

Laquear was a ceiling, divided into 
square sunk panels adorned with carv- 
ing, gilding, and paintings. Hor. II Od. 
xvi. 11. J A. LU. 

41. Imus! cf. Juv. x. 94, note. Pi?.. 

42. Hie demens, et jampridem ad 
poenam exitiumque praeceps; Cic. 
de Har. E. 24. 

43. Strangidat inclusm dolor, atque 
excestuat intus ; Ov. Tr. V. i. 63. PR. 
mediasque fraudes palluit audax; Hor. 
Ill Od. xxvii. 27 sq. M. The torments 
of a guilty conscience are well depicted 
by Cicero, S. Rose. Am. 24. and Pis. 
20. K. " And withers at the heart, and 
dares not show His bosom wife, the 
secret of his woe !" G. 

44. ' I used to touch my eyes with 
oil, to make the master believe that they 
were sore.' LU cf. Ov. A. A. i. 662. 
(BU.) if. 

45. Goto of Utica; who sided with the 
party of Pompey even in their defeat, 
and after deliberation slew himself to 

3 



avoid falling into Caesar's hands, victrix 
causa deis placuit seel victa Catoni; Luc. 
i. 128. PR. Sen. Ep. 24. On this sort 
of exercise, see Quint. Inst. ii. 4. Juv. 
i. 16, note. K. 11 It must be so. Plato, 
thou reason'st well ! &c." Addison, 
Cato : which speech, with a translation 
of it by Bland, will be found in tbe 
Spectator, No. 628. 

46. 1 My old master (Petr. 55.) showed 
no great sense, either in setting a child 
such a task, K. or in the extravagant 
encomiums which he used to pass upon 
the trash when concocted and spouted.' 
M. Praise is very useful, when ad- 
ministered with judgement : laudata vir- 
tus crescit, et immensum gloria calcar 
habet; Ov. Pont. IV. ii. 35 sq. PR. 

47. These declamations took place 
every week. Quint, ii. 7. x. 5. PR. 

1 Perspiring with anxiety.' cf. Stat. 
S. V. iii. 215 sqq. K. 

48. 1 And well he might.' M. 

The talus was a cube, (except that it 
had only four fiat sides: the two others, 
which were opposite, being rounded) 
with figures on four of the sides : the 
numbers were the ace (zmio, or canis), 
the trey (ternio), the cater {quaternio), 
and the sice {senio), which was opposite 
to the ace. The ace was a losing throw, 
the sice a winning one : nisi parva 
felicitas tibi videtur vincere alea, et cum 
aliis in unionem evolvitur, tibi semper se- 
nio nem emergere; Isid. xviii. 66. They 
did not play with a pair of dice, as we 
do, but with four. Axigustus in a letter 
to Tiberius mentions the game : inter 
ccenam lusimus y-^ovrixu; : talis enim 
Jactatis, id quisque canem aut senionem 
miserat, in singtdos talos singtdos denarios 
in medium conferebat, quos tollebat uni- 
versos qui Venerem jecerai; Suet. Aug. 
71. Venus was when ace, trey, cater, and 
G 



410 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. Ill 



Scire erat in voto ; damnosa canicula quantum 
50 Raderet ; angustoe collo non fallier orcae ; 

Neu quis callidior buxum torquere flagello. 

Haud tibi inexpertum curvos deprendere mores, 

Quaeque docet sapiens bracatis illita Medis 

Porticus ; insomnis quibus et detonsa juventus 
55 Invigilat, siliquis et grandi pasta polenta. 



sice were thrown at one cast : ftvhvos 
ifT^etyaXov Ttvovros "tan <r%nf*(&Ti LllC. 
Am. t. ii. p. 415. Ov. A. A. ii. 204 sqq. 
Tr. ii. 471 sqq. canes or canicula is sup- 
posed to be when all four turned up the 
same. Herodotus attributes the inven- 
tion of the game to the Lydians : i. 26. 
cf. A, iii. 21. RH, xx. 27. T, v. 6. 
xxvii. 3. A'jV, pt. 2. bk. v. p. 249. Sen. 
Apoc. 134. (FR.) CAS. PR. AD. K. G. 
It would seem that there were different 
ways of playing with the tali, as there 
are a great variety of games at cards ; 
that of Augustus seems to have been not 
much unlike our te-totum, (with the let- 
ters P, T, N, H ;) for every ace or sice 
they put so many sixpences into the pool, 
(P) caters and treys either went for no- 
thing (N) or for taking up so many six- 
pences ; and Venus was (T) take up all. 
In the game referred to in the text, what 
was taken up or put down appears (as 
at Loo) to have depended on the state 
of the pool, and therefore the subjunctive 
moods ferret and raderet are used. 

50. Raderet, Mart. XIII. i. 5 sqq. K. 
is a very expressive word to denote the 
sweeping of the stakes. 

The next sport was a superior kind 
of cherry pit, where the boys, instead of 
pitching cherry-stones into a hole in the 
ground, chucked nuts into ajar: (Hor. 
II S. iv. 66.) vas quoque scepe cavum 
spatio distant e locating in quod n/issa tevi 
nux cadit una manu; Ov. Nux, 85 sq. 
LU. PR. Hor. II S. vii. 17. K. h 

<r (>d<ra, xaXoupUv) va^ia. ytyvtrett fz\v u; 
to icoXb 5/ a.(rr^fityd.Xuv, evg atpavrig 
<rro%u£ovrott Qofyou tivos us iiTo^o^hv rnt 
roiavrr,! pt^tcog l£,zvtr ■/]"$£! Tfror/jfjt.Uov 
TaXXaxis 2» kcli ux.v\ots xect joaXdvotg ocvt) 
ruv ktrT^a.yu.y.uv et pt<rrovvri( i%gcuvro' 
Poll. IX. vii. 103. CAS. 

51. ' The whipping-top' made of 
* box.' SCH. Virg. M. vii. 378 sqq. 
and Tib. I. v. 3. (HY.) PR. 

52. Curvos i which deviate from the 
straight rule of right.' M. 



1 You are no child : you ought to 
know better than to waste your time in 
trifles. What end do you propose to 
yourself?' cf. Hor. I Ep. xviii. 96 sqq. 
Epict. 50. K. 

53. The epithet sapiens is transferred 
from the philosophers to their place of 
meeting. LU. cf. Hor. II S. ii. 43 sqq. 
K. 

Bracatis; Juv. ii. 169, note. M. Xen. 
Cyr. VIII. iii. 13. iEl. V. H. xii. 32. 

(PER.) K. 

'H TotKiXn ffrek, ' painted' by Mycon 
and his son Polygnotus, with the battles 
of the Greeks against the Medes and 
Persians. L U. cf. Laert. vii. 5. Plin. H. 
N. xxxv. 9. Diod. vi. 9. Herod. Plut. 
Cim. 4. PR. huic (Miltiadi) talis honos 
tributus est in porticu, qua poecile 
vocatur, quum pugna depingeretur Mara- 
tfionis; ut in decent prcetorum numero, 
prima ejus imago ponerelur; C. Nep. 6. 
This porch formed the favourite retreat 
of Zeno and his followers, who were 
thence denominated Stoics. Besides the 
fresco paintings, there were parts of the 
grand design painted on panels by Poly- 
gnotus and hung along the walls. These 
were extant in the fourth century : but 
one Antiochus, proconsul of Achaia in 
the reign of Arcadius and Honorius, was 
annoyed at the preference which the 
Stoics showed to the porch above the 
temples of the gods ; and, by way of 
humbling them, he had the tablets "torn 
down and defaced the other paintings. 
After this exploit, can we wonder that 
he was a partizan of the Goths and 
threw open the passes of Thermopylae 
to those barbarians ? Zosim. Paus. i. 
15. CAS. K. G. 

54. Detonsa : cf. Juv. ii. 15. PR. 
Luc. Vit. Auct. 20. Hermot. 18. A. 

55. Grandi; showing that the severe 
discipline (Luc. Nigr. 27 sq.) agreed 
with them. CAS. 

Polenta; Plin. xviii. 7. xxii. 25. PR. 
Juv. xi. 58 sq. Hor. II Ep. i. 123. A'. 



SAT. III. 



OF PERSIUS. 



411 



Et tibi, qua? Samios diduxit litera ramos, 
Surgentem dextro monstravit limite callem. 
Stertis adhuc? laxumque caput compage soluta 
Oscitat hesternum, dissutis undique malis? 

60 Est aliquid quo tendis et in quod dirigis arcum ? 
An passim sequeris corvos testaque lutoque, 
Securus quo pes ferat, atque ex tempore vivis ? 

Helleborum frustra, quum jam cutis aegra tumebit, 
Poscentes videas. Venienti occurrite morbo. 

65 Ecquid opus Cratero magnos promittere montes ? 
Discite, o miseri, et causas cognoscite rerum ; 
Quid sumus ? et quidnam victuri gignimur? ordo 



56. Pythagoras, the Samian, selected 
the leter Y as the symhol of human life. 
The part during which the character is 
unformed, is typified by the stem ; the 
right hand branch, which is the finer of 
the two, represents the path of Virtue, 
the other that of Vice. SV. The fancy 
took mightily with the ancients, cf. v. 
34. litera Pythagorce, discrimine secta 
bicorni, humanoe vitce speciem prcsferre 
videtur; Mart. Laert. Philostr. iv. Lact. 
vi. 3. Hes. O. D. 286 sqq. Plat. Rep. 
ii. t. vi. p. 220. Xen. M. II. i. 20. Sil. 
xv. 18 sqq. Anth. L. BU, t. ii. p. 416. 
Ep. cxl. SCH. CAS. PR. K. G. 
Pythagoras bivium ramis pateo ambiguis 
Y ; Aus. Id. xii. 

57. Max^j Ti xou o^6 to? oiftog' Hes» O. 
D. 288. cf. Juv. x. 363 sq. K. 

58. i And are you still snoring, and 
nodding, and gaping?' LU. 

59. Oscitando evaporat et edormit hes- 
ternam crapidam; Mart. M. 

60. ' Instead of any definite aim,' 
(Cic. de Fin. imam semel, ad quam vivas, 
regidam prende, et ad hanc omnem vitam 
tuam excsepia; Sen. Ep.20. cf. M. Anton, 
ii. 7. JR.) 1 You amuse yourself with 
pursuing the most trivial objects ; and 
instead of stringing and bending your 
bow, which might be of some service, 
you arm yourself with potsherds and 
lumps of dirt, which never yet brought 
any game to the ground.' LU. CAS. 

61. Ta ViTOfAtva 'hieukut, CAS. like 
children, who fancy they shall catch 
birds by putting salt upon their tails. M. 
4 You engage in a wild-goose chase.' 

62. Ex tempore 1 without one thought 
for the morrow.' L U. 



63. 1 In a confirmed dropsy, remedies 
come too late.' LU. cf. Plin. xxv. 5 5 
22. Gell. xvii. 15. PR. Petr. 88. V. 
Max. viii. 6. K. 

64. Principiis obsta : sero medicina 
paratur, cum mala per longas invaluere 
moras; Ov. R. A. 91 sq. M. 

65. Craterus, like all the physicians 
in fashionable practice at Rome, was a 
Greek 5 he is mentioned both by Cicero, 
Att. xii. 13 sq. and Horace, II S iii. 161. 
and said to have been physician to 
Augustus. There were practitioners, in 
the poet's age, whose credit and whose 
fees were equal to those of Craterus, and 
whose names would therefore have fur- 
nished as apt an example : but Persius 
could never keep his thoughts, nor his 
fingers from Horace. It is curious to 
learn, from the elder Pliny, that a physi- 
cian in repute made nearly as much 
money by his practice, in Rome, as is 
now made by the most popular of the 
profession with us : he notices several 
whose fees amounted to five or six thou- 
sand a year. G. PR. 

66. Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere 
causas; Virg. G. ii. 490. LU cf. S. 
Aug. Civ. D. ii. 6. PR. Hor. I Ep. ii. 
67 sqq. ib. xviii. 96 sqq. R. In what 
follows, besides the Greek philosophers, 
the poet had in view Cicero and perhaps 
Seneca. From the treatise de Finibns 
he has drawn largely. He has, however, 
expressed the sense of his eloquent but 
wordy masters with admirable force and 
brevity, and has given a beautiful sum- 
mary of the pure ethics of his school. G, 

67. TvZh ffiauTov' Juv. xi. 27. PR. 
On self-knowledge, cf. Plat. Ale. i. t. v. 



412 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. III. 



Quis datus? aut metae qua mollis flexus et unde ? 

Quis modus argento? quid fas optare? quid asper 
70 Utile numus habet? patriae carisque propinquis 

Quantum elargiri deceat? quem te deus esse 

Jussit? et humana qua parte locatus es in re? 

Disce; neque invideas, quod multa fidelia putet 

In locuplete penu, defensis pinguibus Umbris, 
75 Et piper et pernae, Marsi monimenta clientis, 

Maenaque quod prima nondum defecerit orca. 
Hie aliquis de gente hircosa centurionum 



p. 56. 65. itaque, quantum passu mus, ab 
ilia fortuna rcsiliamus, quo// sola prastabit 
sui naturaque cognitio. seiat, quo iturus 
sit, wide ortus ; quod illi bonum, quod 
malum sit; quid petal, quid devitet; qua 
sit ilia ratio, qua appetenda ac fugienda 
discernat, qua cupiditatum ■mansucscit 
insania, timorum savitia conipescitur ; 
Sen. Ep. 82. K. There is the following 
epitaph in one of the churchyards at 
Reading : quis sum, qualis eram, quid 
era, tu mitte rogare : nil mea vita refert; 
duccre disce tuam. 

Quidnam viciuri alludes either to the 
shortness of life, {/toe, quod vivintus,pro,vi- 
mum nihilo est, et tauten late disponettir ; 
Sen. Ep. 99.) or to the end and object 
of it ; cf. Juv. viii. 84, note. K. 

1 What is the arrangement of fate : (cf. 
M. Anton, iv. 45.) and what is the dis- 
position and concatenation of good and 
evil established by the law of nature.' 
cf. Epict. 29. Xen. M. II. i. 18 s<jq. K. 

68. 1 There are many periods of life 
as critical as the end of the stadium in 
the chariot race, where the nicest judge- 
ment is required in turning the corner. 
If we pull the inner rein too soon or too 
sharply, we shall infallibly run foul of 
the post ; if, on the other hand, we hold 
too loose a rein, our antagonist will cut 
us out and get the start of us.' T. L U. 
PR. metaque fervidis evitata rotis; Hor. 
I Od. i. 4 sq. M. Or it may refer to 
death, spatium vita extremum; Juv. x. 
358. Pind. N. vi. 10 sqq. Virg. yE. x. 
471. xii. 546. Ov. Liv. A. 357- com- 
pared with Sen. Ep. 30. Cic. Fam. iv. 
5. M. Ant. iv. 48. 50. Plat. Ap. Soc. t. 
i. p. 93. Cic. T. Q. i. 41. K. 

69. Juv. xiv. 316 sqq, notes. K. 
Quid fas? ii, throughout. PR. 

1 Money' is 4 rough' with the stamp 



impressed upon it, T. from the figures 
standing in relief. Juv. xiv. 62. M. non 
voles quod debeo, nisi in aspero et probo, 
acciperc; Sen. Ep. 19. (GRU.) E. 

70. Cf. Cic. Off. i. 17. Hor. II S. ii. 
100 sqq. K. 

71 . ' What character God has assigned 

you.' (rxtjvi) vrus o fo'ios, xac) TTctiyviov, vi 
/uctfa •va.'i^nv <rbv trvrouV/iv /utrccllus . >I <p'i(>t 
ra.s o^uva; : cf. Epict. 17. K. These 
lines, and especially the word Deus, 
seem to be of that high strain of divinity 
(for a heathen), which Plato reached 
when he affirmed that, when he said 
Gods, he was not in earnest. HO. 

72. ' In what station you are posted 
(rtrayfAivor cf. Cic. Sen. 20. jK".) in 
human life.' A metaphor from soldiers. 
PR. 

73. Cf. Sen. Ep. 17. K. 

Multa fidelia as multa victima; Virg. 
E. i. 35. K. The fees of the lawyers 
were taken chiefly in kind: cf. Juv. vii. 
119 sqq. G. 1 The jars stunk' from their 
having more good things than the advo- 
cate could consume. LU. This and the 
following lines afford an example of 
alliteration, cf. 92 sq. 

7 4. The Umbrians were a very ancient 
people of Italy : Plin. iii. 14. Their 
country is now the duchy of Spolentano. 
PR. Cat. xxvii. 11. Prop. I.xxii.9sq. K. 

75. The Marsians were a people of 
Apulia; Plin. iii. 11. whose country was 
famous for its wild boars. PR. 

76. Mana; Plin. H. N. ix. 26. CAS. 
1 Fresh jars come in, before you have 
finished your first.' LU. 

77. These captains (Hor. I S. vi. 73.) 
thought the grand characteristic of a 
soldier was contempt of all cultivation, 
whether of mind or of body ; (Juv. xiv. 
194 sq.) consequently they could not be 



SAT. III. 



OF PERSIUS. 



413 



Dicat " Quod satis est, sapio mitri : non ego euro 
Esse, quod Arcesilas asrumnosique Solones, 

80 Obstipo capite et figentes lumine terrain, 

Murmura quuxn secum et rabiosa siientia rodunt 
Atque exporrecto trutinantur verba labello, 
JEgroti veteris meditantes somnia: gigni 
JDe nihilo nihil, in nihilum nil posse reverti. 

85 Hoc est, quod palles? cur quis non prandeat, hoc est?" 
His populus ridet multumque torosa juventus 
Ingeminat tremulos naso crispante cachinnos. 

" Inspice: nescio quid trepidat mihi pectus et asgris 



agreeable companions, in any sense of 
the word. (Hor. Ep. xii. 5. Cat. lxi. 10.) 
K. By putting the objections into the 
month of such a spokesman, Persius 
effectually shames those with whom he 
has been arguing. M. " Tush! what 
care I to be Arcesilas, Or some sad 
Solon, whose deep-furrowed face And 
sullenhead and yellow-clouded sight Still 
on the stedfast earth are musing pight, 
Mutterin g what censures their distracted 
minde Of brain-sicke paradoxes hath 
definde, Or of Parmenides or darke 
Heraclite, Whether all be one, or nought 
be infinite, &c." Hall. G. 

79. Arcesilas of Pitane in iEolia was 
a disciple of Polemon and afterwards of 
Crantor. LU. He was the founder of 
the middle Academy, and maintained in 
opposition to Zeno, that all things were 
to be doubted, and that nothing could be 
known. Hence he is called ignorantiee 
magister; Lact. iii. 5. and philosophies 
eversor; Cic. Ac. His life is said not to 
have been a very regular one. Laert. iv. 
40. PR. M. K. "Or cet Arcesilas, tout 
habile quHl etoit, avoit le defaut d'etre 
fort pehdant dans le dispute, et d'etablir 
pour principe qic'on nepouvoitriensavoir." 
It might perplex a plain-dealing man to 
account for such a person's disputing at 
all. He was, however, a very subtle 
caviller. G. 

Solon, the Athenian legislator, was 
reckoned one of the seven sages of 
Greece. LU. Her. i. 29, note 16. 

80. 1 With their heads on one shoulder.' 
LU. Hor. II S. v. 92. K. Stat. S. V. i. 
140. by hypallage for figentes lumina in 
terrain; the other form, which is not so 
strong an expression, occurs, Virg. i£. 
vi. 469. Ov. M. xiii. 541. Tr. IV. ii. 29. 



acrtTatras youv tov Tcvyava xa.t rag o<p^us 
uvariivots, xa) (h^ivSvof^tvos ts Tgo; ccvtov 
eg%i<rui, Tiravu^ss fiXivwv x <r. X. Luc. 
Tim. t. i. p. 170. PR. M. K. 

81. 1 They mumble murmurs.' Quint, 
x. 3. PR. 

Est et non igitur, quoties lucem esse 
fatendum est, sed own esse diem ; mille 
hinc certamina surgunt. hinc pauci, multi 
quoque talia commeditantes, inurmure con- 
cluso rabiosa siientia rodunt : qualis vita 
hominum, duo quani monosyllaba versanti 
Aus. Id. xvii. 21 sqq. in BJJ, A. L. t. ii. 
Silent muttering and a fixed look were 
indications of insanity. Juv. ii. 14. Luc. 
de Sect. Princ. K. M. 

82. Verba, cf. Luc. Demon. 28. t. ii. 
p. 386. K. 

83. Some ancient poet asked quid 
cegrotus umquam somniavit, quod philo- 
sophorum aliquis non dixerit ? Lact. PR. 

84. This is one of the most trite phy- 
sical axioms. LU. Lucr. i. 151 &c. PR. 

85. The abstemiousness of philoso- 
phers is here attacked, postquam est 
impransi correptus voce magistri ; 
Hor. II S. iii. 257. PR. O pueriles 
ineptias! in hoc super cilia subduximus ? 
in hoc barbam demisimus ? hoc est, quod 
tristes docemus et pallidi ? Sen. Ep. 48. 
cf. Juv. vii. 97, note. K. 

86. Torosa, opposed to pallida and 
imp^ansa senectus, K. is applied to the 
youth of Rome in general, formosuli 
nostri et torosidi et vix summis pedibus 
adumbrantes vestigia, quorum verba in 
pugnis sunt et syllogismi in calcibus ; S. 
Hieron. PM. cf. i. 82, note. 

87- Midtam ingeminat; i. e. 1 laugh 
loud and long.' cf. V. Flac. 459. Juv.i. 
164. K. 

88. This person who consults his phy- 



414 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. III. 



Faucibus exsuperat gravis halitus ; inspice sodes P* 
90 Qui dicit medico, jussus requiescere, postquam 

Tertia eompositas vidit nox currere venas, 

De majore domo modice sitiente lagena 

Lenia loturo sibi Surrentina rogavit. 

6 Heus ! bone, tu palles.' " Nihil est." 6 Videas tamen istud, 
95 Quicquid id est. Surgit tacite tibi lutea pellis.' 

" At tu deterius palles. Ne sis mini tutor : 

Jam pridem hunc sepeli : tu restas." 4 Perge : tacebo.' 

Turgidus hie epulis atque albo ventre lavatur, 

Gutture sulfureas lente exhalante mephites : 



sician, has all the symptoms of a dan- 
gerous fever. Cels. iii. 6. K. 

89. 1 Rises up out of the stomach.' 
CAS. 

' Fetid, offensive.' Ov. A. A. iii. 277. 
Petr. 93. K. 

Sodes; Juv. vi. 280, note. 

90. < To keep quiet' LU. Cels. iii. 2. 
Pit. Quint, ii. 17. cf. Plin. Ep. vi. 1. 
K. 

91. Though this was the third night, 
the fever might prove a quartan. A'. 

92. ' Surrentine wine,' of a good 
quality, was not common; therefore 
he sends his servant to ' a great house' 
for it MAR. It was customary for 
wine and other little delicacies to he 
sent by friends to those who were ill : 
cf. Mart. II. xl. lxxvi. K. 

" No sickly noggin, but a jolly jug." 
D. 

93. He sends for the wine, the first 
thing in the morning ; and, after his 
meal, he takes a bath. Which is dan- 
gerous for invalids, Suet. Tib. 82. PR. 
and for all persons, upon a full stomach. 
Juv. i. 142 sqq. M. plurimi falluutur, 
dum se prima die pro/times sublaturos lun- 
guorem aid exercitatioue, atd balnea, aut 
vino sperant; fyc. Cels. iii. 2. K. 

Surrentum was a town of Campania. 
LU. Surrentina vina caput nulla niodo 
tentant; et stoniachi ct intestinoruni rhcu- 
matismos cohibent ; Plin. H. N. xxiii. Is 
20. Surrentina in vineis tantum nascent ia 
convalescent ibits maxime probata propter 
tenuitatem salubritatemque ; ib. xiv. 6 s'S. 
PR. Tiberius dicebat, consentisse medicos, 
ut nobilitatemdarent , alioquin esse gene- 
rosum acetum; ib. Caligula calls it 
vappam nobilem. G. It was kept till it 



was five and twenty years old before it 
was used. CAS. 

94. These are the words of an ac- 
quaintance, who accidentally falls in 
with the patient as he is tottering from 
the table to the bath ; and who, justly 
alarmed at the symptoms he observes, 
bluntly indeed, but kindly, tries to per- 
suade him to turn back. The petulance 
and ill-humour with which this kindness 
is received, are highly characteristic and 
satirical. The dying wretch was too much 
in the wrong to bear good .advice. G. K. 

95. Symptoms of dropsy. Gal. JEgin. 
iii. Cels." iii. PR. 

9G. Varro Eumenidibus : ut arquatis 
et lutea qua: rum sunt, et quce sunt, lutea 
videntur; sic insanis [et] sani et furiosi 
videntur esse insani; Nonius. PR. 

97. Either (1) ' you survive to lecture 
me :' PR. or (2) ' I have you to bury 
still, it seems, before I shall be my own 
master.' FA. " I have already buried 
two or three; And, Doctor, I may live 
to bury thee." D. Compare u ojnnes 
composui." felices ! nunc i[ego resto : 
con/ice ! Hor. I S. ix. 28 sq. RL. 
i- 98. Pinguenivitiis albumque; Hor. 
II S. ii. 21. 7o' sq. quam multi continuis 
voluptatibus patient ! Sen. Br. V. PR. 
crescit indulgens sibi dims hydrops, nec 
sitim petlit, nisi causa morbi fugerit vents 
et aquosus albo corpore languor ; Hor. 
II Od. ii. 13 sqq. M. I Ep. vi. 61 sq. 
Sulp. v. 36. Sid. Ap. v. 339 sq. K. 

99. Mephites is properly the stench 
from stagnant and putrid water. LU. 
Virg. M. vii. 84. M. quam fa'di atque 
pestilentes ructus sunt c.rhalantibus cra- 
pulam veteran ! scias putrescere sumta, 
non concoqui; Sen Ep. 95. PR. 



sat. in. OF PERSIUS. 415 

100 Sed tremor inter vina subit calidumque trientem 
Excutit e manibus ; dentes crepuere retecti ; 
Uncta cadunt laxis tunc pulmentaria labris. 
Hinc tuba, candelse ; tandemque beatulus, alto 
Compositus lecto crassisque lutatus amomis, 

105 In portam rigidos calces extendit; at ilium 
Hesterni capite induto subiere Quirites. 

" Tange, miser, venas et pone in pectore dextram : 
Nil calet hie ! Summosque pedes attinge manusque : 



100. Quce desideraniibus alimenta 
erant, onera sunt plenis : inde pallor et 
nervorum vino madentium tremor et 
miserabilior ex cruditate quam ex fame 
macies : inde incerti labantium pedes et 
semper quasi in ebrietate titubatio ; Sen. 
N. Q. v. PR. 

Vina : cf. Juv. viii. 168, note. M. 

The triens, OR. or triental, was a cup 
which held rather more than one third 
of a pint. LU. cf. Hor. I Ep. xvi. 21 
sqq. K. 

102. ' The rich viands/ which he 
had gorged before coming to the hath, 
and which his stomach now rejects undi- 
gested. LU. 

The lip hanging loose and the drop- 
ping jaw are fatal symptoms according 
to Hippocr. Progn. PR. 

103. 1 Then comes a funeral.' This 
is vffniov vrgongov : 1 the trumpet and 
torch' were used in the procession to the 
funeral pile. v. 106. CAS. A full ac- 
count of the particulars referred to in 
these lines will be found in AD. 

Tuba: cf. Poll. viii. 1. SV, on JE. v. 
138. St Matthew ix. 23. PR. 

Candelce. cf. Petr. 78. 129. Prop. II. 
x. 19 sq. xiii. 17 sq. IV. xi. 9. K. 

Beatulus : thus our Stoic calls the de- 
ceased Epicure in irony, because the 
Epicureans used to say : maximam Mam 
voluptatem habemus, qua percipitiir omni 
dolore detracto : nam quoniam, quum pri- 
vamur dolore, ipsa liberatione et vaeuitate 
omnis molestice gaudemus, voluptas est, 
ut omne id, quo offendimur, dolor : 
doloris o?miis privatio recte nominata est 
voluptas; Cic. Fin. i. 2. K. 

Alto lecto. cf. Ov. M. x. 463. F. ii. 
353. K. Mart. VHI.xliv. 14. Prop. II. 
xiii. 21 sq. PR. 

104. Compositus. cf. Tib. III. ii. 26. 
Virg. JE. i. 249. (HY.) K. 

Amomis. cf, SA y on Sol. p. 401. Ov. 



Tr. III. iii. 89. F. iv. 853. K. Juv. iv. 
108, viii. 159, notes. 

105. " Lies a stiff corpse, heels fore- 
most, at the door." G. cf. Plin. vii. 8. 
PR. Horn. II. T 212. Tac. A. iii. 5. 
(LI.) KI, i. 12. K. 

106. Manumitted slaves shaved their 
heads and then put on the cap of liberty 
in the temple of Feronia. This was 
worn by the freed-men, who bore their 
late master's corpse to the funeral pile, 
as a badge of their being admitted to the 
rights of citizenship. VS. CAS. LU. Juv. 
iii. 60, note. M. faxit Jupiter, tit ego hie 
hodie, raso capite, calvus capiam pileum ! 
Plaut. Amph. I. i. 306. (TB.) and v. 
82. Liv. xxxiv. 52. qui liberi Jiebant ea 
causacalvi erant, quod tempestatem servi- 
tutis videbantur effugere, tit naufragio 
liberati solent ; Nonius. PR. cf. Juv. xii. 
81, note. [Livy xxiv, 16, 11. ED.] 

Subiere. Virg. M. vi. 222. K. 

107. The youth, drowsy as he is, is 
still awake enough to discover that he is 
somehow involved in this apologue. As 
the preceptor, however, appears to him 
to labour under a considerable mistake, 
he prepares to set him right ; and in a 
somewhat indignant tone (miser!) affirms 
himself to be in no danger of ' trumpets 
and torches,' as is falsely insinuated, for 
that the state of his health is excellent. 
It is now that the philosopher sees his 
advantages, and turns upon the poor 
dreamer with the moral of his fable, 
which he enforces with all the poignancy 
of satire and all the dignity of truth. 
The student can no longer mistake, for 
he is presented with an epitome of his 
most besetting vices, and, among others, 
that of ungovernable passion, of which 
he had furnished a tolerable specimen 
already : 8 sq. G. K. 

i Feel my pulse.' M. 

108. Coldness of the extremities is a 



416 



THE SATIRES OF PERSIUS. 



SAT. III. 



Non frigent !" Visa est si forte pecunia, sive 

110 Candida vicini subrisit molle puella, 

Cor tibi rite salit ? Positum est algente catino 
Durum olus et populi cribro decussa farina: 
Tentemus fauces : tenero latet ulcus in ore 
Putre, quod haud deceat plebeia radere beta. 

115 Alges, quum excussit membris timor albus aristas. 
Nunc face supposita fervescit sanguis et ira 
Scintillant oculi, dicisque facisque, quod ipse 
Non sani esse hominis non sanus juret Orestes. 



symptom of approaching illness : Cels. 
ii. 4. K. 

109. ' Have you no symptom of ava- 
rice, or any other passion ?' which are 
diseases of the mind. LU. cf. iv. 47. 

110. Candida : Ov. A. A. ii. 0. K. 
Risit et argutis quiddam promisit 

ocellis; Ov. Am. III. ii. 83. PR. 

Molle is used adverbially, K. as acre, 
34. dulce ridentem Lalagen amnio, didce 
loquentem; Hor. I Od. xxii. 23 sq. 

111. 'Is there no extraordinary pal- 
pitation at your heart ?' Stat. S. I. ii. 
210. Sen. Thy. 750. K. Erasistratus, 
the physician, discovered the passion of 
Antiochus, who was sick for love of 
Stratonice his stepmother, by feeling his 
pulse when she was entering the cham- 
ber : V. Max. v. 7. PR. 

112. ' A cold dish of coarse greens, 
DN. not well boiled. M. cf. vi. 

1 The sieve used by the common peo- 
ple' was so coarse, as to let through a 
great deal of the bran. LU. 69 sq. 
PR. 

114. Radere the same as tergere; 
Hor. II S. ii. 24. K. 

Beta, which Martial calls fabrorum 



prandium; XIII. xiii. PR. 

115. Obstupui, steteruntque coma; 
Virg. JE. ii. 774. LU. Arist. Prohl. 
viii. 18. PR. " I could a tale unfold, 
whose lightest word would harrow up 
thy soul ; freeze thy young blood : 
Make thy two eyes, like stars, start 
from their spheres ; Thy knotty and 
combined locks to part, And each par- 
ticular hair to stand an end, Like 
quills upon the fretful porcupine;" 
Shaksp. Ham. I. v. " With hair up- 
staring, then like reeds, not hair Id. 
Temp. I. ii. Juv. vi. 95, note. 

116. Est etiam calor ille animo, quetn 
sumit in ira, cum fcrviscit, et ex oculis 
micat acribus ardor, est et frigida multa 
comes formidinis aura: quceciet /wrrorem 
in membris, et concitat art us ; Lucr. iii. 
289 sqq. 

117. Ardebant oculi et ex toto corpore 
crudelitas emicabat; Cic. Verr. 7. ex 
illorum luminibus scintillce emicant, 
flammct astuant, anhelum pectus spi- 
rit inn jacit ex ore, fyc. Am. i. PR. 
Horn. II. A 104. A 662. Ov. A. A. iii. 
503 sq. A*. 

118. Cf. Hor. II S. iii. M. 



SATIRE IV. 



ARGUMENT. 

This Satire (of which many have supposed Nero to be the object) is 
founded on the first Alcibiades of Plato ; and many of the expressions 
are closely copied from that celebrated dialogue. 1 sqq. 

It naturally arranges itself under three heads, the first of which treats of 
the preposterous ambition of those who aspired to take the lead in state 
affairs, before they had learned the first principles of civil government. 
1—22. 

The second division, which is of singular merit, and possesses a rich vein 
of strong but appropriate humour, and acute reasoning, turns on the 
general neglect of self-examination ; 23 sq. it enforces, at the same time^ 
the necessity of moral purity, from the impossibility of escaping detec- 
tion ; and points out the policy of restraining all wanton propensity to 
exaggerate others' foibles, from its tendency to provoke severe recri- 
mination on ourselves. 25 — 46. 

The conclusion, or third part, reverts to the subject with which the Satire 
opens, and arraigns, in terms of indignant severity, the profligacy of the 
young nobility, and their sottish vanity in resting their claims to appro- 
bation on the judgement of a worthless rabble. 46 — 52. G. 

To read this Satire, may be useful to the young. It may help to correct 
petulance ; it may serve to warn inexperience. It may teach the 
youthful statesman, that, even in remote times, and in small states, 
government was considered as a most difficult science. It may show 
the high-born libertine, that, in proportion as the sphere in which he 
moves is wide and brilliant, are his conduct and character conspicuous, 
and his follies ridiculous. DD. 



3H 



418 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. IV. 



Rem populi tractas ? (barbatum hoc crede magistrum 
Dicere, sorbitio tollit quern dira cicutas:) 
Quo fretus ? die, o magni pupille Pericli ! 
Scilicet ingenium et rerum prudentia velox 
5 Ante pilos venit, dicenda tacendaque calles. 
Ergo ubi commota fervet plebecula bile, 
Fert animus calidse fecisse silentia turbae 
Majestate manus. Quid deinde loquere? — " Quirites, 



1 . 'Do you presume to take the reins 
of government into your hands ?' DN. 
Aleibiades says of Socrates : " aveeyxuga 
fti oy.o\oyt7v, on vroWou iv^tris ut uiiroi 
srt, Iftavrou pXv otpiXca, ra V 'Afavuiwv 
^uTT<u " Plato Symp. 32. K. 

Barbatum: of. Juv. xiv. 12. iv. 103. 
Lucian sap. Hor. II S. iii. 16 sqq. K. 

Socrates was accounted the father of 
philosophy, and prince of philosophers : 
Cic. Fin.'ii. 1. N. D. ii. 167. T. Q. iii. 
8. v. 10. PR. 

2. Juv. xiii. 185 sq, notes. M. Id. vii. 
205 sq, notes; Sen. Ep. 13. K. Plin. 
xiv. 5. cf. Ap. As. Aur. x. Plat. Soc. 
Ap. Lact. v. 15. Ath. xiii. Socrates can- 
citatis inimicitiis.calumniosa criminatione 
damnatus, morte milk-tutus est. sed rum 
postea ilia ipsa, quce pnblice danmaverat, 
Atheniensium civil as pnblice Intuit: in 
duos ejus accusatores usque adeo populi 
indignatione conversa, uf unus varum op- 
pressus vi mvJMtudinis interiret, exsilio 
autcm voluntario atque perpetuo poenam 
similem alter evaderet. tarn praclara igi- 
tur vital mortisqite farm Socrates reliquit 
plurimos sua; philosophic scetatores; S. 
Aug. Civ. D. viii. 3. PR. v. 145. 

Sorbitio: p'oQnpot,- Ml. V. H. ix. 38. 
Phsedr. i. 20. (BU.) K. 

3. "Oru TrurTivuv ; Plato. M. 

1 Aleibiades' lost his father, while he 
was yet a child. His guardians were 
Ariphron and Pericles : educates est in 
domo PericltSj (privignus enim ejusfuisse 
dicitur,) eruditus a Socrate; C. Nep. II. 
i. 1. G. The word pupille is emphatic; 
he was still a ' ward.' LU. cf. Plut. 
PR. 

Pericli for Periclis, from Pericleus, 
Periclei. cf. CO, on Sail. H. fr. i. p. 934. 
K. Pericles, the son of Xanthippus, was 
great both as a statesman and as a gene- 
ral, cf. Just. iii. LU. Plut. 12. Cic. 



Brut. V. Max. viii. 9. Some have sup- 
posed that Persius intended a pun in 
this place ; because Aleibiades, when 
youn<y, was compared to a lion's whelp. 
PR. cf. Juv. iv. 31. 

4. Ingenium. dociles natura nos edidit, 
et rationem dedit imperfectam, sed qna. 
perfici posset ; Sen. Ep. 49. K. luv'orys, 
cf. Arist. Eth. vi. 13. 

Velox 1 precocious.' LU. cf. Ov. A. A. 
i. 183. Stat. S. ii. 100 sqq. K. 

5. Sen's venit tisus ab annis ; Ov. M. 
vi. 29. LU. etenim mihi multa vetustas 
scire dedit ; xiv. 695 sq. Nero (whom 
many suppose to be alluded to under the 
character of Aleibiades) was emperor, 
before he was seventeen ; Suet. 8. Tac. 
A. xiii. 1. 0. PR. 

Ab illis (philosophis) haic dicuntitr; si 
consonare Ubi in faciendis et non faciendis 
virt ulis est, qua; pars ejus prudentia voca- 
tur, eadem in dicendis et non dicendis 
erit; Quint, ii. 20. Horn. Od. H 440 sq. 
Hor. I Ep. vii. 72. K. 

6. Hes. Th. 80 sqq. K. Virg. JE. i. 
149 sqq. PR. 

7. Imm anitcr strepente exercitu, cum 
cieri ttimullus violentior appareret, Valen- 
tinianus,elataprospere dextra, utprinceps 
fiducia plenus ,ausus increpare quosdam id 
seditiososetpertinaces,cogitatanullisinter- 
pellantibus absolvebat; Amm. xxvi. PR. 

8. Est ilia quasi privata censura, 
majestas clarorum virorum, sine tribuna- 
lium fastigio, sine apparitor um ministerio, 
potens in sua amplitudine obtinenda. grato 
enim etjucundo introitu animis hominum 
illabitur admiration is pra>textu vclata : 
quam rede quis dixerit longum et beatum 
honorem sine honore; V. Max. ii. ult. 
qui (Jupiter) postquam voce manuque 
murmura comprcssit, tenuere silentia 
cuncti; Ov. M. i. 205 sq. cf. Acts xiii. 
16. PR. Luc. i. 297 sq. K. 



SAT. IV. 



OF PERSIUS. 



419 



Hoc, puta, non justum est ; illud male, rectius illud."— 
10 Scis etenim justum gemina suspendere lance 

Ancipitis librae : rectum discernis, ubi inter 

Curva subit vel quum fallit pede regula varo : 

Et potis es nigrum vitio praefigere theta. 

Quin tu igitur summa nequidquam pelle decorus 
15 Ante diem blando caudam jactare popello 

Desinis, Anticyras melior sorbere meracas. 

Quae tibi summa boni est ? uncta vixisse patella 

Semper et assiduo curata cuticula sole ? 

Exspecta ; haud aliud respondeat haec anus. I nunc ! 



0. Cf. Cic. Orat. i. 12. Hor. Ill Od. 
iii. K. 

10. Cf. Cic. T. Q. v. 17. K. 

11. Virtue may be compared to a 
straight line between two crooked lines. 
To distinguish between what is correct 
and what is incorrect, is often no easy 
task : \irthizotZ > t>uo'i yocg el clzgoi <rn; (jLitrni 
Z^us' Arist. Eth. ii, 7, 8. CAS. cf. iii. 
52. M. 

12. "When, owing to the necessary 
exceptions, the strict adherence to the 
rule becomes improper. A madman 
demands the restitution of a sword, 
which he deposited with you when in 
his senses. The law bids you restore 
it : but common sense forbids. CAS. 

13. (the first letter of ddvaros) was 
set against the names of those sentenced 
to capital punishment : nosti mortiferum 
quastoris, Castrice, signumf est opera 
pretium discere theta novum, fyc. Mart. 
VII. xxxvii. midtum ante alias infelix 
litem theta. VS. K. G. T was the letter 
of acquittal. The Romans used A and 
C, the initials of absolvo and condemno. 
Cic. for Milo. A. Critics marked those 
passages of authors, which they ap- 
proved of, with L (laudabile) or X (x^n- 
o-rflv), those of which they disapproved 
with 0. PR. Sid. Ap. ix. 335 sq. CAS. 

14. Suet. Nero 51. Hor. I Ep. xvi. 
45. PR. II S. i. 64 sq. K. Tac. A. xiii. 
M. v. 116. A striking instance of fero- 
city under a beautiful exterior was that 
of the sanguinary revolutionist St Juste. 

' Your high pretensions savour more 
of folly and insanity than of true wis- 
dom : but, to put the matter to the test, 
what is your idea of the sovereign good, 
the great end of life ?' The answer is 
honest, at least. ' To indulge in idle- 



ness, and to fare well.' 
the poet, ' is precisely what this poor old 
herb-woman would reply.' And the ob- 
servation is just and pertinent. The 
Baucises, who cry radishes and water- 
cresses in our streets, have little concep- 
tion of any happiness that is not con- 
nected with the table, and freedom from 
labour of every kind. [The Hampshire 
farmer's boy, when asked what he would 
do if he were king, answered at once, 
" "Why, I would swing on a gate and eat 
fat bacon, all day long."] Our young 
pretender to state affairs now urges other 
claims, such as birth, beauty, &c. in 
which he has decidedly the advantage 
of the old woman : but our Stoic treats 
them with utter contempt and changes 
the subject. G. 

15. A metaphor from a peacock, Hor. 
II S. ii. 26. Juv. vii. 32. 1. 62. or from 
a dog. i. 87, note. CAS. cf. Hor. I S. 
vi. 15 sqq. K. 

16. Anticyras: Juv. xiii. 97. Strabo 
ix. Plin. xxv. 5. Gell. xvii. 15. Suet. 
Cal. 29. expulit hetteboro morbum bilem- 
que meraco; Hor. II Ep. ii. 137. PR. 
Id. II S. iii. 83. note on i. 51. M. Hor. 
A. P. 300. Ov. Pont. IV. iii. 53 sq. K. 

17. Cf. iii. 60. K. 

Uncta patella. Si, bene qui coenat, bene 
vivit; lucet, eamus quo ducit gida; Hor. 
I Ep. vi. 56 sq. PR. Mart. V. xlvi. 7. K. 

18. Juv. xi. 203 sq. VS. During the 
summer, the Romans used to rub oil into 
their skin, in the sun ; and in winter, 
before the fire, i, precor, ct totos avida 
cute combibe soles, quam formosus eris! 
Mart. X. xii. 7 sq. PR. v. 33. Plin. Ep. 
iii. 1. H. N. xxi. 14. Mart. I. lxxviii. 
K. 

19. By way of mortifying the young 



420 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. IV. 



20 « Dinomaches ego sum." Suffla. " Sum candidus." Esto. 

Dum ne deterius sapiat pannucea Baucis, 

Quum bene discincto cantaverit ocyma vernge. 

Ut nemo in sese tentat descendere, nemo ! 

Sed prsecedenti spectatur mantica tergo. 
25 Qusesieris: * Nostin Vectidi praedia?' " Cujus?" 

' Dives arat Curibus quantum non milvus oberret.' 

" Hunc ais? hunc dis iratis genioque sinistro, 

Qui quandoque jugum pertusa ad compita figit, 



man's pride, CAS. he proposes appealing 
to an old woman passing by. L U. 

I nunc! Juv. vi. 306, note. Virg. JE. 
vii. 425. Ov. Her. ix. 105. Prop. III. 
xvi. 17. K. 

20. IT go; fjt,'/;<T^bi 'AXx/£ai9u2r,s «v, ix 
A-ziva/uct^n; yzyovu; tyis Miyccxkiou;' Plut. 

Ale. i. The Alcmceonidse were one of 
the noblest and wealthiest families in 
Athens, and were the most influential 
agents in the expulsion of the Pisistra- 
tidiP. Her. iv. 92 sq. A'. 

Sitffla ' puff away !' ' You do well to 
be proud of it.' PR. cf. Juv. viii. 46. K. 

Ca n did us et tabs a vcrtice palcer ad 
imos; Hor. II Ep. ii. 4. M. 

21. ' Old goody Baucis in her tatter'd 
gown,' (The name occurs ; Ov. M. viii. 
640 &c. PR) ' has the advantage over 
you in one respect: she has wit enough 
to fulfil her vocation well and profitably ; 
whereas you are utterly ignorant how 
to set about the business, which you so 
presumptuously undertake.' M. 

22. " Quella Alto cantando ai dis- 
soluti servi L'erbette." STE. 

Ocyma : cf. Plin. xix. 7 s 36. CAS. 
1 basil.' Varro R. Ii. I. xxxi. 4. Cato; 
Plinv xviii. 16. PR. xx. 48. Mart. I. 
xlii. 2. K. 

23. Cf. Juv.ii.36sq. K. xi. 27. LU. 
ut; Virg. E. viii. 41. Hor. I S. i. 108. 
PR. Ov. Her. xii. 33. xiii. 89. Spectator, 
No. 399. Rambler, Nos. 24 and 28. 

24. Cum hta pervideas oculis mala 
lippus inunctis, cvr in amicorum vitiis 
tarn ccrnis acutum, qvam ant aquila aid 
seiycns Epidaurius? Hor. II S. iii. 
298 sq. PR. dixcrit insanum qui me, 
totidem audiet; atque rcspiccre ignoto 
discct pendentia tergo; ib. 298 sq. The 
allusion is to a fable of ^Esop's : peras 
impomit Jupiter nobis duas : propriis 
rrpletam vitiis post tergum dedit, alioiis 
ante peel us suspendit gravem. hac re vi- 
dcre nostra mala non possumus ; alii 



simul delinquunt, censores snmns ; PhaBd. 
IV. x. M. LU. tn autem tarn laboriosus 
cs, ut post te non respicias? in alio pe- 
d ne turn vides; in te ricium non vides? 
Petr. 57. Hor. I S. iii. 25 sq. Sen. Ag. 
270 sqq. K. nostram peram non vide ri- 
tes, alioriim T juxta Persium, manticatn 
consideramus ; S. Hier. Ep.91. non ride- 
inus id mantica, quod in tergo est ; Cat. 
xxii. 21. PR. K. M. LU. 

25. Qncrsicris 1 if one ask.' K. 

26. Juv. ix. 55. PR. 

27. Isti qui cum Gent is suis belligerant 
parcipromi; Plaut. True. I. ii. 81. PR. 
cf. ii. 3. Juv. i. 49 sq. x. 129. xiv. 1. M. 
Hor. II S. iii. 8. 123. Phajdr. IV. xix. 
15. K. 

28. This festival (compitalia; Gell. x. 
24.) was one of great celebrity; a kind 
of rustic saturnalia; Tib. II. vii. Macr. 
S. i. 14. It was held after the seed- 
season, on a day annually named by the 
prcetor, but generally on or about the 
second of January. On the morning of 
this day, the peasantry assembled near 
the cross-roads, probably for the advan- 
tage of space : here they erected a tree 
somewhat in the manner of our may- 
poles, on which the idle plough and yoke 
were hung, or, as some say, broken up. 
Tib. II. i. Under this tree, some slight 
shed appears to have been raised, where 
they sacrificed, (Gell. i. 22. GRO.) 
feasted, and gave themselves up to 
riotous mirth and jollity. Dionys. iv. 14. 
The origin of this festival, which was 
probably, at first, an expression of pious 
gratitude, is lost in antiquity. The 
Roman writers refer it to one of their 
kings, according to custom ; and as a 
god was also necessary, they fixed upon 
the Lares compita lit ii. Ov. F. v. 140. 
Suet. Aug. 31. VS. CAS. LU. PR.K. 
G. It somewhat resembled our harvest- 
home. M. 

Pertusa 1 pervious.' Calp. iv. 126. K. 



SAT. IV. 



OF PERSIUS. 



421 



Seriolae veterem metuens deradere limum 
30 Ingemit hoc bene sit ! tunicatum cum sale mordens 

Caepe, et, farrata pueris plaudentibus olla, 

Pannosam fsecem morientis sorbet aceti." 
At si unctus cesses et figas in cute solem, 

Est prope te ignotus, cubito qui tangat et acre 
35 Despuat in mores, penemque arcanaque lumbi 

Runcantem populo marcentes pandere vulvas. 

" Tu quum maxillis balanatum gausape pectas, 

Inguinibus quare detonsus gurgulio exstat? 

Quinque palsestritae licet hsec plantaria vellant 
40 Elixasque nates labefactent forcipe adunca, 



29. Serias omnes relevi; Ter. Heaut. 
III. i. 51. (cf. Hor. I Od. xx. 2 sq. 
PR.) The diminutive marks his ava- 
rice ; as does the epithet veten m. CAS. 

30. The solemn grace which the old 
miser pronounces, indicates the extraor- 
dinary good cheer which was forthcom- 
ing. BR. Tib. II. i. 31. Plaut. Stich. 
V. iv. 27. (LM.) PR. Petr. 35. 65. 
Hor. II S. vi. 4. Ov. F. iv. 299. K. 
The ecstasies of the boys are to the 
same effect. CAS. 

1 With all its coats.' PR. 

31. Cf. Juv. xiv. 171. PR. 

32. ' Swills the mothery dregs of dead 
vinegar,' i. e. the sour wine which was 
the drink of those who could afford some- 
thing more than water ; answering to our 
small beer. The mould had formed a 
thick cake on the top, like a woollen rag. 
Every word is emphatic, acre potet ace- 
twn ;"Hor. II S. iii. 116 sq. T. CAS. M. 

33. ' If you lounge away your time.' 
cf. 18. K. 

34. ' Somebody or other, whom per- 
haps you little think of.' LIT. 

Aliquis cubito stantem prope tan- 
gens inquiet; Hor. II S. v. 42 sq. PR. 

35. Spitting was a sign of aversion and 
detestation. L IT. Plaut. As. I. i. 26 — 29. 
PR. Theoc. vi. 39. xx. 11. Tib. I. ii. 
96. Luc. Icar. t. ii. p. 786. K. In 
the following passage it is deeply to be 
regretted that a poet, who is universally 
represented as untainted by the gross sen- 
suality of the age when he wrote, should 
have so far complied with its fashions 
as to use, in the exposure of the vices 
which he reprobates, language which 
will hardly admit of paraphrase. CAS. 



The most malicious construction is put 
by this slanderer upon the effeminate 
anxiety of the young nobility to render 
their persons smooth and sleek, (cf. Juv. 
viii. 16. ix, 12 sqq. Arist. N. 1005. 1079. 
Cone. 129. K.) and to lay bare what 
nature intended to conceal, fruges con- 
sumere nati, spot/si Penelopes, nebulones^ 
Alcinoique, in cute curandaphtsccquo 
operetta, Juvenilis ; Hor. I Ep. ii. 
27 sqq. 

37. ' "While you comb the false beard, 
perfumed with essences, which you wear 
upon your cheeks and chin.' PV. Suet. 
Oth. 11. Mart. X. xlii. Tac. A. xiv. exc. 
b. LI. Aug. Civ. D. iv. 1. Ov. A. A. i. 
518 sq. Mart. II. xxxvi. 3 sq. K. 

Maxillis; Mart. VIII. xlvii. MS. 

Pressa tuis balanus eapillis Jamdudum 
apud me est ; Hor. Ill Od. xxix. 4. 
(JN.) CAS. Plin. xxiii. 5. 4. xiii. 1. 4. 
PR. 

Gausape 1 shag.' vi. 46. PR. Hor. 
II S. viii. 11. Mart. XIV. exxxviii. 
K. 

38. GurguUo is properly what anato- 
mists call the uvula, which hangs from 
the back part cf the palate. LIT. 

39. " In vain: should five athletic 
knaves essay To pluck, (runcare) with 
ceaseless care, the weeds away, Still the 
rank fern, congenial to the soil, Would 
spread luxuriant, and defeat their toil." 
G. The palcesfritce were probably the 
servants who trained the young gentle- 
men in the private schools of exercise. 
Mart. III. lviii. 25. K. 

40. Elixas ' sodden' refers to the con- 
stant use of the hot bath. LIT. Mart. 
III. vii. 3. K. 



422 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. IV. 



Non tamen ista filix ullo mansuescit aratro." 

Caedimus inque vicem praebemus crura sagittis : 
Vivitur hoc pacto : sic novimus. Ilia subter 
Caecum vulnus habes; sed lato balteus auro 
45 Praetegit. Ut mavis, da verba et decipe nervos, 
Si potes. " Egregium quum me vicinia dicat, 
Non credam?" Viso si palles, improbe, numo ; 
Si facis, in penem quidquid tibi venit amarum ; 
Si puteal multa cautus vibice flagellas ; 



41. On the stubborn nature of 1 fern,' 
see Virg. G. ii. 239. (VO.) 264. cf. 
Juv. ix. 15. K. 

42. ' We are more bent upon finding 
flaws in our neighbour's reputation ; 
than in raising our own above the reach 
of detraction.' LU. 'We are so intent 
upon wounding our antagonist, that we 
leave our own weak parts unguarded.' 
A metaphor from gladiators. Hor. II 
Ep. ii. U7. PR. HYj exc. viii. on ^n. 
vii. K. 

43. 1 Thus have we been taught :' 
LIT. or ' thus have we found it to be.' 
DB. 

44. The metaphor is again taken 
from gladiators, who, when they re- 
ceived a wound, endeavoured to conceal 
it from the view of the spectators, by 
drawing over it their broad belt. VS. 
It may also allude to power and wealth, 
which serve to blind the eyes of the 
world to manv infirmities and faults. 
CAS. cf. Virg. JE. v. 312 sq. xii. 942 
sq. PR. 

45. Ut mavis i Hor. I S. iv. 21. PR. 
Da verba ; iii. 19, note. M. 

4 Deceive your own senses and powers.' 
cf. Hor. I Ep. xvi.21. PP. M. 

46. Vicinia\ Hor. II S. v. 106. PR. 

47. To the forming a correct estimate 
of our own weak points, illud prcedpue 
impedit, quod cito nobis placemus ; si in- 
venitnus qui vos bonus vivos dicat i qui 
prudentes, qui sanctos, agnoscimus. ncc 
sumus modica landatione contend ; quid- 
quid in uos adulatio sine pudore concessit, 
tamqnam debit um prendimus ; optimos 
iws esse, sapientissimos qffirmantibus as- 
sentimur } cum scianms illussccpc mentiri] 
Sen. Ep. f;9. Akibiades owned that 
he had often suffered from flattery ; 
Plat Symp. xxxii. K. 

Visofye. cf. iii. 109 sqq. Juv. viii. 9 
sqq. 135 sqq. K. 



48. ' Into your lustful mind.' K. 

49. The signification of this line is 
obscure ; and a great diversity of opinion 
exists among the commentators. From 
the several interpretations proposed, I 
have ventured to select the following. 

' If, with all due precaution for your 
own personal security, you render your- 
self the scourge of the forum by con- 
stantly beating and wounding those who 
pass through it after dark.' Q. Volu- 
sio, P. Scipione coss. otium forts, fa-da 
do/ui lascivia : qua Nero itinera urbis et 
Iztpanaria et diverticula, vestc servili in 
dissimulationem mi compositus, percrra- 
bat, comitantibus qui rapt rent venditioni 
exposita et obviis vulnera inferrent, ad- 
versus ignaros adeo, ut ipse quoque acci- 

pcret ictus et ore prtcfcrrct Nero 

a idem metuentior in poster um, militessibi 
et plerosque gladiatores circumdedit: qui 
rixarum initia modica et quasi privata 
sinerent : si a tasis validius ageretur, 
an/in inferrcnt; Tac. A. xiii. 25. petu- 
lantiam, libidinem, luxuriant, avaritiam, 
crudclitatem , ... velut Juvenili errore, 
exercuit . . . post crepnsculum statim 
arrepto pileo vet galero popinas inibat: 
circitmque vims vagabatur ludibrmdus, ncc 
sinepemicie tamen. siquidem redeuntesa 
cicna verberare, ac repugnantes vulne- 
rare, cloacisque demergere assueverat. . ■ 
ac sa-pe in ejusmodi rixis, oculorum et 
vita? pericidum adiit, a quodam laticlavio, 
cujus uxorem attrectavcrat , prope ad 
neeem casus, quare numquam postea se 
publico illud liorcB sine tribunis commisit, 
procid et oceulte subsequentibtis ; Suet. 
Ner. 26. CAS. PR. M. cf. Juv. iii. 
2/8—304, notes. G. 

Puteal literally means ' the cover of 
a well.' It was a small inclosure in the 
Comitinm, the most frequented part of 
the Forum. It contained a low-raised 
piece of masonry, and appears to have 



SAT. IV. 



OF PERSIUS. 



423 



15 Nequidquam populo bibulas donaveris aures. 
Respue, quod non es : tollat sua munera cerdo ; 
Tecum habita : noris, quam sit tibi curta supellex. 



been sometimes used as an altar. 
When, or why, it was railed in, was a 
matter of uncertainty even in Cicero's 
time ; though he supposed the famous 
rasor and whet-stone of the augur 
Nsevius was deposited there ; Div. i. 17. 
32. Liv. i. 36. There was another, 
called the puteal of Libo, in the Julian 
portico near the Fabian Arch: Test, 
xvii. p. 487. SA. G. Dionys. iii. fin. 
Cic. for Sext. 18. Hor. I Ep. xix. 8. 
II S. vi. 35. PR. 

50. Sed vereor ne cui de te plus quam 
tibi credos; Hor. I Ep. xvi. 19. PR. 



Bibulas. cf. Hor. II Od. xiii. 32. PR. 
Prop. III. iv. 8. (BU.) K. 

51. " Fling the rabble back their vile 
applause." G. Mart. III. xvi. stidtus 
honores scepe dot indignis ; Hor. I S. vi. 
15 sq. PR. Juv. iv. 153, note. M. 

52. Cf. i. 7. CAS. si perpendere te 
voles, sepone pecuniam, domum, dignita- 
tem ; intus te ipse consule ; Sen. Ep. 80. 
teipsum concute ; Hor. I S. iii. 34 sq. 
II S. vii. 1 12. tuo tibijudicio est utendum : 
tibi si recte probanti placebis, turn non 
modo hi te viceris, sed omnes et omnia ; 
Cic. T. Q. ii. 63. PR. 



SATIRE V. 



ARGUMENT. 

The poetical and philosophical claims of Persius rest, in some measure, 
upon this poem ; and it is but justice to say that they are not ill 
supported by it. 

The Satire consists of two parts ; the first expressive of the poet's deep 
and grateful sense of the kindness of his friend and instructor, Cornutus, 
1 — 29. with a beautiful summary of the blessings derived from his 
wisdom and goodness. 30 — 64. 

The second part is a laboured and ostentatious display of our poet's pro- 
ficiency in the esoteric doctrine of the Stoic School; something must 
here be forgiven to the ardour of youth, and the vehemence of inex- 
perienced virtue. This division of the Satire is principally occupied 
with that celebrated paradox of the sect, that the wise man alone is 
essentially free; 65 sqq. and that the passions of avarice, 109 sqq. 
luxury, 142 sqq. love, 161 — 1/5. ambition, 1/6 sqq. superstition, 179 
sqq. and other passions exercise as despotic a control over their victims 
as the severest taskmaster over his slaves. It cannot be supposed that 
much new matter should be produced upon such a topic. Both Persius 
and his preceptor came too late for this ; and could only repeat, in other 
forms, what had been said a thousand times before. But there may be 
ingenuity, where there is no novelty ; and this is not wanting. 

Some amusement may be found in contrasting the sober earnestness of 
Persius, with the solemn irony of Horace. The language of both is 
much the same, and the conclusions do not greatly differ ; but the 
Stertinius of the latter, in spite of his inflexible gravity, must have pro- 
voked resistless laughter ; while the youthful poet commands respect, 
and though he may fail to convince, always secures attention. G. 



SAT. V. 



THE SATIRES OF PERSIUS. 



425 



Vatibus hie mos est, centum sibi poscere voces, 
Centum ora, et linguas optare in carmina centum : 
Fabula seu msesto ponatur hianda tragcedo, 
Vulnera seu Parthi ducentis ab inguine ferrum. 
5 " Quorsum haec ? aut quantas robusti carminis offas 
Ingeris, ut par sit centeno gutture niti? 
Grande locuturi nebulas Helicone legunto, 
Si quibus aut Procnes aut si quibus olla Thyestae 
Fervebit, ssepe insulso coenanda Glyconi. 
10 Tu neque anhelanti, coquitur dum massa camino, 



1. Homer was content with ten ; obV 
tl fioi Vixct filv yXu<r<rai, Vixu Vi trroftur 
utr II. £ 484. Hostius squared the num- 
ber at once ; non si mihi Ungues centum 
atque ora stent totidem vocesque liquatce ; 
B. 1st. ii. Macr. S. vi. 3. With this 
hyperbole succeeding poets appear to 
have rested content ; Virg. G. ii. 43. JE. 
vi. 625. vii. 37 sqq. Sil. iv. 527. Claud. 
Prob. 55 sq. not so the orators : omnia 
licet hue revocemus praterita, et ad ca- 
nendas unhis laudes, miiversorum vatum 
scriptorumque o)'a consentiant : vincet ta- 
men res ista mi lie linguas, fyc Quint. 
Decl. vi. Jin. S. Hier. Epit. Paul. init. 
Cassiod. Ep. xi. 1. PR. cf. Yirg. JE. vi. 
43 sq. M. Ov. M. viii. 532 sqq. Tr.i. 453 
sqq. F. ii. 119 sqq. K. " Non io se cento 
bocche e lingue cento Avessi e ferrea lena 
e ferrea voce, fyc." Tasso. G. 

3. Tristia mcestmn vultum verba de- 
cent ; Hor. A. P. 105 sq. PR. 

Ponatur ; i. 70, note. Quint. Inst. ii. 
3.K. 

Hianda : Juv. vi. 634 sqq. PR. Prop. 
II. xxiii. 5 sq. Much bad taste prevailed 
on the stage in these days, obi' aS txslvu 
9Tt(>i6ti; rovs bayous, fth xcti xolt uXXo <rs 
yivufsai ToTf VTroxgirciis ixuvois, at ToXXccxig 
V 'Ayafit/u,vovo( $ Kgiovroi ri xcti 'KoaxXiovs 
abrev v^oau&ov uvuXtiQo'n; , ^^uaitat rif/>- 
Qito-pivot, xcti o*tivbv (ZXitrovris , xcti (Ay a. 
xi^mora, ftixgov <p6iyyovra.t xcti itr%vb»xai 
yvvctixuhi , xcti vfii 'Exufivs »l TLe\u%tvns 
•roXu rcfruvorigov Luc. Nigr. t. i. p. 50. 
Hor. A. P. 96 sq. K. 

Tragoedus and tragicus differ as comce- 
dus and comicus ; Juv. iii. 94. PR. 

4. The Parthian wars were carried on 
under Augustus and Nero. cf. Tac. An. 
xii sq. Suet. Just. Dio. PR. aut labentis 

3 



eqno describere vulnera Parthi; Hor. II 
S. i. 15. M. cf. Ov. F. v.581 sqq. Prop. 
III. vii. 53. (BU.) K. 

Ab inguine denotes the position of the 
quiver, K. near the groin, WB. or side, 
cf. Virg. 2E. x. 589. and SV, on JE. ix. 
417- PM. ' The Parthian wounded by 
the lance of the pursuing Roman, G. 
when in the act of drawing his arrow 
from the saddle-bow :' where holsters are 
now slung. 

5 . " Those huge gobbets of robustious 
song." G. 

6. 1 That you require the support.' 
CAS. 

7. Ne, dum vitat humt/m, nubes et 
inania captet ; Hor. A. P. 230. versus 
mopes rerum, nugceque canoree; ib. 322. 
PR. 

8. Procnes; Juv. vi. 644, note. K. 
Thyestce ; Juv. vii. 73, note. SV, on 

JE. i. 572. Claud, i. 171. Hor. A. P. 91. 
K. 

9. The theatrical taste of the Romans 
must have degenerated sadly since the 
Augustan age ; when such disgusting 
exhibitions would have been exploded. 
Hor. A. P. 182—188. PR. 

Coenanda is here used for ' to be acted,' 
as forming one of the principal features 
in these tragedies : in like manner saltare 
fabulum is used ; Ov. Tr. ii. 519. Juv. 
'vi. 63. Hor. I S. v. 63. K. 

The tolerating such an unnatural 
spectacle, enacted by an ' insipid' per- 
former was a reproach to the audience. 
G. 

40. Juv. vii. Ill, note. K. a nostris 
procul est omnis vesica libellis, musa nec 
insano syrmate nostra tumet; Mart. IV. 
xlix. 7 sq. PR. 

I 



426 



THE SATIRES 



S AT. V. 



Folle premis ventos ; nec clause- murmure raucus 
Nescio quid tecum grave cornicaris inepte ; 
Nec stloppo tumidas intendis rumpere buccas. 
Verba togae sequeris, junctura callidus acri, 
15 Ore teres modico, pallentes radere mores 
Doctus et ingenue- culpam defigere ludo. 
Hinc trahe, quae dicas; mensasque relinque Mycenis 

11. Cf. iii. 81, note. M. suited to compositions in a familiar style, 

12. ' Nor do you croak.' Priscian viii. as opposed to the stretch-mouthed decla- 
828. alii intra se nescio quid comicantcs mation of the heroic poets. The frequent 
tumentia verba trufinantur, fyc. S. Hier. recurrence of poetical rehearsals, and 
Ep. iv. PR. K£u%ur Arist. PI. 369, the obligation of attending them, is men- 
Schol. Virg. G. i. 389. (HY.) K. tioned not only in instances in which it 

Inepte ; Hor. A. P. 457 sq. K. might be considered as a ludicrous exag- 

13. Stloppus is the sound made by in- geration, but seriously by Pliny, among 
flating the cheeks to their utmost extent, others, as one of the main inconveniences 
and then forcibly expelling the air by attendant upon a residence in Rome, 
striking them together with the hands. An occupation which took up so much 
PR. of the leisure of a refined and fastidious 

14. Verba togee. This phrase must people must have given rise to a variety 
have signified 'the language of good of phrases such as that of which Persius 
society at Rome,' as distinguished from here makes use. FRE. cf. Hor. A. P. 
that of the populace, (tunicatuspopcllus,) 323. CAS. V. Flac. ii. 242. (BU.) K. 
and from that of the provinces and a plena quondam oratio, et tamen teres ac 
great part of Italy, where " none as- tenuis, at rum sine ncrvis ac viribus ; Cic. 
sumed the toga but the dead." The toga Or. iii. 197. PR. not like the specimen 
had fallen into general disuse among the in i. 98 — 102. M. 

lower orders in the days of Augustus, Pallentes may allude to the effects of a 
and from his reign to the age in which guilty conscience : nil conscire sibi, nulla 
Persius lived, there was sufficient time pallescere culpa; Hor. I Ep. i. 61. LU. 
for the invention of a term so obvious. Juv. i. 165 sqq. K. Or the images and ex- 
The phrase in question was not coined presSion may be taken from the spectacles 
by Persius himself, but owed its origin of the circus. Radere means to graze 
to some one of the innumerable dicaccs with adart or other missile weapon,which 
et urbani who had preceded him ; he accounts for pallentes ; and as the ludi 
employed it as a well known and fami- gladiatorii and the venationes of the Cir- 
liar expression. FRE. cus were considered as degrading to those 

Notion si callida verbum reddiderit who exhibited themselves, the poet, in 
junctura novum ; Hor. A. P. 47 sq. cal- applying the metaphor to himself, takes 
lidus, 1 workmanly,' is there used (as it is care to qualify the word Indus by the 
by Persius) in strict conformity to the epithet of ingenuus ' gentlemanly.' The 
metaphor ; (cf. i. 64, note.) aeris junctura games of the Circus, likewise, must have 
may be understood to signify what a furnished a large supply of phrases to the 
workman might call ' a sharp joint,' conversational dialect of a people among 
meaning one that was close and accurate, whom they were considered as an object 
We may conclude that the expression of interest, second only to the immediate 
used by Persius, like those of Horace, necessaries of life, pane?netcircenses. The 
was familiar and usual in his time, that association of ideas between a satirist re- 
it had its origin in the manufactory and citing, and an armed man in a menacing 
the shop, and was from thence trans- attitude, is not peculiar to Persius, it 
ferred into the phraseology of the higher occurs in Juvenal, ense velut stricto 
orders as indicative of elaborate accu- quoties Lucilius ardet; i. 165. The ap- 
racy, either in literature or upholstery, parent confusion of metaphors in this 
FRE. passage is a strong proof that it consists 

15. Ore teres modico is descriptive of of terms in familiar use. FRE. 
the natural and easy mode of recitation 17. Respicere exemplar vital morumque 



SAT. V. 



OF PERSIUS. 



427 



Cum capite et pedibus, plebeiaque prandia noris." 
Non equidem hoc studeo, bullatis ut mihi nugis 

20 Pagina turgescat dare pondus idonea fumo ; 

Secreti loquimur. Tibi nunc, hortante Camena, 
Excutienda damus proscordia ; quantaque nostras 
Pars tua sit, Cornute, animee, tibi, dulcis amice, 
Ostendisse juvat. Pulsa, dignoscere cautus 

25 Quid solidum crepet et pictse tectoria linguae. 
Hie ego centenas ausim deposcere voces, 
Ut, quantum mihi te sinuoso in pectore fixi, 
Voce traham pura totumque hoc verba resignent, 
Quod latet arcana non enarrabile fibra. 



jubebo doctum imitatorem et veras hinc 
ducere voces; Hor. A. P. 317 sq. K. 

18. ' The head and feet' were re- 
served to show Thyestes, on what he had 
been banqueting, demidat artus dims 
atque ossa ampidat; tantum ova servat et 
datas fidei mantes; Sen. Thy. PR. Her. 
i. 119, notes. 

1 Familiarize yourself with every-day 
dinners.' 

19. 4 Inflated frothy nothings.' am- 
pullas et sesquipedalia verba; Hor. A. P. 
97. PR. " Air-blown trifles." G. 

20. 1 The page' is put for its contents. 
Prop. II. xvii. 1. inque libellis crevisset 
sine te pagina nidla meis; Ov. Tr. V. ix. 
3 sq. Mart. IX. lxxviii. 2. K. 

Nugis addere pondus ; Hor. I Ep. xix. 
42. M. 

21. i You are not to suppose that what 
I am about to say is dictated either by 
flattery or a love of display : for we are 
enjoying a snug tete-a-tete.' LU. 

22. Explicandus est animus, et quce- 
cumque apud ilium deposita sunt, subinde 
excuti debent; Sen. Ep. 72. K. i To be 
thoroughly sifted :' but cf. 27 sq, notes. 

Prcecordia: xviyai (Atv rot. (pgsvuv l^ia> 
xiatT iv pv^M- Theoc. xxix. 3. K. 

23. This sentiment is borrowed from 
Pythagoras, who said a friend was " an- 
other self." Horace calls Yirgil, animee 
dimidiummece; I Od. iii. 8. VS. Orestes 
and Pylades duo corporibus, mentibus 
unus erant; Ov. Tr. IV. iv. 72. S. Aug. 
Conf. iv. 6. Hence the expression 
<TUfi-$v%'tu, used by Greg. Naz. PR. The 
same idea is constantly occurring both 
in heathen and in Christian writers : as 
Hor. II Od. xvii. 5 sqq. Ov. Pont. III. 



iv. 69. Stat. S. III. ii. 7 sq. Luc. Tox. 
t. ii. p. 558. K. Ov. Her. x. 58. xviii. 
125 sq. M. viii. 406. Maxim. El. ii. 1 
sq. v. 117 sq. D. Chrys. Or. iii. 56. S. 
Hier. Ep. i. xv. M. Fel. i. p. 20. Lact. 
de M. Pers. viii. Clem. Rom. Ep. Cor. 
ii. 12. and that beautiful picture of per- 
fect friendship which is described in Acts 
iv. 32. 

Annceus Cormdus was banished by 
Nero, in the fourth year after the death 
of his pupil. LU. 

24. Pulsa : a metaphor from earthen- 
ware, which will not ring, when struck, 
if there is any flaw in it. LU. cf. iii. 21. 
M. Auson. Id. xvi. 12 sqq. K. 

25. i The thin varnish of the painted 
tongue.' LU. cf. Juv. vi. 467. 

Res est (i. e. the Holy Scripture) solida 
et sincera, non fucata eloquia, nec ullo 
linguce tectorio inane aliquid ac pendidum 
crepitat; S. Aug. to Volus. PR. Com- 
pare St Matthew xxiii. 27. M. 

26. Persius intimates, to borrow the 
words of Cicero, omni officio ac potius 
pietate erga C omnium, etsi aliis satis- 
faceret omnibus, at ipsum sibi numquam 
satisfacere; Ep. i. 1. to Lentulus. 
PR. 

27. ' Full of folds :' a metaphor from 
a gown. K. 

28. 1 I may draw forth' from those 
folds. K. 

Pura opposed to picta: LU, 1 guile- 
less.' M. 

i May unseal,' PR. 1 and unfold for 
your perusal, more than my words can 
express.' 

29. Fibra: i. 47. PR. Luc. ii. 285 
sq. Sil. i. 140. K. 



428 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. V. 



30 Quum primum pavido custos mihi purpura cessit 
Bullaque succinctis Laribus donata pependit ; 
Quum blandi comites, totaque impune Subura 
Permisit sparsisse oculos jam candidus umbo : 
Quumque iter ambiguum est et vitse nescius error 

35 Diducit trepidas ramosa in compita mentes, 
Me tibi supposui. Teneros tu suscipis annos 



30. Boys might feel ' timid' (Juv. xvi. 
3. M.) at first laying aside the dress of 
their early years, and assuming the garb 
of manhood. LTJ. Cat. lxviii. 15 sqq. Ov. 
Tr. IV. x. 2/ sqq. Prop. III. xiii. 3 sqq. 

The prcetexta was intended to he 4 a 
protection' to those who wore it. CAS. 
(Macr. S. i. 6. SCH. Plin. ix. 36. prce- 
texta infirmitateru pueritice sacram fieri et 
venerabilem, non secus ac sacerdutes ves- 
tibus suis; Quint. Decl. 340. cf. iiuberbis 
juvenis tandem custode remoto; Hor. A. 
P. 161. PR.) In the general corrup- 
tion of manners, however, its sacred cha- 
racter was utterly disregarded. Cic. Cat. 
ii. 2. 10. Phil. ii. 18. Juv. x. 308. 
Mart. seep. For better security the boys 
were always accompanied to and from 
school by a pedagogue. Hor. I S. vi. 
81 sqq, Juv. x. 114 sqq. Mart. XI. xl. 
cf. Prop. II. iii. 10 sq. Petr. 85. V. 
Max. iii. 1. iv. 1. Plin. Ep. iii. 3. K. 
per hoc inane purpura; decusprecor; Hor. 
Ep. v. 7. JDN. 

31. Bulla; Juv. v. 164, note. PR. 
Petr. 60. K. Boys consecrated their 
bulla, as girls did their dolls : cf. ii. 70, 
note. A, v. 18. PR. This dedication 
was a private ceremony ; the putting on 
of the toga was a public one. If the 
latter was performed at Home, the youths 
repaired immediately afterwards to some 
temple (generally to the Capitol) to 
complete the ceremony by offering the 
customary sacrifices. Being an act of 
great solemnity, it frequently formed, 
among the youths who changed their 
gown at the same time, a bond of fellow- 
ship which subsisted unbroken through 
life. G. Hor. I Od. xxxvi. 9. 

Succinctis. cf. cinctutis; Hor. A. P. 
50. These domestic deities, who were 
rather regarded as palladia or amulets 
than as gods of power, were probably 
represented in the same homely garb 
which they wore before Rome became a 
city. A kind of affectionate home-bred 



superstition forbade all attempts at inno- 
vation in their costume. G. They were 
dressed, after the Gabinian fashion, with 
their toga twisted over the left shoulder, 
leaving the right arm bare. VS. cf. Ov. 
F. v. 129 sq. (BU.) Prop. IV. i. 131. 
(BK. VU.) K. 

32. ' When I had indulgent com- 
panions, who would let me go my own 
way ; instead of an uncle to thwart me 
and a pedagogue to curb me.' PR. M. 

Subura; Juv. iii. 5, note. PR. Anth. 
L. t. ii. Ep. xli. p. 514. (BU.) K. 

33. Ov. E. iii. 7 71 —778. K. postquam 
execssit ex ephebis, liberius vivendi fuit 
pofestas : antea vero cetas, metus, magister 
prohibebaut; Ter. And. I. i. 24 sqq. 
oculi sunt in amore duces; Ov. PR. 
Their white gown, having the gloss of 
newness on this momentous occasion, 
would be candidus. G. 

The toga was so arranged as to be 
gathered into many plaits on the left 
shoulder ; the centre, where all these 
folds met, was called the umbo or ' boss.' 
CAS. T. cf. Tert. de Pall. p. 373 sqq. 
palla nigerrima, splcndescens atro nitore, 
quce circumcirca remeans, et sub dextrum 
lotus ad humerum Icevum reeurrens, um- 
b 7i is vie em dejecta parte lacinice multi- 
plici contabulatione dependula; Apul. xi. 
LI. From this boss, the extremity of 
the lappet fell down before, and was 
tucked into the girdle, forming the 
sinus, (an apology for a pocket,) in 
which papers and other light articles 
were carried ; and it is far from impro- 
bable that some affected display was 
made of it, in the pride of recent man- 
hood. G. 

34. Cf. iii. 56, note. PR. Juv. ii. 20, 

note. 

35. Ot vioi rot n6vt tlaiv ivfnrdfi»X$r 

Arist. Rh. II. xiv. 2. 

Ramosa: cf. Aus. Id. xv. PR. 

36. The metaphor may be taken from 
an animal placing its neck under the 
yoke j Ov. Am. III. x. 13. or from a 



SAT. V. 



OF PERSIUS. 



429 



Socratico, Cornute, sinu. Tunc fallere solers 

Apposita intortos extendit regula mores 

Et premitur ratione animus vincique laborat 

40 Artificemque tuo ducit sub pollice vultum. 
Tecum etenim longos memini consumere soles 
Et tecum primas epulis decerpere noctes. 
Unum opus et requiem pariter disponimus ambo 
Atque verecunda laxamus seria mensa. 

45 Non equidem hoc dubites, amborum fcedere certo 
Consentire dies et ab uno sidere duci. 



calf sucking : Yarr. R,. R. Y. ii. 5. 17. 
K. 

37. The Stoics traced their philosophy 
from Socrates by the following line of 
succession : (1) Socrates, (2) Antis- 
thenes, (3) Diogenes, (4) Crates, (5) 
Zeno, (6) Cleanthes, (7) Chrysippus : 
cf. Plut. Laert. Cic. PR. vade, hos 
pater no, ut genitor, excipiam sinu; Sen. 
Med. 384. Socratica fide ; Petr. 129. cf. 
Quint, i. 9. ii. 2. K. 

' You corrected me with such skill 
and address, that I insensibly amended : 
so gradually was your discipline re- 
vealed, that I was "happily cheated, as 
it were, into reformation.' CAS. M. 
Hor. I Ep. xvii. 10. K. cf. Lucr. i. 
935 — 949. " Cosi all' egro fanciid por- 
giamo, aspersi Di soave licor, gli orli 
del vaso : Succhi amari, ingannato, in- 
tanto ei beve, E dalV inganno suo vita 
riceve Tasso, G-. L. I. iii. 

38. A metaphor from workmen. SCH. 
' Extends,' and consequently * straight- 
ens.' PR. 

39. Animum rege ; qui, nisiparet, im- 
perat : hunc frenis, hunc tu compesce 
catena ; Hor. I Ep. ii. 62 sq. homo cum 
animo inde ab meunte estate depugnat 
suo . . . tu si animum vicisti potius, quam 
animus te, est quod gaudeas ; Plaut. Trin. 
II. ii. 24 &c. cf. Cic. Off. i. 28, fin. 
ejficiendum est autem, ut appetitus rationi 
obedia?it, SfC. ib. 29. As the horse is 
broken in by the rider, so is the mind to 
be managed by reason ; Plato. PR. 
Virg. JE. viii. 81. (HY.) Prop. II. i. 
10. Arist. R. 868. K. The imperfect 
habit of continence is here pictured : 
where the passions are not yet brought 
to acquiesce without reluctance in the 
supremacy of reason, as is the case in the 
perfect character of temperance, cf. 



Arist. Eth. vii. (where he treats of self- 
control,) and i. 13. 

40. Artificem sometimes signifies 1 a 
finished piece of workmanship.' Ov. A. 
A. iii. 555 sq. Y. Flac. vi. 465. cf. Prop. 
I.ii. 8. (BU.) Id. II. xxiii. 8. (BK.) K. 

Juv. vii. 237 sq, notes. PR. Stat. S. 
IY. vi. 27. K. 

41. Scepe ego longos cantando puerum 
memini me condere soles; Yirg. E. ix. 
51 sq. PR. Id. M. iii. 203. Nemes. Ec. 
ii. 25. ^El. Y. H. xiii. 1. K. 

42. By ' the first nights,' is meant 
1 the first part of the night' i. e. 1 an 
hour or two after sunset. 5 SCH. u Of 
the night Have borrow'd the first hours, 
feasting with thee On the choice dain- 
ties of philosophy." HO. 

Decerpere is contrasted with consu- 
mere. K. 

43. Omnibus una quies operum, labor 
omnibus idem; Yirg. G. iv. 184. PR. 

44. Cf. Athen. Macr. vii. 1. Gell. 
xiii. 11. PR. There seems to be a pe- 
culiar beauty in Persius's talking all 
along in the present tense : he recol- 
lected with so much pleasure those days 
which were past, that he seemed to live 
them over again. DN. 

45. Fcedere certo \ Virg. JE. i. 62. 
Sil. xv. 75. K. magnuserit Geminisamor 
et concordia duplex ; quosque dabunt 
Chelae et quos dat Aquarius ortus,unum 
pectus habentifideiqi.ee immobile vinclum ; 
Man. ii. PR. It was believed that this 
unanimity did not subsist between such 
as were born under every sign, at quibus 
in lucem Pisces venientibus adsunt, his 
non una manet semper sententia cordi ; 
commutant animos inter dum et foedera 
rumpunt ac repetunt', Manil. ii. MAR. 

46. Scit Genius natal e comes qui tem- 
perat astrum; Hor. II Ep. ii. 187* 



430 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. V. 



Nostra vel aequali suspendit tempora Libra 

Parca tenax veri, seu nata fidelibus hora 

Dividit in Geminos Concordia fata duorum 
50 Saturnumque gravem nostro Jove frangimus una : 

Nescio quod, certe est, quod me tibi temperat, astrum. 
Mille hominum species et rerum discolor usus : 

Velle suum cuique est nec voto vivitur uno. 

Mercibus hie Italis mutat sub sole recenti 
55 Rugosum piper et pallentis grana cumini : 

Hie satur irriguo mavult turgescere somno : 



Mar. sic placitum Pare is seu Libra 
sen me Scorpios adspicitformidolosus,pars 
violentior nata/is horae seu tyrannus 
Hesperian Capricornus unda ; utrumque 
nostrum incredibili modo consent it as- 
trum; te Jovis impio tutela Satur no 
refulgens eripuit, §c. Hor. II Od. xvii. 
15 sqq. {J A.) VS. PR. Juv. vii. 194 
sqq, notes. K. 

47. ' The balance' is a symbol of 
equality. When the sun enters this 
sign (which is about the 20th of Septem- 
ber), the autumnal equinox commences. 
feline aquata genitus sub pondere Libra; ; 
Man. v. PR. 

48. Parca non mendax; Hor. II Od. 
xvi. 39. < The Fate' of the Stoics is 
here meant. LU. cf. Juv. iii. 27, note. 
Virg. E. iv. 47. PR. 

50. Cf. Juv. vi.569 sq, note./clicesque 
Jovis stcllas Martisque ra/xicis et grave 
Saturni sidus in omne caput ; Prop. IV. 
i. 83 sq. PR. Macr. S. i. 19. Ptol. in 
FAB, B. Gr. t. vi. 14. p. 449. Gell. xiv. 
1. Cic. Div. ii. Sext. Emp. v. Petr. 39. K. 

51. Nescio quid certe est; Virg. E. 
viii. 107. Ov. Her. xii. 212. 

Astrum is properly ' a constellation.' 
L U. 

52. Quot capita, tot sentential ; suus 
cuique mos ', Ter. Ph. II. iii. U.Cassiod. 
quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum 
millia ; Hor. II S. i. 27. VS. PR. inque 
aliis rebus mult is differre necesse est 
naturas hominum varias, moresque se- 
quaces ; Lucr. iii. 315 sq. 

53. Trahit sua quemque voluptas ; 
Virg. E. ii. 65. VS. quod tibi magnopere 
cordi est, mihi vehementer displicet ; 
Lucil. PR. cf. Ov. A. A. i. 759 sq. Hor. 
I Od. i. and I S. iv. 25 sqq. K. 

54. Hie mutat merces surgente a sole 



ad eum quo vespertina tepet regio ; Hor. I 
S. iv. 29 sq. VS. impiger extremos currit 
mercator ad Indos ; I Ep. i. 45. The 
wor&mutat properly belonged to aperiod, 
when commerce consisted in barter. 
utinam (alum e vita posset abdicari aurum, 
sacra fames, ad pemiciem vita repertum. 
quantum feliciore avo, quum res ipsa 
permutabantur inter se, sicutet Trojanis 
temporibus factitatum, Homero credi 
convenit. ita enim, tit opinor, commercia 
victus gratia inventa, fyc. Plin. xxxiii. I, 
The invention of commerce is attributed 
to the Phoenicians ; Id. vii. 56. A, iv. 
15. PR. cf. Ar. Eth. v. 5. 

55. Ha (i. e. the pods of 1 pepper,') 
priusquam dehiscant decerpta* tostaque 
sole, faciunt quod vocatur piper longum ; 
paullatim vero dehiscentes maturitate, 
ostendumt candidum piper; quod deinde 
tostum solibus colore rugisque mutat ur ; 
Plin. H. N. xii. 7 s 14. and again, qua 
piper gignunt juniperis nostris similes ; 
ib. PR. v. 136. Juv. xiv. 293. ' The 
cumin,' which is a mere dwarf in our 
gardens, grows to the height of eight or 
nine feet in hot countries. It is much 
cultivated by the Maltese, with whom 
it forms an article of commerce. DD. 
It seems to have been used at common 
tables as a substitute for ' pepper,' 
which was very expensive. G. cuminum 
pallorem bibentibus gignit. ita certe fcrunt 
Porcii Latronis, clari inter magistros 
dicendi, affectatores similitudinem color is 
studiis contracti iinitatos, fyc. Plin. xx. 
14 s 57. xix. s 47. xv. 29. quod si pallerem 
casu biberent e xsangue etiminum ; 
Hor. I Ep. xix. 17 sq. PR. K. 

56. Fessos sopor irrigat artus; Virg. 
M. iii. 511. ib. i. 691. (HY.) Lucr. iv. 
908. The metaphor is taken from plants 



SAT. V. 



OF PERSIUS. 



431 



Hie campo indulget : hunc alea decoquit : ille 

In Venerem est putris : sed quum lapidosa chiragra 

Fregerit articulos, veteris ramalia fagi, 

60 Tunc crassos translsse dies lucemque palustrem, 
Et sibi jam seri vitam ingemuere relictam. 

At te nocturnis juvat impallescere chartis. 
Cultor enim juvenum purgatas inseris aures 
Fruge Cleanthea. Petite hinc, juvenesque senesque, 

65 Finem animo certum miserisque viatica canis. 



which become more succulent from fre- 
quent watering. CAS. cf. Tib. II. i. 44. 
Hence also obesus somnus; Sulpicia 56. 
K. 

57. The Campus Martius ; Hor. I Od. 
viii. 4. Suet. Aug. 83. K. 

Decoquit is a metaphor from a liquor 
which is boiled quite away. CAS. quern 
damnosa Venus, quern prceceps alea nu- 
dat; Hor. I Ep. xviii. 21. PR. 1 boils 
to rags.' 

58. i Wanton.' omnes in Damalim 
p litres deponent ocidos; Hor. I Od. 
xxxvi. 17 sq. (J A.) PR. vivunt in Vene- 
rem; Claud, x. 65. K. 

Lapidosa 1 full of chalk-stones.' LTJ. 
nodosa; Hor. I Ep. i. 31. PR. 

Chiragra, h Sly get rnt x> u & : ^ > ^* 
when it affected the feet, it was called 
podagra. LTJ. 

59. Postquam illis justa chiragra con- 
tudit articulos; Hor. II S. vii. 16 sq. 
PR. 

Ramalia; cf. i. 97. M. The dead 
branches i of the beech' very soon decay. 
Pallad. Nov. xv. 2. Plin. H. N. xvii. s 
79. K. 

60. ' Of gross sensuality.' M. cf. Cic. 
for Sext. 9. K. 

i Light obscured by dense fogs/ M. 
and " All the infections that the sun 
sucks up From bogs, fens, flats Shaksp. 
Temp. II. ii. May not the allusion be 
to the ignis fatuus? the phosphorescent 
vapour arising from marshes, (commonly 
called Jack o' lantern or Will o' the 
Wisp,) which " Bewitches And leads 
men into pools and ditches;" Butler 
Hud. I. i. 510. fio'gfiogev <ro\uv xa,) ffxug 
atlmv Arist. R. 145 sq. 

61. 1 The life they have forsaken :' 
DN. ' the main end and object of their 
past life, which has been wholly thrown 
away and abandoned by them.' cf. iii. 



38. G. u Anger and grief doe then be- 
gin a strife Within them, for their base 
and durtie life Now spent : when now, 
but now too late, they looke Upon the 
life they wretchedly forsooke." 110. 

62. Vos exemplar ia Grceca nocturna 
versatemanu, versate diurna; Hor. A. P. 
268 sq. LTJ. 

63. Quod enim munusreipublicceafferre 
majus meliusve possumus, quam si docea- 
mus atque erudiamus juventutem? Cic. 
Div. ii. 4. cidtura animi philosophia est, 
qua extrahit vitia radicitus, etprceparat 
animosadsatus accipiendos, eaque mandat 
eis et (lit ita dicam) serit, qua adulta 
fructus uberrimos ferant; Id. T. Q. ii. 
13. nemo adeo ferus est ut non mitescere 
possit, si modo cultures patientem commo- 
det aurem. virtus est vitium fugere et 
sapientia prima stultitia caruisse; Hor. 
I Ep. i. 39 sqq. PR. 

64. ' Of Cleanthes,'the son of Phanes. 
LTJ. cf. Laert. vii. 174. (MEN.) Cic. 
N. D. i. 37. V. Max. viii. 7. PR. Cic. 
Ac. iv. 41. Claud, xvii. 87 sq. He was 
the preceptor of Chrysippus. K. Juv. ii. 
7, note. 

jEque pauperibus proclest, locupletibus 
ceque; aque neglectum pueris senibusque 
nocebit; Hor. I Ep. i. 25 sq. PR. 

65. Certum voto pete finem; Hor. I 
Ep. ii. 56. LTJ. 2s7 ol<!fav<rot rov ^vvdfavos 
Xyv xetra, <r«v abrou <7f^oa.'tQiaiv Oicrdai nvee. 

ffXOvbv VoZ XUXCOS ^WV. ?T£0? 0V UrfofiXiTrcdV 

vroiyifftrui 'Va.ifa.i <ra.$ wgd%n$, di{ to yi pi} 

ffvvvii woXXm ffny,ilav %arf Arist. Eth. 
Eud. ii. vita sine scopo vaga. scire debet, 
quid petat ille, qui sagittam vult mittere, 
et tunc dirigere et moderari telum ; em-ant 
consilia nostra, quia non habent, quo diri- 
gantur; Sen. Ep. 71. K. 

Animo is the dative. K. 

Bias used to say that ' virtue was the 



432 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. V. 



" Cras hoc fiet." Idem eras fiet. " Quid ? quasi magnum, 
Nempe diem donas." Sed quum lux altera venit, 
Jam cras hesternum consumsimus. Ecce aliud cras 
Egerit hos annos et semper paullum erit ultra. 
70 Nam quamvis prope te, quamvis temone sub uno 
Vertentem sese frustra sectabere canthum, 
Quum rota posterior curras et in axe secundo. 

Libertate opus est, non hac, qua, ut quisque Velina 



best provision for life's journey:' LU. 
Laert. i. aptissima omnino sunt arma 
senectutis, artes exercitationesque virtu- 
tum quae in omni estate cultaz, cum mtiltum 
diuque vixeris mirijicos afferunt fructus, 
non solum quia numquam deserunt, ne 
extremo quidem tempore cetatis (quamquam 
id maximum est) verum ctiam quia con- 
scientia bene acta vita, multorumque 
benefactorum recordatio jucundissima est; 
Cic. Sen. 9. PR. 

i Miserable' would they be without 
such provision. LU. 

66. Cf. S. Aug. Conf. viii. 10 sq. cras 
te victurum, cras dicis, Postume, semper; 
die mihi, cras istud, Postume, quando 
venit? quam longe cras istud? ubi est? 
aid unde petendum? numquid apud Par- 
t/ws Armeniosqt/e latet? jam cras istud 
habct Priami vel Nestoris annos. cras istud 
quanti die mihi, possit emi? eras vives: 
hodiejam vivcre, Postume, serum est. Hie 
sapit,quisquis, Postume, vixit fieri; Mart. 
V . lviii. PR. qui non est /iodic, cras minus 
aptus erit; Ov. R. A. 94. CAS. " Be 
wise to day, 'tis madness to defer: Next 
day the fatal precedent will plead. Thus 
on, till wisdom is push'd out of life. 
Procrastination is the thief of time 5 
Year after year it steals, till all are fled, 
And to the mercies of a moment leaves 
The vast concerns of an eternal scene 
Young, N. Th. i. DN. " To-morrow, 
and to-morrow, and to-morrow, Creeps, 
in this petty pace from day to day, 
To the last syllable of recorded time ; 
And all our yesterdays have lighted 
fools The way to dusty death Shaksp. 
Macb. V. v. M. " To-morrow didst 
thou say ! Methought I heard Horatio 
say To-morrow! Go to — I will not 
hear of it: &c." Cotton. Cowley 
has translated the text thus : " Our 
yesterday's to-morrow now is gone, 
And still a new to-morrow does come 
on. We by to-morrows draw out all our 



store, Till the exhausted well can yield 
no more." 

69. Egerit, not from agere, but from 
egerere ; CAS. 1 consumes, exhausts.' M. 
tota querelis egerit ur quest uque dies; V. 
Flac. viii. 453 sq. K. truditur dies die 
novceque pergunt inter ire lunoe; Hor. II 
Od. xviii. 15 sq, PR. 

70. The terno is 1 tbe perch,' its con- 
tinuation forms the pole; to the ex- 
tremity of which is attached the yoke. 
The opposite end is connected at right 
angles to ' the hind axle,' parallel to 
which, where the perch and pole meet, is 
the fore axle. 

71. Canthus 1 the felloe:' a word, 
which Quintilian objects to as a bar- 
barism, being either an African or 
Spanish word. i. 3. 5. (BU.) [One of those 
words, in all probability, which were 
domesticated in Spain, owing to its long 
subjection to Carthage: as we find in 
the modern language many remains of 
the Arabic, which were engrafted on it 
during the dominion of the Moora : see 
Weston's Treatise on this subject] in- 
ducenda rota est, das nobis idile munus. 
iste trorhns pucris, at mihi canthus erit; 
Mart. XIV. clxvih. PR. a.vrvZ' Horn. E 
728. A\ « the tire of the wheel.' LU. 
The Greek word has probably a com- 
mon origin. 

72. Cf. Virg. M. i. 156. (HY.) Hor. 
I Ep. ii. 41 sqq. Ov. M. xv. 179 sqq. 
K. 

It was said of a naval officer, who was 
notorious through life for being behind- 
hand in executing his duties and per- 
forming his engagements, that he had 
let a day slip by him when he was a 
midshipman, and had never since been 
able to overtake it. 

73. He proceeds to expatiate on the 
favourite dogma of the Stoics, libertate 
opus est ad virtidem, inquit Persius, non 
ed qua servi donantur et ascribuntur uni 



SAT. V. 



OF PERSIUS. 



433 



Publius emeruit, scabiosum tesserula far 
75 Possidet. Heu steriles veri, quibus una Quiritem 
Vertigo facit ! Hie Dama est non tressis agaso, 
Vappa et lippus et in tenui farragine mendax : 
Verterit hunc dominus, momento turbinis exit 
Marcus Dama. Papse ! Marco spondente, recusas 
80 Credere tu nummos ? Marco sub judice palles. 
Marcus dixit : ita est. Adsigna, Marce, tabellas. 
Hsec mera libertas ; hoc nobis pilea donant. 
" An quisquam est alius liber, nisi ducere vitam 



tribuum, puta Velince; Tert. de Besur. 
PR. cf. Hor. II Od. ii. 9 sqq. philo- 
sophies servias oportet, ut tibi contingat 
vera libertas. non differtur in diem, qui se 
illi subjecit et tradidit, statimque circum- 
agitur. hoc enirn ipsum philosophic servire 
libertas est; Sen. Ep. 8. Plin. Ep. VII. 
xvi. 4. K. Juv. ii. 77, note. Compare 
that expression in the second morning 
collect : " O God, whose service is per- 
fect freedom." 

"When a slave was manumitted, he 
was enrolled in one of the tribes, and 
thereupon received a tally. VS. Juv. vii. 
174, note. M. cf. Plin. xvi. 18. PR. 
Sen. Ben. iv. 28. K. 

74. The prcenomen (Publius) was given 
after the patron who manumitted the 
slave ; this and the addition of the name 
of the tribe, Velina (which is in the abla- 
tive case), designate a free citizen. LU. 
Velina was one of the country tribes. K. 
cf. Juv. v. 127. 

Emeruit. The metaphor is taken from 
the military, when they had served their 
time ; PR. and is also applied to gladia- 
tors ; cf. Juv. vi. 113. M. By the Norban 
Law (which was passed A. U. 771.) 
there were three modes of obtaining ple- 
nary liberty (1) by the prsetor's wand, 
(2) by the census, (3) by will and testa- 
ment. K. cf. AD. 

A slur is thrown on the liberty, which 
the enfranchised slave acquires, by the 
terms scabiosum [from which our word 
shabby is perhaps derived] ' smutty' or 
1 scurvy,' and tesserula i paltry ticket.' 

a. 

75. Quiritemisnsedi by poetical license: 
properly it is only a plural noun. VS. 
Juv. viii. 47. G. 

76. ' One twirl :' the master, at the 
same time, addressing him to the follow - 

3 



irtg effect, " liber esto, atque ito quo 
voles!" Plaut. Men. V. vii. 40. PR. 

Dama w r as a slave's name : prodis ex 
judice Dama turpis; Hor. II S. vii. 54. 
PR. 

' Not a three-penny groom,' or ' a 
two-penny half-penny groom.' 

77. Vappa 1 dead wine,' 1 one half 
knave and one half fool.' Hor. I S. i. 
103 sq. PR. 

Lippus; ii. 72. note. M. 

'Not to be trusted with a feed of 
beans.' LU. farrago est, quod ex pluribus 
satis, pabulicausa,daturjumentis; Festus ; 
Plin. xviii. 16. Virg. G.iii. 205 sq. PR. 
1 meslin.'lf. Owing to the frequentoccur- 
rence of this failing in the fraternity ; the 
name ostler has been humorously de- 
rived, by syncope, from oat-stealer. 

78. Exit; Hor. A. P. 22. K. 

79. Gaudent prcenomine molles auri- 
cula:; Hor. II S. v. 32. PR. 

80. Hence it appears that even freed- 
men were promoted to the bench. CAS. 
Such a man as this would be likely to 
spite a person to whom he bore a grudge. 
Hor. II S. i. 49 sqq. Juv. vii. 116, note ; 
and cf. Claud, xxiv. 100. K. 

81. hvros sQct, as was said of Pytha- 
goras. PR. cf. Cic. N. D. i. 5. < We may 
take the matter upon his ipse dixit.' 

Adsigna. Juv. viii. 142 sqq. Mart. IX. 
lxxxix. 2 sqq. K. 

82. Vult libertas did mera; Hor. I 
Ep. xviii. 8. K. 1 This is liberty in the 
bare, outward, literal sense of the word.' 
M. 

83. Marcus thinks to silence the Stoic 
by a regular syllogism. CAS. For his 
major premiss, he takes the genuine de- 
finition of liberty: est potestas vivendi 
ut veils; Cic. Par. 5. Off. i. 20. iV«v n 
tXwSt^ia \\ovtria. avTiTi'^a.'yioii' Laert. Zen. 
K 



434 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. V. 



Cui licet, ut voluit ? Licet, ut volo, vivere : non sum 
85 Liberior Bruto ?" < Mendose colligis,' inquit 
Stoicus hie, aurem mordaci lotus aceto : 
c Hoc (reliqua accipio) licet, ut volo, vivere, tolle.' 
" Vindicta postquam meus a prsetore recessi, 
Cur mihi non liceat, jussit quodcumque voluntas, 
90 Excepto, si quid Masuri rubrica vetavit ?" 

Disce ! sed ira cadat naso rugosaque sanna, 
Dum veteres avias tibi de pulmone revello. 
Non praetoris erat stultis dare tenvia rerum 
Officia atque usum rapida? permittere vitae : 



ikiudigos \<rriv o £wv u; fiouXtrat' Arr. 
Epict. i. 2. 4. PR. Juv. ii. 77, note. 

84. Next follows the minor premiss : 
this the Stoic denies. SCH. 

85. Cf. Juv. v. 37, note. V. Max. v. 
8. Flor. i. 9. PR. 

86. Vinegar was used as a remedy in 
cases where persons were hard of hear- 
ing ; Cels. vi. 7. K. The Stoics were 
very acute in argument and in detecting 
fallacies. Cic. Fin. iii. 3. PR. 

87. ' I admit your proposition ; your 
assumption I deny.' LU. tu mihi qui im- 
peritas, aliis servis ?niser, atquc duceris, 
ut ncrvis alienis mobile lignum, quisnam 
igitur liber? sapiens, sibi qui imperiosus ; 
Hor. II S. vii. 81 sqq. improbos non ita 
dicunt esse servos ut mancipia qua sunt 
don/iuorum facta nexu, aid a/iquo jure 
civili: sed, si scrvitus sit, sicut est, obe- 
dienlia fracti animi ct abjecti, et arbitrio 
carentis suo, quis neget omnes leves, omnes 
cupidos, omnes deniquc uuprobos esse ser- 
vos? an die mihi liber vidcatur, cui mulier 
imperat, leges imponit, vctat quod videtur, 
$c. Cic. Par. 5. PR. Hor. II Od. ii. 18. 

88. Vindicta was the wand which the 
praetor laid on the head of the manu- 
mitted slave, when he declared him free. 
VS. AD. cf. Liv. ii. 5. PR. Ov. A. A. 
iii. 615 sq. K. Hor. II S. vii. 76. M. 
The hlow, which the slave received at 
manumission, might represent the last 
indignity he was to receive; the laying 
on of the praetor's wand was similar to 
the mode in which the king, at the 
present day, confers knighthood. 

Meus 1 my own master.' LU. Ter. 
Ph. IV. i. 21. K. 

90. Masurius Sabinus was an eminent 
lawyer in the reign of Tiberius, by whom 



he was knighted. VS. T. He was very 
clever, very honest, and very poor. Gell. 
xiv. 19. Ath. xiv. PR. Among other 
works, he left behind him three books on 
the Civil Law. K. In his old age, he 
was supported by the liberality of his 
former pupils. As he was passionately 
devoted to music ; it would seem that 
he fiddled away his clients. G. 

Rubrica; Juv. xiv. 192, note. PR. 
dicant curcondita sit lex bis sea in tabulis, 
et cur rubrica minetur ? Prud. v. G. 

91. The metaphor may be taken from 
dogs, whose anger is shown by the wrink- 
ling of their nostrils. LU. xo\k #or) fm 
xddnrur Theoc i. 18. vetu 'st adagium; 
' fames et mora bileni in nasum concient 
Plant. Amph. IV. iii. 40 sq. PR. The 
Hebrew ' anger' is derived from 

' he blew through the nostrils.' M. 
Saima ; i. 62. LU. 

92. T^ctuhm (AvQouf 1 Tim. iv. 7. 
fabellas aniles; Hor. II S. vi. 77 sq. M. 

' From your breast.' Ov. M. ix. 201 
sqq. K. The lungs were considered the 
seat of pride. CAS. 

93. Stidti omnes servi, and insaniunt 
omnes prater sapientem, were Stoical 
tenets. PR. ' The praetor cannot make 
a man wise ; therefore he cannot make 
him free.' M. 

" The nicer shades of duty." G. cf. 
Arist. Eth. ii. 6. 9. quiddeceat, quid non; 
quo virtus, quo ferat error ; Hor. A. P. 308. 
PR. 6Tt "uru. ra aftcigTfaccra, id, quod non 
licet, si nec majus nec minus umquam fieri 
potest, quoniam in eo est peccatum, si non 
licuit, quod semper unum et idem est; quce 
ex eopeccata nascuntur, cequalia sint opor- 
tet; Cic. Par. 3. K. 

94. ' And to make over to him such 



SAT. V. 



OF PERSIUS. 



435 



95 Sambucam citius caloni aptaveris alto. 

Stat contra ratio et secretam garmit in aurera, 
Ne liceat facere id, quod quis vitiabit agendo. 
Publica lex hominum naturaque continet hoc fas, 
Ut teneat vetitos inscitia debilis actus. 
100 Diluis helleborum, certo compescere puncto 
Nescius examen ? Vetat hoc natura medendi. 
Navem si poscat sibi peronatus arator 
Luciferi rudis, exclamet Melicerta perisse 



experience as may carry him safely 
down the rapid stream of life.' DN. 

95. The Sambuca was a triangular 
harp, of four strings originally, invented 
by Ibycus of Khegium. Ath. iv. 23. xiv. 
8 sq. hut it was probably much more 
ancient. Daniel iii. 5. Vitr. vi. Spart. 
Hadr. PR. Maer. S. ii. 10. (Polyb. v. 
37. GRO.) cf. Hor. I Ep. xviii. 59. II 
Ep. ii. 143 sq. K. cf. Juv. iii. 63, note. 

Calones were porters employed in the 
camp to carry wood (xxkov) and water. 
L U. xakoQogor Ath. invidet usum ligno- 
rnm tibi calo; Hor. I Ep. xiv. 41 sq. 
PR. The name was afterwards applied 
to other porters : cohors culta servorum, 
lectica formosis imposita calonibns; Sen. 
Ep. 110. K. 

The epithet alto is emphatic. LIT. 
avees o /uaxfis, was a Greek proverb. 
PM. oi a.yot.v fttydkoi fipah'iTs' Arist. 
Physiog. PR. ingens ; lyO. xvhg rgitr- 
xuifaxuiryi%vs' Theoc. xv. 17. cfc Cat. 
lxvii. 47. lxxxvi. 4. K. 

96. Ne sutor ultra crepidam : [Plin. 
xxxv. 10. V. Max. VIII. xii. extr. 
Ammian. xxviii. 1.] cf. Cic. T. Q. i. 
King Ptolemy, when he was giving his 
opinion very freely on the art of playing 
the lyre, was told by Stratonicus the 
musician that fXvxrgov and ffxtjvrrgev 
were not exactly synonymous : Ath. viii. 
10. PR. 

1 Whines :' it is properly the noise 
which a dog or a fox makes. LU. PR. 
Cat. Ixxxiii. 4. Ter. Ad. IV. ii. 17. K. 

98. ' The common law of our nature,' 
as opposed to ' the rubric of Masurius 
90. PR. 

99. < Should hold as forbidden.' CAS. 

100. ' Do you attempt to compound 
medicines, who do not understand the 
use of the balance ?' LU. statera i the 
steelyard.' VS. Petr. 35. 67. Suet. Vesp. 
25. Plin. H.N.xxxiii. 11. K. abrotonum 



cegro non audet, nisi qui didicit, dare : 
quod medicorum est, promittimt medici ; 
Hor. II Ep. i. 114 sqq. PR. 

Certo compescere puncto (I think) 
means L to bring the tongue to a state 
of quiescence, between the cheeks of the 
cavity through which it vibrates, by 
slipping the weight to a certain point 
on the graduated arm.' Thus compescere 
lucum, i. e. lucum suis finibus cohibere ; 
Festus ; and in like manner, compescere 
poptdos, impetus, dolores, iras, mores 
dissolutos, styli hcxuriantiam, lingiiam, 
&,-c. cf. F. and note on i. 6. 

102. Navim agere ignarus navis timet ; 
Hor. II Ep. i. 114. PR. 

Poscat implies presumption. K. 

Peronatus : Juv. xiv. 186, note. PR. 
The epithet is emphatic, for sailors wear 
thin and pliant shoes to give them a 
firmer footing both on deck and among 
the rigging. 

103. Luciferi 1 even of the morning 
star,' and consequently of the stars in 
general.' Ov. Tr. I. x. 13. /£. CAS. A 
knowledge of which was essential to 
navigation in those days, before the in- 
vention of the mariner's compass : Virg. 
M. iii. 512 sqq. PR. and even at pre- 
sent. In one of our trips from South- 
ampton to Guernsey, during a fine star- 
light night, a naval officer, who was one 
of the passengers on deck, observed that 
we were making fast for the Portland 
lights. The steersman was puzzled, as, 
according to the compass, the course of 
the vessel was quite correct. The cap- 
tain was called up ; and, seeing at once, 
that the lights a-head were those on the 
Portland rocks, contrary to the indica- 
tion of the compass, he observed the 
stars and immediately ascertained that 
there was something wrong. He ordered 
the quarter-deck to be instantly cleared : 
on their removing a large green parrot in 



436 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. V. 



Frontem de rebus. Tibi recto vivere talo 
105 Ars dedit? et veri speciem dignoscere calles, 

Ne qua subaerato mendosum tinniat auro ? 

Quaeque sequenda forent quaeque evitanda vicissim, 

Ilia prius creta, mox haec carbone notasti ? 

Es modicus voti ? presso lare ? dulcis amicis ? 
110 Jam nunc adstringas, jam nunc granaria laxes? 

Inque luto fixum possis transscendere numum, 

Nec glutto sorbere salivam Mercurialem? 

" Haec mea sunt, teneo," quum vere dixeris, esto 

Liberque ac sapiens, praetoribus ac Jove dextro. 
115 Sin tu, quum fueris nostrae paullo ante farinae, 

Pelliculam veterem retines et fronte politus 



its cage, which had been standing to the 
east of the compass, the needle instantly 
righted, veering round to the true point. 
The accident delayed us about two 
hours. 

Melicerta was the child of Ino, who to 
save him from the insane fury of her 
husband Athamas, king of Thebes, 
leaped with him into the sea; where 
Neptune, at the request of Venus, took 
them both into his suite, under the 
names of Leucothoe and Palsemon, G. 
CAS. or Portunus. Ov. M. iv. 311 sqq. 
Virg. G. i. 437 sq. PR. Apoll. I. viii. 2. 
K. 

104. Frontem . clamentperiissepudorem 
cunct'i ; Hor. II Ep. i. 80 sq. PR. Juv. 
xiii. 242, note. Mart. XI. xxviii. 7. K. 
ii. 43, note. 

1 To walk uprightly.' T. cadat an 
recto stet talo ; Hor. II Ep. i. 176. PR. 
talo for pede, as in Juv. vii. 16. otfi 
(Iwxi *a'r Eur. Hel. 1465. K. The 
metaphor is very common in Holy 
Scripture : as in Psalms xv. 2. lxxxiv. 
11. Proverbs x. 9. &c. M. 

105. Juv. xiv. 109, note. K. 

106. Cf. iii. 21. notes. LU. qui per 
argentum ces videt ; Petr. 56. A . 

108. Cf. ii. 1, notes. PR. Cat. xxxvii. 
10. (DCE.) Mart. XII. Ixxii. K. 

109. Cf. ii. 3, &c. si est animus tibi 
modicus, continens, ambitionis expers ; 
Plaut. PR. 

1 Is your establishment kept within 
your income ?' 

Dulcis : cf. Hor. I S. iv. 135. M. 

110. The allusion perhaps is to the 
public granaries at Rome, which were 



periodically opened for the relief of the 
poorer citizens, as well as in times of 
dearth and scarcity. M. cf. Cic. Off. i. 
14. K. o iXivSi^n; ov 'hutni on oh Ss?' ov yag 
etv trt TgdcTroi xara, t>jv i\tvh/>ior*}ref x.ou 
lis ravTtx. iveckuffu; , ovx civ t%oi it; a SeT 
avaXitrxuV Alist. Eth. iv. 1. 

111. The waggish boys at Rome used 
to stick a piece of money in the mud, 
with a string fastened to it ; and if any 
miserly fellow, coming by, stooped to 
pick it up, they jerked it away and 
laughed at him. HO. hi tr'wiis fixum 
qui se detnittit ob assern ; Hor. I Ep. 
xvi. 64. cf. II Od. ii. 23 sq. PR. ab asse 
crevit ; et paratus fuit quadrantem de 
stcrcore mordicus tollere ; Petr. 43. K. 

112. ' Without finding, like a greedy 
glutton, that your mouth waters at the 
sight of such a prize.' G. cf. ii. 44, 
note. 

113. Cf. Hor. II S. vii. 78 sqq. K. 

114. 1 "With a body enfranchised by 
the praetors, and a mind by Jove.' PR. 
Prop. III. \. 47. qua? sit libertas, quaris? 
nulli ret servire, nulli necessitatis nullis 
casibus ; fortunam in equum deducere ; 
Sen. Ep. 51. non homines timere, non 
deos ; nec turpia velle, nec nimia ; in se 
ipsum habere maximum potestatem ; ib. 
75. cf. Claud, viii. 257 sqq. K. 

115. " One of ourbatch." G. A me- 
taphor from loaves. L U. Suet. Aug. 4. 
The Stoics were not so arrogant as to 
deem themselves free and wise ; a cha- 
racter, which they looked up to, as ele- 
vated almost beyond the reach of human 
attainment. K. 

116. A metaphor from snakes, which 



SAT. V. 



OF PERSIUS. 



437 



Astutam vapido servas sub pectore vulpem, 
Quae dederam supra, repeto, funemque reduce 
Nil tibi concessit ratio: digitum exsere, peccas; 
120 Et quid tarn parvum est? Sed nullo thure litabis, 
Haereat in stultis brevis ut semuncia recti. 
Haec miscere nefas; nec, quum sis cetera fossor, 
Tres tantum ad numeros Satyri moveare Bathylli. 
" Liber ego." Unde datum hoc sumis, tot subdite rebus? 



cast their slough. CAS. Ov. M. ix. 266. 
vii. 237. Virg. Gr. iii. 425 sq. M. ii. 471 
sq. or (2) an allusion to the fahle of the 
Fox in a Lion's skin. Hor. II S. i. 62 
sq. iii. 186. I Ep. xvi. 44 sq. K. or (3) 
to Blacks who can never he washed 
white. PR. cf. Juv. xiii. 239, note. 
Fronte; cf. iv. 14. M. Juv. ii. 8. 

117. Numquam te fallant animi sub 
vulpe latentes; Hor. A. P. 437- PR. 
Claud, xviii. 145. v. 484. Pind. 01. xi. 
20 sqq. Theoc. i. 48. v. 112 sq. iXavvi- 
x/£i/v Arist. V. 1233. P. 1090. K. 

Vapido; cf. 77. M. 

118. Supra, i. e. in 113. LU. 

Repeto ' I pronounced you free, con- 
ditionally; on failure of these conditions, 
I revoke my concession.' LU. 

The metaphor is taken from animals 
or birds, which are allowed a certain de- 
gree of liberty, but at the same time 
secured by a string. If they abuse their 
liberty, they are pulled in. PR. cf. Juv. 
xii. 5, note. M. "I would have thee 
gone ; And yet no further tban a wan- 
ton's bird ; "Who lets it hop a little from 
her hand, Like a poor prisoner in his 
twisted gyves, And with a silk thread 
plucks it back again;" Shaksp. Rom. 
and Jul. II. i. G. 

119. t Whatever the preetor may have 
done, philosophy has done nothing for 
you.' M. Persius (who had the passage 
in tbe Enchiridion of Epictetus before 
him, yi <ptXoso<p!a, <pn?)v, on ovtt to* $c&- 
xtvXov ixrutuv ttxtj <x^oanKii) labours to 
prove that there is no medium between 
absolute wisdom and absolute folly ; 
from which notable position it follows 
(among other consequences) that the 
fool cannot perform the most trivial act 
without blundering egregiously. G. T. 
PR. M. auri navem everted gubernator 
an paleee, in re aliquantulum, inguberna- 
toris inscitia nihil interest. lapsa est 
libido in muliere ignota, dolor ad pauciores 



pertinet, quam sipetulans fuisset in aliqua 
generosa ac nobili virgine; peccavit vero 
nihilo minus, siquidem est peccare tam- 
quam transsilire lineas; quam longe pro- 
grediare, quum semel transsilieris, ad 
augendam culpam nihil attinet; Sen. Ep. 
66. This doctrine is attacked in Cic. 
Fin. iii. 27. for Mur. 30. Hor. I S. iii. 
96 sqq. I Ep. xvi. 55 sq. K. 

120. " Yet what so trifling ?" G. 
1 and apparently so easy ? but it is be- 
yond the power of the gods to grant.' 

Litabis ; cf. ii. 75, note. PR. 

121. ' Short' is applied in our own 
language to weight. 

122. Hcec i. e. 1 foUy and right.' K. 
Cetera a Grecism, ra aXXa. LU. 
Fossor; cf. Juv. xi. 80. M. 

123. Histrio, si paulo se movit extra 
hum e rum, aut si versus pronuneiatus 
est syllaba una brevior ant longior, exsibi- 
latur et exploditur : in vita, qua omni 
gestu moderatior, omni versu aptior esse 
debet, ut in syllaba, te peccare dices ? 
poetam non audio in nugis, in vitce socie- 
tate audiam civem, digitis peccata dime- 
tientem sua ? fyc. Cic. Par. 3. CAS. Virg. 
E. vi. 27. Prop. II. xviii. 16. cf. Mart. 
XI. lxxxv. 3 sq. Ov. Am. II. iv. 29. 
K. 

' Of Bathyllus dancing the Satyr.' cf. 
Virg. E. v. 73. Hor. A. P. 221. II Ep. 
ii. 125. PR. I S. v. 63. 

Movere 1 to dance.' Hor. A. P. 232. 
PR. I S. ix. 24. Ill Od. vi. 21. Ov. 
A. A. iii. 350. K. 

Bathullus ; cf. Juv. vi. 63, note. Ath. 
i. 17. PR. 

124. Dama maintains his conclusion, 
notwithstanding the overthrow of his 
premisses. " liber, liber sum!" Hor. II 
S. vii. 92. PR. 

Unde datum sentisf Hor. II S. ii. 31. 
(BY.) K. 

Tot subdite rebus ; cf. Hor. II S. vii. 
75 sqq. K. iii. 28, note. M. 



438 THE SATIRES sat. v. 

125 An dominium ignoras, nisi quern vindicta relaxat ? 
4 I, puer, et strigiles Crispini ad balnea defer !' 
Si increpuit : c Cessas nugator ?' servitium acre 
Te nihil impellit : nec quidquam extrinsecus intrat, 
Quod nervos agitet. Sed si intus et in jecore aegro 

130 Nascuntur domini, qui tu impunitior exis 

Atque hie, quern ad strigiles scutica et metus egit herilis? 

Mane piger stertis: < Surge!' inquit Avaritia: 1 eja 
Surge V Negas ? instat. 6 Surge !' inquit. " Non queo." 
* Surge!' 

" Et quid agam ?" « Rogitas ? En, saperdam advehe 
Ponto, 

135 Castoreum, stuppas, ebenum, thus, lubrica Coa; 
Tolle recens primus piper e sitiente camelo; 
Verte aliquid; jura/ " Sed Jupiter audiet." « Eheu ! 
Baro, regustatum digito terebrare salinum 



125. Cf. v. 88. PR. 

126. 1 A command from your quondam 
master, it is true, would not affect you.' 

Strigiles; Juv. iii. 263. Petr. 91. Apul. 
Flor. ii. p. 346, 27. R- Those, who went 
to the haths, took their own scrapers and 
soap. Luc. Lexiph. t. ii. p. 320. K. Suet. 
Ano;. 80. PR. 

Crispinus; Juv. i. 27, note. iv. 1 sqq. 
PR. 

127. Ter. Eun. IV. vi. 16. K. 

128. Cf. Juv. xiv. 63. K. 

129. The metaphor may he taken from 
puppets, which are moved hy strings, 
cf. Hor. II S. vii. 81 sq. Anton, ii. 3. 
vii. 3. (GA.) CAS. qui in Ugneolis homi- 
num Jigvris gcstus motet, quando filum 
membri , quodagitarisolet,trcucerit, torque- 
bitur cervix, nutabit caput f oculi vibrabiutt, 
inanns ad ministerium prcesto crunt, nec 
invenustc totus videb'itur vivere; Apul. 
dc Mun. K. or we may understand the 
words in their simple sense. PR. 

Jecore; Juv. i. 45, note. M. Plat. 
Tim. t. ix. p. 389. K. 

130. Qui tu impunitior ? Hor. II S. 
vii. 105. PR. 

131. Spectator No. 55. 

132. The power of idleness and sloth, 
when indulged, is finely described in 
Proverbs v. 9sq. xxii. 13. xxvi. 13 sq. M. 

133. Surge; cf. Arist. PL 539. 

134. The sapcrda was a common sort 
of fish, Ath. iii. 30. PR. of which the 



best were those caught in the Mseotic 
gulf. LU. 

135. Castoreum; cf. Juv. xii. 34 sqq. 
PR. 

Sola India nigrum fcrt ebenum, solis 
est lb urea virga Sabais; Virg. G. ii. 
116 sq. PR. 

" Coan wines," D. were of a laxative 
quality. LU. si dura morabitur alvus } 
mytilus et viles pellcnt obstantia concha et 
lapathi brevis herba, sed albo non sine 
Coo; Hor. II S. iv. 27 sqq. PR. Plin. 
H. N. xxvii. s 27. ALL V. H. xii. 31. K. 

136. Cave ne port us occupet alter, ne 
Cibi/ratica, ne Bithyna ncgotia pcrdas ; 
Hor. I Ep. vi. 32 sq. PR. 

Sitiente 1 just arrived at Alexandria 
from its journey over the desart.' K. cf. 
Plin. viii. 18. PR. 

137. ' Turn a penny : swear through 
thick and thin.' DN. cf. Cic. Off. iii. 
fin. PR. 

Jupiter audiet: cf. Juv. xiii. 75. K. 

138. Baro is a Gallic word and de- 
notes ' a soldier's slave.' VS. Cic. Ep. 
ix. tilt. LU. Id. Div. ii.fin. PR. 

1 You will never earn salt to your 
porridge, if you make a point of keeping 
on good terms with Jove.' 

Salinum; iii. 25. Varrosalepulmentarii 
vice usos vctcres auctor est : esitdsse enim 
salcm cum pane et casco, ut proverbio ap- 
parel; Plin. xxxi. 7. Plant. Cure. IV. 
iv. 6. PR. 



SAT. V. 



OF PERSIUS. 



439 



Contentus perages, si vivere cum Jove tendis.' 

140 Jam pueris pellem succinctus et cenophorum aptas : 
" Ocius ad navem !" Nihil obstat, quin trabe vasta 
iEgaeum rapias, nisi solers Luxuria ante 
Seductum moneat : 6 Quo deinde, insane, ruis ? quo ? 
Quid tibi vis ? calido sub pectore mascula bilis 

145 Intumuit, quam non exstinxerit urna cicutse. 
Tun -mare transsilias ? tibi, torta cannabe fulto, 
Coena sit in transtro ? Veientanumque rubellum 
Exhalet vapida laesum pice sessilis obba ? 
Quid petis, ut numi, quos hie quincunce modesto 

150 Nutrieras, pergant avidos sudare deunces? 

Indulge Genio ; carpamus dulcia : nostrum est, 



140. ' Equipped for starting, you load 
your servants with your leather port- 
manteau and your liquor-case.' T. pueri 
lasanum portantes oenophorumque ; Hor. 
I S. vi. 109. PR. Suet. Aug. 83. (CAS.) 
K. 

Succinctus; Hor. II S. vi. 107. PR. 
cf. Exodus xi. 11. 1 Kings xviii. 46. St 
Luke xii. 35. M. 

141. Trabe Cypria Myrtoum pavidus 
nauta secat mare; Hor. I Od. i. 13 sq. 
Juv. xiv. 276. M. 

142. Rapere 1 to hurry over.' Ov. F. 

iii. 867. (BIT.) Sil. i. 569 sq. (R.) Yirg. 
JE. vi. 8. (HY.) Ov. Her. xix. 74. (H.) 
Charit. p. 263. (D'O.) viamvorare; Cat. 
xxxv. 7. K. 

1 Wily Luxury.' ovrus h fJLia^et xa) 
<7fa.vras xazov IJba.tf'A.a.'Kos TguQn aXktjv cctt 
vdovris oiventr^vvras Itftvoouea,' Luc. 
Am. t. ii.p. 421. Claud, xxii. 131 sqq. K. 

143. { Taken aside as a friend and 
warned of vour danger ;' as in Juv. xii. 
57 sq. PR.' 

Deinde; Virg. JE. v. 741. (HY.) Liv. 

iv. 49. (GRO. DR.) K. 

144. Mascula bilis 1 mighty rage.' 

145. Qua poterunt umquam satis ex- 
purgare cictdce? Hor. II Ep.ii.53. CAS. 
The lathyris is here meant, which is 
called cicuta from its hollow stalk. SA. 
T. cf. Plin. H. N. xxv. 5 94. K. 

146. Cato the censor is said to have 
repented of three things : (1) having told 
his wife a secret, (2) having spent a day 
unprontahly, and (3) having gone to a 
place by sea, when he could have gone 
thither by land : Plut. according to the 



Greek adage : SaXuaaYi , zu) <rug, xct) ywn 

ftCCX.CC Tgltt.. PR. 

< Hemp.' cf. Plin. H. N. xix. * 8. K. 
Her. iv. 155. PR. 

147. ' Red Veientan wine.' LU. Mart. 
I. civ. 9. K. cf. Juv. vii. 121, note. 

148. " And while a brokerj plank 
supports your meat, And a coil'd cable 
proves your softest seat, Suck from squab 
jugs, that pitchy scents exhale, The sea- 
man's beverage, sour at once and stale !" 
G. 

Pice. cf. Plin. xiv. 1. 20. Plut. Q. 
Conv. v. 3. resinata bibis vina, Falerna 
fngis', Mart. III. lxxvii. 8. PR. 

149. The highest usury was called 
centesima, or 1 twelve per cent ;' being at 
the rate ofone sesterce monthly for every 
hundred : the next highest was deunx, 
i eleven per cent;' and so on down to 
the unciaria or 1 one per cent.' Tac. 
An. v. 16. PR. Juv. i. 40, note. 

150. Pascere numos ; Hor. I Ep. xviii. 
35. PR. nutrieras is a very appro- 
priate metaphor, if we look to the deriva- 
tion of roxof from t'iktuv 1 to bring forth.' 

151. Genio; ii. 3. PR. Ter. Ph. I. i. 
10. K. 

Dum loquimur, fugerit invida cetas : 
carpe diem ; Hor. I Od. xi. 7 sq. VS. 
The language of the Epicureans was ; 
voluptatibus, quoquo modo possumus, ser- 
viamus: brevi enim tempore nidli erimus 
omnino. ergo nullum diem, nullum tem- 
poris punctum fluere nobis sine voluptate 
patiamzcr, ne, quia ipsi quandoque perituri 
swnus, id ipstim quod vixerimus pereat ; 
Lact. PR. 



440 THE SATIRES sat. v. 

Quod vivis : cinis et manes et fabula fies. 

Vive memor leti, fugit hora : hoc, quod loquor, inde est.' 
En quid agis ? Duplici in diversum scinderis hamo ; 
155 Hunccine an hunc sequeris ? Subeas alternus oportet 

Ancipiti obsequio dominos, alternus oberres. 

Nec tu, quum obstiteris semel instantique negaris 

Parere imperio, " Rupi jam vincula," dicas. 

Nam et luctata canis nodum abripit : attamen illi, 
160 Quum fugit, a collo trahitur pars longa catenae. 



' That alone can be deemed life, 
which is devoted to me.' CAS. T. cf. Sil. 
xv. 64 sqq. K. (ilo; (iiov itrtptvos oux terr) 
(iicf is a Greek proverb. PR. or ' If you 
ever really live, it is all owing to me.' 
quod spiro et placeo, si placeo, tuuvi est; 
Hor. IV Od. iii. 24. M. 

152. Vita summa brevis spent nos vetat 
inchoare longam. jam te premet nox fabu- 
laque manes; Hor. I Od. iv. 15 sq. LU. 
Stoici usuram nobis largiuntur tamquam 
cornicibns: diu mansuros aiunt animus, 
semper negant; Cic. T. Q. i. 77. aiunt 
manereani7>ius,ecorpurequumexcesscrint, 
sed non semper; ib. 78. Therefore, if 
this line be delivered in accordance with 
the Stoical notions, it will mean ' You 
will soon die, and when your body has 
been reduced to ashes, your spirit will 
abide for a time among the shades, and 
at last you will be utterly annihilated, 
soul as well as body, so that you will 
live only in memory and in name.' cf. 
Macr. S. i. 3. Virg." JE. vi. 743. Varro 
v. PR. " Soon wilt thou glide a ghost 
for gossip's chat." BW. Prop. III. xiii. 

45. K. IV V o\'iy<k> ($£ST6JV TO Tt^TVOV 
uv%traf evru it xoCi vrtrvu %ci{tui, a,To- 
rgoTty yvcvfta, ctTtitr/^tvev. Wu(j.t(>oi' Ti it 
T/f ; ri i' oii rts ; ffxias ivug, itvS^uvof 
Pind. P. viii. 131 sqq. G. 

153. Dum licet, in rebvs jucimdis vive 
beatus, vive memor, quam sis avi brevis ; 
Hor. II S. vi. 96 sq. CAS. T. currti 
enhn ferox atas ; II Od. v. 13 sq. sed 
fugit interea, fugit irreparabile tempus; 
Virg. G. iii. 284. PR. 

Breve est vita istius curriculum : hoc 
ipsum quod luquur, quod scribo, quod re- 
lego, de tempore meo mihi aut crescit aid 
deperit; S. Hier. on Ep. Gal. iii. 6. PR. 
Eur. Ale. 785 sqq. Bion Id. v. 9 sqq. 
Petr. 72. Sen. H. F. 177 sqq. Juv. ix. 
126 sqq. notes. K. The late Lord 
Hervey, in a poetical epistle to a friend 



applies this very beautifully : " Even 
now, while I write, time steals on our 
youth And a moment's cut off from thy 
friendship and truth." The whole of 
Luxury's argument amounts to this : 
" Let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we 
die ;" 1 Cor. xv. 32. Isaiah xxii. 13. M. 

154. Plutarch, in his treatise on envy 
and hatred, calls vice trtXvoiyxtirr^ov : 
Dama had swallowed two baits, that of 
Avarice, and that of Luxury. PR. Prop. 
IV. i. 141. K. cf. 1 Kings xviii. 21. 

155. Understand dominum. M. 

156. Obsequium denotes ' servile com- 
pliance,' ' indulgence,' ' flattery.' i. 107. 
note, molesta Veritas est, siquidem ex ea 
nascitur odium, quod est venerium ami- 
citia: sed obsequium multomolestius, quod 
peccatis indulgens pracipitem amicum 
ferri sinit; and in obsequio comitas adsit; 
assentatio vitiorum adjutrix procul amove- 
atur; Cic. de Am. 91. PR. cf. i. 107, 
note ; St Luke xvi. 13. 

157. Semel. u One swallow does not 
make a summer neither can one or 
two actions constitute a habit. Arist. 
Eth. PR. 

158. Scilicet asserui jam me,fugique 
cate?ias; Ov. Am. III. xi. 3. toties 
servus! qua bellua ruptis, cum semel 
effugit, reddit se prava cutenis; Hor. II 
S. vii. 19 sq. PR. 

159. This illustration is pleasantly ap- 
plied by Butler : " For though the dame 
has been my bail To free me from en- 
chanted jail, Yet as a dog, committed 
close For some offence, by chance breaks 
loose And quits his clog, but all in vain, 
He still drags after him his chain ; So, 
though my ancle she has quitted, My 
heart continues still committed ;" Hud. 
II. iii. 65 sqq. BW. 

160. 1 You carry that about with you, 
which will enable Avarice or Luxury, 
your old masters, at any time to drag 



SAT. v. 



OF PERSIUS. 



441 



" Dave, cito, hoc credas jubeo, finire dolores 
Praeteritos meditor." (Crudum Chaerestratus unguem 
Abrodens ait haec.) " An siccis dedecus obstem 
Cognatis ? an rem patriam rumore sinistro 
165 Limen ad obscoenum frangam, dum Chrysidis udas 
Ebrius ante fores exstincta cum face canto ?" 



you again into their power and to resume 
their influence over your actions.' K . 

161. This lively little dialogue is taken 
from the Eunuch of Menander : Terence 
has changed the dramatis personam. VS. 
cf. Hor. II S. iii. 259 sqq. K. It may 
confidently be opposed to any similar 
scene of equal length in the dramatic 
and satiric writers, whose works have 
reached us. G. 

162. Amorem Imc cuncta vitia sectari 
solent, mra, agritudo, nimiaque elegantia, 
Sf-c. sed amori accedunt etiam hcec quce 
dixi minus, insomnia, certimna, error, 
terror, etfvga, ineptice, slultitiaque, adeoet 
temeritas, incogitantia excors, immodestia, 
pehdantia, cupiditas, et malevolentia, in- 
hceret etiam aviditas, desidia, injuria, 
inopia, contumelia, et dispendium, muiti- 
loquium, pauciloquium ; Plaut. Merc, 
pr. 18 sqq. quisquis amores aid metuet 
dulces, aut experietur amaros ; Virg. 
E. iii. 109 sq. o indignum f acinus I 
nunc ego et Mam scelestam esse, etme 
miserum sentio ; et tcedet, et amore ardeo ; 
etprudens, scieiis, vivus, vidensqne pereo ; 
nec quid agam scio ; Ter. Eun. I. i. 25 
sqq. cf. Hor. I Od. viii. 2 sqq. II S. iii. 
263. PR. 

Chcerestratus is the Pheedria of Te- 
rence : Davus the Parmeno : Chrysis 
the Thais. PR. Common names of 
slaves among the Romans were Statius, 
Dionysius, Stichus, Hera ; at Athens, 
Davus (from Dacia), Geta ; among 
the Syrians, Dama ; in Paphlagonia, 
Tyhius ; in Phrygia, Manes, Mida ; 
among the Spartans, Helota ; at Argos, 
Gymneta ; among the Cretans, Ephar- 
miota, Clarota, Minota ; in Thessaly, 
Penesta ; at Syracuse, Eustatonus ; 
at Sicyon, Corynephorus ; among the 
Mariandyni, Doryphorus ; &c. A. Some 
of these names denote classes rather 
than individuals. 

This is the action of a person annoyed 
with himself. Prop. II. iii, 1. III. xxiii. 
24. K. cf. i. 106. PR. 

163. ' Sober.' ego prater alios meum 

3 



virum f/ti rata siccum, frvgi continen- 
tem ; Plaut. As. V. ii. 6 sq. sciio ilium 
ante omnes madidum, nihili,incontinen- 
tem; ^.8sq. cf. Hor. I Ep. xix. 9. I Od. 
xviii. 3. Cic. for Quint. 93. Eosc. 75. 
PR. Hor. IV Od. v. 38—40. M . 

164. Sinistra liberaliias : parum ex- 
pat rav it. quid est? ait, an parum hel- 
luatus est? paterna primum lancinata 
sunt bona ; fyc. Cat. xxix. 16 sqq. bonam 
deperdere famam, rem patris oblimare 
malum est, fyc. Hor. I S. ii. 61 sqq. PR. 
cf. Juv. xiv. 1. M. 

Turpis amor surd is auribus esse solet ; 
Ov. PR. 

165. Frangam; a metaphor from a 
ship splitting on a rock. PR. cf. Plaut. 
Trin. II. i. 19 sqq. CAS. 

' Wet,' not only with the scents 
sprinkled thereon by the lovers who 
came to serenade her, VS. and with 
wine, but with tears. CAS. cf. Plaut. 
Cure. 1. i sq. PR. atlacrumans exclusvs 
amator limina scepe floribtis et sertis operit 
postesque superbos imgit amaracino et 
foribus miser osada figit; Lucr. iv. 1171 
sqq. MAR. It may also mean 1 fre- 
quented by those in their cups.' ebrius 
ad durum fm^mosce limen arnicas cantat : 
habent unctce mollia serta comm ; Ov. F. 
v. 339 sq. (H.) K. 

166. The torch was extinguished, that 
the serenader might not be recognized by 
those who passed by. CAS.tace : occulte- 
mus lumen et vocem; Plaut. Cure. I. i. 
95. ebrius, et (magnum quod dedecus) 
ambulet ante noctem cum facibus', Hor. I 
S. iv. 51 sq. PR. When the fair one 
proved inexorable, they dashed their 
torch on the ground, semper et exclusi 
signajacere faces ; Prop.I.xvi.S.MJB. 

Noctuoccentabunt ostium ; Plaut. Pers. 
TV. iv. 20. quid si adeam ad fores atque 
occentem; Id. Cu. I. ii. 57. for further 
information respecting these serenades, 
see Hor. Ill Od. x. PR. I Od. xxv. 
III. vii. 30 sq. II S. vii. 89 sqq. (J A. 
MI.) Prop. I. xvi. 5 sqq. III. ii. 47 
sqq. (B.) K. 
L 



442 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. V. 



6 Euge, puer, sapias : dis depellentibus agnam 
Percute.' " Sed censen plorabit, Dave, relicta ?" 
e Nugaris. Solea, puer, objurgabere rubra. 
1 70 Ne trepidare velis atque arctos rodere casses : 

Nunc ferus et violens ; at si vocet, haud mora, dicas — 
" Quidnam igitur faciam ? nec nunc, quum arcessor et 
ultro 

" Supplicat, accedam ?" — Si totus et integer illinc 
Exieras, nec nunc.' Hie, hie, quern quaarimus, hie est: 
175 Non in festuca, lictor quam jactat ineptus. 
Jus habet ille sui palpo, quern ducit hiantem 
Cretata Ambitio ? c Vigila et cicer ingere large 



167. Puer; Hor. I. ix. 16. Sil. xv. 
33. A'. 

Understand si before sapias : Hor. I 
Od. xi. 6. Ov. Am. I. iv. 29. (BU. H.) 
CAS. 

Avemmcantibus is the more technical 
word ; uXi^ixuxois y.ec) uTor^oTetiej. These 
deities were Castor and Pollux. T. 

Nos hutnilrm frriemus agnam ; Hor. 1 1 
Od. xvii. 32. PR. 

168. '' Sacrifice.' T. Ov. F. i. 347. Tr. 
IV. ii. 5. M. xv. 126. K. 

Ilcec verba una viehercle falsa lacru- 
■muln, qua/u, ocnlus terendo miscre, via vi 
aprcsscrit, restinguet; Ter. Eun. I. i. 
22 sqq. PR. cf. Juv. vi. 271 sqq, notes. 

169. The solea was ' the slipper' worn 
by ladies, and sometimes by effeminate 
men: Gell. xiii. 20. A, v. 18. Cic. Verr. 
vii. 85. Pis. 13. Clodius is accused of 
wearing crocotani, mitram, muliebres 
soleas; H. Resp. 44. It was used by 
the fair tyrants for the chastisement of 
their humble admirers, cf. Juv. vi. 612, 
note. Chrysost. Horn. 14. PR. T. BU, 
Anth. L. t. i. p. 618. K. 

170. The metaphor is taken from beasts 
caught in ' the toils.' L U. ac veluti prima 
taunts dctractat aratra, mow venit asstieto 
mollis ad arva jugo : sic prima juvenes 
trepidant in a more feroces, dehinc domiti 
posthcec arpra et iniqua ferunt ; Prop. II. 
iii. 47 sqq. (BU.) sic laqveos fera, dwn 
jactat, astring it: sicaves, dum viscum tre- 
pidantes excutiunt, plumis omnibus illi- 
nu?it; Sen. Ira iii. 16. CAS. cf. Virg. 
iE. iv. 121. ix. 114. M. xi. 453. K. 

172. Cf. Hor. II S. iii. 262. (BY.) 

K. 



173. Integer ' heart-whole,' M. < with- 
out the loss of your heart.' Jixus hie apud 
nos est uninnis tuns clavocupidinis ; Plaut. 
As. I. iii. 4. anima magis est ubi amat, 
qua»/ ubi animat. PR. 

175. Festuca is used contemptuously 
for vindieta. quid? ea ingenua, an festuca 
facta? serva, an libera est? Plaut. M. G. 
IV. i. 15. (TB.) But Plutarch says that 
' stubble' was thrown on the person of 
the manumitted slave by one of the 
lictors : de S. N. Vind. PR. 

One of the six lictors, who attended 
the priEtor, LU. probably carried his 
wand. ' A stalk flourished by a foolish 
beadle' must have been incompetent to 
confer real liberty and wisdom. PR. 

176. Avari non liabent divilias sed a 
divitiis habentur; Sen. PR. 

Palpo ' a coaxer,' 1 a demagogue ;' 
x'oXa% tov $yp.ow Plato. CAS. 

Sed fulgente trahit co?istrictos Gloria 
curru ; Hor. I S. vi. 23. DB. 

Hunc plausus hiantem, per cuneos 
geminatus enim plebisque patrumque, cor- 
ripuit; Virg. G. ii. 508 sqq. 

177. Those who canvassed for an 
office used always to have their white 
gown fresh from the fuller's hands ; and 
to add to its brilliancy, it was rubbed 
with chalk, fit toga addito quodam creta 
genere candidior ; Isid. xiv. 24. LI. 
Polybius calls the gown Xa^cr^a, not 
XtvA'A. DN. 

Ambitio ' the going about to solicit the 
vote and interest of each elector.' M. 
Now follows the command of Ambition 
to her slave. PR. 

Vigila : they commenced their morn- 



SAT. V. 



OF PERSIUS. 



443 



Rixanti populo, nostra ut Floralia possint 
Aprici meminisse senes. Quid pulchrius ?' At quum 
180 Herodis venere dies unctaque fenestra 

Dispositaa pinguem nebulam vomuere lucernse 
Portantes violas rubrumque amplexa catinum 
Cauda natat thynni, tumet alba fidelia vino : 
Labra moves tacitus recutitaque sabbata palles. 



ing calls, on these occasions, before 
daybreak. CAS. cf. Mart. IV. lxxviii. 
Sen. Br. V. 24. or ' Be on the watch,' 
' be always on the look out for an 
opportunity of ingratiating yourself with 
the people.' M. K. 

The candidates for popularity used to 
throw among the mob a number of 
tallies entitling the bearer to a certain 
quantity of some sort of grain, in cicere 
atque /aba bona tuperdasque hipinis; Hor. 
II S. iii. 182. This was the method 
pursued by the sediles at ' the games of 
Flora.' The sums squandered in these 
largesses, under the republic, far sur- 
passed the most lavish cost of our con- 
tested elections, and were frequently 
ruinous to the parties, etpopulare sacrum 
bis millia dena tulisset; Mart. X. xli. 7. 
even when the emperors had engrossed 
the whole power, and the only subject 
of contention was, to be a slave with 
the title of an office, or without it. A, 
vi. 8. PR. G. cf. Suet. sap. cicer was a 
very plebeian food. Hor. A. P. 249. I 
S. vi. 115. cf. Mart. VIII. lxxix. 7 sqq. 
Stat. S. I. vi. 9 sqq. (B.) K. cf. vi. 50, 
note. 

178. < Scrambling.' PR. 

Floralia ; Macr. S. i. 4. Aug. Civ. D. 
vi. 7. PR. Juv. vi. 249, note. K. 

179. Juv. xi. 203. This basking in 
the sun is characteristic of old age. 
M Together they totter about, Or sit in 
the sun at the door;" Darbv and Joan. 
M. Cic. Sen. 16. K. 

180. We now come to the tyranny of 
Superstition. The Herodians were a 
considerable party among the Jews. 
Under Herod the Great, the government 
attained a pitch of power, which it had 
not reached since the captivity. He 
was greatly favoured by Dolabella and 
Antony, and, subsequently, by Augustus; 
who, like the two former, extended his 
empire, and, at his request, conferred 



privileges and immunities upon the Jews 
then resident in Rome: to this, must be 
added that he restored the temple, the 
idol of Jewish vanity, with surpassing 
magnificence. This was enough for that 
factious and selfish people : many of 
them honoured his memory, (execrable 
as it was,) and kept the day of his acces- 
sion as a festival. Persius, like all the 
writers of his time, speaks of the Jews 
with equal ignorance and contempt ; 
and, in this place, confounds a simple 
festival with their solemn sabbaths. G. 
VS. CAS. PR. cf. Juv. xiv. 96 sqq, notes. 
St Matthew xiv. 6. St Mark vi. 21. M. 

181. Juv. xii. 90 — 92, notes, moratur 
Dei ancilla in laribus alienis, et inter illos 
oynnibus honoribus dcemonum, omnibus 
solennibus regum, incipienie anno, incipi- 
ente ?nense, nidore thuris agitabitur: et 
procedat de janua laureata et lucemata, 
ut de novo consistorio libidinum publica- 
rum ; Tert. ad Ux. xi. PR. 

Vomuere ; Virg. JE. v. 682. M. 

182. Cumano rubicundam pulvere tes- 
tam ; Mart. XIV. cxiv. l.paropsis rubra ; 
XI. xxvii. 5. PR. This is put by hyp- 
allage for 1 the dish embracing the tail 
of the fish.' LU. 1 The red earthenware,' 
' the large coarse fish,' and ' the tail,' 
which was not the prime part of it, ' the 
white jug,' and £ the frothy wine,' are all 
mentioned contemptuously and with re- 
ference to the meanness and poverty of 
the Jews. M. 

183. Prcecipua magnitudine thynni. 
invenimus talenta xv pependisse. ejusdem 
cauda latitudinem duo cubita et palmum, 
fyc. Plin. ix. 15 s 17 and 20. PR. 

Tumet may simply mean ' is filled to 
the brim.' CAS. or " The crude must 
foams o'er the pitcher's brims." G. cf. 
Virg. G. ii. 6. 

184. Cf. ii. 6, note. PR. 

' The sabbaths of the circumcised.' 
VS. Mart. VII. xxix. 5. K. 



444 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. V. 



1 85 Tunc nigri lemures ovoque pericula rupto : 

Tunc grandes Galli et cum sistro lusca sacerdos 
Incussere deos inflantes corpora, si non 
Praedictum ter mane caput gustaveris alii. 
Dixeris haec inter varicosos centuriones, 



185. Understand timentur. CAS. 
somnia, terrores magieos, miracida, 
sagas, nocturnos lemures, porlentaque 
Thessala rides ? Hor. II Ep. ii. 208 sq. 
animus virtute perfectus genius vacatur, 
ait im um h umau urn enteritis vita? stipend* is 
corpore suo abjurantem vetere Latina 
lingua lemur em diet datum reperio. ex 
hisce lemur ibus qui posterorum suorum 
curam sortitus, placato et quieto nnmme 
domum possidet, Lar familiaris dicitnr: 
qui vera ob adversa vita: merita, mdlis 
bonis sedibus, incerta vagatione, seu quo- 
dam e.i silio punitur, inane terricidavien- 
tum bonis hominibus, ceterum noxium 
mails, id genus plcriqne Larvas per lube nt. 
rum vera incertum est, qua; cvique eorum 
sortitio tvencrit, utrum Lar sit, an Larva, 
nomine Manem deuni nuncupant ; Apul. 
de D. Socr. dual tibi Deus obvias species 
mortiiorum, quidquid Umbrarum est us- 
quara, quidquid Leuturum, quidquid Ma- 
niuvi, quidquid Larvarum, ocu/is tuis 
aggerat, omnia noetium occursacula, om- 
nia bustorum formidamina, omnia se- 
pulcrorum terriculamenta ; Id. Apol. 
cf. Varr. de V. P. R. i. Ov. F. v. 419 
sqq. PR. 

Eggs were much used in lustrations 
and expiations. Ov. A. A. ii. 329 sq. 
Hor. Ep. v. 19 sq. K. If an egg broke 
when put on the fire, it portended jeo- 
pardy to the person or property of the 
individual. VS. There was another su- 
perstition relative to an egg : hue per- 
tinet ovoricm ut exsorbuerit quisque caliccs 
eochlearumque protinus frangi ant eosdem 
cochlearibus perforari; Plin. xxviii. 2. 
The danger was in case the shells should 
he pricked with a needle. T. Many 
persons even at the present day, after 
eating an egg, always break the bottom 
of the shell ; some from superstitious 
motives, and others without knowing 
why. 

186. Cf. Juv. vi. 513, note. PR. 
Galli 1 priests of Cybele' said to be so 

failed after Gallus a river of Phrygia, 
whose water drove them mad ; Plin. xi. 



49. Varro. inter viridem Cybclen altasque 
Celamas amnis it insana, nomine Gallus, 
aqua : qui bibit inde, fur it ; Ov. F. iv. 
363 sqq. PR. 

Sistro; Juv. xiii. 93, note. Apuleius 
calls it aureum crepitaculum ; I.e. K. it 
was also made of silver or brass. PR. 

This one-eyed lady, having never had 
a matrimonial offer, devoted herself to 
the service of Isis, VS. where her defect 
might be turned to good account, for she 
might represent it as the act of the of- 
fended goddess : if the ministers of that 
deity were so exposed to her wrath, 
what must other mortals be? cf. Juv. 
xiii. 93. Ov. Pont. I. i. 51 sqq. PR. 
M. 

187. 1 Have inculcated the dread of 
the gods :' LU. i. e. of Venus and her 
son. SA. T. Ulcers and tumours are 
very common in Syria and Egypt. 
Aret. Morb. Ac. 6. rhv Iv^locv falv ol 

to acofjcoc TifjCTXuvai, ervvrvxuv to s5crag* 

Plut. Superst. 9. t. viii. p. 76. CAS. 
Mart. IV. xliii. 2. PR. 

188. ' Named before you eat it.' LU. 
1 A head of garlick eaten fasting' waa 

reckoned a specific against magical 
fascination. LU. T. 

189. ~Sr^ariuTfx,h uXoy'iot was pro- 
verbial among the Greeks. PR. Surely 
Persius has shown little judgement in 
propounding his Stoical paradoxes to 
such an audience : but he seems to bear 
a rooted dislike to the soldiery ; and 
whenever he has occasion for a more 
illiterate and worthless character than 
ordinary, he commonly repairs to the 
camp for him. His conduct, in this 
instance, will perhaps remind the reader 
of Fielding and Smollett, who, in com- 
pliance with the wretched cant of their 
times, manifested a patriotic abhorrence 
of the military, and seldom went further 
for a blockhead, a parasite, or an adept 
in low villainy, than the Army List. 
We have outlived this stupid piece of 



SAT. V. 



OF PERSIUS. 



445 



190 Continuo crassum ridet Volfenius ingens, 
Et centum Grsecos curto centusse licetur. 



injustice ; and a " led-captain" is no 
longer considered as the indispensable 
Vice of every novel. G-. 

Varicosos; Juv. vi. 397, note. Sol. p. 
363. (SJ.) K. 



190. 1 Sets up a horse-laugh.' PR. 
Ingens; 95, note. 

191. i And, for a hundred of your 
Greeks, bids short of a hundred pence.' 
LU.cL Petr. 46. (BU.) K. 



S A T I R E VI. 



ARGUMENT. 

This is one of the most pleasing and original of these Satires. Its primary 
ohject is to point out the proper use of riches : and the author (after a 
beautiful exordium, in which the genius and learning of his friend 
Bassus are complimented with all the warmth of friendship, 1 — 6.) 
exhibits his own conduct in the regulation of his desires, as explanatory 
of his views. G — 24. 

A kind and liberal attention to the necessities of others is then recom- 
mended ; and the various artifices of avarice to disguise its sordid and 
selfish feelings under the specious names of prudence, ancient simplicity, 
a regard for the welfare of successors, &c. are detected and exposed 
with marked severity. 25 — 40. 

The poem concludes with some sarcastic reproof of the greediness of heirs 
in expectation, 41 — /4. and a striking description of the nature of 
cupidity, which strengthens with indulgence, and becomes more craving 
in proportion as it is more abundantly supplied. 75 — 80. 

This Satire is not only the most agreeable and original, but the most in- 
teresting of our author's works. It was evidently written by him, while 
yet in the flower of youth, possessed of an independent fortune, of 
estimable friends, of dear connections, and of a cultivated mind, under 
the consciousness of irrecoverable disease ; a situation in itself suffici- 
ently affecting, and which is rendered still more so, by the placid, and 
even cheerful spirit which pervades every part of the poem. G. 



T. vi. THE SATIRES OF PERSIUS. 447 

Admovit jam bruma foco te, Basse, Sabino ? 
Jamne lyra et tetrico vivunt tibi pectine chordae ? 
Mire opifex numeris veterum primordia vocum 
Atque marem strepitum fldis intendisse Latinae, 
5 Mox juvenes agitare jocos et pollice honesto 
Egregios lusisse series ? Mihi nunc Ligus ora 
Intepet hibernatque meum mare, qua latus ingens 
Dant scopuli et multa litus se valle receptat. 



1. From this it appears that the 
wealthy Romans changed their residence 
with the seasons : and that they not only 
resorted to their villas in the spring, but 
at other times, when they were disposed 
for study and retirement. Cic. Att. Suet. 
Aug. 72. Hor. I Ep. vii. xv. PR. II Ep. 
ii. 65 sqq. 77 sq. Plin. Ep. i. 9. K. 
Literary characters, like our poets, were 
glad of any pretence to escape from the 
riotous excesses and the anarchy of the 
Saturnalia. G. 

Bruma novi prima est veterisque novis- 
sima solis; Ov. F. i. 163. with us 4 St 
Thomas's day.' Festus. PR. 

Focus is used for prctdium, on account 
of the time of the year. K. 

Ccesius Bassus, an eminent lyric poet ; 
who was destroyed, together with his 
country house, in that great eruption of 
Vesuvius, VS. in which Pliny the elder 
is also said to have perished. G. He is 
mentioned as approaching most nearly to 
Horace: Quint. Inst. x. 1, 96. PR. 
Prop. I. i v . 1. (BK.) WE, P. L. M. 
t. iii. p. xxxiii sqq. K. and p. xix. DB. 

2. " While the strings quicken to thy 
manly quill." G. Ov. A. A. i. 721. Sen. 
H. F. 579 sq. lyra et chorda for ' strings 
of the lyre.' On this instrument, cf. Hor. 
I Od. x. 6. III. ii. 3. (J A.) K. 

3. * Of wondrous skill in adapting to 
minstrelsy the early forms of ancient 
words, and the masculine strain of the 
Latian lute.' It would appear from this, 
that Bassus was an antiquary and had 
successfully transferred to his odes some 
of the nervous words of the older dialects 
of his country. TFE. " Great workman! 
whose blest muse sweet lines affordes, 
Full of the native beauty of old wordes." 
HO. 

4. Intendisse numeris is the same as 
numeris condere; Ov. F. vi. 24. or nume- 
ris coercere; Id. Pont. IV. viii. 73. cf. 



Virg. 2E. ix. 776. Hor. I Ep. iii. 12 sq. 
K. 

5. Juvenes for juveniles; LU. Ov. Tr. 
V. i. 7. K. 

Agitare jocos; Ov. M. iii. 319. the same 
zsjocari. K. 

Jocos ■ Ov. Tr. II. 494. III. ii. 4. K. 
' Amatory and playful themes.' LU. 
Musa dedit jidibus juvenum curas et 
libera vina ret err e ; Hor. A. P. 83 sqq. 
CAS. 

" With moral touch." G. 

6. Ludere for canere ; as in Virg. E. i. 
10. PR. Hor. IV. Od. ix. 9. or 4 to play 
the good old man' by assuming an air of 
authority and sententiousness : bonum 
civem ludere; Cic. Ep. viii. 9. K. 

He was staying with his mother Fulvia 
Sisennia, who, after his father's death, 
married again ; her second husband was 
a Ligurian. VS. 

Ligus is here a feminine adjective. 
LU. 

7. Maria agitata ventis ita tepescunt, 
ut intelligi facile possit in tantis illis humo- 
ribus inclusum esse culorem : nec enim ille 
externus et adventitius habendus est tepor, 
sed ex intimis maris partibus agitatione 
excitatus ; Cic. N. D. ii. 10 s 26. PR. 
Plut. Q. N. viii. t. xiii. cf. Prop. IV. i. 
124. (PAS.) K. 

Defendens pisces hyemat mare', Hor. 
II S. ii. 17. PR, vernat: Sen. Ep. 114. 
K. 

8. Dant ' present.' vrtgi%\utr/zi o Xijuwv 
ogifftv u-$>'/i\bi$, a<p" av to. <xz"ku.y/) xkto- 
xvtvvrar Strab.v. PR. Sil. viii. 480. ( R.) 
cf. Virg. M. i. 105. iii. 533 sqq. V.Flac. 
i. 619. Claud, xlix. 37. K. Luna where 
the villa stood was one of the many con- 
venient and beautiful situations in which 
the gulf of Spezia abounded. The town 
itself has lain in ruins for ages; what now 
occupies a part of its site is called Larice. 
G. 



448 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Lunai portum est operw cognoscere, cives ! 

10 Cor jubet hoc Enni, postquam destertuit esse 
Maeonides, Quintus pavone ex Pythagoreo. 
Hie ego securus vulgi et quid prseparet Auster 
Infelix pecori ; securus et, angulus ille 
Vicini nostro quia pinguior. Etsi adeo omnes 

15 Ditescant orti pejoribus, usque recusem 

Curvus ob id minui senio aut ccenare sine uncto 
Et signum in vapida naso tetigisse lagena. 



9. A verse of Ennius. VS. primum 
oppidum Hetrurice, Luna, portu nobile; 
Plin. iii. 5. xiv. 6. xxxvi. PR. Ennius 
must have known 1 the port of Luna' well. 
It was there that the Romans usually 
took shipping for Corsica and Sardinia, 
the latter of which islands the poet often 
visited in company with the elder Cato. 
G. 

OpercB, understand pretium. LU. 

10. Cor is often used for ' sense.' PR. 
Hence the adjectives cordatus, excors, 
vecors, <3fc. Cic. T. Q. i. 9. hoc est non 
modo cor non habere, sed ne palatum 
qnidem; Fin. ii. 28. K. cor Enni will he 
a periphrasis, like those so frequent in 
Juvenal, and will mean ' Ennius in his 
senses.' LU. cf. Juv. iv. 39, note. 

' He ceased to dream.' LU. cf. pr. 2. 
PR. 

1 1. Homer was called Mceonides, PR. 
as a native of Smyrna in Lydia, which 
was anciently called J\la;onia. M. 

" When, all his dreams of transmigra- 
tion past, He found himself plain Quin- 
tus at the last!" G. Q. Ennius horn 
at Rudii in Campania, ahout A. U. 514, 
the most ancient Latin poet after Livius 
Andronicus, wrote the Annals of the 
Roman People and other poems, of which 
only fragments remain, cf. Gell. xvii. 17. 
Cic. T. Q. i. 34. Ennius et sapiens et 
fords et alter Homerus, ut critici dicunt, 
leviter curare videtur quo promissa cadaut 
et somnia Pythagorea ; Hor. II Ep. i. 50 
sqq. PR. For further particulars see AN. 

Our poet here ridicules the Pythagorean 
doctrine of the metempsychosis, cf. Ov. 
M. xv. 160 sqq. Tert. de An. 24 sq. pmium 
se meminit Homerus Ennio somniante : 
sed poetis nec vigihntibus crcdam ; ib. 
33 sq. de Res Carn. i. 7. S. Hier. Ap. 
adv. Ruf. iii. fin. Lact. iii. 18. vii. 23. 
PR. Cic. S. Sc. i. Lucr. i. 118—127. 



Hyg. F. 112. cf. Prop. IV. i. 64. Hor. 
II Ep. ii. 100. K. 

12. " Careless of what the vulgar 
think or say." G. Virg. JE. i. 350. x. 
325. Hor. II Od. mi. fin. I S. i. 1 10 sq. 
A. 

Quid cogitet humidus Auster ; Virg. G. 
i. 462. quid famine captet Auster; Prop. 
III. iii. 52. A. 

13. Arboribusque satisque Notus pecori- 
que sinister; Virg. G. i. 444. PR. Hor. 
11 Od. xiv. 15 sq. II S. vi. 18 sq. Plin. 
H. N. ii. s 48. A'. The Italians call this 
wind Sirocco. M. 

O si angulus ille proximus accedat, qui 
nunc denormat agellum ! Hor. II S. vi. 
8 sq. PR. 

15. Ne plus frumenti dotalibus emetat 
agris Mutus; indignum, quod sit pejoribus 
ortus; Hor. I Ep. vi. 2i sq. PR. 

16. Jam vigor et quasso languent in 
cor pore vires'. . . .conjiteor facer e hoc annos ; 
sed et altera causa est, anxietas animi con- 
tinuusque labor; Ov. Pont. I. iv. 3 &c. 
PR. M. ii. 760. Hor. I Ep. xviii. 47. 
Sen. Hip. 1127 sqq. clI-^/k. yao tv xuxot^tj 
fiooro) r.a.Ta.ynouirx.ovcrtV J lom. Od. T 
dbO. Hes. O. I). 93. A. 

' Without good cheer.' AT. cf. Hor. 
A. P. 422. PR. iv. 17. K. 

17. It was the custom of the Romans 
to pour melted pitch over the mouth of 
their wine vessels, on which, when suf- 
ficiently cooled for the purpose, they 
impressed their signets. Suspicious of 
his slaves, the miser is ludicrously repre- 
sented as bending over the jar, and prying 
so narrowly into the state of the seal as 
to touch it with his nose : the wine too, 
for which all this solicitude is manifested, 
is not unworthy of the rest of the picture, 
it is good for nothing. G. CAS- T. cf. 
Hor. II Ep. ii. 134. nam id demum 
lepidum est tripurcos homines vetulos, avidos, 



SAT. VI. 



OF PERSIUS. 



449 



Discrepet his alius. Geminos, horoscope, varo 
Producis genio ! Solis natalibus est qui 
20 Tingat olus siccum muria vafer in calice emta, 

Ipse sacrum irrorans patinse piper. Hie bona dente 
Grandia magnanimus peragit puer. Utar ego, utar, 
Nec rhombos ideo libertis ponere lautus, 
Nec tenuem solers turdarum nosse salivam. 



aridos bene admordere, qui salinum servo 
obsignant cum sale ; Plaut. Pers. II. Hi. 
14 sqq. sicut olim matrem meam facere 
memini, qua lagenos etiam inanes obsig- 
nabal, ne dicerentur inanes aliquce fuisse, 
quce furtim essent escsiccatce ; Cic. Ep. xvi. 
26. He might also apply his nose to as- 
certain whether it was evaporating. PR. 
cf. Juv. xiv. 126 sqq, notes. K. 

18. ' The star, " That beams, ascen- 
dant, on the natal hour," G. produces 
twins of widely different characters.' LU. 
Castor gaudet equis, ovo prognatus eodem 
pugnis ; Hor. II S. i. 26 sq. It was im- 
possible for two persons to be more unlike 
than Commodus and Antoninus, the 
twin sons of the emperor Marcus ; who, 
according to the predictions of the astro- 
logers, were to be in all respects alike : 
Lampr. cf. Gell. xiv. 1. PR. Prop. IV. 
i. 89. (VU. BU.) K. 

Horoscope; on the prosopopoeia, cf. 
Quint. Inst. viii. 5. K. 

Varo i.e.vario; LU.iv. 12. PR. 

19. Producis; Juv. vi. 241, note. 
Natalibus; Juv. xi. 83 sqq, notes, M. 

v. 151, note. K. 

20. Every word in this description is 
expressive of meanness. 

Tingat ; Hor. II S. ii. 60 sqq. olus; ib. 
i. 74. Juv. x. 78 sq. siccum, opposed to 
unctum, v. 16. muria ' the brine in which 
tunny was pickled;' v. 183. Mart. XIII. 
ciii. Plin. xxxi. 8. and though this pickle 
was so cheap, he merely bought a little 
of it « in a cup.' LU. PR. M. K. 

21. Ipse, not trusting his servant : 
sacrum ' preserved most religiously 
Hor. I S. i. 71 sq. II S. iii. 110. ' as 
though it were sacrilege to waste one 
grain.' cf. Mart. XIII. xiii. LU. PR. K. 

Dente peragit ' eats his way through.' 
Juv. xi. 38 sq. Hor. II S. iii. 206 sqq. 
I Ep. xv. 37 sqq. K. The story of the 
prodigal runs gaily off the tongue in 
dactyls, and is despatched almost as 
quickly as his patrimony was. G. 

3 



22. Magnanimus ; cf. Arist. Eth. iii. 

6. 

Puer ; not in age, but in character. 
CAS. Hor. I S. ii. 16 sq. K. rl fat 
kuqo;' oh <xu.£a, tov %(>ovov w zXXtt^t, 
OrkXa ha to Kara, iraSot £wv A list. Eth. 
i. 3. 

Utar: as Persius here twice declares 
his determination to use his goods; 
so, in the two following lines, he twice 
declares his resolution not to abuse 
them. 

23. Rhombos; Juv. xi. 121. iv. 39, 
note. Plin. ix. 20. num esuriens fastidh 
omnia prater pavonem rhombumque? 
Hor. I S. ii. 115 sq. II S. ii. 48 sq. PR. 
Ep. ii. 49 sq. K. 

Libertis; Juv. v. 28, note. Petr. 38. 
(if.) K. 

Lautus; Juv. xiv. 257. K. o (havuvffos 
<ru va^a <to Viov uvaXlffxnv v-zt^fiaWtt , 
iv yu^ ToTt ftixgcTs <tmv ta'Sa.Wtfji.a.'rux 
noWa uvctXitrxu, xki XxfA^^vvircci waga 
ftiXof osov Igavicrroi; yaftixus Iffriuv 
Arist. Eth. iv. 2. 

24. The feminine turdarum is here 
used by catachresis; VS. perhaps 
because the hen-thrushes were considered 
the more delicious. M. For the cogno- 
scenti of Italy " sapevano dire gustando'li 
tordi, s'erano domestici o pur selvaggi, e 
se maschi o pur fernine.'' STE. These 
birds were accounted such great deli- 
cacies by the Romans, that they had 
particular buildings attached to their 
houses for breeding and fattening them 
for the table. G. cf. Plin. x. 24. Ath. ii. 
24. obeso nil melius turdo ; Hor. I Ep. 
xv. 41 sq. II S. v. 10. I S. v. 72. inter 
aves turdus, si quis mejudi.ee certet ; inter 
quadrupedes gloria prima lepus ; Mart, 
XIII. xcii. Ii. PR. K. Juniper berries 
were an important article in their food- 
LU. 

Salivam ' the flavour.' VS. Varro L„ 
L. viii. Plin. xxiii. Mcthymncei grata 
saliva meri ; Prop. IV. viii. 38, PR. 
M 



450 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



25 Messe tenus propria vive : et granaria (fas est) 

Emolc. Quid metuas ? Occa, et seges altera in herba est . 
" Ast vocat officium : trabe rupta, Bruttia saxa 
Prendit amicus inops remque c-mnem surdaque vo-ta 
Condidit Ionio : jacet ipse in litore et una 

30 Ingentes de puppe dei jamque obvia mergis 
Costa ratis lacerae." Nunc et de cespite vivo 
Frange aliquid ; largire inopi, ne pictus oberret 
Ca?rulea in tabula. Sed ccenam funeris heres 
Negliget iratus, quod rem curtaveris : urnaj 

35 Ossa inodora dabit, seu spirent cinnama surdum 
Seu ceraso peccent casia?, nescire paratus. 



25. 1 Harvest' is here put for 1 income.' 
LU. 

26. Quid metuas? St Matthew vi. 34. 

at. 

Occa; ' cultivate your land.' AT. Ov. 
F. iv. 645. K. 

" First the blade, then the ear, then 
the full corn in the ear;'' St Mark 

iv. 28. AT. cf. Ov. Her. xvii. 263. (//.) 
h. 

27. By ' the Bruttian rocks' is here 
meant the rugged southern coast of Italy 
to the westward of the Straits of Messina. 
K. 

28. Prensanl emquc uncis manibus 
capita ardua month ; Virg. 2E, vi. 360. 
CAS. Horn. Od. E 426 sqq. K. 

Surdus is sometimes taken in a passive 
sense, 'unheard;' LU. as cacus is for 
' unseen. 5 

30. The tutelary gods were placed at 
the stern : these the pious mercliant had 
by his exertions rescued from the wreck. 
T. cf. Virg. M. x. 171. Hor. I Od. xiv. 
10. PR. Petr. 105. Virg. /E. viii. 93. 

v. 60. Ov. Tr. T. x. 1. (II.) ih. 43 sq. 
K. His piety was rewarded by the pre- 
servation of his life, when all else perished. 

Mergis; Plin. x. 32 &c. PR. Hor. 
Ep. x. 21 sq. K. 

31. Costa; Virg. M. u. 16. PR. The 
wreck, probably, might be thrown up on 
the shore : its ribs would hold together, 
long after the planks had started. 

Nunc S)C. Aware that the miser's ex- 
cuse is a mere pretext for indulging his 
avaricious propensities, Persius sharply 
answers ' In that case, sell a little of 
your land.' G. LU. ' Land, with the 



crop growing on it.' AT. cf. Ov. M. iv. 
300 sq. A'. 

32. Cf. Juv. xiv. 302, note. PR. 

33. ' But perhaps you will object &c.' 

Ccenam funeris. cf. Vir^. Al. vi. 222 
sqq. Apul. FJor. 4 s 19. Cic. Leg. ii. 63. 
Juv. v. 85, note. S. Aug. Serm. xv. 
Plin. x. 10. Ath. viii. 7. A, iii. 7. PR. 
KI, vi. 5 sq. Luc. Cont. 22. t. i. p. 519. 
K. 

34. Nec meluam quid de me judicet 
heres, quad mm plura datis invenerit ; 
Hor. II Ep. ii. 191 sq. PR. I Ep. v. 13 
sq. II Od. xiv. 25 sqq. A'. 

Curtaveris refers to frange aliquid ; 32. 

K. 

35. Cf. Plin. xiii. 1—3. Juv. iv. 109, 
note. Dionys. H. ii. Prop. II. x. 20 
sqq. IV. vii. 32. Tib. III. ii. 17. I. 
iii. 7 sqq. (HF.) S. Hier. to Pamm. 
Calp. iv. 19. Ov. Tr. HI. iii. 89. PR. 
K. 

Cinnama ; Plin. xii. 19 s 42. PR. Id. 
xiii. s2. Mart. IV. xiii. K. 

Surdum is here put for ' scentless.' 
LU. The metaphor is still more harsh 
in the following line : fervida quod subtile 
essurdant vina palatum] Hor. II S. viii. 
38. PR. 

36. ' Or the casia be adulterated with 
cherry bark.' LU. cf. Plin. xii. 9. cerasi 
ante victoriam Mithridaticam L. Luculli, 
nonf uercin Italia ad urbis annum dclxxx; 
is primum vexit e Ponto: annisque exx 
trans oceanum in Britanniam usque per- 
venere; Id. xv. 25. PR. This adultera- 
tion would be easily detected by any one 
who made use of his senses. A'. 



s at. vi. OF PERSIUS. 451 



" Tune bona incolumis minuas ?" Sed Bestius urget 
Doctores Graios : " Ita fit, postquam sapere Urbi 
Cum pipere et palmis venit nostrum hoc maris expers, 
40 Foenisecae crasso vitiarunt unguine pultes." 
Haec cinere ulterior metuas ? At tu, meus heres 
Quisquis eris, paullum a turba seductior audi : — 

O bone, num ignoras ? missa est a Csesare laurus 
Insignem ob cladem German se pubis et aris 



CasicB ; ii. 64. Plin. H. N. xii. 19 s 
43. PR. Virg. G. ii. 466. (70.) SA, p. 
919 sqq. Theoph. H. PI. ix. 5. Mart. X. 
xcvii. XI. lv. Stat. S. II. i. 160. Claud. 
Phoen. 79 sqq. (BU.) Ov. M. xv. 397 
sqq. K. 

' Having made up his mind [ira^iff- 
xivuffft'zvos' Arist. PI. 77.] to wink at it 
and be utterly ignorant.' PR. The worse 
the spices, the less the cost, JVJ. 

37. This is the petulant remonstrance 
of the indignant heir : * What 1 Do you 
dare to impair your property during your 
life-time, instead of hoarding it for your 
heirs to spend V CAS. or ' If you are 
wasteful during your life, you shall smart 
for it now you are dead.' incolumis ' with 
impunity.' K. DN. 

The poet has shown no great adroit- 
ness in allowing this third speaker ( Bestius) 
to break in rudely upon the dialogue, 
when he might, with better effect, have 
put all that was about to be said into the 
mouth of his opponent. G. This illiterate 
fellow, (Hor. I Ep. xv. 37 sq.) however, 
' commences an attack on the philoso- 
phers' as having caused all the mischief 
by inculcating the doctrine of liberality 
and other expensive habits. PR. The 
many corruptions introduced at Rome, 
after the conquest of Greece, brought 
the natives of that country into great 
odium with the sterner Romans. In the 
indiscriminate antipathy towards all that 
was Grecian, philosophy and letters were 
often involved, cf. Juv. vi. 16. 291 sqq. 
iii. 60 sqq. xv. 110 sqq. K. 

38. ' Thus 'tis! sinee this emasculate 
wisdom of ours came to Rome with dates 
and spices, our very haymakers have be- 
come luxurious, and learnt to vitiate their 
homely pottage with gross unguents.' 
G. cf. Lact. iii. 16. PR. 

Sapere nostrum for sapientia nostra. 
LU. i. 9, note. PR. sapere is an ambigu- 
ous word. K, 



39. Cf. Juv. iii. 83. PR. 
Palmis; Plin. xiii. 4. LU. 

Maris expers ' void of manliness.' cf. i. 
103. In Horace the phrase has a dif- 
ferent meaning ; ' manufactured at home ;' 
II S. viii. 15. CAS. v. 4. M. 

40. Cf. Juv. xi. 79 sq. PR. 

Crasso unguine: cf. Hor. A. P. 375. 

K. 

Pultes: Ath. xiv. 15 sq. (CAS.) PR. 
Juv. xi. 58, note. 

41. Bestius is dismissed without cere- 
mony : the poet deigns not to notice his 
impertinent interruption, but, after hastily 
concluding the speech which had been 
broken off, drops the subject and turns 
to a new speaker. G. 

Cinere ulterior ' beyond the grave.' M. 
At tu, §c. cf. Hor. II Ep. ii. 190 sqq. 

K. 

42. Seductior : cf. v. 96. PR. ii. 4. K. 

43. « By Caligula.' LU. This was 
when Persius was about seven years old ; 
it might have made an impression upon 
his memory, because such exhibitions 
were then rare. G. 

Laurus for laureata epistola. LU. Plin. 
xv. 30. Liv. v. Aram. xv. Mart. VII. 
iv. sq. vii. A, i. 27. PR. KN, p. 223. 
DN. Ov. Am. I. xi. 25. Juv. iv. 149, 
note. G. and vi. 205, note. 

44. Drusus ac Nero et Germunicus in 
suis eos (i. e. Germanos) sedibus percule- 
runt. post ingentes C. Ccesaris mince in 
ludibrium versa, inde otium, donee occa- 
sionediscordice nostrce et civilium armorum, 
expugnatis legionuni hibernis, etiam Gallia* 
affectavere, ac rursus pulsi inde, proiimis 
temporibus triumphati magis quam victi 
sunt ; Tac. G. 37. K. This mock expe- 
dition was altosether a most contemptible 
affair: cf. Suet. 43—49. PR. and the 
tiiumph, or rather ovation, was also a 
very poor thing, notwithstanding all the 
parade which this deplorable maniac 
made aboutit, G. 



452 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



45 Frigidus excutitur cinis : ac jam postibus arma, 
Jam chlamydes regum, jam lutea gausapa captis 
Essedaque ingentesque locat Caesonia Rhenos. 
Dis igitur Genioque ducis centum paria ob res 
Egregie gestas induce Quis vetat ? aude ! 

50 Vae ! nisi connives ! oleum artocreasque popello 

Largior. An prohibes ? die clare ! " Non adeo," inquis. 



45. Frigidus is a sarcastic allusion to 
the rarity of these rejoicings. LU. 

Mulluque praterea sacris in postibus 
arma, captivi pendent currus enrvaque 
secures et crista: capitum ct pr-rtarum 
ingent&a clausira tpwulaque clypeiqne erep- 
taque rostra rarinis; Virg. M. vii. 183 
sqq. signa nostro restititit Jovi dcrq>ta 
Parthorum superbis postibus; 1 1 or. IV 
Od. xv. G ?qq. PR. cf. Claud, xxiv. 67 
sqq. Prop. III. vii. 26. (BK.) BU, 
A nth. L. t. i. p. 206 sq. K. 

46. Cf. A, v. 18. Virg, .>E. viii. 538. 
M. Uor. 11 Od. xii. 12 sqq. Prop. II. i. 
33 sqq. A'. 

Gausapa: cf. Mart. XIV. xxvii. cxlv. 
exxxviii. clii. PR. Here it is to be 
taken in the same sense as in iv. 37. for 
1 false hair.' cf. Juv. xiii. 164 sqq. vi. 
120. They had also the art of turning 
the hair ' red :' cf. Plin. H. N. xxviii. 12. 
Mart. VIII. xxxiii. 20. XIV. xxvi. K. 
Ov. Am. I. xiv. 45 sq. A. A. iii. 163 sqq. 

47. Esseda ; Virg. G. iii. 204. (II Y.) 
Cajs. B. G. iv sq. PR. Prop. II. i. 85. 
(BU.) K. 

Locat ' engages with contractors to 
supply these materials of the triumph ;' 
C/J6'. as, in fact, there were no captives 
and no spoils. K. 

Ccesonia; Juv. vi. 616, note. Joseph. A. 
J. xix. PH. In thus labouring to swell 
her consort's triumph, the empress was 
taking the surest means to secure his 
attachment and to rule in his name. G. 

-orxftui KCti icx uvtou xctXovfjiivor Steph. 
conversus hinc ad curam triumphi, prater 
captives et transfugat barbaros, Gallorum 
quoque procerissimum quemque et, ut ipse 
direbat, afyoHgicZptfiiuTot, ac nonnnllos ex 
principibus legit ac scposuit ad pompam 
eoegitque non tantutn rutilare et submiltere 
contain sed et sermonem Germanicum 
addiscere et nomitta barbarica ferrc; Suet. 
Cal. 47. CAS. Dio lix. p. 659, E. 

Domitian was guilty of a like folly : 



inerat conscientia, derisui fuisse nuper 
j'ulsum e Gennania triutnphum, emtis per 
commercia, quorum habitus et crines in 
captivorum speciem fonnarcntur ; Tac. 
Ag. 39. K. 

48. Genio ducis ; cf. ii. 3, note : citiux 
per omnes dens, quam per unum Genium 
Ccesaris pejeratur ; Tert : cf. Suet. Cal. 

27. PR. Ov. F. v. 145 sqq. Plin. Pan. 
52. (S.Z.) K. 

Nisic fecissent , gladiatorum dare centum 
damnati populo paria atque epulum ; Hor. 
11 S. iii. 85 sq. PR. cf. Suet. Claud. 34. 

28. Juv. iii. 36, note. Mart. III. xvi. 
K. Such an exhibition was hardly within 
the means of any private person ; there- 
fore this must be looked upon as a threat 
to his heir, that he would do just as he 
pleased with his estate. M. 

49. " Who blames — who ventures to 
control me? You? Woe to your future 
prospects, if you do!" G. 

50. He threatens to ' give a largess to the 
people.' These gratuitieswere seldom given 
except by the emperors, or in honour of 
them, congiarium populo numorum 
trecenorum ter dedil, atque inter spectacula 
mnneris largissimum epulum: septimontiali 
sacro quidem se.natui equitique panariis, 
plebei sportulis cum opsonio distributis, 
initium vescendi primus fecit ; dieque 
proximo omne genus rerurn 7nissilia sparsit : 
&;c. Suet. Dom. 4. adjecit epulum ac 
viscerutionem et post llispaniensem vic- 
toriam duo prandia ; Cass. 38. PiL cf. AD. 
prodigi epulis et viscerationibus, hidorum 
venatuumque apparatu pecunius profun- 
dunt ; Cic. Off. ii. 16. PM. cf. CAR, p. 
92 sq. v. 177, note. 

* Oil;' Suet. Csbs. 38. Ner. 12. Tac. 
A. xiv. 47. K. 

' Meat-pies.' Mart. VIII. lxxix. K. 

51. ' What are you muttering about ? 
speak out !' LU. 

' Not exactly so.' The avaricious 
heir is afraid to give a straight-forward 
answer. Per&ius is offended at this. WB. 



SAT. VI. 



OF PERSIUS. 



453 



Exossatus ager juxta est. Age, si mihi nulla 
Jam reliqua ex amitis, patruelis nulla, proneptis 
Nulla manet patrui, sterilis matertera vixit, 

55 Deque avia nihilum superest, accedo Bovillas 

Clivumque ab Virbi; praesto est mihi Manius heres. 
" Progenies terrse ?" Quaere ex me, quis mihi quartus 
Sit pater; haud promte, dicam tamen. Adde etiam unum, 
Unum etiam : Terra? est jam filius et mihi ritu 

60 Manius hie generis prope major avunculus exit. 

Qui prior es, cur me in decursu lampada poscis ? 



52. ' Suppose my estate so reduced, 
that I have but a single field in the out- 
skirts of the city, and that field worn out 
by constant cropping; I shall have little 
difficulty, I apprehend, in finding some 
one to do me the favour of standing my 
heir, even should you decline to honour 
me.' CAS. 

Exossutus literal! v ' deprived of bones :' 
Plaut. Amph. I. i.' 163. PR. Ter. Ad. 
III. iv. 14. M. cf. Juv. viii. 90. CAS. 

Juxta : being ' near town,' it would be 
the last field parted with. CAS. 

53. Cf. HK, A. R. iii. 2. 5 sq. K. 

55. BovillcB (i. e. bovis villa, VS.) was 
a poor village about eleven miles from 
Rome, in the Appian road, near Aricia. 
PR. LU. Prop. IV. i. 33. (BX.) K. 
Mart. II. vi. 15. 

56. ' The hill of Virbius' was four 
miles from the city, on the same road, 
near the grove of Diana, where Hippo- 
lytus was worshipped as a hero under 
the name of Virbius. cf. Virg. JE, vii. 
761—782 (HY, exc.) VS. Ov. F. iii. 
vi. M. xv. 543. This road was notorious 
for the swarms of beggars that infested 
it: Juv. iv. 117, note. PR. 

The original Manius is said to have 
consecrated the grove to Diana ; Festus. 
His descendants were very numerous and 
very poor. T. PR. 

57. Cf. Juv. iv. 98, note. PR. Petr. 
43. K. 

' Inquire into my pedigree, and you 
will find that this Manius is no very dis- 
tant relation of mine.' PR. 

59. Terra filius. Empedocles and some 
other philosophers held that all men ori- 
ginally sprung from earth : from this 
notion perhaps arose the nominal defini- 
tion, hamo — qui ex humo. cf. Cic. Att. 
dictus Saturnus Terra Catlique filius, quia 



ignoti vel ex inopinato apparentes de eoelo 
supervenire dicuntur, sicut Terra filius 
vulgus vocat, quorum genus incertum est : 
gigantesque hac ratione Terra filii ap- 
pellantur; Tert. Apol. RH, xx. 28. PR. 

60. ' If one cf my grandsires is a son 
of earth and Manius has the same mother, 
he must be a distant uncle of mine.' cf. 
Juv. viii. 272 sqq. notes. K. 

61. Qui prior es. From this it ap- 
pears that Persius's heir was more ad- 
vanced in life than the poet himself ; he 
therefore did wrong in asking for * the 
torch' at all, as well as in asking for it 
before Persius had completed his course. 
PR. ' You are in full health, and have 
every prospect of outstripping me in the 
career of life ; do not then prematurely 
take from me the chance of extending my 
days a little : do not call for my torch 
before I have given up the race,' nor 
snatch (in the beautiful language of 
Shakspeart) " at half an hour of my 
frail life." Our author's pathetic ex- 
postulation conveys the conviction of his 
own mind, that the fatal termination of 
the contest was inevitable and not very 
remote. G. 

Lampada. This is an allusion to the 
torch-races at Athens. VS. Plat. Leg-, vi. 
K. to tJjj koiTYis tyiyyoi kei/x'ra^svo/u.ivov 
ItccXXwXoi; "b'ia.l$o%c&7s i<ro%govov yiv/Hnrcti 
xo'crpcf Philo. CAS. Varr. R. R. iii. 16, 
9. in palastra qui tadas ardentes accipit, 
celerior est in cursu continuo, quam ille 
qui tradit : . . . propterea quod defatigatus 
cursor dat integro facem ; Cic. Heren. 4„ 
Lucr. ii. 77 sq. According to Suidas, 
there were three festivals of this kind, 
the Panathenasan, the Hephaestian, and 
the Promethean. In the latter they ran 
from the altar of Prometheus in the 
Academe to the city, A, v. 8. PR. 



454 



THE SATIRES 



SAT. VI. 



Sum tibi Mercurius : venio deus hue ego, ut ille 
Pingitur. An renuis ? vin tu gaudere relictis ? 
" Deest aliquid summae." Minui mihi : sed tibi totum est, 
05 Quidquid id est. Ubi sit, fuge quaere re, quod mihi 
quondam 

Legarat Stadius ; neu dicta repone paterna, — 

c Feneris accedat merces; hinc exime sumtus !' 

" Quid reliquum est ?" Reliquum ? nunc, nunc im- 

pensius unge, 
Unge, puer, caules. Mihi festa luce coquatur 
70 Urtica et fissa fumosum sinciput aure, 



through the Ceramicus. The candidate 
who ran the course without extinguishing 
the torch, which he carried in his hand, 
claimed the victory. MIT. According 
to Pausanias, i. 30. the competitors were 
limited to three, cf. Her. vi. 105, and 
viii. 98, notes. " Sur le soir, je me laissai 
entrainer a l" Acadc'mie, pour voir la course 
du jlambeau. La carricre n'a que six a 
sept slades de longueur. Elle s'etend depuis 
Vaulel da Promtthee, qui est a la porta de 
ce jardin, jusq'aux murs de la ville. 
Plusieurs jeunes gens sout places, dans cet 
intervalle, a des distances tgales. Quand 
les cris de la multitude out donnd le signal, 
le premier allume le Jlambeau sur Vaulel, 
et le porte en courant au second, qui le 
transmet, de la meme manicre, au troisicme, 
et ainsi successivement. Ceux qui le 
laissent icleindre, ne peuvent plus con- 
courir. Ceux qui ralentissent leur marche, 
sont litre's aux railleries et mSme au 
coups de la populace. II faut, pour 
remporter le prix, avoir parcouru lea 
diffcrentes stations. Cette esjicce de combat 
se renouvela plusieurs fois. II se divsrsifie 
suivant la nature des fetes;'" Barthelemy, 
V. du J. A. c. xxiv. The wags in the 
Ceramicus were very liberal of their prac- 
tical jokes towards any poor wight who en- 
gaged in the race without due qualifica- 
tions both of wind and limb : era<p«vav^v 
TlavaHnvatoKri ytXuv, ors hh fi^ahbi 
lfZga%h; Vj clvfyaTos ris t6n xu$a$, Xivxo(, 
vrttdv, uToXtivroftivo;, xct) $siva vroiuv xdf 
oi Kigccftr,; iv Tccliri WuXats Tutoutr alrou 
yairrsgx vXiv^as . Xuyovas , vrvyw ohl rur 
<rn(/.iv<); touat -rXwruai; , tyvawv rrjv Xa.fjt.7rah' , 
'ifiuyiv Arist. R. 1087 sqq. cf. 1085. 
129—133. V. 1203. Plat. Rep. i. p. 4. 
62. * Mercury' (ii. 44, note,) was 



' painted' with a full purse in his hand. 
LU. Suid. Macr. PR. ' Do not look 
upon my estate as necessarily devolving 
upon you, but rather regard me as the 
god of gain, holding out to you unlooked 
for and fortuitous advantages:' alluding 
still to bis declining health, which afforded 
an unexpected chance to the heir; who 
was evidently his senior. G. 

63. An 7tiagis excors rejecta prceda, 
quam prcesens Mercurius fert; Hot. II 
S. iii. 67 sq. PR. 

' To accept with thankfulness whatever 
I may leave, be it more or less.' PR. 

64. 4 Whatever I subtract is taken 
from my estate, not from yours: the 
property which 1 leave, will be yours; 
of this you will have the whole.' PR. 

65. ' You have no right to call me to 
account for the items of my expenditure, 
and to enquire what became of this and 
that legacy.' LU. 

Fuge qucv.rere ; Hor. I Od. ix. 13. 

66. « Repeat.' PR. 

Paterna; cf. .luv. xiv. 119 sqq. PR. 
' Which fathers are wont to inculcate.' 
CAS. 

67. " Live on the interest of your 
fortune." G. VS. cf. Hor. I S. ii. 14. iii. 
88. K. 

Hinc i. e. ' and not on the principal.' 

VS. v 

68. Nunc $c. Hot. II S. iii. 125. PR. 
ii. 61. K. 

69. ' Am I to stint myself of comforts, 
that your scapegrace of a son may revel 
in luxuries?' CAS. 

Cf. Juv. xiv. 136. Hor. I Ep. v. 12 
sqq. PR. 

70. Urtica: cf. Plin. xvi. 24. Cat. 
xiiv. 15. PR, 



SAT. VI. 



OF PERSIUS. 



455 



75 



Ut tuus iste nepos olim satur anseris extis, 
Quum morosa vago singultiet inguine vena, 
Patricias immejat vulvae ? Mihi trama flgurae 
Sit reliqua, ast illi tremat omento popa venter ? 

Vende animam lucro : mercare atque excute solers 
Omne latus mundi : ne sit prasstantior alter 
Cappadocas rigida pingues plausisse catasta : 
Rem duplica. " Feci : jam triplex, jam mihi quarto, 



' A pig's cheek or chopper.' Ath. ix. 
8. Plin. PR. Juv. xiii. 85. M. id. xi. 82 
sq, note. K. 

71. Nepos, an equivoque. LU. 
Anseris; Juv. v. 114, note. PR. Petr. 

137. (H.) K. 

72. • That, when his wayward humour 
(Hor. I S. ii. 33.) is cloyed with the 
roving (Prop. I. v. 7.) wanton, he may 
corrupt some patrician dame,' by means 
of my gold. CAS. K. 

73. Posidonius dum vult describere, pri- 
mum quemadmodum alia torqueantur Jila, 
alia ex molli solutoque ducantur, deinde 
quemadmodum iela suspensis ponderibus 
rectum stamen extendat, quemadmodum 
subtemen [i. e. x£0Kn~\ hisertum, quod 
duritiam utrimque comyrimentis tramae 
remolliat, spatha coire cogatur et jungi : 
textricum quoque artem a sapientibus 
dixit inventam; Sen. Ep. 90. r^lfiuvts 
IxksiTrovrti o'lftovrut xgoxag' Eur. Aut. 
fr. iii. 12. The * warp' (stamen) was 
well twisted, the * woof' (subtemen) was 
left loose, to enable the fuller to give 
the cloth the requisite softness. CAS. 
[In the contest between Minerva and 
Arachne, gracili geminas intendunt stami" 
ne telas. tela jugo vincta est: stamen 
secernit arundo : inseritur medium radiis 
subtemen acutis ; quod digiti expcdiunt, 
atque inter stamina ductum percussoferiunt 
insecti pectine denies ; Ov. M. vi. 54 sqq. 
cf. Lucr. v. 1352.] While the cloth is 
fresh and has the nap on, the threads do 
not appear, but when it loses the nap, it 
becomes what we call thread-bare. M. 
cf. SV, on 2E. iii. 483. K. Metaphore 
hardie, et toutefoisparfaitement exacte. La 
trame est lajil que la navette entrelace a 
diverses reprises dans la chaine ; c'est la 
premier tissu de la toile. Lorsque la toile 
est usee, la frame paroit. RL. It here 
means a person whose bones may be seen 
through his skin. DA 7 . 

74. " That he may strut with more 
than priestly pride, And swag his portly 



paunch from side to side." G. 

Popa, which is here an epithet of venter, 
is properly a substantive, signifying ' the 
minister who slew the victims.' These 
priests generally grew fat from the ample 
share of the sacrifices which fell to their 
lot. LU. M. 

75. ' Pawn thy very soul for lucre.' 
DN. Persius now turns again to the 
miser. M. cf. Juv. viii. 192. K. 

Mercare; cf. v. 134 sqq. PR. Juv. xiv. 
275 sqq. K. 

76. Latus mundi; Hor. I Od. xxii. 19. 

77. Majicipiis locuples eget aris Cappa- 
docum rex ; Hor. I Ep. vi. 39. Cappa- 
docem modo abreptum de grege venalium 
diceres; Cic. post Red. A, ii. 27. PR. 
Luc. Asin. t. ii. p. 604. Mart. VI. Ixxvii. 
4. Petr. 29. 63. Juv. vii. 15, note; K. 
and i. 104, note. 

Plausisse. The slave-merchants used 
' to slap with their open hands' the 
slaves they offered for sale, to show 
purchasers the good condition they were 
in. CAS. T. 

The catasta was a kind of moveable 
machine, in which the slaves were ranged 
on different platforms according to their 
age or stature. It appears to have been 
appropriated to the more select and valu- 
able ones : inspexit molles pueros, oculisque 
comedit non hos quos prima prostituere 
cases, sed quos arcana servant tabulata 
catasta, et quos non populus, nec mea 
turba videt; Mart. IX. lx. This is said 
of Mamurra, (cf. Juv. vii. 133, note,) 
who would never have condescended to 
look at common ware. From the epithets 
rigida and arcana, it may be surmised 
that the catasta was secured by some kind 
of screen or lattice-work ; especially as 
the slaves were stripped for inspection, 
cf. Juv. i. 1 1 1 , note ; Prop. I V. v. 51 sq. 
Plin. xxxv. 17 sq. Claud, xviii. 35 sq. 
Suet. 111. Gr. 13. CAS. G. PR. K. [U, 
on Livy xxviii, 21, g. ED.] 

78. Mille talenta rotundentur, totidem 



456 



THE SATIRES OF PERSIUS. sat. vi. 



Jam decies redit in rugam. Depunge, ubi sistam." 
80 Inventus, Chrysippe, tui finitor acervi. 



altera: porro tertia succedunt , et quce pars 
quadret acervum; Ilor. I Ep. vi. 34 sq. 
CAS. cf. Ill Od. xxiv. 59 sqq. Juv. xiv. 
139 sqq. 323 sqq. Claud. III. 183 sqq. 
196 sqq. PR. K. 

79. This is a metaphor taken from 
folds in a garment, which are numerous 
in proportion to the quantity of the stuff. 
Hence the expressions duplicare, multi- 
plicare, $c. TAJ. M. Ov. A. A. iii. 454. 
K. Juv. xiv. 229. 

Depunge: the metaphor is taken from 
the graduated arm of the steelyard : cf. 
v. 100. CAS. or from a master marking 
the place to which his pupil was to learn. 
GE. 

80. ' Should I assign this point, in me 
would be found the person who could also 
assign a limit to the heap of Chrysippus; 
who could also affiim with precision 
how many grains of corn just constitute 



a heap, so that but one grain being 
taken away, the remainder would be no 
heap.' rerum natura nullum nobis dedit 
cognilionem Jinium, ut ulla in re slatuerc 
possimus quatenus: nec hoc in acervo 
Iritici solum, unde nomen est, sed nulla 
omnino in re minututim interroganti : dives, 
pauper 1 clarus, obscurus sill multa, 
paucal magna, parval longa, brevial 
lata, angustal quanta aut addito aut 
demto cerium quod respondeamus, non 
habe.mus; Cic. Ac. Q. II. xxviii sq. 92. 
CAS. Hor. II Ep. i. 36—49. (GE.) 
PR. Laert. ii. 108. (MEN.) cf. Arist. 
PI. 134 sqq. K. 

Chrysippus: v. 64. LU. Laert. vii. 
Cic. N. D. i. PR. Of the seven hundred 
and fifty books which he wrote, not one 
is extant. G. 

With the conclusion of this Satire, 
compare that of Juv. xiv. CAS. 



VERBAL 

TO 

JUVENAL'S 



INDEX 
SATIRES. 



The former number indicates the Satire ; the latter numbers tel! the Lines. 



A. 

A 1, 14 36 99. 3, 57 71 
89 106 202 321. 4, 3 
116. 5, 44 91 109. 6, 
26 35 69 139 233 253 
285 376 503 528 554. 
7, 70 164 196. 8, 131. 

9, 115 140. 10, 1 29 
72 126 131 171 247. 
11, 23 42 51 89 146 
147 160. 12, 14 58. 
13, 30 36 110 122 149 
158 170 231. 14, 14 
170. 15, 30 72 143 
146. 16, 17 &c. 

ab 1, 49. 2, 81. 3, 109. 
4. 130. 5, 125 135 155. 
6, 327 347. 8, 273. 

10, 253 270. 11, 26 
113. 12, 28 130. 16, 25 

abaci 3, 204 
abditus 6, 237 
abdomine 2, 86. 4, 107 
abeant 14, 149 
abest 6, 294 
abeunt 1, 132. 6, 312 
abit 6, 128 
abi 14,213 
abicit 15, 17 
abies 3, 255 
ablegandae 14, 202 
abluet 6, 523 
abnego 13, 94 
abnuat 6, 540 
abnuerit 15, 104 
abolla 4, 76 
abollce 3, 115 
abortivis2, 32 
abort ivo 6, 368 
abreptum 13, 178 



abrupta 6, 649 
abrupto 14, 250 
abrumpere 2, 116 
abscondente 6, 120 
abscondere 12, 18 
abscondit 8, 203, 9, 33 
ab&enti 1, 123 
absit4, 130. 16,25 
absolvitur 13, 3 
absorbuit 6, 126 
abstineas 14, 38 
abstinet 6, 535. 11, 171. 
15, 11 

abstinuit 14, 99. 15, 173 

abstuleris 6, 330 

abstulit 4, 19 151. 8, 242. 

10, 286 
absumpto 15, 91 
abundat 2, 8 

ac 1, 65 98. 2, 34 43 72, 
&c. 

accedente 11, 85 
accepta 6, 113 
acceptse 13, 186 
aeceptissima 3, 58 
accepto 13, 129 
Acci 6, 70 
accidit 12, 29 

accipe 3, 187 295. 4, 65. 

7, 36 165 243. 13, 120. 

14,191. 15,31 
accipere 10, 295 
accipiat 1, 42 55. 7, 147 
accipient 2, 83 
accipies 1, 99 
accipiet8, 88 
accipimus 9, 31 
acci pis 6, 76 
accipit 3, 103. 6, 472 
accipiunt 3, 133. 10, 229. 

12, 88 

3 N 



accusare 3, 54 
accusat 6, 243 
accusator 1, 161 
accusatori 13, 187 
accuset 2, 27 
acer 2, 77. 7, 190 
acerbi 7, 57 
acerbo 14, 18 54 
acerbum 11, 44 
Acersecomes 8, 128 
acervo 6, 364. 13, 10 
acervos 8, 100. 13, 57 
Acestes 7, 235 
aceto 3, 292. 10, 153. 13, 
85 

Achasss 3, 61 

Achillem 10, 256 

Achilles 1, 163. 7, 210. 8, 

271. 14,214 
Achillis 11, 30 
acies 9, 65, 15, 60 
Aciiius 4, 94 
Accenonoetus 7,218 
aconita 1, 158. 6, 639. 8, 

219. 10,25 
acquirenda 14, 223 
acquirendi 14, 115 125 
acquirere 14, 238 
acre 6, 109 
acres 11, 165 
acri 13, 216 
acribus 14, 322 
acrior 7, 109. 15, 62 
acris 10, 252 
acta 2, 136. 7, 104 
Actiadt 2, 109 
Actoris 2, 100 
actorum 9, 84 
actum 6, 58. 10, 155. 14, 

149 

acu 2, 94. 6, 498 



45a 



verbal index 



acumen 4, 102 
acuta 5, 89 
acutos 5, 41 

ad I, 41 44 57 90 104 

&c. 

ad summam 3, 79 
adamas 6, 156 
addat 1, 118 147 
adde 12, 46 

addequod 14, 114. 15, 47 
addit 13, 82 
additur 10, 151 
ademit 16, 37 

adeo 3, 274. 6, 50 59. 8, 
183. 10,297. 11, 131. 
12, 36. 13, 59 183. 14, 
234 

adeoque 8, 183 

adest 4, 107. 5, 63. 6, 220. 
10, 254. 12, 67 

adhibere 5, 16 

acihibet 2, 135 

adhuc 3, 111 215. 4, 10. 
6, 128 192 227 501. 7, 
196. 8, 36. 10, 116. 12, 
15. 13, 41. 15, 35 

adipata 6, 631 

adjuta 6, 506 

adjutor 3, 322 

adjuvat 12, 42 

admirabile 4, 39 

admirabilis 13, 53 

admirandisque 10, 11 

admirari 7, 31 

admiratio 6, 646 

admiserit 10, 255 

admisit 6, 494 

admissa 4, 64 

admittas 10, 340 

admitte 6, 329 

admittentia 5, 69. 7, 65 

adraittere 14, 217 

admittimus 3, 171 

admittitis 1 , 21 

admittunt 3, 235. 13, 237 

admota 10, 149 

admotaque 6, 497 

adinoto 8, 82 

admotum 6, 427 

admoveas 2, 148. 14, 12 

admovet 10, 329 

adnotet 14, 195 

adnuet 8, 153 

adnuit 3, 318 

adoperta 8, 145 

adora 6, 47 

adorandae 13, 148 

adorant 14, 97 

adorat 3, 300. 6, 322. 15, 
2 

adoratum 10, 62 



Adriaci 4, 39 
adscendit 1, 82 
adseculse 9, 48 
adsedisse 11, 200 
adsidua 14, 118 
adsidue 9, 36. 13, 172 
adsiduis 5, 95. 6, 248. 8, 
243 

adsiduo 1, 13. 8, 159 

adsiduos 3, 8 

adsint 9, 40 

adspecti 4, 143 

adspectu 6, 461 

adspersus 5, 104 

adspexit 15, 71 

adspioe 2, 166. 5, 80. 6, 
261. 10, 193 209. 12, 
61. 13, 76. 14, 275 

adspicere 7, 68 

adspiceres 15, 56 

adspiciat 14, 69 

adspiciendus 10, 241 

adspicimus 15, 169 

adstringit 8, 148 

adsueti 15, 167 

adsum 1, 102 

adsunt 11,71 

adsurrexerat 13, 55 

adtendas 10,251. 11, 16 

adtc-ndit 6, 66 

adteritur 16, 50 

adtigerant 8, 252 

adtigit 14, 106 

adtollatque 14,236 

adtollens 2, 95 

adtoilit 14, 95 

adtonitaj 4, 77. 6, 316. 7, 
67 

adtonitaraque 1 1, 197 
adtonitis 8, 239 
adtonito 15, 13 
adtonitos 4, 146. 13, 194 
adtomtus 12, 21. 14, 306 
adtrita 13, 242 
adtritus 6, 108. 8, 16 
adtulit 3, 75 
advectae, 9, 23 
advectus 3, 83 
adventum 6, 518 
adversis 10, 129. 12, 53. 

13, 156 
adversum 5, 77 
advexisse 14, 271 
adulandi 3, 86 
adulator 4, 116 
adultae 15, 138 
adulter 1, 78. 2, 29. 3, 45. 

4, 4. 6,237 329 404 567. 

8,144. 9,80. 10,311 

318 

adultera 14, 25 



adulterium 11, 175 
advocat 6, 236 
advolat 6, 226 
adhi 13, 205 
^acidae 8, 270 
^iacus 1, 10 
cede 3, 139. 7,37 
cedem 3, 31. 6,528. 14,90 
33des3, 222. 4,7. 7,40. 

10, 17 
aedicula 8, 1 1 1 
a;dificare 10, 264. 15, 153 
aedificat 6, 503 
anlificator 14, 86 
^dilibus 3, 162 179 
^Ldilis 10, 102 
JEgKi 13, 81 246 
a?ger 3,232. 4, 3. 12, 122 
aagra 6, 579 
aegram 12, 95 

aagri 9, 16. 10, 207. 13, 
124 

eegris 4, 57. 13, 234 
aegro 7, 52. 9, 18 
aegros 10, 221 
a;grotante 6, 389 
iEgypti 6, 527 
yEgyptius 1, 130 
/E«yptus 15, 2 45 116 
yElia 6, 72 
.'Emilianos 8, 3 
jEmilio 7, 124 
^imilius 6, 32 
eemula 11, 74 
aenea 3, 285 
jEneae 15, 67 
yEneam 1, 162 
./Eneas 5, 139 
aeneus7, 125. 13, 115 
aenigmata 3, 50 
aeno 8, 86. 15, 81 
/Eoliis 1, 8 
^Eolio 10, 181 
oequa4, 71. 8, 177 
aequales 3, 177 
aequanda 14, 314 
aaquantem 4, 16 
oequare 14, 257 
nequat 3, 88. 6, 323 
aequo 13, 1 1 
aequor 1, 81 

aequora 12, 75. 14, 279 
aequore 4, 54. 8, 61 
aequos 14, 15 
aequus 16, 56 
aer 6, 99. 12, 42 
aera 6, 306. 13, 169 
aere 10, 50 

asra 6, 125 442. 7, 217. 

1G, 55 
a?rata 14, 259 



TO JUVENAL. 



459 



aere 2, 118 152. 6, 235 
546. 9, 122. 11, 39 

*erea 1 1 , 96 

aeris 7, 61 

amigine 13, 61 

aerumnae 3, 210 

ffirumnas 10, 361 

aestibus 4, 87 

jestivi 14, 131 

festivum 1, 28. 14, 295 

ajstuat 3, 50. 10, 169 

aestuo 2, 71. 3, 103 

aetas 5, 61. 6, 23. 7, 32 
8, 171. 13, 28 

aetate 6, 499. 14, 161. 15, 
109 

^thiopem 2, 23. 8, 33 
^Ethiopis 6, 600 
iEthiopum 10, 150 
aevi 4, 94 

aBvo 6, 325. 10, 255. 13, 

53. 15,32 
affari 14, 211 
affect are 2, 106 
affectas 11, 33 
affectat 10, 209 
affectibus 12, 10 
affectu 8, 161 
affectus 6, 214. 15, 150 
afferat 14, 198 
afferimus 12, 56 
afferre 4, 85 
afferri 5, 144 
affers 6, 168 

affert6,6I0. 7,215. 9, 91. 

14, 78 
afferte, 6, 416 
affertur 5, 87 
afficit 7, 85 

afficiunt 8, 268. 14, 24 
affigit 9, 149 
affirmat 6, 58 
affixa 10, 133 
affixus 5, 40 
Afra? U, 142 
Africa 7, 149. 10, 148 
Afris 5, 152 
Afrorum 7, 120 
Afros 8, 120 
agam 9, 67 

Agamemnona 14, 286 
Agamemnonida? 8, 215 
Aganippes 7, 6 
agant 1,9. 6, 403 
agas2, 71. 3, 291. 4, 14. 

8, 76 
Agathyrsi 15, 125 
agatur 4, 66. 6, 395 500 
Agaven 7, 87 
age 14, 192 
agebas 9, 9 



agebat 7, 143 144 
agello 6, 57. 8, 109 
agendi 16, 49 
agendis 14, 72 
agentem 13, 32 
ager 9, 56 
agere 9, 43 
agerent 4, 49 
agerentur 6, 336 
ageres 8, 186 

aggere 5, 153. 6, 588. 8, 
43 

aggeris 16, 26 

agili 2, 142 

agimus 2, 51. 7, 48 

agit3, 94, 305. 5, 157. 13, 
110. 15, 163 

agitant 2, 21. 7, 168 

agitare 10, 33 

agitas 14, 68 

agitat 6, 251. 14, 284 

agite 7, 20 

agitem 1, 52 

agitent 5, 69 

agitentque 6, 475 

agitur 4, 35. 6, 659. 13, 

28. 15, 97 
agmina 3, 258. 15, 56 
agmine 3, 162 244. 10, 

218 280 
agminis 10, 45 

agna 6, 392. 8, 15. 13, 63 

agnam 12, 3 

agoitus 1, 99 

agnoscendus 8, 206 

agnosci 6, 468 

agnoscit 10, 234 

agnosco 8, 26 

agnum 2, 123 

agrestem 13, 39 

agri 3, 141. 14, 159 172 

Agrippa, 6, 158 

Agrippinae 6, 620 

agris 2, 79. 14, 71 

agro 1, 107. 6, 56. 11, 65. 

12, 105 
agrorum 11,41 
acrros 3, 322. 4, 27. 14, 
151 

agrum 6, 525. 9, 45 
agunt 1, 85 

Ajax 7, 115. 10, 84. 14, 

213. 15, 65 
ait 2, 22. 4, 131. 5, 18. 

9, 63 
Alabandis 3, 70 
alapas 8, 192 

alas 3, 25. 11, 157. 14, 

195 
Alba 4, 61 
alba 6, 177 



albaque 13, 117 

alba? 3, 179. 13, 141 

Albana 4, 100 

Albanam 4, 145 

Albani 13, 214 

Albanis 5, 33 

albi 12, 65 

Albinam 3, 130 

albis 1, 111 

albo 2, 112. 7, 202 

albus 2, 23 

Alcestim 6, 653 

Alcinoo 15, 15 

Alcyonem 7, 12 

alea 1, 88. 8, 10. 11, 174. 

14, 4 
Alexander 14, 311 
Algae 4, 48 
algentem 7, 183 
alget 1, 74 
alia 3, 268. 16, 35 
alia 6, 437. 7, 114 182 
aliae 6, 67 

aliam 5, 52. 6, 504. 14, 

253. 15, 122 
aliamque 4, 138 

alias 3, 315. 12, 40. 14, 

254. 15,57 

aliena 13, 34. 15, 102 142 

aliena 3, 181. 5, 2 

alieni 6, 478 

alienis 10, 229 

alieno 8, 246 

alienum 3, 105. 6, 21 

alii 2, 66. 3, 46. 7, 5 166 

aliis 11, 59 

aliraentis 15, 93 

alio 8, 27 54. 10, 197 

aliorum 8, 76 

alios 6, 240. 7, 213. 8, 61. 

11, 177 
aliosque 10, 150 
aliptes 3, 76. 6, 422 
aliqua 6, 15 
aliquam 12, 110 
aliquando 3, 184. 6, 360. 

9, 28 

aliquem 4, 126. 6, 280. 11, 

202. 15, 170 
aliquid 1, 73. 2, 2 82 149. 

3, 24 180 217 230 297. 

4, 147. 5, 33 167. 7, 24 
220. 8, 41 68 263. 9, 
139. 10 207 354. 14, 
203 323. 15, 92 

aliquis 1, 74. 3, 120. 6, 
587 632. 11,86. 13,49. 
14, 21 134. 15, 24 &c. 

aliquo 8, 173 

aliquod 13, 37 

alis 10, 178 



460 



VERBAL INDEX 



aliter 3, 281. 6, 11 619. 7, 
220 

aliud4,78. 6,23. 7,199. 12, 
24. 14,321 twice. 15,154 
alium 9, 92 
aliunde 7, 22 

alius 1, 10. 5, 67. 8, 178 
245. 10, 257. 12, 48. 
13, 90 

Alledius 5, 118 

Allobroga 7,214 

Allobrogicis 8, 13 

alnum 3, 266 

aloes 6, 181 

Alpemquc 10, 152 

Alpes 10, 166 

Alpibus 13, 162 

Alpha 14, 209 

alta 4, 131. 6, 431. 14, 88 

alta 3, 69 136 

alta: 6, 31 

altaque 8, 131 

altaria 8, 156. 12,94. 13, 89 

altaribus 12, 119 

alte 3, 256 

alter 3, 132 149 246. 4, 11. 

6, 427. 7, 95. 9, 66 145. 

10,28 30. 11,63 twice. 12, 

115. 13, 72. 14,33 62 
altera 3, 255. 6, 148 440 

495. 7, 16. 9, 133. 14, 

141 170 309. 15, 73 
alterius 6, 17 341. 10,210. 

11, 167. 14,131. 15, 39 
alternaque 6, 268 
alternum 12, 31 
alti 6, 385 415. 7, 125 
altilis 5, 115 168 
altior 6, 492. 10, 106. 13, 

173 

altis 6, 607. 8, 106. 10,36 

altisoni 11, 179 

alto 8, 40. 14, 185 

altos 10, 150 176 

ahum 1, 16. 6, 502 634 

alveolis 5, 38 

alveolos 7, 73 

alveus 12, 30 

alumni 11, 98 

alumnos 6, 609 

alumnus 1, 20. 14, 247 

alvo 5, 7 

alula 14, 282 

alutae 7, 192 

amans 3, 228 

amant 6, 1 12 

amanti 6, 208 

amantis 6, 209 

amara 13, 247 

amaras 2, 30 

amat 6, 253 608. 10, 320 



amata; 2, 241 

amati 3, 186 

amator 2, 168 

amatorem 6, 548 

amatur 6, 143 

amaturus 6, 201 

amaverit 10, 220 

amavi 10, 68 

ambae 10, 328 

ambigua; 8, 80 

ambit 16, 48 

ambitio 8, 135 

ambitiosa 3, 182 

ambitiosi 7, 50 

ambo 2, 153. 9, 66 

ambos 10, 227 

ambrosiusque 6, 77 

ambulat 6, 305 

amens 14, 94 

ames 6, 62. 7, 9 

amet 6, 404. 12, 130 

ametliystina 7, 136 

ametur 6, 75. 12, 130 

arnica; 1, 62. 3, 12. 4, 20. 
6, 455. 7, 82 

arnicas 6, 353, 481 

amici 1, 33. 3, 1 87 101 
112. 4, 88. 6, 346. 8, 
152. 9, 62. 10,234. 12, 
16. 14, 65. 15, 134 

amicis 1, 146. 5, 108 113 
146 

amicitia 6, 558 
amicitiaj 4, 75. 5, 14 
amico 3, 57. 5, 32 173. 7, 

74. 12, 96. 14, 235 
amicos 6, 313 510. 10, 46. 

16, 28 
amictu 2, 82 
amictus 1, 142 
amicum 3, 116 121 279. 5, 

140 

amicus 2, 134. 3, 107. 5, 
134. 6, 214. 9, 130. 13, 
15 60 

amissa 13, 134 

amnem 6, 522 

amnes 10, 177 

amnibus 8, 170 

amnis 13, 69 

amoeni 3, 4 

amomo 4, 108. 8, 159 
amor 14, 139 238 
amore 4, 1 14 
amorem 6, 275. 14, 227 
Ampliion 6, 174 
ampla 12, 10 
amplectitur 10, 141 
amplexu 6, 65. 9, 75 
amplior 6, 629. 14, 171 
amplius 5, 148. 6, 119 



Amydone 3, 69 
an 2, 121. 6, 61 75 473. 
7, 141 142. 9, 43. 10, 
100. 1 1, 34 twice. 13, 18 
153 203. 14, 18 265. 
15, 89 
annon 1, 154 
anabathra 7, 46 

Anchemoli 7, 235 

Anchisaj 7, 234 

Anci 5, 57 

ancilibus 2, 126 

ancillfv 6, 119. 8,259 

ancillarura 12, 117 

ancillas 6, 320 

ancipitem 1 1, 32 

ancipites 5, 146 

ancipiti 14, 272 

Ancon 4, 40 

a.v\* 9, 37 

Andro 3, 70 

Andromachen 6, 503 

auguem 1, 43 

anguilla 5, 103 

anguis 14, 241 

angulus 6, 579. 13, 74 

angusta 3, 165. 6, 357 

angusta 10, 93 

angusta; 9. 127. 10, 117 

angustam 3, 90 

angusto 10, 169 

angustos 6, 78 

angustum 12, 55 

anheles 6, 37 

anima 1, 83 

anima; 2, 156. 3, 261. 6, 
501. 8, 254. 10, 163 

animal 1, 141 

animalia 8, 56. 12, 2. 14, 
76. 15, 99 

animalibus 15, 11 173 

animam 6, 631 654. 8, 83. 

10, 281. 12, 57 
animas 4, 152. 6, 629. 9, 

122. 14, 16. 15, 94 149 
animi 4, 91. 6, 190 613. 8, 

24 140. 9, 18. 10, 240. 

13, 190. 14, 119 
animis 2, 139. 15, 52 
animisque 12, 83 
animo 1, 152 169. 6, 180. 

11, 15. 13, 195. 14, 
329 

animorum 10, 350 

animos 1, 89. 6, 285. 7, 

34 85. 14, 33 
animum 2, 12. 6, 97. 10, 

357. 13, 106. 14,15 265. 

15, 149 
animus 3,50. 6, 207. 7, 57 
annalibus 2, 102 



TO JUVENAL 



46 L 



anne 4, 78. 7, 179 199. 

10, 207. 15, 122 
anni 11 , 72. 13, 88 

annis 3, 282. 10, 239. 13, 
58 

anno 1, 117. 11, 53 

annona 9, 100 

annos 4, 129. 6, 199. 7, 
39 235. 8, 229. 10, 188 
249. 13, 17. 14, 48 

annosam 11, 1 19 

annua 6, 480. 16,39 

annulus 7, 140. 10, 166. 

11, 43 129 
annum 3, 225. 6, 521 
annus 6, 192. 7, 242. 14, 

10 197. 16,42 

ansere 6, 540 

anseribus, anseris 5, 114 

Antaeum 3, 89 

ante 1, 169. 2, 44. 3, 111 
243. 4, 40. 5, 56 114 
148. 6, 390 417 428 566 
590. 7, 143. 8, 11 22 
61 144 156 228. 9, 108. 
10, 191 268 339. 11, 
188 190. 12, 113. 14, 
255 320 

ante alpha et beta 14, 209 

ante, adverb, 6, 227 632 

antennas 12, 19 

Anticatones 6, 338 

Anticyra 13, 97 

Antigones 8, 229 

Antilochi 10, 253 

Antiochus 3, 98 

Antiphates 14, 20 

antiqua 15, 33 

antique 14, 270 

antiquaria 6, 454 

antiqui 15, 109 

antiquis 1, 138. 6, 45. 16, 
15 

anliquissime 6, 393 
antiquo 6, 529. 7, 72. 10, 

336. 13, 149 
antiquum 6, 21 
antistes 2, 113 
Antonl 10, 123 
Antonius 8, 105 
antris 13, 41 

antro 4, 21. 6, 328. 7, 59 
antrum 1, 8 
Anubis 6, 534 
anxia 4, 149. 10, 290 
anxietas 13, 211 
anxietate 7, 57 
anxius 10, 80 
Aonidum 7, 59 
aper 5, 116. 11, 138. 15, 
162 



aperire 4, 110. 9, 98 
aperit6, 467 
aperta 6, 392 
apertze 7, 103 
apertius 4, 69 
aperto 6, 18 
apex 12, 72 
Apicius 4, 23. 11, 3 
apium 8, 226 

apium (for apum) examen 

13, 68 
aplustre 10, 136 
Apollo 1, 128. 13, 203 
Apollinis 7, 37 
appellas 7, 158 
appellat 9, 64 
apponere 9, 98 
appositam 7, 192 
Appula praedia 9, 55 
Appula, proper name, 6, 

64 

Appulia 4, 27 

apri 5, 167. 15, 162 

apros 1, 141 

aprum 1, 23 

aptam 12, 39 

apti 15, 145 

aptior 6, 581 

aptissima 10, 349 

aptusque 7, 58 

apud 6, 91 395 489. 11, 

137. 15, 31 
aquae 3, 19 
aquam 3, 198. 5, 52 
aquarius 6, 332 
aquas 6, 528 
aquilam 14, 197 
aquilas 8, 52 
Aquilone Decembri 9, 68 
Aquino 3, 319 
aquis 11, 63 
ara 2, 89 

ara8, 13. 15, 115 

Arabarches 1 , 130 

arabat 14, 160 

Arachne 2, 56 

ara: 12, 7 

arseque 13, 37 

aram 1, 44. 6, 307 390. 

10, 83 268 
aramque 14, 219 
aranea 14, 61 

aras 1, 114. 3, 145. 6,344. 

12, 112. 13, 219 
aratris 2, 74 

aratro 7, 49. 8, 246. 10, 

270. 13, 65. 14, 181 
arbiter 8, 79 
arbitrio 13, 177 
arbor 3, 16 

arbore 11, 117. 14, 80 



arboribus 12, 105 
arboris 6, 545. 12, 32 
arbusta 14, 144 
area 10, 25 

area 1, 90. 3, 143 181. 6, 

363. 11, 26. 14, 259 
Arcadico 7, 160 
area? 13, 74 
arcana 2, 61. 13, 73 
arcana 15, 141 
arcanam 6, 543 
arcano 2, 125. 14, 102 
arcanum 9, 116 
arce 3, 192. 10, 307. 14, 

87. 15, 146 
arcem 4, 145 
arcessere 11, 17 
archetypos 2, 7 
Archigene 13, 93 
Archigenen6, 236. 14,252 
archimagiri 9, 109 
arcto 3, 236 
arcu 10, 136 
arcum 6, 174 
arcus3, 11. 13, 82 
ardeat 1, 45. 6, 209 
ardebant 6, 618 
ardebit 3, 201. 10, 27 
ardens 1, 165. 6, 129. 11, 

6 155. 13, 14 
ardent 1, 156. 6, 139. 14, 

309 

ardente 14, 118 

ardentem 10, 253 

ardenti 2, 165. 3, 234. 14, 

22. 15 81 
arde~ntibu's 12, 22. 15, 52 
ardentis 10, 130 
arderet 4, 139 
ardet 2, 70. 3, 215. 6, 142. 

9, 96. 10, 62. 15, 35 
ardor 6, 317 
arena 3, 55 

arena 1, 157. 4, 100.8,206. 

14, 299. 16, 6 47 
arena; 3, 34. 6, 217 251 
arenam 2, 144 
aretalogus 15, 16 
argentea 6, 24 538 
argenteus 11, 128 
argenti 3, 220. 6, 355. 8, 

123. 9, 111. 10, 19. 11, 

41 108 
argento 12, 49 
argentum 1, 76. 7, 133. 9, 

31. 12, 43. 14, 62 291 
argillam 4, 134 
arguerint 1, 105 
arguit 13, 138 
arguitur 7, 159 
argumenta 9, 85 



462 



VERBAL INDEX 



Aricinos 4, 117 

arida 6, 144. 14, 61 

aristae 14, 183 

aristas 14, 147 

Aristotelem 2, 6 

arraa 2, 159. 8, 124 232 

270. 10, 267. 14, 5. 15, 

121. 16, 48 
armamentaria 13, 83 
armaria 7, 11 
armati 16, 34 
armatis 6, 154 
armato 3, 306 
armatum 2, 101 
Armenia; 8, 169 
Armenio 6, 407 
Armenius 2, 164. 6, 550 
armenti 8, 109 
armentum 12, 106 
armigero 1, 92 
Armillato 4, 53 
armis4, 93. 6, 264 292. 8, 

52 200 221. 11, 108. 

13, 168. 15, 155 
Arpinas 8, 237 245 
arridens 6, 606 
Artaxali 2, 170 

arte 1, 123. 6, 499. 10, 
110. 11, 172. 12, 67. 

14, 34 

artem 6, 452. 7, 177 
artes 4, 101. 6,595. 7,36. 

8, 224. 11, 100 
aitibus 3, 21. 14, 73. 15, 

145 

artificem 14, 116 
artifices 13, 154 
artificis 4, 18. 10, 238 
artificum 11, 102 
artis 6, 560 
artocopi 5, 72 
Artorius 3, 29 
artus 15 101 
arva 6, 410 
Arviragus 4, 127 
arundinis 10, 21 
asellas6, 469 
aselli 11, 97 
asello 6, 334 
asellum 9, 92 
A«iae 5, 56 
\siam 10, 266 
Asiani 7, 14 
Asianorum 3, 218 
asparagi 11, 69 
asparagis 5, 82 
aspera 14, 62 
aspernatur 4, 4 
assae 14, 208 
Assaraci 10, 259 
asse 10, 116 



assem 14, 301 

assemque 5, 144 

assere, noun 3, 245. 7, 132 

assibus 11, 145 

Assyrio 2, 108 

ast 3, 69. 6, 67. 7, 166. 

8, 46. 15, 78 165. 16, 

48 

Astraea 6, 19 

astro 6, 570. 10, 313 

astrologus 6, 554 

astrorum 3, 43. 6, 586 

Asturii 3, 212 

Asyli 6, 267 

asylo 8, 273 

at 1, 50. 3, 134 246 264. 

4, 120. 6, 363 659. 8, 

53 181 267. 9, 27 135. 

10, 127 352. 11, 120. 

13, 180. 14, 189 
atavos 3, 312 
Atellanae 6, 71 
Athena; 7, 205. 10, 127 
Athenas 15, 110 
Athenis 3, 80. 9, 101 
athletis 6, 356 
Athos 10, 174 
Atlanta 8, 32. 13, 48 
Atlas 11, 24 

atque 1, 65 67 115 129 
130 134 114 150 171. 
2, 15 31 38 61 &c. 

Aliens 7, 73 

atri 13, 51. 

atria 7, 7 91. 8, 20. 14, 65 

Atridem 4, 65 

Atrides 6, 660 

alris 5, 91 

atrocem 2, 12 

atrum 6, 350 

attegias 14, 196 

Atticus 11, 1 

a vara? 1, 77 

avaritia: 1, 88. 8, 89 

avaritiara 14, 108 

avan 14, 178 

avaro 6, 141 

avaros 14, 119 228 

avarus 7, 30. 9, 38. 14, 

111 
aucti 15, 73 
auctio 6, 255. 7, 10 
auctor 10, 30 11, 48 
auctores 7, 231 
auctori 13, 2 

auctoribus 8, 216. 14, 33 
auctumni 14, 190 
auctumno 4, 57. 10, 221 
auctumnos 6, 230 
auctumnum 11, 76 
auctumnus 5, 151 



audaces 10, 264 
audacia 3, 73. 13, 109 
audacius 6, 284 
audax 5, 74. 6, 399. 11, 
199 

aude 1, 73. 13, 161 
audeat 16, 9 10 29 
audebant 6, 645 
audebis 2, 82 

audent 2, 2. 5, 131. 6, 97. 

13, 234 
audeo 1 , 153 
audere 15, 122 
auderet 4, 47 
audes 8, 165 

audet 10, 175 305. 12, 48. 
15, 74 

audi 3, 115. 6, 115 220. 

11, 64. 12, 24 
audiat 7, 166. 11, 169 
audiet 9, 108. 14, 280 
audio 6, 346. 10, 81 
audiret 2, 74 
audis 13, 113 

audit 6, 481. 7, 108. 8, 

191. 13, 158 
audita 11, 112. 14, 200 
auditor 1,1 166 
auditur 7, 86 
avelli 3, 223 
avem 7, 32 
Aventini 3, 85 
aversus 6, 476 
averte 11, 181 
aves 14, 82 
Aufidio 9, 25 
augere 3, 189 
augur 3, 77. 6, 585 
Augusta 6, 118 
Augusto 3, 9 
Augustum 10, 77 
aviam 3, 112 
avis 6, 165. 11, 143 
aviti 16, 36 

aulfi 4, 93. 5, 138. 6, 486 
aula^a 6, 67. 10, 39. 14, 

263 

avos6, 163. 8, 17 

aura 12, 66 

aurata 10, 212 

auratam 6, 48 

auratis 6, 123 

aurato 6, 594 

auratum 2, 96 

aure 1, 104. 4, 86. 11, 59 

aurea 3, 108. 8, 207. 15,4 

Amelia 5, 98 

aurem 3, 122. 5, 107. 6, 

543. 9, 113. 11, 195 
auiemque 11, 187 
aures 10, 341 



TO JUVENAL. 



463 



aureus 7, 122 
auri 8, 123 

auribus 6, 459. 11, 169 
auriculis 8, 5 
auris 10, 215 

auro 6,205. 7, 89. 10,27. 

11, 116 
Aurorara 10, 2 
aurum 1, 10 28. 3, 55. 5, 

39 164. 6, 482 589. 7, 

243. 12, 129. 14, 298 
Auruncaa 1, 20 
Aurunci 2, 100 
ausa 6, 117 
ausae 7, 206 
ausi 8, 235 
auspex 10, 336 
Ausler 4, 59. 5, 100 
Austri 6, 517 
Austris 12, 69 
Austro 14, 268 
ausus 1,129. 6,345. 11, 

67 

aut 1, 5 44 53 twice 164. 2, 
52 97 110. 3,99 tw. 190 
191 tw. 192 295 tw. 7, 
233 tw. 8, 174 tw. 275 
tw. 14, 255 tw. Sec. 

autera 3, 209. 6,181. 7, 
217.8,119. 10,295314. 
11, 90. 13, 20 196. 14, 
83 &c. 

Automedon 1, 61 

Autonoes 6, 72 

alrh 9, 37 

avunculus 6, 615. 14, 43 
avus 1, 95. 8, 143 
auxiliis 8, 256 
auxilio 14, 183 
auxilium 15, 150 
axe 1, 60. 14, 42 
axem 6, 470 
axes 4, 117 
axis 3, 258. 8, 116 



B. 

Baca 3, 85 

bacchamur 6, 636 

Bacchanalia 2, 3 

Bacchi 7, 12 

bacillo 3, 28 

baculo 9, 140 

Bffiticus 12, 42 

Baianae 12, 80 

Baiarum 3, 4 

Baias 11, 49 

bala?na 10, 14 

balantem 13, 233 

balnea 1, 143. 6, 375 419. 



7, 131 178 233. 11, 156 
204 

balneolum 7, 4 

baltea 9, 112 

balteus 6. 255. 16, 48 

Baptae 2, 92 

barba 1, 25. 10, 226 

barba. 8, 166. 9, 4. 16, 31 

barbae 6, 367 

barbam 3, 186. 6, 215. 10, 

253. 14,216 
barbara3, 66. 15, 46 
barbarus 6, 158. 10, 138 

181 

barbato 4, 103. 6, 16. 13, 
56 

barbatos 14, 12 

bardaicus 16, 13 

Baream 3, 116 

Bareas 7, 91 

bascaudas 12, 46 

basia 4, 118. 6, 384 

Basilo 7, 146 

Basilum 7, 147 

Basilus 7, 145. 10, 222 

Batavi 8, 51 

Bathyllo 6, 63 

beata 6, 204 

beat* 1, 39 

beati 14, 120 

beatius 10, 279 

beatum 1, 67 

Bebriaci 2, 106 

Belides 6, 655 

bella 14, 242 

bellator 13, 168 

bellatore 7, 127 

bellatorum 8, 10 

Bellerophonti 10, 325 

belli 2, 103. 12, 110 

bellis 5, 31 

bello 8, 169 

Bellona 4, 124 

Bellonfe 6, 512 

bellorum 2, 156. 10, 133 

281. 14,72 
bellorumque 15, 95 
bellum 6, 164 
belua 4, 121 127. 7, 77. 

10, 158. 11, 126. 12, 

104 

bene 3, 107. 5, 166. 7, 
147 194. 8, 187. 10, 72 

Beneventani 5, 46 

benigna 10, 301. 12, 64. 
14, 34 

benigni 16, 4 

Beronices 6, 156 

beryllo 5, 38 

beta, i. e. 0, 14, 209 

bibat 11, 203 



bibe 5, 130 

bibebant 5, 36 

bibebat 9, 117 

biberat 12, 47 

bibendis 7, 58 

bibendum 6, 597 

bibet 5, 33 

bibimus 9, 128 

bibit 1, 49. 2, 95. 6, 432. 

10, 250 
bibitur 6, 304 
Bibulaa 6, 142 
bibuntur 10, 25 
bidentis 3, 228 
bigarum 10, 59 
bile 13, 143 

bilem 5, 159. 6, 433. 11, 

185. 15, 15 
bilibres 6, 372 
bilis 11, 128 
bimembri 13, 64 
bina 14, 163 
bipedera 9, 92 
bipennem'6, 657 
bis 5, 164. 6, 137. 14, 324 
bis centum 13, 72 
Bithyni 7, 15 
Bithynice 15, 1 
Bithyno 10, 162 
blaesis 15, 48 
blanda 6, 125 197 
blandaque 4, 118 
blandae 9, 36 
Blande 8, 40 
blandiar 3, 126 
Bocchare 5, 90 
boletum 14, 8 
boletus 5, 147. 6, 621 
bombycinus 6, 260 
bona 1, 55 59. 5,2. 8, 24. 

10, 3 237 
Boaae Deaj 6, 314 
Bonam 2, 86 
boni 6, 180. 13, 26 
bonis 4, 13. 10, 137. 13, 

155 

bouorum 8, 260 
bonos 8, 92 
bonum 13, 180 
bonus 5, 109. 6,211. 8, 
72 twice. 14,204. 15, 14> 
Bootae 5, 23 
bos 2, 123. 10,268 
bove 3 4, 286 
bovem 10, 66 
boves5, 119. 14, 146 
bovis 13, 155 
bourn 8, 108 
bracaa 2, 169 
Bracatorum 8, 234 
brachia 2, 11. 4, 89. 6, 



464 



VERBAL INDEX 



421. 12,76. 13, 45. 15, 
170 

bracteolam 13, 152 
breve 3, 286. 6, 504. 8, 
165 

brevem 14, 217 
breves 6, 289 

brevibus 1, 73. 11, 79. 15, 
128 

brevior 2, 15. 5, 9. 14, 223 

breviorque 6, 505 

brevis 3, 226 

brevissima 9, 127 

breviter 12, 125 

Brigantum 14, 196 

Britannica 10, 14 

Britannice 6, 124 

Britanno 4, 126 

Britannos 2, 161. 15, 111 

Britones 15, 124 

Bromium 6, 378 

bruma 9, G7 

brum* 3, 102. 6, 153 

brumamque 14, 273 

Brute 4, 103 

Bruti 14, 43 

Brutidius 10, 83 

Brutorum 5, 37 

Bruttia 9, 14 

Brutumque 8, 182 

Brulus 14, 43 

bubulci 11, 151 

bubulco 7, 116 

bucca 6, 516 

bucc& 3, 262. 10, 195 

bucca? 3, 35. II. 34 

buccina 7, 71. 14, 152 

buccula 10, 134 

bulbi 7, 120 

bulla 13, 33 

bullatus 14, 5 

busta 3, 32 

buxo 14, 194 



C. 

Caballi 3, 118 
caballis 10, 60 
caballorum 11, 193 
cachinni 10, 31 
cachinno 3, 100. 11, 2 
cacoethes 7, 52 
Cacus 5, 125 
cadat 12, 113. 13, 226 
cadaver 3, 32 260. 15, 87 
cadavera 8, 252. 10, 186. 
15, 60 

cadavere 10, 288. 15, 83 
cadaveris 14, 78 
cadentem 10, 266 



cadetent 7, 70 

caderet 4, 12 

cadet 12, 98. 14, 296 

cadit 2, 80. 6, 440 

caducis 9, 89 

caducum 9, 88 

cadunt 3, 271. 7, 123 

cadurci 7, 221 

cadurco 6, 537 

cajca 10, 351 

caeci 12, 51 

caecive 6, 265 

caicos 7, 170 

caucus 4, 116. 13, 94 

caede 4,154. 6,48. 10,112 

ca?dentibus 6, 484 

caDdere 6, 447. 13, 127 

ca:dibus 8, 243 

Caidicio 16, 46 

Csedicius 13, 197 

ca-dit 6, 483 484. 7, 213. 

S, 156. 10, 60. 13, 194 
caeditur 11, 141 
caeduntur 2, 13 
caehtaque 11, 103 
cfflati 12, 47 
cadator 9, 145 
c.vpe 15, 9 
carula 13, 164 
caerulea 2, 97 
cjerulei 14, 128 
caeruleos 15, 7 
casa 10, 120 

Ceesar 4, 135. 8, 171. 14, 

330 
Casaie 7, 1 

Casaris4, 51. 5,4. 6,338. 

10, 86 330. 12, 106 
casaiiem 13, 165 
casi 8,217 
Casonia 6, 616 
xa) 6, 195 
Caieta 14, 87 
calamos 7, 27. 13, 80 
calathisque 2, 54 
calcas 6, 312 
calcatamque 5, 31 
calcem 3, 295 
calcemus 10, 86 
calcent 15, 60 
calceus 1,1 19.3, 149. 16, 14 
calcibus 1, 43 
calcor 3, 248 
calculus 9, 40. 11, 132 
calendis 9, 53 
calentem 11, 187 
calentia 11, 70 
Calenum 1, 69 
calet6, 149. 10,218 
calicem 1 , 57. 5, 47 
calices 8, 168. 11, 145 



calida 6, 369 

calidaque 6, 527 

calidas 5, 63. 6, 549. 1 1, 

81. 15, 28 
calidi 9, 14 
calidum 6, 121 
caligantesque 6, 31 
caligas 16, 24 
caligatus 3, 322 
caligo 6, 556 G13 
callebat 4, 142 
calbdus 1, 123. 6, 422. 12, 

47 

Calliope 4, 34 

calorem 12, 98 

Calpe 14, 279 

caluerunt 1, 83 

Calvin.r 3, 133 

Calvine 13, 5 

calvo 4, 38. 6, 523 

Camenas 7, 2 

Cameois 3, 16 

Camerinos 7, 90 

Camerinus 8, 38 

Camilli2, 154. 16, 15 

caminis 10, 61 

camino 14, 118 

cammarus 5, 84 

Campania 10, 283 

campi 2, 132 

campis 8, 242 

campo 1, 19. 2, 106 

campum 16, 37 

can& 14, 10 

candela 3, 287 

candelam 9, 98 

Candida 3, 30 216. 6, 154 

526. 10, 345. 12, 72 
candiduli 10, 355 
canebat 15, 26 
canem 6, 418. 15, 8 
canentem 2, 64 
canet, pro canescit, 14, 144 
cani7, 111. 12, 32 
canibus 8, 34. 14, 77 
canini 5, 11 

canino 10, 271. 14, 64 
canis 9, 104 
canistris 5, 74 
canities 3, 26. 10, 208 
canna 5, 89 

Cannarum 10, 165. 11, 198 
Cannis 2, 155. 7, 163 
Canopi 1. 26 
Canopo 6, 84. 15, 46 
canoris 7, 18 
canoro 11, 162 
cantabat 7, 211 
Cantaber 15, 108 
cantabit 7, 153. 10, 22 
cant-abitur 11, 178 



TO JUVENAL. 



465 



cantandum 4, 35 
cantante 10, 210 
cantare 6, 74. 7, 59 
cantat 7, 194. 10, 178 
cantaverat 2, 118 
cantavit 8, 220 
cantet 6, 398 
cantharus 3, 205 
cantu 6, 379 
cantum 9, 107 
cantus 6, 610. 9, 150. 14, 
46 

Canusinam 6, 150 
capacem 11, 41. 12, 44 
capaces 1, 63. 5, 37. 15, 

144 
capaci 8, 6 
capella 5, 155 
capella? 15, 12 
Capenam 3, 11 
capessas 8, 270 
capessunt 14, 242 
capi 4, 69 
capiendi 1, 55 
capiendisque 15, 145 
capiendo 6, 580 
capies 4, 126 
capillato 5, 30 
capilli 6, 493. 11, 149. 15, 

137 

capillis 6, 490. 16, 31 
capis 5, 13. 9, 88 
capistro 6, 43 

capit 10, 148. 11, 169 
195 

capiti 3, 246 252 
capitique 1 1, 127 
capitis 6, 49 301. 13, 174. 

14, 258. 15, 23 
Capito 8, 93 
Capitolia 10, 65. 14, 91 
Capitolinam 6, 387 
Capitolinis 2, 145 
capiturque 15, 78 
capiunt 7, 78 
Cappadoces 7, 15 
capreie 11 , 142 
capream 14, 81 
Caprearum 10, 93 
Capreis 10, 72 
caprum 1, 76 
capsas 10, 117 
capta 6, 103 
captas 2, 160 
captat 16, 56 
captata 5, 98 
captator 5, 98 
captatore 6, 40 
captatori 10, 202 
captatoribus 12, 114 
captivis 7, 201 



captivorum 10, 280 

captivus 10, 136 

capto 8, 109 

captos 7, 84 

captum 5, 162 

caput 1, 126. 3,33 236. 5, 
172. 6, 17 207 391 503 
524 538 622. 7, 161. 8, 
55. 9, 98 133. 10, 62 
199 286. 11, 97. 12, 49. 

14, 58 194 
cara 9, 100 

carbone 10, 131. 13, 116 
career 10, 276> 14, 24 
carcere 1, 73. 3, 314. 5, 

101. 6, 561. 10, 181 

239. 12, 123 
carceris 13, 245 
cardiaco 5, 32 
cardine 4, 63 
careas 3, 56 
carebis 14, 156 
carens 7, 57 

carentem 8, 5. 10, 357. 14, 
69 

caret 1 , 59 

Carfinia 2, 69 

carina 2, 109 

carinas 10, 264 

carior 10, 350 

cariturus 6, 39 

carmen 6, 636. 7, 55 82 

carmenque 6, 133 

carmina3, 207. 7, 28. 11, 

179. 15, 117 
carmine 7, 63 
came 7, 76. 11,85. 14,98. 

15, 88 
carnem 2, 116 
carnibus 15, 13 
carnifices 8, 175 
Carpathium 14, 278 
carpentis 9, 132 
carpento 8, 147 
Carpophoro 6, 199 
carptores 9, 1 10 
Carrinatis 7, 205 
Carthagine 6, 171. 10, 277 
caruisse 6, 564. 11, 53 
caruit 10, 287 

carum 5, 140 
cams 3, 53 
Cams 1, 36 
casa 6, 154 
casas 14, 167 
casibus 13, 86 
Cassandra 10, 262 
casside 10, 134 
cassidis 7, 33 
Cassl 5, 37 
cassis 11, 103 
3 o 



castas 6, 287 

castella 14, 196 

castigabis 14, 54 

castigas 2, 9 

ca*tigat 6, 455. 14, 126 

castigata 2, 35 

casto 10, 324 

castora 12, 34 

Castora 14, 260 

Castore 13, 152 

castra 4, 135. 6, 419 575. 

8, 12 248. 10, 95. 16,2 
castravit 10, 307 
castris 6, 171 

castrorum 6, 561. 11, 87, 

14, 198. 16, 15 
castrorumque 1 6, 55 
castum 10, 300 
casu 13, 132 
casulam 11, 153 
casulis 9, 61. 14, 179 
casum 1, 90. 15, 134 
casurus 11, 13 
casus 10, 107. 13, 9. 15, 

95 119 
casus genit. 3, 273 
casus, ace. pi. 3, 214. 12, 

17 

catellau 6, 654 
catelli 6, 551 
catello 9, 61 
catena 13, 175 
catenas 3, 309. 14, 23 
catenate 3, 304 
cathedra 1, 65. 9, 52 
cathedra; 7, 203 
cathedras 6, 91 
cathedris 7, 47 
Catienae 3, 133 
Catilina2, 27. 8, 231. 10, 
288 

Catilinam 14, 41 
Catinensi 8, 16 
catino 11, 109 
catinum 6, 343 
Cato 2, 40 
Catonem 11, 90 
Cattis 4, 147 
Catuli 2, 146 
Catulla 10, 322 
Catullam 2, 49 
Catulli 8, 186. 13, 111 
Catullo 4, 113. 12, 29 
Catullus 12, 37 93 
Catulus 3, 30 
cavat 6, 248 
cauda 7, 212 
cauda 5, 82 
cavea 14, 247 
cavebis 8, 37 
caveo 11, 130 



400 



VERBAL INDKX 



cavet 3, 283. 9, 40. 14, 

274 
cavi 7, 1 11 
caulibus 6, IB 
caulis, nominative, I, 134. 

5, 87 
caupo 9, 108 
eaupone 6, 591 
causa 2, 134. 6, 202 242. 

8, 215. 9, 91. 11, 11. 

14, 226 290. 16, 19 
causa 14, 105 
causa; 7, 155. 13, 109. 14, 

173 

causam 11, 32 

causas 2, 51. 3, 315. 8, 

48 84. 10, 139 278. 

14, 192 
eausasque 3, 147 
causidici 1, 32. 10, 121 
causidicis 7, 106 
causidicorum 7, 113 148 
causidicos 15, 111 
causidicum 7, 136 
causidicus 6, 439 
causis 9, 119. 13, 182 
cauta 6, 348 
cautus 6, 661. 7, 163 
ceciderunt 6, 421 
cecidit, from cado, 2, 40. 3, 

212. 10, 69 
cecidit, from coedo, 3, 278 
ceciditque 10, 287 
Cecropiam 2, 92 
Cecropides 8, 46 53 
Cecropis 6, 187 
cedamus 3, 29 
cedat 1, 110 
cede 2, 131. 7,219 
cedente 3, 239. 4, 56 
cedere 1 1 , 50 136 
cedit 4, 123. 7, 38. 15, 46 
cedo, indicative, 6, 57 
cedo, imperative (J'or da, die, 

rogo) 6, 504. 13, 210 
cedunt 6, 438 515 
Cela>no 8, 130 
celare 9, 93 
celebrare 9, 25 
celebres 7, 3 
celebretur 3, 249 
celeres 11, 125 
celeri 15, 75 
cella 7, 28 
cellam 6. 122 128 
celsi 8, 194 
Cclso 6, 245 
censebunt 6, 500 
censeri 8, 2 74 
censes 4, 130. 13, 140 
censor 9, 142 



censore 2, 121 
censoris 11, 92. 14, 50 
censu 1, 60. 3, 160. 11, 

23 

ceimim 3, 140. 6, 362 

censura 2, 63. 10, 31 

census 5, 57. 10, 13. 13, 7 

census, genitive, 7, 137. 14, 
176 227 304 317. 16, 53 

centena 10, 335 

centone 6, 121 

centum 1, 92 120. 3, 229 
250. 6, 518. 7, 1 13. 8, 
85. 14,275. 15,6 

centurionum 16, 17 

ceperat 13, 74 

ceperunt 14, 320 

cera 7,238. 13,88 

cera; 8, 19 

ceram 4, 19 

ceras 1, 63. 9, 149. 14, 

29 191 
cc-rcopitheci 15, 4 
cerdoni 8, 182 
cerdonibus 4, 153 
cerebro 14, 57 
cerebrum 3, 269 
Cererem 3, 320. 9, 24 
Cereris 6, 50. 10, 112. 14, 

219 263. 15, 141 
cerno 13, 64 
cernis 4, 127. 6, 573 
ceroma 6, 246 
ceromatico 3, 68 
certa 14, 113 
certamine 15, 55 
certe 6, 28. 9, 9 73. 10, 

94 363. 13, 100. 16, 58 
cervffi 12, 120 
cervical 6, 353 
cervice I, 64. 6, 207 351. 

9, 143. 10, 88 
cervicibus 3, 88. 6, 589. 

10, 260 
cervina 14, 251 
cervix 10, 40 120 345. 12, 

14 

Cesennia 6, 136 

cespes 12,2 

cessabit 14, 59 

cessant 6, 67 555. 9, 33 

cessantia 8, 176 

cessare 11 , 183 

cessaret 5, 17 

cessat 6, 498. 13, 211 

cesset 13, 23 

cessit. 4, 63 

cetera 9, 70. 12,25. 14,107 
Cethegi 8, 231 
Cethegum 2, 27 
Cethegus 10, 237 



Cetronius 14, 86 92 

ceu 6, 573. 7, 337. 9, 2. 

10, 231 236 
ceventem 2, 21 
cevet 9, 40 
Clu-crippe 8, 96 
Chalda;is 6, 553 
Chaldajo 10, 94 
cbarta 13, 116 
chartce 1, 18 
Charvbdi 15, 17 
Charybdim 5, 102 
Chionem 3, 136 
chirographa 13, 137. 16, 

41 

Chiron 3, 205 
cliironomon 6, 63 
chironomonta 5, 121 
clilamyde 2, 258 
chlamys 8, 101 
choraules 6. 77 
chords 6, 382. 15, 5 
chord as 3, 63 
choro 11, 163 
chorus 6, 512 
Chrysippi 2, 5 
Chrysippus 13, 184 
Chrysogonum 6, 74 
Chrysogonus 7, 176 
cibi 10, 203. 11, 99. 15, 
98 171 

cibo 3, 211. 6, 581. 13, 

213 
ciboque 5, 49 

cibum 6, 428. 10, 229. 14, 

255 

cibus 3, 233. 5, 14. 14, 79 

301 
cicadas 9, 69 
cicatrix 3, 151 
Ciceronem 7,214. 8,244 
Ciceroni 7, 139 
Ciceronis 10, 114 
ciconia 14, 74 
cicutaj 13, 186 
cicutas 7, 206 
ciemus 13, 31 
Cilicis 4, 121 
Cilicum 8, 94 
Cimbri 15, 124 
Cimbros 8, 249 251 
cinasdis 14, 30 
cinaedo 4, 106 
cina?dos 2, 10 
xivai&os 9, 37 
cincinnus 6, 492 
cineres 8, 146. 11, 44 
cinerum 10, 144 
cinis 1, 171 
Circeis 4, 140 
Circenses 10, 81 



TO JUVENAL. 



467 



Circensibus 3, 223. 11, 53 
Circes 15, 21. 
circi 10, 37 

circo 6, 588. 8, 59 118. 

.9, 144 
circuit 9, 8. 
circum, noun, 3, 65 
circumagas 9, 81 
circumagat 7, 164 
circumagunt 5, 23 
circumdatus 6, 533 
circumdedit 6, 458 
circumducitur 1, 122 
circumducto 10, 280 
circumligat 7, 89 
circumlita 9, 14 
circumscribere 14, 237 
circumscripserit 10, 222 
circumscriptorera 15, 136 
circumsilit 10, 218 
circumspice 8, 96 
circumspicit 7, 20 
circus 11, 195 
Cirrhas 7, 64 
Cirrhaji 13, 79 
cirro 13, 165 
cista 3, 206. 6, 44 
cistas 7, 11 
citabere 8, 80 
citari 2, 43 
citato 1, 60 
cithari 6, 391 
citbaram 8, 230 
citharcedx 7, 212 
citharoedo 8, 198 
citharcedus 6, 76. 10, 211 
citius 1, 125. 4, 134. 10, 

225. 14,31. 15, 19. 16, 

32 

cito 1, 34. 9, 146. 11, 13. 

14, 27 177 
cive 10, 278 

civem 3, 3. 12,121. 14, 

70. 15, 156 
civilia2, 51. 7, 106 
civilis 2, 103 
civiliter 5, 112 
civis 2, 105. 4, 90. 6, 559. 

8, 28 

clade4,84. 10,244. 15,114 
clamant 1, 12 
clamante 4, 75 
clamantem 2, 37 
clamat 6, 174 638. 8, 29. 

9,63. 14,293 
clamatur 2, 90 
clament 9, 106 
clames 6, 283 
clamor 6, 328. 11,199 
clamore 10, 215. 13, 31. 

14, 55. 15, 53 



clamoso 9, 144 
clamosum 8, 186 
clamosus 14, 191 
clara 8. 61. 12,74 
clara 8, 151 
claramque 8, 139 
claras 4, 151 
clari 3, 173 
clarique 4, 125 
clarum 11, 95 
clarus 2, 129 
classibus 10, 175 
classis 7, 151. 14, 277 
claude 7, 26. 9, 104 
claudenda 13, 129 
claudentem 12, 96 
claudere 14, 322 
clauderet 3, 19. 6, 4 
claudit 3, 131 

clauditur 13, 156. 15, 139 
Claudius 5, 147. 6, 115. 

14, 330 
clave 15, 158 
clavorum 16, 25 
clausa 3, 242 
clausam 1, 124 
clausis 3, 303 
clausit6, 129. 10,17 
clauso 3, 185. 4, 21 
clausoque 6, 68 
claustra 8, 261 
clausus 6, 154. 10, 170 
clavus 3, 248 
Cleanthus 2, 7 
dementia 1, 17. 6, 160 
Cleopatra 2, 109 
cliens 9, 72. 10, 161 
clientem 5, 16 
clienles 1, 132. 3, 188 
clienti 5, 64 
clientis 3, 125. 9, 59 
Clio 7, 7 
Clitumni 12, 13 
clivoque 6, 650 
clivosae 5, 55 
cloaca 5, 105 
Clodius 2, 27. 6, 345 
Clotho 9, 135 
clune 11, 164 
clunem2, 21. 6,334 
clunibus 5, 167 
Cluviam 2, 49 
Cluvienus 1,80 
clypeis 2, 126. 14, 242 
clypeo 8, 201. 11, 106 
Clytsemestram 6, 656 
Coa 8, 101 
coactaj 6, 134 
coactas 14, 135 
coacto 13, 133 
coactos 4, 146 



coccina 3, 283 

Coclite 8, 264 

coctaeque 6, 472 

coctumque 6, 133 

codice 2, 57. 7, 110. 10, 

236 
Codri 1, 2 
Ccdro 3, 203 
Codrus 3, 208 
coegerunt 15, 121 
coegit 6, 423 
coelesti 15, 146 
coeli 6, 394 545. 13, 83 

224. 14, 95 294. 15, 85 
coelicolarum 13, 42 
coelo 2, 25 40. 6, 283. 11, 

27 

coeloque 6, 1 J 637. 9, 47. 

10, 366 

ccelum 1, 38. 2, 25. 3, 78 
84. 6, 623. 11, 62. 12, 
18 

coemti 14, 293 

ccena 2, 120. 5, 24 85. 

11, 78 141. 14, 170 
ccenal 6, 641 
ccenacula 10, 18 

ccenae 1, 133. 4, 30. 5, 9. 
9, 44. 10, 230. 14, 130. 
15, 41 

ccenam 3,273. 6, 202. 15, 
14 

ccenandi 5, 166. 11,120 
ccenare 3, 168. 14, 13 
coenas 1, 145. 5, 1 17 
ccenat 3, 142. 11, 1 12 
cceoatio 7, 183 
ccenavit 1, 95. 10, 235 
ccenes 5, 112 
ccenet 8, 85 
coenis 10, 362 
ccenosi 3, 266 
ccenula 3, 167 
coeperat4, 154. 6, 106. 10, 
264 

ccepere 13, 120 
coeperit 14, 217 
cceperunt 6, 372 
coepisset 6, 1 !3 
coepit 3, 114. 6, 434. 12, 

34 99 
coepta 13, 145 
cceptum 9, 79 
coercet 8, 236 
ccetus 6, 399. 7, 239 
cogaris 5, 160 
cogat 3, 291. 5, 73 
cogebat 15, 100 
cogente 8, 193. 11, 7 
cogetur 7, 18 
cogimur 3, 189 



468 



VERBAL INDEX 



cogit 14, 124 
cogitque 13, 222 
cogitat 6, 39. 13, 209 
cogitur 6, 479. 13, 216 
cognata 5, 103 
cognatis 1 1, 84. 15, 160 
cognatorum 1 1, 86 
cognita 12, 26 
cognitio 16, 18 
cognitione 6, 485. 7, 228 
cognitus 13, 9 
cognosce 3, 288 
cognoscere 6, 474 
cohibe 6, 347 
cohibere 5, 71 
cohors 6, 515. 8, 127. 10, 

18. 13, 173. 16,20 
cohortem 5, 28. 14, 305 
cohortes 7, 164. 10,94. 12, 

109 
cohortis 1, 58 
coitus 10, 204 
colaphum 9, 5 
colat 15, 2 
Colchide 6, 643 
colenti 14, 103 
colimus 3, 193 
coliphia 2, 53 
colis 7, 37 

colit 4, 61. 10, 116. 15, 

38 

colitur 1, 115. 3, 173 

collactea 6, 308 

collapsa 8, 77 

collata 15, 155 

collcga 3, 130. 8, 197 253. 

11, 92 
collem 3, 71 
colles 6, 296 
collibus 9, 131. 14, 179 
colligat 4, 132 
collige 6, 146. 13, 191 
colligit 13, 146 
colligo 11, 196 
Collinfi 6, 291 
collo 2, 41 85. 3, 68. 6, 

458. 8, 66. 14, 146 
collum 3, 88. 10,269 
collusore 9, 61 
collyria 6, 579 
color 7, 155. 14, 294 
colorem 5, 75. 6, 280 
colores 12, 90 
coloris 9, 29 
colosso 8, 230 
colubrae 5, 103 
colubris 6, 29 
coluerunt 2, 91 
coluit 16, 39 
columbcc 3, 202. 6, 549 
columbas 2, 63 



columna 14, 307 
columnar 1, 13 
columnas 6, 590. 14, 60 
columnis 7, 182. 8, 77 
colunt 11, 192. 15, 76 
colus 14, 249 
coma 2, 15 
comas 9, 13 
comas 6, 496. 11, 137 
comedam 13, 84 
comedit 3, 294 
comedunt 1, 138. 2, 53 
comes 3, 47. 4, 84 
comesa 1, 34 
cometem 6, 407 
com in us 4, 99 

comis 2, 96 

comitantibus 1 , 89 

comitata est 6, 82 

comite 6, 20 119 

comitem 16, 55 

comites I, 119. 3, 35. 6. 
353 469. 7, 107 142 

comitum 1, 46. 3, 284. 7, 
44. 8, 127 

Commagenus 6, 550 

commendare 6, 397 

commendat 1 1 , 208 

commendet 16, 5 

commercia 2, 166 

commiserat 9, 96 

commisit 6, 459 

commissa 5, 29. 7, 10. 9, 
93. 10, 337. 14, 310 

committas 1, 163 

committe 12, 57. 13, 125 

committere 6, 378 

committit 6, 436 

committitur 5, 39. 13, 1 

committunt 13, 104 

commoda 9, 89. 16, 7 

commodat 7, 40 

commota 3, 317 

commune 3, 182. 9, 124 

communi 6, 4. 7, 55. 15, 
157 

communia 3, 177. 13, 140. 
16, 7 

communis 8, 73. 15, 148 
comceda 3, 100 
comcedi 6, 73 
comcedia 5, 157 
comcedis 6, 396 
comcedus 3, 94 
compage 6, 618 
compagibus 6, 502 
compago 3, 304 
comparat 6, 436. 11, 130. 
14, 20 

comparo 12, 121. 13, 66 
compede 11 , 80 



compedibus 10, 182 
compesce 1, 160 
compita 9, 112. 15, 42 
complexibus 6, 279 
componere 9, 1 10 
componis 7, 25 
componit 3, 263. 7, 185 
componitur 3, 10 
componunt 6, 244 
compositive 6, 13 
composuit 14, 253 
computat 6, 199 651. 9, 

40. 10,249 
computet 1, 117 
conata 13, 210 
conatus 3, 166, 10, 6 
concedas 12, 115 
concedatur 1, 170 
concedet 14, 7 
concentus 10, 215 
concepta 11, 163 
concessit 10, 316 
concessum 13, 235 
concha 6, 304 
conchas 6, 419 
conche 3, 293 
conchem 14, 131 
conchylia 3, 81. 8, 101 
concidere 6, 414 
conciditur 4, 130 
conciperet 8, 42 
concipis 10, 5 
concipitur 12, 104 
concisum 14, 291 
concisus 3, 300 
conclamant 7, 167 
concordia 1, 116. 2, 47. 

6, 231. 10, 297. 15, 

159 

concubitu 2, 30. 6, 536 
concubitus 6, 318 
concumbat 6, 406 
concumbunt 6, 191 
concurrentia 15, 19 
concurritur 15, 53 
concussere 10, 328 
concutere 6, 22 
concutitur 3, 101 
condire 11, 19. 14, 18 
condit 6, 587. 7, 185 
condita 2, 141 
conditor 11, 178. 15, 148 
conducendaque 6, 578 
conducendo 15, 112 
conducendusque 2, 114 
conducere 3, 31. 7, 4 
conducis 3, 225 
conducit 6, 352 353 
597 

conducla 8, 43. 11, 46 
conduct! 7, 143 



TO JUVENAL. 



469 



conductas 1, 108 
conducto 7, 46 
conductum 13, 145 
conductus 6, 332 586 
conducunt 3, 38 
conduplicare 14, 229 
coneris 10, 205 
confer 13, 144 147 154 
conferat 3, 216. 7, 36 
conferet 3, 51. 14, 223 
conferre 7, 206. 10, 302 
conferret 12, 33 
conferri 12,21 
confert 1, 106. 8, 94 
configite 6, 173 
confirmant 13, 107 
confisus 10, 11. 12, 58 
confiteor 6, 639 
conflare 13, 153 
confundas 6, 284 
confundat 7, 68 
confusus 3, 1 
congesta 10, 12 
conjectat 5, 163 
conjuge 1, 124. 5, 77. 6, 

212. 8, 128. 12, 45. 13, 

50 

conjugii 8, 219 

conjugis 6, 255 313 510. 

10, 242 

conjugis, for viri, 6, 85 
conjugium 9, 80. 10, 352. 

11, 29 
conjungere 15, 153 
conjux,/or vir, 6, 98 
conopeo 6, 80 
conor 6, 644 
conscendere 6, 98 
conscia 6, 271. 13, 193. 

14, 28 
conscius 3, 49. 6, 339 
consedere 7, 115 
consederit 13, 68 
consensu 16, 21 
considerat 6, 482 
considere 4, 34 
consilia 7, 172 
consilio 3, 162. 4, 145. 6, 

497 

consilium 1, 16. 4, 18 78 

86.9, 124. 10, 346 
consistas 3, 296 
conspecta 2,81 
conspectius 8, 140 
conspectum 10, 230 
conspexit 3, 101 
conspicitur 12, 72 
conspicuae 10, 125 
conspicuum 4, 54 115 
conspicuus 6, 374 
conspuiturque 7, 112 



constabit 7, 188 
constant 6, 166. 14, 258 
constanti 6, 93 
constantia 2, 105. 13, 77 
237 

constare 14, 17 
constat 6, 626. 7, 77 
constent 6, 365. 7, 45 
constet 7, 230 
constitit 6, 123 
constituebat 3, 12 
constituit 6, 487 
constratum 10, 175 
constrictus 5, 84 
consuetis 5, 74 
consuetudo 7, 51 
consul 7, 197. 8, 148 236. 

10, 41 
consulat 14, 317 
consule, noun, 5, 30. 7, 

198. 8, 23. 10, 122. 13, 

17. 15, 27 
consule, verb, 11,33 
consulibus 11, 199 
consulis 8, 262. 11, 86 
consulit 6, 396 565 574 

590 

consulitur 6, 575 
consume 4, 68. 13, 160 
coiisumere 14, 128 
consumitur 11, 47 
consumpserit 1, 4 
consumpta 2, 155 
consumptis 8, 185 
consurgit 6, 507 
consuto 3, 150 
contacta 5, 128 
contagio 2, 78 
contemnas 9, 99 120 
contemnere 3, 145. 6, 22. 

9, 123. 10, 123. 13,75. 

14, 100 
contemnit 3, 288 
contemnunt 2, 35. 5, 102 
contempserat 6, 90 
contempseris 14, 48 
contempsit 6, 90 
contempto 14, 232 
contemptor 6,342 
contenta 6, 54. 1 5, 83 
contentaque 13, 47 
contentae 3, 277 
contentam 3, 314 
contenti 14, 179 
contentos 2, 161 
contentum 13, 243 
contentus 7, 79. 9, 9. 10, 

172. 13, 133 
contentusque 3, 170 
conterit 6, 225 350 
contexere 14, 27 



contexit 3, 195 
contigerit 6, 49 
contigit 5, 164. 6, 564. 7, 

122. 13,7 
continet 5, 100. 10, 80 
contingat 6, 217. 10, 341 
contiogens 11, 62 
contingere 6, 50. 7, 60. 8, 7 
contingi 6, 288 
contingis 8, 28 
contingunt 14, 184 
continuis 10, 190. 11, 207 
continuo 6, 493. 13, 191 

219. 14,243 
contra, preposition, 3, 290. 

4, 89. 8, 138. 16, 33 34 
contra, adverb, 1, 160. 6, 

644. 9, 12 91. 13, 120 
coatraque 16, 34 
contracta 11, 203 
contrahat 11, 185 
contrahit 6, 174 
contrarius 9, 21. 10, 30 
contulit 8, 240. 10, 265 
contum 2, 150 
contumque 10, 20 
contundere 13, 128 
conturbat 7, 129 
convallem 16, 36 
convelle 3, 321 
convenerat 6, 281 
conveniat 10, 348 
convenit 7, 136. 15, 164 
conveniunt 9, 132 
conventum 6, 25 
conventus 8, 129 
conversus 4, 120 
convicia 3, 237 
convictus 11,4 
conviva 5, 74 161. 9, 10. 

11, 60 
convivS. 5, 25 
convivae 3, 250. 6, 424 
convivam 11, 130 
convivia 1, 141. 5, 82. 11, 

150 177. 13, 42 
convomit 6, 101 
convulsaque 1, 12 
cophino 6, 542 
cophinus 3, 14 
copia 1, 87. 10, 9 
Copti 15, 28 
Coptos 15, 35 
coquere 15, 167 
coram 6, 140. 8, 9. 10, 22. 

11, 47 59 
Coranum 16, 54 
corbibus 11,73 
Corbulo 3, 251 
Corcyraea 15, 25 
corda 15, 131 



470 



VERBAL INDEX 



corde7, 52. 16,23 
Corinthi, proper name, 8, 
197 

Corinthum 8, 113 
corio 13, 155 
corium 14, 204 
Cornelia 6, 167 
cornice 10, 247 
cornicines 3, 34. 10, 44 214 
cornicini 2, 118 
cornu 2, 90. 6, 314. 12, 9 
cornua 13, 165. 14, 199 
Coro 14, 268 
corona 6, 320. 9, 138 
corona? 8, 226. 10, 39. 15, 
50 

coronam 6, 51 
coronas 9, 85. 12, 87. 13, 
149 

coronata 13, 63 
coronati 5, 36. 11, 97 
coronatum 6, 297 
corpora 2, 139. 12, 117. 13, 

230. 14, 16 266 
corpore 2, 75. 6, 235 605. 

9, 19. 10, 217 356. 13, 

92 178. 14, 51. 15, 91. 

16, 53 

corporibus 3, 259. 15, 106 
corporis 10, 296 321 
corpus 3, 48. 7, 62 
corpuscula 10, 173 
corripias 10, 292 
corripies 14, 54 
corrosis 15, 80 
corrumpunt 14, 32 
corrupta 6, 180 
corruptor 1, 77. 4, 8 
corruptore 6, 233 
corruptoris 10, 304 
corruptus 6, 541 
Corsica 5, 92 
corvi 8, 252 
Corvine 12, 1 93 
Corvinum 8, 5 7 
Corvinus 1, 108 
cor vis 2, 63 
Corum 10, 180 
corvo 7, 202 
coruscat 3, 254. 12, 6 
Corybanta 5, 25 
Corycia 14, 267 
Cory don 9, 102 twice 
corymbos 6, 52 
Corythae 8, 62 
cosmetae 6, 477 
Cosmi 8, 86 
Cosso 10, 202 
Cossum 3, 184 
Cossus 7, 144. 8, 21 
cothurnis 6, 506. 15, 29 



cothurno 7, 72 

cothurnum 6, 634 

Cotta 5, 109. 7, 95 

cottana 3, 83 

coturnix 12, 97 

Cotytto 2, 92 

coxa 10, 227 

coxae 6, 321 

coxam 15, 66 

crambe 7, 154 

eras 2, 132. 3, 23. 5, 33. 

14, 310 
crassa 11, 158 
crassique 9, 29 
crasso 13, 163 
crassoque 10, 50 
Crassos 10, 108 
crassum 3, 150 
crate 1 1 , 82 
cratera 12, 44 
cratere 2, 87 
crebrum 6, 584 
credam 1, 51. 16, 31 
credamus 6, 643. 8, 207 
credant 13, 87 
credas 3,7. 5, 156. 6,504. 

14, 149 203. 15, 118 
credat 10, 361. 15, 37 142 
crede 8, 83. 13, 175. 14, 

220 

credebant 13, 54 
credent 6, 554 
credere 4, 70. 5, 5 152 
crederet 12, 20 
crediderim 15, 21 
crediderint 15, 17J 
credidit 10, 184 
credimus 4, 53. 10, 176 
credis 6, 275. 10, 68 246 
credit 14, 119 233 286 
credite 6, 630. 8, 126 
creditor 7, 108. 11, 10 
creditur 3,93 146. 10, 173. 

13, 110 
credo 6, 1 

credunt 2, 152. 13, 231. 

15, 59 
creduntur 10, 137 
Cremeraa 2, 155 
crepat 10, 62 
Crepereius 9, 6 
crepido 5, 8 
crepitat 1, 116 
crepitum 3, 108 
crepitus 11, 170 
crescant 10, 24 
crescente 11, 39. 13, 213 
crescere 5, 96. 6, 371 
crescit 6, 289. 7, 101. 14, 

139 twice 
crescunt 14, 116 117 



Cressa 10, 327 

Creta; 14, 270 

cretatumque 10, 66 

Cretice 2, 67 78 

Creticus 8, 38 

crimen 6, 23 294 493. 8, 

128 141 215. 9, 110. 13, 

90 210 
crimina 8, 166 266. 13, 

104 144. 14, 39 
crimine 4, 15. 6, 219 285. 

10, 69. 13, 6 24. 14, 

238 

crirninibus 1,75 167. 13,239 
crine 2, 112 

crinem 3, 186. 6, 120 490 
crinemque 6, 316 
crinibus 6, 164. 7, 70 
Crispi 4, 81 
Crispine 4, 24 
Crispinum 4, 14 
Crispinus 1, 27. 4, 1 108 
crispo 6, 382 
crissantis 6, 322 
crista} 4, 70. 6, 256 422 
cristam 13, 233 
crocea) 7, 23 
crocodilon 15, 2 
crocos 7, 208 
Crccsi 14, 328 
Croesum 10, 274 
cruce 8, 188 
crucem 6, 219. 13, 105 
cruciatu 10, 286 
crucibusque 14, 77 
crudaque 8, 223 
crudi 11, 76 
crudis2, 73. 6,203 
crudo 1 5, 83 
crudum 1, 143 
cruentis 6, 525. 10, 185 
316 

cruniena 11 , 38 

crura 3, 247. 6,319. 9, 15. 

10, 60. 16, 24 
cruraque 8, 115 
crure 6, 446 
crurisque 6, 256 
crus 13, 95 
crustas 5, 38 
crustula 9, 5 
cryptam 5, 106 
crystallina 6, 155 
cubat 3, 280 
cubili 6, 117. 14, 82 
cubito 3, 245 
cucullos 6, 118 
cucurbita 14, 58 
cucurri 5, 77 
cucurrit 12, 67 
cui 1, 166. 3, 49. 5, 54. 



TO JUVENAL. 



471 



6, 166 354 515 twice 563. 
7, 211.8,58.9,50 twice 
54. 10, 330. 11, 136. 

12, 72. 14, 105 256 
330 

cuicumque 6, 412. 13, 56 

cuidam 13, 199 

cuiquam 3, 119. 8, 178. 

14, 6. 15, 55. 
cuivis 10, 31 

cujus 1, 131 153. 2, 148. 
3, 155 285 292 293. 4, 
82. 5, 34. 6, 7 91 215 
558 573. 7, 73 160. 8, 
60 213. 10, 48. 12, 94. 
14,244 298 330. 15, 136 
147. 16, 54 

cujusdam 6, 55. 8, 82 

culcita 5, 17 

culeus 8, 214 

culina 3, 250 

culina, 14, 14 

culinse 5, 162 

culmina 14, 89 

culmine 13, 69 

culmo 6, 6 

culpa 6, 494. 7, 158 

culpa 1, 167 

culpas 6, 540. 8, 119 163. 

13, 106. 14, 37 
cultae 11, 200 
cultam 3, 95 
cultelli 2, 169 
cultello 5, 122 
cultellorum 11, 133 
culti 3, 228. 14, 159 
cultis 3, 189 
cultori 9, 49 

cultos 3, 158 
cultri 14, 217 

cu!tris2, 116. 10, 269. 12, 
84 

cultro 15, 119 
culullo 3, 170. 6, 330. 8, 
145 

cum 2, 58. 3, 63 99 184 
301. 4, 9. 6, 168 171 
377 531. 8, 8 102. 9, 3 
41 61. 10, 94. 11, 71. 
12, 34. 13, 50. 14, 22. 

15, 22. 16, 39 &c. 

cum 1 , 17 22 24 26 twice. 2, 
9. 3, 38 93 twice &c. 

Cumis 3, 2 321. 9, 57 

cumulus 3, 210 

cuocta 6, 190 410 618. 8, 
129. 10, 13. 11, 42. 12, 
37 91. 13, 135. 14, 245. 
15, 56 99 

cunctas 1, 145 

cunctatio 6, 22 1 



cunctis 2, 164. 10, 23. 11, 
149. 15, 29 39 173 

cunctisque 6, 374 

cunctos 13, 101 

cuneis 6, 61 

cunis 6, 89 

cuperent 2, 157 

cuperet 10, 294. 14, 313 

cupiant 6, 654 

cupias 10, 96. 11, 37 

cupiat 10, 360 

cupidine 10, 351 

cupido, nominative, 10, 143. 
14, 175 

cupidus 7, 58. 8, 14 

cupiens, 12, 35 

cupient 1, 148. 2, 136 

cupiet 14, 13 

cupimus 10, 5 

cupit 6, 445 

cur 1, 19 103. 2, 58 59. 3, 
38. 6, 142. 8, 13. 10, 
254. 13, 115 192 

cura 6, 107 501 508. 13, 
217 

cura 10, 12 303. 13, 227. 

14, 303 
curabilis 16, 21 
curae 6, 474 

curam 1, 58. 11, 115. 14, 
157 

curanda 6, 455 
curandum 8, 121 
curant 13, 101 
curare 2, 105 

curas 6, 189. 7, 65. 10, 51 

78. 11, 93 
curas, verb, 6, 114. 7, 91 
curat 6, 300 
curatoris 14, 288 
curentur 13, 124 
cures 7, 242 
curet 3, 127 
curia 8, 91. 9, 101 
Curios 2, 3. 8, 4 
curis 11 , 181 
Curius 2, 153. 11, 78 
curramus 10, 85 
curre 10, 166 
currere 3, 128 
curret 3, 240 
curribus 8, 3. 10, 36 
curricula 14, 231 
currit 6, 534. 8, 160. 13, 

168 
currite 4, 76 
curritur 7, 82 
curru 10, 42 282 
curruca 6, 276 
currunt 3, 308. 11, 49 
currus 7, 67 125 



cursor 5, 52 

cursu 3, 253. 14, 27 

cursum 15, 77 

curta 3, 270. 14, 166 

Curtius 11, 34 

curtam 10, 135 

curtum 6, 449 

curvas 9, 145 

curvatum 7, 127 

curvetur 6, 262 

curvis 8, 129. 13, 169 

curules 10, 91 

curvo 14, 86 

cuspide 2, 130 

custode 3, 306. 10, 303 

custodem 6, 375 

cusfodes 6, 235 348. 8, 52 

custodia 14, 304 

custodibus 10, 144 

custodiet 6, 347 

custodit 1, 107. 9, 122 

custodite 6, 630 

custoditur 13, 139 

custos 5, 40. 7, 218. 10, 

117. 13, 157 
cute 6, 464. 9, 13. 10, 

192 
cutem 2, 105 
cuticula 11, 203 
cutis 6, 144 
Cyane 8, 162 
Cyaneas 15, 20 
cyatho 9, 47 
cyathos 13, 44 
cyathum 5, 32 
Cybeles 2, 111. 14, 263 
Cyclada 6, 563 
cyclade 6, 259 
Cyclopas 15, 18 
cygno 6, 165 
cygnum 8, 33 
cylindros 2, 61 
cymba 2, 151 
cymbae 4, 45. 12, 80 
cvmbala 9, 62 
Cynici 14, 309 
Cynicis 13, 122 
Cynicos 13, 121 
Cynthia 6, 7 



D. 

Da I, 101 twice. 3, 137. 5, 
42 135. 8, 68. 10, 43 
188 twice. 16, 29 
dabantur 14, 163 
dabat 10, 78. 11, 85 
dabit 2, 79. 3, 219. 5, 53 
166. 6, 214 585 586. 7 



472 



45 90 104 171. II. 159. 
12, 119 125. 13, 179 
244 

dabitur 7, 124. 10, 340. 

12, 4 
dabo 12, 90 

dabunt7,20l. 10, 164 349. 

11, 177 
dabuntur 10, 335. 14, 158 
Dacicus 6, 205 
Dacis 4, 1 1 1 
Daedalus 3, 25 
dama 11, 121 
Damasippe 8, 185 
Damasippus 8, 147 151 

167 

damna 12, 53 
damnandis 14, 38 
damnante 6, 84. 8, 93 
damnare 4, 85 
damnat 6, 556. 8, 202 

twice 
damnata 2, 70 
damnatio 8, 94 
damnatos 10, 74. 13, 240 
damnatus 1 , 47 
damnetur 2, 69 
damnis 6, 571 
damno 6, 373. 10, 233. 12, 

35. 13, 129 
damnorum 6, 509. 8, 99 
damnosa 7, 101. 14, 4 
damnum 9, 125. 10, 210 
damus 8, 70. 11, 174 
dant 7, 90 

dare 3, 229. 6, 568. 7, 
43. 10, 295 363. 13, 
187. 15, 103 127 132 
157 

darentur 2, 157 
daret 7, 104. 15, 155 
dari 5, 150 
das 3, 184 

dat 2, 19 63. 3, 279. 13, 

19. 14, 30 230 
data 10, 146 243 
datum 6, 134 

datur 5, 40 88 99. 6, 204. 
16, 13 52 

daturos 10, 49 

de 1, 34 66 137. 2, 2 20 
24 62. 3, 123 140 154. 
4, 11 33. 5, 25 33 twice 
167. 6, 33 45 76 161 
186 187 385. 7, 197 
198. 8, 27 49 107 134 
207. 9, 143 149. 10, 89 
101 134 251 252. 11, 5 
65 73. 12,116. 13, 6 92. 
14, 6 114 134. 15,25 47 
85 92. 16, 18 38 &c. 



VERBAL INDEX 



Derc 2, 89. 6, 310 314 
Deam 2, 87. 10, 366. 14, 
316 

debeat 5, 20. 11, 136. 13, 

63. 14,255 
debent 1, 75 
debere 3, 51. 4, 52 
deberet 6, 387 
debes5, 171. 8,24 70 
debet 2, 44. 6, 446. 13, 

12. 15,97 
debetur4, 133. 6, 537 647. 

14,47 
debilis 10, 227 
debilitate 14, 156 
debitor 16, 40 
debuerant 3, 163 
debueras 13, 115 
debuit 3, 213 222 
deceant 2, 76 
decebat 4, 13 
decebunt 8, 182 
decern 7, 142. 13, 71 
Decembri 7, 97. 9, 68 
decens 6, 162 
decentius 6, 487 
decepta 6, 603 
deceptas 9, 126 
deceret 8, 263 
decernat 13, 92 
decerpere 14, 253 
decet II, 155 200 
decidere 12, 33 
deciderit 6, 432 
decies 10,335. 13, 136. 14, 

28 

Decii 8, 258 

Deeiorum 8, 254. 14, 239 
decipit 5, 166. 6, 234 
declamare 7, 150 
declamatio 10, 167 
declamatoris 16, 23 
decocta 5, 50 
decolor 6, 600. 7, 226 
decoris 6, 501 
decoxit 15, 81 
decrescebat 15, 69 
decrescere 7, 220 
decurrere 1, 19. 9, 126 
decus 6, 255 

dedecus 4, 131. 8, 200. 10, 
342 

dederat 10, 288 

dederit 2, 59. 6, 581. 7, 

140. 10, 319. 14, 52 
dedi 9, 39 

dedimus 1,16. 9, 86 

dedisset 4, 150 

dedisti 6, 27. 9, 124. 14, 

70 244 
dedit 1, 158. 2, 78 117. 3, 



108. 6, 137 157 158 359 

383 542. 10, 119. 12, 

73 79. 15, 133 
deditus 6, 181 206. 9, 71 
deducendum 13, 155 
deducere 3, 136 286. 7, 54 

224. 13, 132. 14, 104 
deducis 8, 273 
deductis 13, 207 
deduxit 10, 109 
deerat 4, 72 

deerit 2, 168. 3, 303. 9, 

112 130. 16, 18 
deesset 7, 69 
defecisse 5, 7. 10, 177 
defecit 5, 94 
defendere 1, 103. 8, 48 
defendier 15, 157 
defendit 2, 46 
defensor 8, 163 
defensus 10, 85 
deferat 6, 552 
defert 11, 156 
defertur 16, 19 
deficiat 3, 311 
deficeret 11, 197 
deficiente II, 38 
deficientibus 12, 69 
deficit 7, 129 
defluit 7, 32 
defluxit 3, 62 

deformem 10, 191 192 307 
deformia 6, 107 
deformis 3, 87. 4, 58 
defossa 10, 46 
defuit 4, 123. 7, 75 
defundere 3, 277 
degenerare 14, 14 
Dei 11, 107 
dejecerat 11, 119 
dein 15, 53 

deinde 1, 101 128. 3, 280 
298. 6, 19 156 418. 8, 
110. 9, 39 42. 10, 59 

63 

Deis 8, 216. 12, 2 114 
delapsa 3, 118 
delator 1, 33. 3, 116. 10, 
70 

delatore 4, 48 
dele 7, 27 
delebit 12, 123 
delectant 8, 132 137 
delectatur 16, 6 
delectent 6, 366 
delevit 5, 35 
deliberat 7, 162 
delicias 4, 4. 6, 47 260. 

10, 291. 13, 140 
delinquere 14, 233 
Delphinis 10, 14 



TO JUVENAL. 



473 



Delphinorumque 6, 590 

Delphis 6, 555 

delubra 3, 13. 13, 107 

delubri 13, 69 

delubris 12, 84 

demens 6, 222. 10, 166. 

11, 2. 15, 1 
dementia 10, 233 
Demetrius 3, 99 
demissum 15, 146 
Democritus 10, 34 
Demosthenis 10, 114 
densa 10, 186 
densa 14, 144 
densa 12, 18 
densasque 9, 36 
densi 6, 381 

densissima 1, 120. 13, 

215 
deriso 6, 263 
densos 6, 52 
dente 14, 11 
dentem 9, 134 
dentes 6, 145. 16, 10 
dentibus 3, 301. 11, 124. 

14, 241. 15, 162 
dentur 6, 571. 8, 211 
Deorum 3, 218. 7, 67. 10, 

55 184. 13, 46 100 231 

249. 15, 103 
Deos 3, 146. 13, 91. 15, 

38 

depastumque 4, 51 
deponis 1, 142 
deponit 3, 186 
deponunt 1, 133 
depositum 13, 16 60 178 
201 

deposuit 11, 126 
deprendas 9, 18 19 
deprendere 4, 142. 7, 112 
deprensa 6, 640 
deprensis 6, 285 
deprensus 9, 3 
derideat 2, 23 
derisor 6, 534 
descendant 11, 164 
descendat 14, 61 
descendere 6, 622. 10, 282. 

14, 266 
descendet 6, 522 
descendimus 3, 17 
descendit 7, 173, 11, 27 
descendunt 10, 58 113 
desertis 7, 6 
desiderat 8, 78. 11, 153 
desiderio 6, 142 
desidia 4, 44 
desisti 8, 164 
desint 3, 311 
desipis 6, 612 



desit 5, 120 
desperanda 6, 231 
desperatio 6, 367 
despiciam 11, 24 
despicias 8, 112 114. 9, 99 
despiciat 5, 82 
despiciet 1, 159 
despicit 11, 131 
destinat 4, 45. 10, 331 
destinet 3, 3 
desunt 6, 333 
det 6, 354 
deteret 3, 24 
deterges 5, 27 
deterior 2, 22. 9, 121. 10, 
323 

detenus 3, 7 90. 11, 50. 
14, 53 

detestabile 2, 48. 13, 126. 

15, 121 
detulit 6, 220 
detur 6, 653 
Deucalion 1, 81 
devectum 7, 121 
devehat 1, 10 
deverticulo 15, 72 
devexae 4, 118 
devia 14, 75 
Deum 6, 512 
deuncem 1, 40 
devotusque 9, 72 
Deus 5, 132. 8, 111. 13, 

46. 15, 71 
dextera 6, 560 
dextra 4, 120 

dextra 6, 658. 8, 204. 10, 
249 

dextrae 3, 48. 15, 67 
dextram 3, 28. 5, 71 
dextro 10, 5 

Di 6, 531. 7, 207. 10, 8 
349 

diadema 8, 259. 13, 105 

diademate 13, 39 

Diana 10, 292 

Dianam 3, 320. 15, 8 

die 3, 295. 6, 29 279 280 
281 393 twice. 7, 106. 8, 
56. 9, 54. 10, 338. 11, 
33. 13,33. 14,211 

dicam 9, 68 

dicant 2, 28 

dicas 1, 150. 3, 96 312. 6, 

198 441. 7, 13 
dicat 5, 130. 6, 308. 7, 

233 235. 10, 216 
dicebat 4, 143. 12, 37. 14, 

180 

dicendi 6, 449. 10, 9 
dicens 16, 41 
dicentem 7, 147 
3 p 



dicere 1, 153. 3, 297. 4, 
50. 5, 131. 8, 275. 10, 
101. 11, 194. 13, 161. 
14, 26 150. 16, 30 

diceret 10, 76. 15, 171 

dices 14, 225 

dicet 6, 145 404. 8, 163. 

13, 184 
dicetur 6, 473 
dici 6, 105 
dicis 14, 235 
dicit 7, 62. 14, 321 
dicite 6, 265 
dicitur 6, 478 644 
dicta 15, 98 
dictabitur 6, 218 
dictante 14, 29 
dictare 6, 245 
dictata 5, 122 
dictataque 6, 391 
Dictatore 8, 8 
Dictatoris 11, 87 
dictem 11, 59 
dictet 8, 82 
dictis 1, 154 
dictisque 8, 25 
dictu 11, 56. 14, 44 
dictum 2, 119 
dictumque 3, 71 
dicturus 1, 44. 4, 148. 7, 

116 
dicunt 13, 137 
didicere 13, 22 
didicit 7, 30. 14, 9 
diducere 10, 230 
diducis 1, 157 
diducit 10, 153 
die 6, 183 475. 7, 161. 10, 

224. 12, 1 
dieque 3, 105. 7, 61. 13, 

198 

diebus 6, 536. 11, 83 206 
diem 1, 4. 7, 84. 9, 108. 

11, 183. 15, 41 
dierum 3, 172. 10, 343 
dies 1, 127. 4, 67. 9, 17. 

10,265. 13, 23 160 
differre 14, 130 
differt 3, 213 
difficile 1, 30. 11, 17 
difficili 13, 213 
diffunditur 3, 227 
diffusa 11, 159 
diffusum 5, 30 
digitis 1,28. 2, 107. 5, 44. 

10,229. 12,58. 14, 222. 

15, 92 

digito 1, 160. 3, 248. 6, 27 
157. 9, 133. 11, 43 129 
digitos 6, 197 422. 7, 89 
digitosque 7, 232 



474 



VERBAL INDEX 



digna 1, 51. 4, 136. 5,62. 

6, 61 161 230. 10, 157. 
12, 114. 13, 62. 14, 1 
206. 15, 118 129 

dignae 6, 50 
dignam 13, 205 
dignatur 14, 324 
dignior 13, 235 
dignique 8, 67 
dignissima 6, 249 
dignissime 13. 33 
dignoscere 10, 2 
dignum 1, 73. 9, 47. 10, 

183 255. 12, 45. 14, 50. 

15, 17. 16, 22 31 
dignumque 16, 31 
dignus 4, 117. 5, 115 173. 

7, 29. 8, 85 188. 15, 
140 

digredimur 16, 47 
digressu 3, 1 
dilata 13,228 
dilatis 11, 181 
dilectae 10, 318 
dilexit 14, 240 
diligit 6, 72 
diligitur 3, 49 
diluvio 6, 411 
dimidia 5, 9 

dimidio 5,84. 14, 132 201. 
15, 5 

diraidios 8, 4. 15, 57 
dimidium 6,257. 13, 95 
dimittatur 6, 470 
dimitte 1, 125 
dimittente 6, 126 
dimittere 5, 20 
Diomedeas 1, 53 
Diphilus 3, 120 
dira 4, 14. 12, 26. 15, 32 

96 104 
dira? 8, 119. 13, 106 
direxit 4, 89 
diri, 13, 193 
dirimente 6, 164 
dirimi 9, 79 
diripiatur 6, 404 
diris 4, 80. 10, 15 
dime 14, 196 
dims 7, 161 
dirusque 4, 116 
diruta 4, 60 

Dts 1, 49. 3, 146. 4, 71. 

5, 132. 8, 257. 10, 129. 

11, 113. 14, 206 
discedas 7, 50 
discinxerit 8, 120 
discipuli 2, 28. 7, 218 
discipulo 13, 125 
discipulos 10, 224 
discipulum 14, 213 



discipulumque 3, 117 
discipulus 11, 137 
discit 5, 155. 6, 66 
discrimen 6, 500 592. 13, 
118 

discrimina 6, 301. 10, 196 
311 

discrimine 5, 123. 8, 54. 

11, 32. 14, 258 
discritninis 6, 520. 10, 139. 

12, 24 55. 14, 203 290 
discumbere 5, 12. 6, 433 
discunt 14, 209 
discursus 1, 86 " 
discutienda 10, 145 
disertos 7, 31 

disjunge 5, 119 
dispensat 7, 219 
dispensatore 1, 91 
dispenso 3, 287 
dispersi 4, 48 
dispersos 15, 151 
displiceant 14, 65 
displiceat 2, 26 
displicet 13, 2 215 
displicuit 6, 495 
disponat 6, 163 
disponere 7, 44 
disponit 6, 490 
dispositis 14, 305 
dissimilem 8, 216 
dissimilemque 10, 192 
dissimiles 3, 18. 15, 68 
dissimules 9, 70 
dissimulet 16, 9 
distantia3, 97. 13, 122 
distare 14, 98 
distat 7, 194 
distendat 5, 80 
distendere 6, 598 
distet 11, 26 

distinguitur 1, 127. 14, 
289 

distinxit 3, 159 
distulit 10, 249 
diu 4, 51. 5, 160. 6, 2. 8, 

87. 10,243. 14, 37 
diversa 3, 268. 6, 257. 10, 

3. 15, 94 
diversa 13, 136 
diversae 7, 156 
diversis 4, 148 
diverso 10, 263. 13, 104 
diversum 7, 172 
diversai 7, 156 
dives 2, 60. 3,240. 5, 113. 

6, 162 460. 7, 30. 14, 

176 

divina 3, 207. 10, 125 355 
divinat 4, 124 
divinorumque 15, 144 



divitiae 1, 110. 6, 300. 10, 

24. 14, 329 
divitiarura 1, 112 
divitias 14, 135 238 
divitibus 3, 58. 6, 585. 11, 

120 

divitis 3, 131. 6, 548. 9, 
102. 11, 166. 13,27 

Divorum 6, 114 

diurni 6, 483 

Divum 6, 393 

Divumque 13, 31 

dixeris 3, 103 

dixerit 1, 161. 6, 554. 8, 
30. 16, 29 

diximus 15, 113 

dixisse 4, 36 

dixisset 10, 124 

dixit 4,65 119. 7,214. 8, 
244 

do 7, 165 

doceat 7, 176 

docentis 7, 158 

doces 7, 150. 14,237 

docet 6, 232 233. 7, 224. 

13, 189. 14, 18 125 
dociles 14, 40 

docta 6, 445 

docte 7, 184 

doctique 7, 215 

doctoris 11, 137 

doctus 1, 56 57 

docuit 15, 111 

dogmata 13, 121 

Dolabella 8, 105 

dolabra 8, 248 

dolato 12, 57 

doleas 5, 157 

dolet 3, 102. 11, 188 

dolia 6, 431. 9, 58. 14, 

308 
dolo 13, 146 

dolor 10,315. 11,52. 13,12 
dolorem 13, 131 229 
dolori 10, 315 
doloris9, 90 
domat6, 235 

domestica 9, 17. 10, 95. 

14, 32. 15, 64 

domi 1, 120. 2, 84. 3, 165. 
6, 152 357 465. 10, 65. 
11, 117. 12, 10 119. 13, 
57 

domibus3, 303. 6, 607. 8, 

233. 9, 80 
domina 3, 33. 6, 376 377 
domino? 6, 423 530. 9, 78 
dominam 6, 30 
dominas 6, 323 
domini 2, 98. 4, 96. 5, 49 

137. 10,269. 14,63 169 



TO JUVENAL. 



475 



dominique 3, 72 
dominis 7, 64. 11,42 47 
domino 5, 71 81 92 147 
dominos6, 4. 8,65. 9, 111 
dominum 2, 42. 3, 231. 4, 

52. 6, 416. 8, 161. 9, 

46. 10,88 
dominus 5, 137. 7, 179. 

14, 145 293 
Domiti 8, 228 
domitique 8, 51 
domito 11, 89 
domitos 10, 109 
domitum 7, 77 
domoque 13, 206 

domos 6, 3 225 312. 10, 7. 

15, 153 

domum 4, 40. 11, 189. 12, 

87. 14, 69 148 282 
domus 1, 7. 3, 10 187 

212 224 261. 5, 66. 6, 

115. 7, 41 184. 8, 100. 

10,299. 11,99 169. 13, 

130. 14,310 
domus 3, 113. 6, 85 228 

486. 10, 244 342. 13, 

130. 14, 259. 
domuum 3, 72 
dona, noun, 13, 149. 16, 

57 

dona, verb, 7, 25. 11, 
182 

donabis 6, 212 
donabitur 4, 55 
donanda 6, 203 
donandi 5, 111 
donant 2, 61 

donare 3, 3. 9, 49 59. 10, 
91 

donaret 5, 133 
donat 3, 133. 6, 356 
donaverit 6, 519. 7, 236 
donavit 1, 59. 15, 86 
donee 5, 122. 6, 484. 10, 

162. 13, 158 
dones 6, 191 

donet 3, 215. 7, 75. 14, 

235 
Dorica 4, 40 
Dorida 3, 94 
dormiat 6, 376 
dormiet 3, 241 
dormire 1, 77. 3, 196 281. 

6, 116. 8, 11 
dormiret 1, 17 
dormis 2, 37 
dormisset 6, 89 
dormit 2, 60. 6, 34 329 
dormitur 3, 235. 6, 269 
dorso 12, 109 
dote 6, 139 169. 14, 221 



dotem 2, 1 17 

Druso 3, 238 

Drusorum 8, 40 

Drusus 8, 21 

dure 6, 20 

duas 7, 65. 10, 80 

dubia 7, 116. 8, 263 

dubiam 11, 179 

dubie 6, 375. 14, 111 

dubii 13, 124 

dubiis 5, 22 

dubita 6, 306 

dubitabat 12, 43 

dubitant 8, 194. 9, 110 

dubitaret 13, 200 

dubitas 3, 136 

dubitat 9, 99 

dubitaturi 4, 50 

dubitemne 1, 103 

dubites 15, 89 

dubitet 8, 212. 13, 97 153 

dubium 7, 110. 10, 82 

dubius 14, 136 

due 10, 65 

ducat 1, 22. 7, 237. 13, 
152 

ducatur 12, 112 

duce 10, 147 

ducem 10, 158 

ducenda 10, 240 

ducendi 6, 201 

ducentos 7, 139 

ducere 12, 9 

duceris 5, 125 

duces, noun, 7, 115. 8, 12 

ducet 6, 583 

ducibus 6, 400. 12, 108. 

15, 40 

ducimus 7, 49. 12, 3. 13, 
20 

ducis, noun, 2, 104. 7, 21. 

16, 58 
ducis, verb, 6, 28 

ducit 2, 81. 6, 238. 14, 
188 

ducitur 1, 146. 6, 428, 10, 
66 

ducta 13, 216 

ducti 10, 351 

ductis 15, 91 

ductus 13, 10 

ducunt 12, 65. 14, 36 

dudum 3, 129 317. 10, 

333 
duelli 1, 169 
dulce 9, 88 
dulcedine 7, 39 84 
dulcem 6, 38 
dulcior 5, 139. 12, 1 
dulcique 13, 185 
dum 1, 60. 5, 119. 6, 176. 



9, 128 twice. 10, 86. 11, 
5 &c. 

dummodo 7, 222 225. 8, 

269. 13, 94 
dumque 11, 6 
duo 4, 109. 6,338. 7, 187. 

9, 142. 14, 22. 16, 24 
duos 5, 15. 6, 641 642. 

14, 326 
dura 5, 172 
durai 2, 11 
duraque 6, 290 
durat 6, 379 
durate 9, 69 
duret 10, 254 
duri 9, 29. 11, 151 
durior 3, 165. 8, 189 
durius 3, 152 
duro 3, 245 
duroque 3, 170 
duros 6, 102 
durum 6, 98 377 
durumque 11, 90 
dux 4, 145 
duxerat 15, 25 
duxit 11, 93 



E. 

E 2, 40. 6, 364&c. 
eas, verb, 3, 274 
easdem 14, 113 
eat 6, 521 
ebore 14, 308 
eboris 11, 132 
ebria 6, 300 
ebrius 3, 278. 15, 24 
ebur 8, 103. 11, 123. 12, 
112 

eburnis 13, 139 

eburno 10, 43 

ecce 2, 129. 4, 1. 5, 166. 

6, 511. 8,203. 12,24 
echini 4, 143 
Echion 6, 76 
edaml,21. 14,317 
ede 3, 74 296 
edendi 4, 139 
edere 7, 196. 10, 261 
ederet 2, 123 
ediscere 14, 124 
ediscunt 14, 101 
edit 5, 147 148. 15, 80 88 
edita 4, 141 
educat 15, 70 
educit 6, 469 
edunt 3, 36 
eduxit 10, 236 
efferat 6, 567 
efferre 1, 72 



470 



VERBAL INDEX 



effert 6, 182 

office 14, 323 

efficiuut 16, 21 

effigiem 1, 131. 11, 106 

effigiemque 6, 310 

effigies 8, 9 22 227. 13, 

119. 15, 4 
effodit 16. 38 
effundere 3, 277. 5, 159 
effunderet 2, 33 
effuderit 13, 67 
effudit 8, 205 
effugiatque 11, 201 
elFugientem 1 1, 55 
effugies 14, 157 
effugit 9, 150. 10, 78 
effundit 4, 43. 14, 230 
effundunt 6, 190 
effusis 6, 164 
egeat 7, 229 
egent 15, 147 
egentis 14, 137 
Egeriaj 3, 17 
egestas 15, 96 
eget7,62. 13,97. 14,288 
egimus 7, 125 
egisti 7, 122 
egit 8, 187 

ego 1, 1 51 52 80 &c. 
egregiara 14, 256 
egregias 10, 17 
egregii 10, 296 
egregios 10, 95 
egregium 7,53. 13,64. 14, 
115 

egregius 8, 28. 12, 41 
egregius, comparative, 11, 
12 

egressa 11, 184 
egressi 6, 635 
eidem 14, 122 
ejectis 3, 16 
ejectum 13, 242 
eisdcm 14, 30 
ejusdera 4, 94. 12, 26 
elapsum 4, 52 
elatam 14,220 
Electrje 8, 218 
electro 14, 307 
elegos 1, 4 

elementa 11. 14. 14, 123 
elementis 14, 17 
elemento 15, 86 
elenchos 6, 459 
elephanti 12, 102 
elephantos 10, 150 
eliceret 7, 212 
elige 10, 329 
Elissae 6, 435 
elixi 3,294. 13, 85 
eloquio 7, 139. 10, 118 



eloquium 7, 19. 10, 114 
Elpenora 15, 22 
elusus 11,9 
eluviem 3, 32 
emat 5, 98 
ematur 6, 152 
erne 14, 252 
emendus 1, 134. 9, 66 
emere 4, 47 
emeret 7, 76 
emergunt 3, 164 
emerit 4, 7 
emerita 6, 498 
ernetur 6, 213. 11, 36 
emi 4, 26 
eminus 7, 128 
emis 2, 41 
emit 2, 6. 4, 15 22 
emittere 15, 67 
emitur 6, 140 466 
emolumenta 3, 22. 16, 35 
emtor 12, 47 
emtorque 8, 17 
emtos 11, 145 
emturus 7, 133 
emtus 5, 60 
emundat 14, 67 
emungeris 6, 147 
emuntur 11,16 
en 2, 72. 6, 531. 9, 50 
Enceladi 7,215 
enduperator 10, 138 
enduperatorem 4, 29 
endromidas 6, 246 
endromidem 3, 103 
Endymion 10. 318 
enim 1, 89. 7, 125. 11, 30 
&c. 

Ennosigaeum 10, 182 
ense 1, 165 
enthymema 6, 450 
eodem3. 205. 10,42. 14,8 
ephebis 2, 164 
ephebum 10, 306 
i<pi>.xtrai 9, 37 
ephemeridas 6, 574 
Epicure 14, 319 
Epicurum 13, 122 
epimenia 7, 120 
epirhedia 8, 66 
epistola 4, 149. 10, 71. 

16, 5 
Eponam 8, 157 
epotaque 10, 177 
epulas 4, 28. 11, 88 
epulis 5, 173 
epulum 3, 229 
equas 6, 626 
equarum 8, 108 
eques 8, 238 
equestri 3, 154 



equitant 6, 311 

equitem 9, 10 

equites 7, 14. 10, 95. 14, 

326 

equitesque 7, 15 
equitis 6, 279 

equitum 4, 32. 6, 625. 8,8 
equos 1 , 20. 7, 67 
equum 8, 58 
equus 11, 103 
erecta 6, 507 
erectas 4, 128 
erectique 11, 149 
erectum 1 1 , 89 
erepet 6, 526 
ereximus 1, 114 
erexit 1, 94. 10, 139. 12, 
91 

erga 6, 389 

ergastula 6, 151. 8, 180. 
14, 24 

ergo 1,3 15. 10, 346 &c. 

erigit 8, 206 

Erimarchus 3, 120 

Erinnys 7, 68 

Eriphylae 6, 655 

eripiat 8, 95 

eripient 3, 238 

eripietur 8, 109 

eripuit 10, 127. 15, 161 

errat 6, 101 

errorem 8, 165 

errores 13, 188 

erroribus 14, 15 

erroris 10, 4 

erubuit 10, 326 

erucis 9, 134 

escaria 12, 46 

Esquilias3,71. 5,78. 11,51 

esse 15, 102 

esuriens 3, 78. 7, 7. 13, 

99. 14, 127 
esurit 7, 87 

et 6, 126. 7, 167 &c. &c. 
etenirn 8, 111. 16, 4 
Etruscum 5, 164 
etsi 1, 113. 7, 194. 12, 119 

evadere 12, 35 
Evandrum 11, 61 
evaserit 12, 122 
evasi 12, 18 
evasisse 13, 193 
evasit 9, 65 
evehit 1, 38 
eventum 1 1, 196 
eversa 10, 266 
eversis II, 101 
eversum 3, 258 
evertentibus 12, 31 
evertere 10, 7 
evertit 10, 108 



TO JUVENAL. 



477 



Euganea 8, 15 
evoe 7, 62 
Eumenidum 14, 285 
eundum 13, 316 
euntem 12, 110 
eunuchi 6, 366 
eunucho 6, 378 
eunuchum 12, 35 
Euphranoris 3, 217 
Euphratem 1, 104. 8, 51 
Euro 12, 63 
Europen 8, 34 
Euros 14, 186 
Eurum 10, 180 
Eurus 11, 119 
Eurvalum 6, 81 
ex 2, 36. 3, 139. 4, 134. 
5, 134. 6, 451. 7, 216. 

9, 83. 10, 39 63. 11, 55 
117 124 132. 13, 24. 
14, 40 204 

ex quo 1, 81. 6, 294. 10, 

77. 14, 261 
exasquet 12, 130 
examenve 13, 68 
exagitare 6, 29 
exagitata 2, 88 
exanimes 13, 224 
exarsit 6, 103 
exaudiet 10, 214 
exaudita 10, 111 
excanduit 10, 327 
excelsas 10, 106 
excelsi 5, 83 
excepit 6, 125 
excerpere 6, 62 
excidet 4, 127 
excipiant 7, 195 
excipiat 16, 3 
excipiat 6, 409. 8, 250 
excipitur 11, 3 
excitat 3, 262. 14, 191 
excitet 6, 196 
exclamare 6, 423. 8, 29 
exclamas 13, 112 
exclamat 3, 292 
excludetur 6, 214 
exclusi 4, 64 
excusat 15, 115 
excusaturos 16, 28 
excussos 16, 10 
excutias 6, 143 
exeat 3, 153 
exegit 10, 187 
exempla 7, 189. 9, 135. 

10, 49. 14, 32 120 
exemplis 8, 184. 14, 322 
exemplo 13, 1 
exemplum 2, 48 114. 10, 

247. 15,32 98 
exeo 3, 47 
exercendis 15, 145 



exercere 14, 108. 15, 60 

exercitibus 10, 92 

exhalasset 10, 281 

exhausta 8, 90 

exhaust! 6, 363 

exhausti 9, 59 

exhorruit 8, 196 

exi 6, 146 147 484 

exigat 10, 84 

exigis 13, 36 

exigit6, 35. 10, 313 314 

exigite 7, 237 238 

exigua 5, 85. 14, 219 

exiguae 11, 144 

exiguam 4, 30 

exiguamque 13, 13 

exiguas 11, 131 

exigui 13, 123. 14, 155 

exiguique 13, 190 

exiguis 1, 68. 3, 24. 8, 66 

exiguum 3, 123 

exiguus 10, 205 

exiguusque 14, 301 

eximie 11, 1 

eximius 10, 211 

exire 4, 144 

exit 11, 42 

exitus 6, 33. 7, 130 204. 

10, 127 159 271. 11, 39 
exodio 6, 71 
exodium 3, 175 
exorabile 13, 102 
exorare 9, 138 
exorata 6, 415 
exorrjent 8, 19 
expavere 6, 361 
expediam 10, 220 
expende 10, 147 
expendere 10, 347 
experiar 1, 170. 13, 103 
experiere 11, 56 
expiet 6, 521 
explicat 12, 55 
expositum 7, 54 
exprimat 6, 81 
exsilium 10, 159 276 
exsistunt 12, 101 
exsorbeat 10, 223 
exsorbes 6, 277 
exspectanda 7, 22 
exspeclandus 16, 42 
exspectant 2, 115. 4, 64. 

10, 311 
exspectantibus 6, 274 
exspectare 11, 10. 12, 95. 

14, 249. 15, 83 ► 
exspectas 6, 75 239. 14,25 
exspectat 12, 3 
exspectata 8, 87 
exspectate 9, 69 
exspectatos 6, 371 
exspectatur 6, 488 



exspectent 1, 109 
exspectes 1, 14. 4, 22. 11, 
162 

exspectet 7, 180 
exspiravit 15, 163 
exspuit 13, 214 
exstantem 10, 37 
exstat 13, 150 
exstinctaa 3, 48 
exstinctus 6, 8. 10, 263. 

13, 206 
exstinguendus 10, 332 
exstiterint 6, 15 
exsucta 8, 90 
exsul 1, 49. 6, 470 557 
exsulibus 8, 262. 13, 247 
exsultare 15, 87 
exsultat 8, 59 
exsuperans 10, 13 
exsurgit 6, 305 
exta 6, 551. 10, 355 
extendere 2, 107 
extendit 6, 496 
extenditque 14, 325 
extenditur 11, 167 
extensis 12, 68 
extensum 12, 5 
extentis 6, 459 
extollit 3, 40 
extorquebis 6, 54 
extortamque 8, 33 
extra 1, 76. 13, 140. 16, 

16 

extrema 7, 43 
extremi 15, 96 
extremum 10, 358 
extulit 6, 175 
extundere 15, 168 
exue 11, 188 
exuet 10, 320 
exuit 3, 25. 13, 188 
exundans 10, 119 
exuviae 10, 133 



F. 

Faber 7, 223 
Fabii 6, 266 
Fabiis 2, 146 
Fabios 8, 191. 11, 90 
Fabius 7, 95. 8, 14 
Fabrateria? 3, 224 
fabri 15, 168 
Fabricio 4, 129 
Fabricios 11,91 
Fabricius 2, 154. 9, 142 
fabris 14, 116 
fabros 8, 175 
fabruraque 1, 54 
fabula 1, 145. 15, 72 
fac 14, 326 



478 



VERBAL INDEX 



face, pro fac, 5, 112 
face, noun, 15, 140 
facem 8, 139 
fa cere 11, 206 
facerent 15, 123 
faceres 6, 282 
faceret 6, 388 
faces 6, 139 
facetus 9, 10 
faciam 3, 41 

facia nt 2, 166. 6, 475. 7, 

14 15 240. 11, 176 
facias 8, 179. 14, 57 
faciat 12, 127 

facie 2, 107. 3, 106. 4, 74. 

6, 108 401. 7, 137. 9,6. 
10, 63. 11, 54. 16, 11 

faciem 1, 97. 3, 87 280. 6, 
481. 10, 293. 13, 128 
151 

facienda 15, 108 
faciens 9, 117 

facient 1, 119. 2, 66. 5, 

117. 8, 115 
facientque 1, 148 
facientia 11, 179 
facies, twminative singular, 

3, 135. 6, 143 199 462 

473 513. 9,20. 10, 157 

198 

facies, accusative plural, 8, 
157. 9, 146. 15, 57 

faciesque, accusative plural, 
7,67. 14,291 

faciet6, 552 617. 9,34 

facile 3, 31 164. 4, 103. 
9 43. 13 75 

facilem 3, 122. 5, 107 

faciles 10, 8 

facili 3, 227. 4, 63 

facilis 8, 58. 10, 31. 15, 47 

facimus 10, 366. 14, 316 

facinus 3, 115. 6, 640. 10, 
255. 13, 203. 15, 14 

facinusque 6, 294 493 

facis 7, 28. 14, 71 

facit 1, 79. 2, 57. 3, 53 
242 282. 5, 91 140. 6, 
111 409 596 647 652. 

7, 38 57 92 238. 8, 215. 
9, 107. 12, 35. 14, 80. 
15, 31 

faciuDt 2, 45 163. 3, 299. 

6, 134 173. 8, 1. 12, 50. 

15, 137 
facta est 6, 186 
factas 12, 44 

facti 6, 271. 13, 193 210 
factis 4, 11. 8, 25 
facto 3, 162. 10, 218 
factum 13, 126 
factura 11, 95. 12, 56 



facturus 6, 428 

factus 5, 70. 6, 157 376 

facunda 6, 445. 7, 35. 10, 

274. 15, 111 
facundia 4, 82. 7, 145. 10, 

10 

facundo 16, 45 
facundum 8, 48 
faicis 3, 61 
Faesidium 13, 32 
falce 8, 201 
falcem 13, 39 
falcibus 14, 149 
Falemas 6, 150 
Falerni 9, 116 
Falerno 4, 138. 6, 303. 13, 
216 

Falernum 6, 430 

fallaci 13, 4 

fallit 14, 109 

falsas 8, 142 

falsi 2, 65 

falso 1 , 98. 6, 604 

falso 1, 67 

falsum 16, 32 

falsus 8, 82. 14, 218 

fama 6, 55. 8, 71. 15, 93 

fama 7, 79. 14, 1 

famcee, 500. 7, 39. 8,76. 

9, 86. 10, 125 140. 14, 
152 

famam 1, 72. 6, 90 408. 

10, 114. 11, 23 
fame 14, 84. 15, 102 
fameque 6, 424 
famelica 14, 146 
famem 4, 138 
famemque 6, 360. 14, 273 
fames 5, 10. 14, 318. 15, 

120 131 
famosaque 6, 83 
famoso 15, 46 
famulae 14, 81 
fana 12, 27 

fanaticus 2, 112. 4, 123 

fanum 9, 22. 10, 290 

farina? 5, 68 

farra 12, 84. 14, 155 

farrago 1, 86 

farrata 11, 109 

farre 6, 386. 9, 122 138 

farris 5, 11 

fas 1, 58. 10, 55 257. 13, 
237 

fas est 1, 131. 6, 329 628 
fasce 7, 107 

fasces 8, 260. 10, 35 79 
fascia 6, 263. 9, 14. 14, 
294 

fascibus 5, 1 10 
fastidia 10, 202. 14, 184 
201 



fastidit 11, 80 
fastidita 10, 326 
fastiditus 10, 270 
fastigia 3, 39 

fata 3, 274. 6,652. 7,201. 

9, 32. 10, 146 
fatebere 13, 248 
fateri 3, 59. 13, 222 
fateris 10, 103 
fatetur 2, 17. 10, 172. 15, 

132 

fati 7, 200. 16, 4 
fatigatas 3, 25 
fatiget 4, 5. 6, 442 
fatis2, 16. 5, 133. 13, 156 
fato 11, 105. 13, 104. 14, 

137 158 
fatoque 10, 129 
fatorum 7, 190. 10, 252 
fatuam 6, 658 
fatum 4, 88. 6, 588. 9, 32 
fatumque 12, 63 
fatuos 9, 8 

faucibus 8, 207. 13, 212 
faventes 12, 83 
favisset 10, 75 
fausti 7, 12 

febre 10, 218. 13, 229 
febres 10, 283 
febris 9, 17 
fecerat 1, 68 
feceris 8, 41 

fecerit 6, 115 222 405. 14, 

50 151 
feci 6, 638 
fecimus 8, 163 
fecisse 3, 231. 6,456. 14, 

185 

fecisset 4, 12. 6, 619 

fecit 2, 109. 3, 52. 4, 23. 

7, 83. 8, 143 223. 10, 

46 

fecunda 6, 162 
fecundam 2, 32 
fecundior 6, 177. 7, 98 
fecundis 9, 56 
felices3, 312. 13, 21. 14, 
119 

felicia 2, 38. 3, 312 

felicibus 9, 135 

felicior 10, 313. 14, 312 

felicis 16, 1 

felicissimus 16, 59 

feliciter 2, 119 

felix 4, 8. 6, 258. 7, 190 

191 193 202. 10, 218. 

13, 187. 14, 21 
femina 2, 88. 6, 60 242 

327 362 460. 9, 24. 10, 

323. 13, 192 
femineis 9, 53 
femineum 6, 246 



TO JUVENAL. 



479 



femur 6, 423. 13, 151 
feneris 11, 40 48 183 
fenestra 3, 242 
fenestra} 1, 104. 3, 275. 6, 
31 

fenestras 9, 104 
fenestris 3, 270 
fenus 9, 140 
fera 15, 160 
feraj 11, 104 
feralis 5, 85 
ferarum 6, 6 

feras, verb, 3, 276. 8, 47 
ferat 1, 139. 5, 164. 7, 147 
feratur 1, 64 

fercula 1, 94. 7, 184. 11, 
64 

fere 6, 241. 10, 23. 11, 

112. 14, 173 
ferenda 16, 43 
ferendam 13, 143 
ferens 2, 125. 6, 9 
ferentem 2, 72. 10, 38 
feres 8, 119 
feret 6, 166 
feriat 7, 55. 13, 93 
ferienda 12, 14 
feriri 6, 417 

ferit 3, 245 twice 270. 6, 429 

feritas 15, 32 

feriunt 3, 298 

ferme 8, 73. 13, 236 

fermentum 3, 188 

ferocem 1, 162 

feroci 7, 126 

ferox 12, 7 

ferrata 7, 41 

ferrata 11, 26 

ferre 3. 45 60. 5, 170. 6, 
30, 208 399. 7, 17. 10, 
359. 12, 109. 13, 14 21 
120. 14, 30 198 
ferrea 6, 23. 7, 150 
ferret 3, 251 
ferreus 1,31. 11, 129 
ferri, noun, 3, 310. 13, 28 
ferro 3, 305. 5, 115. 6, 
560 660.7,224. 10,316. 
11, 140. 12, 54. 14, 22 
174 

ferroque 10, 266 

ferrura 6, 112 624. 9, 97. 

15, 73 165 
fert 3, 68 

fertur 2, 62. 5, 81. 11, 6. 

13, 170 
fervens 3, 49 283. 6, 631 
ferventem 10, 301 
ferventi 11, 51 
fervet 5, 29 49. 6, 138. 8, 

59 



ferulae 1, 15 
ferulas 6, 479 

feruntur 6, 315 648. 7, 64. 

10, 237 
festa 6, 159. 12,92. 13, 23 
festinare 4, 146. 14, 212 
festinat 9, 126. 14, 84 
festinata 4, 96 
festino 10, 273 
festis 11, 83 
festo 15, 38 
festorum 3, 173 
festus 12, 2 
feta 14, 167 
feta3 13, 66 
fetum 15, 12 
fetus 14, 78 
fiant 6, 145 
fias 10, 167 

fiat 6, 775 25 401. 8, 121 
fibula 6, 73 379 
ficedulas 14, 9 
ficta 6, 272 
ficti 13, 77 
fictile 11, 20 

fictilibus 3, 168. 10, 26. 

15, 127 
fictilis 11, 116 
fictos 2, 34 
ficum 14, 253 
ficus 10, 145 
fida 6, 545 

fide, noun, 15, 114 118 
fidei 3, 144. 13, 6 
fidem 13, 31 
Fidenarum 10, 100 
Fidenis 6, 57 

fides 1, 115. 2, 8. 6, 560. 

13, 62. 14, 166 
fidibus 6, 388 
fidimus 7, 139. 
fiducia 6, 553. 10, 306. 13, 

110. 15, 155 
fient 2, 135 136. 6, 324 
fieres 5, 134 

fieri 5, 138. 6, 41 254. 7, 

6. 14, 176 177 
fies 7, 197 198 
fiet 3, 140. 6, 397 508. 9, 

62. 10,311 318 320. 14, 

309 
figam 9, 139 
figamus 6, 78 
figantur 7, 118 
figat 1, 23 
fige 5, 12. 9, 94 
figebat 4, 100 
figendum 11, 28 
figens 14, 272 
figentia 14, 2 
figere 3, 2 



figuli 4, 135 

figulis 10, 171 

figuram 6, 341 

filaque 14, 133 

filia 3, 110. 5, 139. 9, 83. 

14, 26 
filiolam 6, 241 
filiolum 6, 390 
filiolus 9, 83 

filius 3, 111 132 157. 7, 
188. 10, 295. 11, 151. 

13, 141. 14, 49 52 68 

94 

filo 7, 134 
filum 3, 287 
fine 7, 241 

finera 6, 444 527 635. 7, 
138. 10, 163. 13, 241. 

14, 190 

fines 8, 265. 14, 142 
finge 5, 72. 8, 195 
fingentem 15, 18 
fingimus 6, 634 
fingit 13, 132 
finitima 12, 12 
finitimos 15, 33 
finite- 1, 117 
finitum 8, 150 
finitus 1, 6 
finxerunt 9, 109 
finxit 14, 35 
fisci 4, 55 
fiscus 14, 260 
fit 4, 98 

fiunt 2, 162 167. 5, 158. 

6, 229. 10, 64. 11, 134. 

12,22. 14, 117 
fixa 3, 304. 13,240 
fixis 12, 100 
fixo 1, 156 
Flaccus 7, 227 
flagelli 5, 154 
flagellis 10, 180. 14, 19 
flagello 6, 479 
flagellum 2, 169. 8, 151. 

13, 195 
flagitio 13, 244 
flagra 5, 173. 10, 109 
flagrabat 4, 114 
flagrante 1, 152 
flagrantem 14, 245 
flagranti 3, 139 
flagrantia 13, 182 
flagrantior 13, 11 
flamea 2, 124. 6, 225 
flameolo 10, 334 
Flaminia 1, 171 
Flaminiam 1, 61 
flammarum 3, 285 
flammas 8, 233 
flammis 10, 266. 11,63 



480 



VERBAL INDEX 



flavam 6, 354. 13, 164 
flavi 5, 115 
Flavius 4, 37 
flavo 6, 120 
flebat 10, 30 
flebile 13, 84 
flectas 13, 144 
flentem 7, 146 
flet 3, 101 
fletu 15, 136 
fletumque 6, 276 
flexi 6, 493 
flexisse 9, 20 
flexit 1, 20 
flexu 3, 237 
Flora 2, 49 
Flora? 14, 262 
Florali 6, 250 
florentibus 8, 99 
flores 15, 50 
flos 5, 56 
flosculus 9, 127 
fluctibus 10, 186 
fluctu 11, 94. 12, 30 
fluctum 6, 322 
fluctuque 14, 296 
fluctus6, 92 
flumina 3, 31. 10, 177 
fluminis 15, 7 
fluxerit 13, 69 
fluxit 6,295 
focis 4, 65. 11, 79 
focos 12, 85. 15, 83 
foculum 3, 262 
focum 5, 97 
foderit 9, 45 

focda 3, 148. 6, 132 461. 

14, C4 
fceda: 14, 152 
fcedere 7, 123 
foedior 4, 14 
fcedis 8, 183 
foedius 2, 82 
foedo 8, 225 
foedum 7, 5. 14, 44 
foeno 11, 70 
foenoque 6, 542 
foenumque 3, 14 
foliata 6, 465 
folium 8, 126 
folle 14, 281 
follem 13, 61 
folles7, 111 
follibus 10, 61 
fons 10, 119. 12, 41 
fonte 6, 286 554 
Fonteio 13, 17 
fontem 14, 104 
fontibus 7, 59 
fontis 3, 13 

fora2, 52. 6, 68. 13, 135 



foras 5, 126 
forcipibus 10, 131 
fore 13, 200 
forent 4, 48 140 
fores 6, 227 

foret 2, 158. 10, 75 103 

263. 12, 30 
fori 16, 47 
foribus 9, 85 
foricas 3, 38 
foris 9, 77 

forma 5, 61. 6, 178. 10, 

324 
forma 6, 103 
forma? 10, 297 
formam 10, 289 
formantque 6, 244 
formica 6, 361 
formidat 3, 176 
formidatus 6, 559 
formidine 13, 106. 16, 77 
formosa 6, 162 465. 13, 43 
formosam 6, 186 
formosissimus 10, 331 
fornace 3, 309 
fornacula 10, 82 
fomice 3, 156. 11, 171 
fornicis 10, 239 
foro 4, 7. 10, 25. 11,50 
forsan 6, 14. 12, 125 
forsifan 1, 150. 5, 156. 8, 

113. 11, 162. 14,34 295 
fortasse 4, 25. 6, 27 600. 

13, 103. 15, 15 
forte 3, 278. 6, 642. 7, 156 

232. 11, 119. 13, 217 
fortem 6, 97. 10, 357 
fortes 9, 142 
fortia 8, 57 
fortibus 8, 122 
fortior 3, 292. 12, 66. 15, 

161 

fortis 4, 3. 16, 59 

foituitu 13, 225 

fortuna 3, 40. 6, 287 605. 

7, 197. 9, 148. 10,285 

366. 12,29. 14,316 328 
fortuna 6, 593. 8, 74 
fortuna; 10, 52. 11, 174. 

13, 10 20 86. 14, 90. 

15, 95 
fortunam 10, 73. 16, 34 
fortunas 14, 113 
forlunatam 10, 122 
forulos 3, 219 
forum 1, 128. 7, 132 
fossa 2, 10 
fossor 11, 80 
fovet 6, 606 
fovetur 6, 468 471 
fovisti 8, 165 



fracta 2, 111. 6. 522 618. 

10, 134. 11, 18 
fractis 14, 161 296 
fractum 5, 68 
fraga 13, 57 
fragiles 6, 344 
fragili 12, 88 
fragor 11, 195 
frameam 13, 79 
frange 7, 27 

frangebat 8, 247. 11, 102 

frangenda 8, 18 

frangendus 10, 200 

fran^ere 10, 102. 15, 9 

franget 7, 219 

frangimus 10, 156 

frangis 8, 136 

frangit 6, 479 

frangitur 11, 189 

franguntur 10, 60 

frater 5, 135 

fraterculus 4, 98 

fratres 5, 137 

fratribus 14, 169 

fratris 10, 242 

fratrum 10, 260 

fraude 13, 71 

fraudem 13, 201 

fraudes 13, 24. 14, 229 

fraudisque 13, 174 

fregeris 14, 309 

fregerunt 6, 299 

fregit 7, 86. 14, 93 

fremat 8, 37 

fremeret 5, 78 

fremitu 6, 261. 14, 247 

frena 2, 169. 8, 88. 10, 

45 128 
frequentes 13, 246 
fricta 4, 33 
frictus 6, 578 

frigida 1, 166. 5, 23. 6, 2. 

14, 300 
frigidior 5, 50 
frigidus 6, 325 
frigora 14, 318 
frigore 4, 44. 11, 75 146 
frigusque 6, 360 
fritillo 14, 5 
frivola 3, 198. 5, 59 
frondibus 6, 6 
frons 8, 189. 11,96 
fronte 5, 44. 6, 503. 9, 2. 

11, 205. 13, 242. 15,50 
frontem 6, 616. 8,203. 13, 

216. 14, 56 
frontemque 6, 583. 12, 6 
frontibus 2, 85. 12, 117 
fronti 2, 8 
Frontonis 1, 12 
fruatur 11, 171 



TO JUVENAL. 



481 



fructus 5, 14. 7, 103. 8, G 
frueris 5, 153 
frugalius 5, 6 

frugiS, 167. 4,23. 14, 111 
fruitur 1, 49 

fruraenti 7, 175. 14, 293 
frumentum 5, 118 
Frusinone 3, 224 
frusta 5, 68. 14, 128. 15, 
79 

frustra 3, 210 

frustum 11, 142 

fruticante 9, 15 

fudit 3, 258 

fuerant U, 72 

fuerat 5, 76 

fuerit 8, 151 

fuerunt 8, 254 

fuga 8, 61 

fugfi 2, 144 

fugae 15, 75 

fugere 2, 1 

fugere 6, 20 

fugeret 15, 172 

fugerunt 2, 64 

fugiam 3, 59 81 

fugienda 14, 36 

fugiens 13, 40 

fugientem 9, 74 

fugientibus 1 1, 52 

fugit 6, 253 339. 8, 206. 

10, 160 
fugitivis 8, 174 
fugitivum 4, 50 
fugitivus 13, 111 
fuissent 6, 642 
fuit 2, 83. 3, 23 137. 4, 

139. 5, 57. 8, 274 275. 

10, 83 247. 11, 78. 13, 

53. 14, 29 105 
fulcri 6, 22 
fulcrum 11, 95 
fulgebat 11, 108 
fulgere 10, 212 
fulget 8, 42 

fulgura 6, 587. 13, 223. 

14, 292 
fulguris 12, 17 
fuligine 2, 93. 5, 35. 10, 

130 
fuligo 7, 227 

fulmina3, 145. 7, 163. i'., 
78 

fulmine 8, 92 
fulserit 7, 140 
fulta 7, 182 
fultam 3, 193 
fultusque 3. 82 
fumabant 14, 171 
fumant 1, 156. 3, 199 
fumat 5, 116 



fumo 3, 249 
fumoque 6, 131 
fumosos 8, 8 
fumusque 1, 120 
functus 11, 88 
fundat 5, 142 
fundite 12, 37 
fundo 3, 108. 4, 141 
funem 12, 5. 14, 266 292 
fuuera 4, 109. 8, 192. 10, 

241. 13, 131 
funere 6, 565 
funesta 1, 113 
funestat 8, 18 
fungi 5, 146 

funus 1, 146. 3, 43. 10, 

259. 11, 44. 15, 138 
fur 2, 26. 3, 47 
furem 6, 17. 13, 23 
furentis 6, 511 
furere 6, 615 
furibus 8, 174 
Furiee 13, 51 
furiosus 3, 291 
furit 14, 63 
furnos 7, 4 

furor 1, 92. 2, 18. 8, 97. 

14, 136 284. 15, 36 100 
furtis 11, 144 
furtiva 12, 120 
furtivas 1, 10 
furva 12, 104 
fusa7, 169 
Fusci 12, 45 
fuscina 2, 1 43 
Fuscine 14, 1 
Fusco 16, 46 
Fuscus 4, 112 
fuso 11, 69 
fuste 9, 98 
fustes 6, 416 
fusum 2, 55 
futura 10, 353 
futuri 3, 72. 6, 556 

G. 

Gabiis 3, 192. 6, 56. 7, 4 
Gabiorumque 10, 100 
Gadibus 10, 1 
Gaditana 11, 162 
Gastula 10, 158 
Gaetuiaque 14, 278 
Gajtulice 8, 26 
Gaatulum 5, 59 
Ga3tulus5, 53. 11, 140 
Galba 5, 4. 8, 222 
Galbam 2, 104. 8, 5 
Galbana 2, 97 
galea 5, 154. 6, 108. 8, 
203 

3q 



galeae 6, 262. 11, 6 
galeam 2, 130. 8, 124. 14, 
261 

galeata 6, 252 
galeatum 1, 169. 8, 238 
galero 6, 120. 8, 208 
Galla 1, 125 126 
Galle 16, 1 
galli 9, 107. 13, 233 
Galli 8, 176. 9, 30 
Gallia 7, 16 148. 15, 111 
Gallicus 8, 116. 13, 157 
gallina 3, 91. 5, 124. 11, 
134 

gallinae 13, 141 
gallinam 12, 96 
gallinaria 3, 307 
Gallis 11, 113 
Gallita 12, 99 
Gallitaa 12, 113 
ganeo 11, 58 
Gangem 10, 2 
gannit 6, 64 

Ganymedem 5, 59. 9, 22 

yko 9, 37 

garrula 12, 82 

gaude 6, 597 

gaudeat 8, 13 

gaudebis 13, 247 

gaudebit 5, 143 

gaudent 9, 136. 10, 67. 

12, 81. 
gaudentis 8, 225 
gaudere 6, 232. 15, 84 
gauderet 11, 103 
gaudes 9, 84. 14, 270 
gaudet 6, 75 102 209 379 

420. 7, 105. 10, 292. 

13, 192. 14, 18 
gaudia 1, 86. 6, 189 365 

602. 8, 47. 9, 19. 10, 

51 204. 15, 41 
Gaurana 8, 86 
Gaurus 9, 57 
gelantur 6, 95 
gelida 3, 190 
gelidaque 5, 63 
gelidas 7, 206 
gelidasque 5, 77 
gelido 10, 217 
gelidos 3, 322 
gemat 6, 267 
gemeret 7, 71 
gemimus 3, 214. 15, 138 
geminis 6, 305 
geminos 11, 105 
geminum 5, 69 
gemit 2, 90 
gemitu 13, 130 
gemitus 6, 271. 8, 98. 13, 

11 



482 



VERBAL INDEX 



gemma 1, 68 
gemmaque 13, 138 
gemmae 1, 29 
gemmas 5, 41 43. 6, 458 
gemnvata 10, 27 
genas 10, 193 
gener 3, 160 
genere 2, 129. 8, 31 
generi 15, 132 
generis 8, 6. 13, 159 
generosa 8, 57 
generosae 14, 81 
generose 6, 124 
generosi 8, 224. 12, 40 
generosior 2, 145 
generosum 8, 30 
generosus 7, 191 
generum 10, 1 12 

genesi 6, 579 

genesis 14, 248 

genialis 4, 66. 10, 334 

genibus 6, 526 

genis 6, 131. 15, 58 

genitalia 6, 514 

geniti 14, 40 

genitrix 16, 6 

genitus 10, 129 

genium 6, 22 562 

gens 3, 58 86. 15, 98 

gente 6, 176. 8, 239. 12, 
104. 13,207 

gentem 8, 18 273 

gentes 15, 10 

gentibus 13, 171 

gentilia 3, 64 

gentis 3, 121. 8, 115. 10, 

332 
genua 10, 55 
genuinum 5, 69 
genuit 10, 236 
genus 6, 449 556. 7, 105 

155. 8, 131. 9, 27. 10, 

219. 12, 24. 15, 69 

171 

Geometres 3, 76 
Germani 13, 164 
Germanicus 6, 205 
gessisti 6, 614 
gesta 1 5, 28 
gestamen 2, 99 
gestare 13, 198 
gestetur 7, 179 
gestibus 6, 72 
gestis 14, 314 
gestu 5, 124 
Geticis 5, 50 
gibboque 10, 309 
gibbum 10, 294 
gibbus 6, 109 
gigantum 4, 98 
Gillo 1, 40 



gingiva 10, 200 
glacialem 2, 1 
glacie 5, 104. 6, 522 
glaciem 14, 186 
glacies 4, 42 
gladiator 2, 144. 6, 110 
gladii 10, 164 
gladiis 4, 96 

gladio 8,243. 10, 345. 13, 

25 

gladios 8, 195. 10, 123. 

15, 168 
gladiosque 10, 131. 14, 162 
gladium 10, 20 
gladiumque 8, 123 
glandem 6, 10 
glandis 13, 57 
Glaphyrus 6, 77 
glebamque 12, 85 
glebula 14, 166 
gloria 5, 111. 7, 81 twice 
118. 10, 143 159 187. 
13,98 
glutisse 4, 28 
yvZfo 1 1 , 27 
gobio 11, 37 
Gorgone 12, 4 
Gorgonei 3, 118 
Gracchi 2, 143 
Graccho 8,210 
Gracchorum 6, 168 
Gracchos 2, 24 
Gracchum 8, 201 
Gracchus 2, 117 
graciles 6, 466. 12, 87 
gradibus 3, 200 
Gradive 2, 128 
Gradivus 13, 113 
gradus 1 1, 46 
Graecam 3, 61 
Gra?ce 6, 187 191 193 
Graecia 10, 174. 14, 240 
Grajcis6, 16. 14, 89 
Grfecorum 3, 114 
Graecos 3,206 
Graecula 6, 186 
Grajculus 3, 78 
Graiceque 8, 226 
Graias 11, 100. 15, 110 
Graiusque 10, 138 
gramine 8, 60 
graminis 12, 40 
grammatici 6, 438 
grammaticus 3, 76. 7,216 
grande 4, 115. 6, 169 517 

636. 11, 123. 12, 127. 

13, 54. 14, 281 
grandes 14, 171 195. 16, 

14 

grandi 6, 79. 7, 110. 12, 
14 



grandia 6, 155 302 645. 9, 
51. 11, 70. 13, 147 

granine 5, 78 
grandis 7, 210. 10, 71 
grassator 3, 305 
grassatur 14, 174 
grata 3, 66 
grata? 14, 183 
gratam 11, 182 
gratia 8, 64. 13, 4 
gratoque 6, 384 
gratulor 15, 86 
gratum 3,4. 14, 70 
gratus 12, 70 

grave 7, 71. 10, 325. 14, 
248 

graves 3, 309. 11, 127 

gravi 6, 421 

gravior 6, 434. 16, 22 

graviora 6, 134. 15, 29 

graviore 13, 175 227 

graviorem 8, 209 

gravis 1, 25 163. 6, 99 

147 270 418 511. 9, 12. 

10,201 226. 11,41. 13, 

197 

gravitas 6, 178 
graviter 12, 23 
gravius 15, 119 
grege 6, 533 twice. 9, 143. 

10, 94. 11, 66. 12, 116. 

15, 143 
greges 6, 1 75 
gregibus 1, 46. 6, 161 
gremio 2, 120. 3, 176. 7, 

215 

gremium 5, 142. 14, 327 
grex 2, 79. 8, 108 
grue 13, 170 
grunnisse 15, 22 
gula 1, 140. 5, 94. 15, 90 
gula 5, 158. 11, 39. 14, 
10 

gulosum 11, 19 

gurgite 2, 150. 5, 100. 14, 

280 

gurgitibus 13, 70 
gurgitis 3, 266 
Gurgitis 6, 266 
gustat 15, 92 
gustaverit 14, 85 
gustus 11, 14 
gutta 1 1, 54 
gutto 3, 263. 11, 158 
guttur 6, 105. 13, 162 
gutture 1, 156 
gutturis 2, 114 
Gyarae 10, 170 
Gyaris 1, 73 
gymnasia 3, 115 
gypso 2, 4 



TO JUVENAL. 



483 



H. 

Habe3, 188. 5, 118 
habeant 8, 227 
habeas 5, 127. 14, 207. 16, 
24 

habeat 2, 39. 6, 448. 13, 34 
habebat 5, 151. 9, 3 
habebatur 5, 111 
habebis 11, 60 
habebit 6, 562 656 
habenas 14, 230 
habendos 15, 37 
habendum 11, 93. 13, 118. 

14, 254 
habent 6, 61. 13, 83 
habentem 5, 46 
habere 1, 129. 10, 90. 14, 

207 

haberi3,272.8,24. 10,92 

habes 8, 200. 9, 87. 10, 
365. 14,315 

habet 1, 40. 3, 122 144 
152 267. 4, 125. 5, 19. 
6, 152 181 197 240 268 
358. 7, 74 75 189. 8, 
141. 10,72 297 323. 11, 
68. 12, 95. 13, 194 210. 
14, 140. 15, 110 

habetur 8, 141. 11,1 

habitas 1, 144. 14, 268 

habitat 14, 92 

habitatas 15, 152 

habitatorem 14, 312 

habitu 14, 110 

habitum 2, 72. 9, 20 

habitus 2, 124. 6, 267. 8, 
202. 11, 149 

habitus 3, 180 

habitus accus. plural, 3, 177 

habuere 6, 13. 10, 278 

habuit 3, 208. 10, 140 294 

ha?dos 11, 153 

haedulus 11, 66 

Haemo 3, 99. 6, 198 

haeremus 6, 281 

haerens 3, 233 

haereret 7, 227 

haeres 3, 135 

haeret 2, 137. 3, 248. 11, 
54 

haeserat 4, 41 
haesuram 14, 2 
haesuri 10, 144 
halitus 10, 238 
Hamillus 10, 224 
hamis 14, 305 
Hammonis 6, 555 
Hannibal 6, 291. 7, 161 
Hannibalem 6, 170. 10 
147 



Hannibali 12, 108 
haruspex 6, 397 550 
haruspice 2, 121 
hasta 3,33. 11, 106 
hastamque 13, 82 
hastile 7, 127 
haud3, 164. 13, 200 &c. 
hausit 3, 85 
haustu 3, 227 
hebetes 8, 137 
hebeti 11, 140 
hecatomben 12, 101 
Hectore 10, 259 
hederis 7, 29 
Hedymeles 6, 383 
Heliadum 5, 38 
Heliodorus 6, 373 
Helvidiusque 5, 36 
Helvinara 3, 320 
Heracleas 1 , 52 
herba 3, 20 
herba 12, 12 
herbae 11, 66 

herbas 15, 99 
herboso 3, 173 
Hercule 5, 125 

Herculeo 8, 14. 14, 280 

Herculeos 13, 82 

Herculis 2, 20. 3, 89. 10, 
361. 13, 43 151. 14, 90 

heredem 6, 39 

heredes 10, 237. 12, 95 

heres 1, 41. 3, 161. 6, 218 
600. 9, 87. 14, 4 

heri 3, 23 

Herman 8, 53 

hernia 6, 326 

Hernicus 14, 180 

Hesperidum 14, 114 

hesternae 9, 44 

hesternum 14, 129 

heu 2, 159 

hiantia 15, 57 

hiat 10, 231 

hiatu 6, 636. 11, 123 

hiatum 3, 175 195 

hibernae 7, 221 

hibernum 6, 522 

hie 1, 160 &c. 

hie, adverb, 2, 167 &c. 

hilaremque 15, 41 

hilares 11, 176. 12,65. 13, 
52 

hinc 1, 65. 8, 195. 14, 13 
45 

Hippia 6, 82 104 114. 10, 

220 

Hippolyto 10, 325 
Hippomanes 6, 133 
Hirpini 8, 63 
Hirrus 10, 222 



hirsuto 2, 41. 5, 155 

hirundinis 10, 231 

hiscere 5, 127 

Hispania8, 116. 10, 151 

hispida 2, 11 

Hispo 2, 50 

Hispulla 6, 74 

HispuM 12, 11 

Hister 2, 58 

historia2. 103. 1, 175 

historiarum 7, 98 

historias 6, 450. 7, 231 

historico 7, 104 

histrio 7, 90 

Histrum 12, 111 

hoc 6, 224 657. 14, 153 &c. 

hodie 3, 23. 11, 56 150 

177 195. 13, 47 
Homericus 13, 113 
Homero 7, 38. 10, 246. 15, 

69 

Homerum 6, 437 
homicida 2, 26 
homine 15, 174 
hominem 3, 75. 10, 69 
homines 1, 85. 2, 167. 3, 

153. 5, 131. 6, 12 333 

596. 9, 32. 10, 346. 14, 

184. 15, 70 117 
homini 1, 134. 15, 165 
hominis 6, 47 221. 10, 271 
hominum 6, 342. 10, 48 

173. 13, 31 243. 14, 

276. 15, 103 
homo 5, 161. 6, 222 284. 

10, 350. 14, 112 
homuncio 5, 133 
honesta 6, 95 
honesti 3, 52 
honestis 3, 21. 6, 444 
honestius 5, 10 
honestos 6, 239 
honestum 4, 85 
honor 1, 117 
honore 11, 87 

honorem 5, 136. 6, 532. 
7, 88 

honores 8, 69. 10, 104 

honori 1, 110 

honoris 3, 178. 8, 150 

honorum 10, 57 

hora 6, 577 581. 11, 205. 

16, 4 
hora 7, 222. 10, 76 
horas 10, 216 
Horatius 7, 62 
hordea 8, 154 
horis 6, 183 
horreat 6, 183 
horrendaque 12, 15 
horrendus 6, 485 



484 



VERBAL INDEX 



horrenti 1 , 93 
horrere 3, 7 
horreres 2, 122 
horret 3, 265 

horrida 2, 57. 3, 212. 8, 

116. 9, 12. 10, 298. 14, 

242. 15,44 
horridior 6, 10 
liortatur 14, 121 
horti 3,228. 6,375. 13,123 
hortis 6, 488. 7, 79, 10, 

334. 14, 319. 15, 10 
horto 6,18. 11, 78. 14, 172 
hoitos 1, 75. 10, 16 
hortulus 3, 226 
hospes 3, 137. 11, 62 
hospite 14, 59 
hospitio 3, 211 
hospitis 8, 161 
hospitium 3, 166. 7, 70 
hostem 10, 86 
hosti 11, 107. 13, 169 
hostia 11, 85. 12, 5. 13, 

235. 15, 119 
hostibus 15, 100 
humana 14, 264 
humana 13, 222. 14, 98 
humans 14, 175 
humanas 10, 163 
humani 13, 159 
humanis 10, 137. 15, 13 
humano 15, 132 
humanum 6, 556 
humeris 10, 39 
humerol,27. 6,491. 10, 
227 

humeroque 8, 4 
humi 8, 78 

humida 2, 158. 11, 186 
humiles 6, 414. 8, 44 
humili 3, 39. 9, 48 
hurailis 6, 287. 11,67 169 
humor 10, 32 
humore 13, 133 
humum 15, 63 
Hyacinthos 6, 110 
hydri 7, 70 
hyemes 4, 92 
hyems 4, 58 
Hylas 1, 164 
Hymetto 13, 185 
hyperboreum 6, 470 

I. J. 

I 6, 306. 10, 166 310. 12, 

57 

jaceat 6, 580. 7, 79 
jacebat 4, 9 120. 14, 167 
jacebit 1, 136. 10, 206 
jacens 6, 36 126 



jacentem 8, 173. 15, 43 
jacet 6, 269 279 439 594. 

10, 86 205. 15, 6 
jactabo 12, 90 
jactare 3, 106. 8, 6. 13, 22 
jactaret 1, 62. 4, 118 
jactat 6, 236 
jactata 14, 265 
jactalur 12, 52 
jactctur 8, 208 
jactu 12, 33 

jactura 3, 125. 6, 91. 13, 
177 

jactura; 13, 8 

jacuit 2, 120. 6, 476. 10, 

288. 12, 62 
jacula 8, 124 
jaculator 7, 193 
jaculetur 1,11 
jaculum 5, 155 
jam 1, 5. 3, 198. 11, 204 

&c. 

jamjam 6, 628 

jamque 3, 206. 6, 26 377 

385 488. 8, 97 
jamdudum 3, 317 
jamne 10, 28 

jampridem 3, 62. 6, 515. 

10, 77 
Jane 6, 394 

janua 3, 4. 6, 79 215. 7, 
42. 12, 91. 13, 129 146 
Janum 6, 386 
Iarbas 5, 45 
Iason 6, 153 
iaspis5,42 
ibat 4, 104. 11, 88 
Iberina? 6, 53 
ibi 6, 324. 11, 174 &c. 
ibidem 5, 40 
Ibin 15, 3 

ibit 3, 78. 6, 527 576 
Ictericae 6, 565 
ictum 12, 17 

ictus 4, 121. 5, 125.6, 126 

261 
Idrci 3, 138 
Idffiis 13, 41 
Idfcum 11, 192 
idcirco 9, 123 
idem 6, 217. 10, 331 &c. 
ideo 3, 47. 7, 143 144. 8, 

251. 11, 135. 13, 89. 

15, 143 
idoneus 14, 71 
Idumajae 8, 160 
jecur 1, 45. 5, 114. 6,648. 

7, 117. 13, 117 
jejuna 5, 10. 10, 232 
jejunum 15, 51 
ignava 14, 106 



ignavum 7, 105 
ignavus 3, 272 
igne 15. 140 

ignem 3, 214 253. 4, 61. 

14, 244. 15, 84 
ignemque 6, 3 
ignes 6,624. 10,61. 13,146 
igni 14, 285 
igniculum 3, 102 
ignis 1, 134. 12,19. 13,226 
ignobilis 4, 104. 8, 237 
ignominiam 8, 209 
ignorasse 10, 103 
ignorat 6, 569 
ignoret 1 1, 26 
ignoro 3, 43 
ignoscas 8, 189 
ignoscat 1, 154 
ignoscentibus 3, 146 
ignoscere 13, 103. 15, 105 
ignoscit 6, 435 
ignoscitis 8, 181 
ignotaque 14, 187 
ignotosque 6, 454 
ignotum 6, 637 
iisdem 7, 153, 10, 175. II, 

73. 15, 157 
Uiacus 13, 43 
Iliados 11, 178 
Iliadum 10, 261 
ilibus 5, 136 
ille 4, 73 &c. 
illinc 1, 159 &c. 
illuc2, 159 &c. 
illud 6, 194 203. 8,275&c. 
illustresque 4, 152 
Illyricumque 8, 117 
ima 8, 47 

imagine7, 29. 8, 18. 11, 18 
imago 8, 55. 13, 221 
imbelle 15, 126 
imbelles 6, 366. 8, 113 
imber 13,67 
imbuit 14, 124 
imbutus 11, 144 
imis 3, 200 
imitandis 14, 40 
imitantur 14, 107 
imitata 10, 299 
imitata est 6, 341 
imitatur 7, 42 
imitatus 12, 34 
immane 10, 107 
immanem 14, 162 
immanes 15, 18 125 
immania 15, 104 
immemor 6, 85 
immensa 7,111 
immensae 11, 194 
immeritis 10, 60 
imminuit 14, 92 



TO JUVENAL. 



485 



immo 10,324. 13,108.16,9 
iinmolat 15, 118 
immortale 15, 34 
impacta 10, 59 
impar 3, 161. 13, 169 
impatiens 6, 327. 7, 58 
impatiensque 6, 238 
impellat3, 128 
impendat 12, 96 
impendere 4, 91 
irapensa 12, 97 
impensee 5, 156. 7, 138 
impensas 3, 216 
iraperat 6,- 64 224 
impcret 8, 81 
imperfectus 3, 233 
imperii 4, 137. 8, 265. 11, 
105 

imperiis 10, 151. 11, 87. 

14, 331 

imperio 6, 135. 10, 343. 

15, 138 

imperium 10, 79. 13, 50 
impetus 15, 62 
implent 6, 310 
implere 1, 63 
impleret 6, 601 
impleri 5, 75 

implet 2, 96. 6, 249 546. 
7, 161. 9, 56. 14, 30 
288 

irapletur 7, 24 
implevgre 14, 215 
impleverit 2, 58 
implevero 9, 90 
implevi 14, 327 
implevitque 4, 41 
imponere 4, 103 
imponet 12, 118 
imponit 6, 444 
imponite 7, 229. 12, 84 
impositas 3, 252 
imposito 6, 334 
impressit 6, 422 
imprime 9, 134 
improba 6, 86 605. 13, 3 
improbior 4, 106 
improbitas 10, 305. 13, 53 
improbulum 5, 73 
improbus 3, 282. 9, 63. 

16, 37 
improvidus 3, 273 
impulit 12, 19. 15, 120 
impulsai 10, 107 
impulsu 10, 351 
impune 1, 3 4. 4, 152 
impunitum 13, 200 
imputat 5, 14 15 
imputet 6, 179 
imputo^2, 17 

in 1, 6 38 104 107 111 



143. 2, 28 48 57 68 79 
twice 107 133 136139. 3, 

17 22 30 62 78 162 280. 
4, 6. 5, 44 142 153. 6, 
2 65 twice 107 108 151 
&c. 7, 1 7 8 241. 8, 3 
14 111 140 200. 9, 13 

18 42. 10, 1 18 27 50 
160. 11, 11 21 22 40 80. 
12, 12 61 110. 13, 18 
86 193. 14, 42 82 130 
318. 15, 10 16 50 130. 
16, 11 53 69 

inque 6, 183 245 311 

inaequales 5, 38 

inani 1, 47. 5, 7 

inanis 9, 57 

inaurati 13, 151 

incedet 12, 126 

incendente 6, 648 

incenderit 3, 222 

incendi 6, 325 

incendia 3, 7 197. 13, 145 

incerare 10, 55 

incerta 15, 137 

incertae 12, 32 

incertaeque 8, 81 

incessuque 2, 17 

incestae 6, 158 

incestus 4, 9 

inchoet 16, 42 

incidat 10, 314 

ineidere 8, 69 

incidit 4, 39 

incipe 4, 34 

inciperet 10, 262 

incipias 6, 615 

incipiat 11, 163 

incipientem 7, 195 

incipis 8, 11 

incipit 6, 348 468. 8, 138. 

9, 52. 10, 115 
incipiunt 13, 238. 15, 52 

64 

incitat 6, 315 
inclinare 9, 26 
inclinat 3, 316 
inclinatis 15, 63 
inclinet 10, 224 
includere 14, 133 
inclusa 12, 75 
inclusus 12, 123 
inoognita 9, 34 
incola 8, 160 
incolumen 12, 16 
incolumi 10, 258 
incommoda 1.3, 21 
incrementa 14, 259 
incubuit 6, 293 
incude 3, 309. 10, 132. 14, 
118. 15,165 



incultus 1 1 , 146 
imcumbere 8, 76. 14, 122. 
15, 128 

incurrite 6, 331 
incutimus 9, 5 
incutit 3, 246 

inde 1, 65 168. 3, 37 113 
236 301 308. 4, 51 122. 
5, 168. 6, 62 139 225 
312 436 524 560 603 
612 613. 7, 103 123 
220. 8,105adcell9195. 
9, 20 28. 10, 140. 11, 
47. 12, 87. 14, 12 45 
83 148 173 282. 15, 36 
48 

indemnatus 6, 562 

Indi 6, 337 466 

lndica 15, 163 

indiciis 10, 70 

indigenae 13, 38 

indignatio 1, 79. 5, 120 

indignatur 5, 64 

indigno 4, 95 

indignum 7, 17 

indignus 8, 31 

indocti 2, 4. 3, 87. 8, 49. 

13, 181 
indomiti 14, 176 
indomitus 2, 77 
inducitur 6, 470 
indulge 8, 167 
indulgebitis 9, 48 
indulgent 14,234 
indulgentia 7, 21 
indulgere 6, 283 
indulget2, 140. 6, 160 384 
indulsisse 2, 165 
indulsit 2, 168. 6, 86. 13, 

217. 14, 330. 15, 148 

174 

Indus 6, 585. 11, 125 
industrius 8, 52 
indutus 2, 97 
inebriet 9, 113 
inermi 4, 80. 10, 200 
infami 8, 273 
infamia 1, 48 
infamis 2, 22 

infans 3, 176. 5, 145. 6. 
81. 9, 60. 14, 49. 15, 
139 

infante 13, 163 

infantes 14, 168 

infantia 3, 84. 10, 199 

infantibus 6, 9 606 

infecit 12, 41 

infelicibus 13, 142 

infelix 3, 152 209 253 267. 

6, 491 597. 7, 74. 10, 

169. 14, 295 



486 



VERBAL INDEX 



infernis 8, 257. 13, 52 

infestaque 15, 120 

infestis 15, 74 

infesto 13, 231 

inficietur 13, 60 

infirmi 13, 190 

inflatum 8, 72 

inflexu 3, 237 

infra 3, 97 204 

infremuit 1, 166 

infudit 6, 617 

infundet8, 154 

ingenii 10, 119 

ingenio 7, 63 96. 10, 120 

ingenium 1, 151. 3, 73. 4, 

83. 10, 300. 13, 185. 

15, 144 
ingens 1, 4. 2, 119 137. 4, 

124. 6, 108 512 549 

651. 7, 102 140. 8, 100. 

10, 62. 11, 139 
ingenti 3, 240. 15, 156 
ingentia 3, 251 
ingentibus 2, 96 
ingenue 2, 16 
ingenui 11, 154 
ingenuique 11, 154 
ingenuorum 3, 131 
ingenuum 3, 20 
ingerit 6, 609 
ingrataj 14, 165 
ingrate 9, 82 
ingrato 10, 270 
ingratos 11, 190 
ingratusque 7, 169 
ingredietur 7, 172 
ingressus 10, 20 
inguen 6, 196. 12, 36 
inguina 6, 370. 9, 4. 11, 

158. 14, 300 
inguine 3, 109. 9, 136 
inguinibus 10, 322 
inguinis 1, 41. 6, 301. 10, 

207 
inimica 16, 20 
inimicorum 15, 40 
inimicus 9, 95 
iniquas 1, 30 
iniquas 5, 3 
iniquo 14, 126 
injuria 5, 9. 8, 121. 14, 

151. 16, 22 
innoxia 13, 156 
innuat 6, 139 
inopem 7, 205 
inopi 12, 67 
inops 7, 61 
inopum 8, 89 
in primis 8, 121 
inquisitores 4, 49 
inquit 1, 102 125. 3, 21 



153.4,125.5,118. 6,281 
416. 7, 242. 8, 44. 10. 
155 291. 13, 84. 14, 153 

insanabile 7, 51 

insania 2, 71 

insanum 6, 620 

insatiabile 14, 125 

inscius 1 1 , 66 

inscripta 14, 24 

inscriptaque 8, 168 

insignia 8, 227 

insignis 8, 32. 10, 57 

insistere 6, 96. 9, 144 

inspecta 6, 579 

inspexi 3, 45 

inspicit 1, 97 

instabile 9, 79 

instant 15, 75 

instantem 6, 407. 14, 210 

instantis 14, 63 

instat 6, 520 

instaurare 8, 158. 15, 74 

institor 7, 221 

instituas 14, 74 

instituitque 1, 71 

instruit 5, 97 

insulsam 6, 658 

intacta 6, 336 

intactam 7, 87 

intactior 6, 163 

intactoque 5, 169 

intactum 14, 194 

integer8,80. 10,288. 15,56 

intellecta 9, 129 

intelligat 4, 101. 6, 451 

intelligit 12, 36 

intendunt 8, 150 

inter 1, 112 129. 2, 10 47. 
3, 157 191 264. 5,28. 
6, 101 323. 7, 186. 8, 
133 175 217. 10, 260 
358. 11, 93. 13, 119 
186. 14,203. 15,33 164 

interque 13, 212 

intercepta 13, 71 

interdum 3, 181 305. 6, 
552. 10,52 315. 13, 182 

interea 1, 135. 2, 137. 3, 
261. 5, 120. 6, 149 237 
424 461 508. 8, 155. 
10, 342. 11, 14 191. 14, 
138. 15, 44 

intererit 14, 73 

interiora 12, 80 

interius 11, 15 

internuntia 6, 545 

interpres 4, 79. 6, 544 

interrogo 10, 72 

intervenit 6, 194 

intestata 1, 144 

intestatus 3, 274 



intestina 7, 78 

intestino 6, 429 

intolerable 6, 413 

intolerabilius 6, 460 

intonet 6, 485 

intra 8. 240. 9, 11 43 55 

94. 13, 209. 14, 45 
intrantes 6, 125 
intranti 4, 62 

intrat 2, 88. 6. 374 512. 

10, 317. 12, 75 
intraverit 19, 171 
intravit 6, 121 
intrepidi 13, 89 
introitum 11, 10 
intulerit 6, 340 
intulit 6, 299 
intus 3, 241 
invadunt 2, 20 
invalidi 3, 83 

invenies 2, 5. 6, 208. 8, 48 
173. 10, 148. 15, 129 

inveniet 8, 232 

invenit 3, 260. 9, 8. 10, 
47. 13, 29 197. 15, 
44. 

inventas 14, 75 
inventis 13, 66 
invento 8, 30 
inventrix 15, 117 
inversis 14, 187 
inverse- 3, 108 
invideas 7, 93. 11, 110 
invidet 10, 228 
invidia 15, 95 
invidiam 10, 57 
invidiam 15, 123 
invidiosa 13, 179 
invisi 13, 248 
invita 6, 212 
invitatus 14, 134 
inviti 14, 108 
involvitque 6, 607 
inutile 15, 126 
Io 6, 526 
jocari 3, 40 
joco 9, 10 
jocorum 3, 147 
Ionium 6, 93 
Jove 6, 15 twice. 14, 206 
Jovem 12, 89 
Jovi 12, 6 

Jovis 8, 156. 10, 38 268. 

14, 81 271 
lpbigenia 12, 119 
ipsa 3, 95 173. 6, 209 253 

281 401 490. 10, 294. 

11, 133. 13, 29. 14, 139 
ipsa 10, 76. 12, 11. 13, 

180. 14,295 
ipsa* 6, 244 



TO JUVENAL. 



487 



ipsam 6, 173 333 568. 10, 
141. 13, 151 

ipsas 8, 23. 10, 59 
ipse 1, 62 105 127 136. 2, 
18. 3, 110 222. 4, 69. 

5, 30 37 86 104 142. 6, 
552. 8, 41 75 147 148. 

10, 52 230 251 363. 11, 
62 75 160. 12, 35. 13, 
56. 14, 127 244. 15, 38 
45 

ipsi 1, 100. 5, 107. 6, 519. 

8, 110 188. 13, 1. 14, 3 

234. 15, 59 
ipsis 2, 31. 3, 146. 5, 135. 

6, 523. 10, 7 146 347. 

11, 71 202. 15, 100 
ipsius 6, 530. 7, 239. 8, 

262. 10, 285. 16, 58 
ipso 1, 33. 14, 206 
ipsorum 8, 138. 13, 105 

138 

ipsos 1, 100. 6, 347. 9,26. 

10, 305 
ipsum 2, 147. 4, 28. 5, 6 

56. 10, 182. 11, 9. 12, 

40. 14, 167 
ipsumque 6, 175. 8, 133 
ira 1, 85. 6, 647. 13,100 

176. 15, 131 
irS 1, 45. 14, 50 
irae 1, 168. 8, 88. 13, 183. 

15, 169 
iram 6, 189 235 
irasci 10, 360 
irati 3, 299 
iratis 1, 50 146 
irato 13, 92 

iratus 10, 313. 13, 226 
ire 3, 25 128. 8, 130. 9, 

21. 14, 122 
iret 12, 14 
irritameatum 11, 165 
Isaeo 3, 74 
Tsiacae 6, 489 
Iside 12, 28 
Isidis 6, 529. 9, 22 
Isis 13, 93 
isse 6, 409 

ista2, 75 136. 6, 191. 9, 

74. 11, 166 
istas 1, 139 

iste 4, 67. 6, 409. 7, 36 

istic 3, 29 

istis 14, 179 

istos 6, 295 

Istro 8, 170 

it 1, 145 

ita 2, 38. 5, 59. 6, 222. 

13, 91 
Italia; 3, 171 



Italiam 10, 154. 12, 78 
ite 2, 89. 3, 66. 12, 83 
iter 7, 172. 10, 20 
iterura 3, 134. 4, 1. 7, 95. 
12, 25 

Ithacum 10, 257. 14, 287 

Ithacus 15, 26 

itur 1, 89. 4, 65 

jubeant 9, 144 

jubeat 3, 129. 6, 98 275 

jubebit 5, 143 159 

jubentur 4, 144. 8, 65. 14, 

108 
jubeo 6, 223 
juberet 2, 101. 15, 150 
jubet 1, 99. 2, 7. 3, 196 

284 290. 6,330 417 420 

517. 7, 102. 14, 31 212 

306. 15, 134 
jubetur 6, 340. 7, 41 
jubis 6, 40 
jucunda 4, 81 
jucundam 7, 82 
jucundis 10, 349 
jucundius 13, 180 
jucundum 5, 140 
Judeea 6, 543 
Judaei 6, 547 
Judaeis 3, 14 
Judaicum 14, 101 
judex 16, 13 29 
judice 4, 12. 7, 13 117. 8, 

188. 13, 3 
judicet 13, 226 
judicio 1, 48 
judicis 2, 75 
juga 3, 191. 8, 108 
jugera 3, 142. 4, 7. 14, 
163 

jugeribus 2, 132. 9, 60 

jugis 6, 649 

jugo 8, 63 

jujulare 15, 12 

jugulata 12, 127 

jugulo 8, 218 

jugulos 4, 110 

jugum 6, 208. 9, 57. 10, 

135. 13, 22 
Iuli 8, 42 

Julia 2, 32 37. 6, 38 
Julius 2, 70 
Iulo 12, 70 

jumenta 3, 316. 4, 5. 7, 

180. 9, 103. 14, 147 
jumentis 8, 154 
juraento 14, 77 
juncta 6, 448 
junctaque 2, 46 
junctamque 6, 200 
junge 9, 105 
jungitur 6, 41 



junguntur 9, 89 
Jumo 15, 27 
Juno 6, 619. 13, 40 
Junonem 2, 98 
Junoni 6, 48 
Junouis 7, 32 

Jupiter 5, 79. 6, 59. 10, 
188. 11, 116. 13, 41 
114 

jura 2, 43 51 72. 9, 87. 

15, 135 
jurante 2, 98 
jurare 6, 16 
jurat 8, 156. 13, 78 
jurato 5, 5 

jure 2, 34. 11, 23. 13, 201 

202. 14, 8 
jures 3, 144 

jurgia 5, 26. 6, 268. 15, 
51 

juris 2, 139. 6, 217. 8, 50 

jurisque 1, 128 

jus 1, 56. 10, 87 101. 14, 

101. 16,51 
jussa est 3, 15 
jussa; 11, 104 
jussas 3, 65 
jusseris 3, 78 
jusserit 6, 626 
jussit 6, 37 622. 10, 275 
jussos 6, 371 
jussuque 10, 15 
jussus 5, 12. 8, 210. 14, 

331 

justa 6, 94. 9, 90 
just® 16, 19 
justi 10, 274 
justis 8, 267 
justissima 16, 17 
justitia 4, 81 
justitioeque 8, 25 
justo 8, 92 
juvabit 3, 211 
juvant 11, 16 
juvat 14, 4 
juvencam 6, 48 
juvencum 8, 155 
juveue 4, 95 

juvenem 6, 330. 8, 71. 14, 

191 251 
juvenes 2, 50. 3, 158 twice. 

7, 20 132. 8, 164 262. 

11, 199. 14, 34 107 121 

283 

juvenesque 3, 158 

juveni 1, 25. 7, 160. 10, 

168 226. 14, 23 235 
juvenilia 11, 5 
juvenis 5, 45. 8,51. 10, 

310. 13, 55. 14, 7 
juventa 6, 103 369 



488 



VERBAL INDEX 



juventus 2, 155. 7, 213. 8, 
114 

juvenum 10, 196 
Juvernae 2, 160 
juxta 11, 201 

L. 

Labe 14, 69 
labellis 5, 128. 6, 276 
labello 3, 185. 9, 35 
labellum 1, 160. 14, 325 
labem 2, 78 
labente 6, 203 
labentibus 3, 194 
labitur 15, 77 

labor 6, 289. 7, 98 216. 8, 

104. 14, 224. 16, 56 
laboranti 6, 443 
laborat 8, 239 
labore 16, 52 
laborcm 7, 17 

labores 6, 593. 9, 42. 10, 

359 361. 14, 198 
labori 16, 57 
laboris 10, 139. 14, 164 
labor um 3, 22 
labra 3, 294. 6, 463 623. 

10, 67 229. 13, 114 
Labulla 2, 68 
labyrinthi 1, 53 
Lacedajmonium 11, 173 
lacerabant 15, 102 
laceraret 4, 37 
lacerat 6, 625 
laceratis 6, 490 
lacerna 3, 148 
lacerna 10, 212 
Lacerna: 7, 1 14 
lacernas 1,27. 9,20.16,45 
lacernatae 1, 62 
lacernis 14, 287 
lacerta 14, 75 
lacertae 3, 231 
lacerti 14, 131 
lacertis 10, 11. 15, 63 
lacerto 6, 106 
lacessit 6, 248 
Lachesi 3, 27 
Lachesis 9, 136 
lacrumae 1, 168. 6, 539. 

16, 27 

lacrumas 3, 101. 5, 159. 

10, 52 261. 15, 133 
lacrumis 6,273. 13, 134 
lacte 6, 468 
lactis 11, 68. 13,70 
lacunar 1, 56 
lacus 4, 60. 6, 603 
Ladas 13, 97 
laedant 3, 272 



Ladius 14, 195 
la«na 3, 283 
henS 5, 131 
lasnam 7, 73 
Lajstrigonas 15, 18 
lata 6, 570. 12, 13 
laetam 7, 83 
laetare 10, 310 
laeti 16, 60 
laetis 10, 98. 12, 73 
labium 13, 123. 15, 41 
laetus 13, 248. 14, 23 
laRva 7, 159. 14, 297 
laevaque 6, 561 
laevfique 6, 658 
lavo 14, 228 
laevum 4, 120. 6, 495 
lagenA 5, 29. 8, 163 
lagenee 7, 121. 12, 60 
lagenas 14, 271 
Lagi 6, 83 
lambenti 9, 5 
lambentibus 8, 35 
lambit 2, 49 

Lamiarum 4, 154. 6, 385 

lampade 6, 138 

lampas 3. 285 

lana 5, 25 

lanam 2, 54. 7, 224 

lanatas 8, 155 

lanatis 15, 1 1 

lance 6, 204 

lancem 5, 80 

lances 12, 43 

lancibus 11,18 

languentis 1 1, 165 

languida 1, 122 

languorem 3, 233 

lanificae 12, 66 

lanis 6, 497 

lanistac 3, 158. 11, 8 

lanistis 6, 216 

lanugo 13, 59 

Laomedontiades 6, 326 

lapidem 6, 577. 15, 65 

lapides 13, 67 

Lappa 7, 72 

lapsum 15, 156 

lapsus 3, 7 

laqueo 7, 50 

laqueos 10, 314 

laqueum 10, 53. 13, 244 

lardum 1 1 , 84 

lare 8, 14 

laremque 6, 3 

lares 8, 110. 9, 137. 12, 

113 
larga 10, 302 
Larga? 14, 25 
largiri 5, 110 
largitur 7, 88 



largus 10, 119 
laribus 13, 233. 15, 153 
laribusque 12, 89 
laris 3, 110. 14, 20 
lascivi 11, 98 
lascivum 6, 194 
lassare 2, 92 
lassata 6, 130 421 
lassi 15, 167 
lassique 1, 132 
lassis 6, 484. 8, 154 
lasso 7, 117. 8. 137 
lassoque 14, 146 
lassos 9, 55 
lassus 8, 246 
lata 6, 430. 9, 65 
lata 14, 308 
late 14, 245 
latentis 9, 18 
lateque 6, 92 
Lateranorum 10, 17 
latere 11, 96 
lateri 6, 37 

lateris 6, 505. 13, 229 
laternam 5, 88 
latet 6, 237 
Lattis 2, 127. 11, 115 
Latina 1, 171. 8, 256 
Latinac 5, 55 
Latinas 6, 287 
Latine 6, 188. 11, 148 
Latini 6, 44 
Latino 1, 36. 6, 637 
Latio 12, 103 
latis 1, 137. 4, 21 
latissima 12, 59 
latius 14, 234 
lato 10, 27 
Latona 10, 292 
Latonae 6, 176 
latos 11, 122 
latratibus 6, 415 
latravit 10, 272 
latrone 10, 22 
latronem 13, 145 
latum 1, 157. 6, 482 
laturos 6, 605 

latus 3, 131. 6, 650. 7, 
109. 8, 117. 11, 142. 
12, 31. 14, 289 

lavantur 2, 152 

lavari 6, 447. 7, 130 

lavat 3, 262 

lavatur 5, 90 

laudabat 4, 121 

laudabile 11, 22 

laudamus 8, 58 

laudant 14, 182 

laudare 3, 42 92 106. 7,31 

laudas 10, 28 

laudat 3, 86. 6, 435. 13, 32 



TO JUVENAL. 



48!) 



laudatur 1, 74. 4, 71. 5, 

42. 14, 111 
laude 8, 74 
laudent 11, 58 
laudet 14, 154 
laudibus 6, 182 
laudis 8, 76. 10, 143 
laudo 3, 2. 4, 18. 12, 121 
lavet 14, 62 
Lavino 12, 71 
Laurenti 1, 107 
Lauveolun) 8, 187 
lauro 6, 79. 8, 253 
Lauronia 2, 36 65 
lauros 10, 65 
laurumque 7, 19 
laurus 2, 158 
lauti 14, 257 

lautissima 7, 175. 11, 140 

lautissimus 3, 221 

lauto 14, 13 

lautorum 7, 177 

lautum 1, 67 

lautus 11, 1 

laxabant 8, 261 

laxare 4, 67 

laxet 6, 144 

lecti 6, 226. 9, 78 

lectica 1, 32 121. 3, 242. 

10, 35 
lecticas 6, 309 
lectis 11, 96. 13, 136 
lecto 2, 60. 5, 17. 6, 594. 

7, 105 
lectore 1, 13 
lectulus 9, 77 
lectum 6, 21 
lecture 6, 277 
lectus 3, 203. 6, 268. 8, 

177 
Ledam 6, 63 
legantur 11, 180 
legat 7, 231 

legatum 8, 172. 9, 62 88 
lege 6, 453 
legemque 6, 635 
legenti 7, 104 
legerat7, 152. 11, 78 
leges, noun, 2, 30 43 72. 

7, 229. 8, 91. 11, 8. 14, 

100 193 
leget 3, 241 
legi 3, 155 

legibus 10, 251. 16, 15 
legio 2, 155 
legione 3, 132 
legiones 10, 79. 14, 241 
legionibus 8, 255 
legit 11, 69. 13, 121 
legitime 10, 338. 12, 100 
legitirais 6, 200 



legitimum 9, 44 

legum 4, 79. 6, 544. 8, 50 

268. 14, 177 
legumen 15, 174 
lena± 6, 489 
Lenas 5, 98 
leno 1, 55 
lenone 6, 127 
lenonibus 6, 216 
lenonum 3, 156. 6, 320. 

14, 46 
lenta 13, 100 
lentaque 16, 47 
lento 6, 565 
Lenlule 6, 80 

Lentulus7, 95. 8, 187, 10, 

287 
lentus 8, 248 

leo 8, 36. 14, 247. 15, 161 

leonem 7, 76 

leoni 15, 160 

Lepidi 6, 265 

Lepidis 8, 9 

leporem 5, 167. 14, 81 

lepores 5, 124 

lepus 11, 138 

letale 15, 165 

letifero 4, 56 

leto 10, 119 

levant 12, 53 

levarit 14, 83 

Leucade 8, 241 

leve 7, 240 

leve 10, 199 

levet 14, 236 

levi 2, 12 

levia 8, 115 

levibus 13, 182 

levibus 6, 356. 8, 35 

leviori 7, 77 

levioribus 4, 11 

levis 6, 507 

levis 3, 111. 9, 95 

levium 13, 13 

lgvius 2, 56 

leviusque 10, 344 

lex 2, 37. 6, 38. 7, 102. 

10, 315. 14, 324 
libeat 1, 19. 10, 162 
libelli 1, 86. 7, 107 
libellis 13, 19 62 
libello 14, 193 
libellos 3, 206. 6, 244. 7, 

26 

libentius 15, 88 
liber, adject. 5, 161. 9, 121 
libera 4, 90. 8, 211 244 
liberet 1, 152 

libertas 2, 112. 3, 299. 6, 

140 217. 8, 177 
libertate 7, 116. 8, 263 
3 R 



libertatem 14, 230 
libertatemque 14, 56 
libertatisque 2, 77 
libertinus 1, 102 
liberto 2, 59 
libertorumque 5, 28 
libertos 7, 43 
libertus 6, 1 46 
libet 1, 63. 2, 1. 7, 113. 8, 

29.12,95.14,142.15,84 
libidine 4, 3. 6, 135 318. 

7, 85 

libidinis 6, 294. 11, 172 
libido 2, 14.6,349. 8, 135. 

10, 208. 
libis 3, 187 
Libitinam 12, 122 
libitum 3, 159 
libo 16, 39 
libraria 6, 476 
librarius 9, 109 
libras 10, 147 
librata 8, 204 
libri 1, 5 

libris 4, 16. 6, 451. 9, 84 

libro 6, 263 578. 8, 134 

libros 3, 219 

librum 3, 41 

libuit 5, 16 

Liburno 3, 240. 4, 75 

Liburnus 6, 477 

Libya 11, 25 

Libye 5, 1 19 

liceat 2, 135. 3, 301. 6, 

456. 8, 235 
licebit 11, 182 
liceret 4, 85 

licet, verb, 1, 162. 3, 92. 
4, 34. 7, 124 146. 8, 
131. 10, 304. 11, 194 
205. 15, 13 

licet, conjunction, 1, 105. 2, 
147.3, 144.5,141.6,140 
209 283 580.8, 19 81 85 
122. 10, 19 211 298. 
13, 56. 14, 12 263 287 

Licinis 1, 109 

Licinus 14, 306 

lictore 8, 137 

lictorem 3, 128 

ligni 13, 137. 16, 41 

ligno 12, 58 

lignorum 7, 24 

lignum 11, 118 

ligonem 11, 89 

ligonis 7, 33 

ligulas 5, 20 

Ligustica 3, 257 

limen 1, 100. 2, 88. 6, 47 

11, 188 

limina 6, 52. 14, 44 220 



490 



VERBAL INDEX 



limine 1, 96. 3, 124. 6, 

228. 10, 29. 15, 154 
limite 10, 169. 16, 38 
lina 5, 102 
lingua 9, 120 
lingua? 7, 149 
linguam 3, 63. 9, 123 
linguas 9, 1 19 
Unguis 12, 83 
linigero 6, 533 
linique 4, 45 
linit 6, 481. 9, 58 
linquebat 6, 1 19 
linquere 15, 152 
linquit 6, 227 

lintea 3,263. 8,168.14, 22 
linum 3, 151 
Liparzea 13, 45 
lippus 10, 130 
litem 6, 242 
litera 13, 138 

lites 6, 268. 7, 163. 16, 42 
litigat 6. 35. 7, 141 
litiget 16, 16 
liiis 16, 50 
litora2, 160. 4, 47 
litore 11, 113. 14, 87 270 
lituis 14, 200 
litus 3, 4. 4, 143. 7, 49 
livida 6, 631 
lividulus 11, 110 
livorem 2, 81 
livoribus 16, 11 
locamus 10, 366 
locantur 3, 13 
locasti 8, 185 
locata 9, 143 
loco 3, 230. 5, 12. 7, 210 
locos 6, 245 

loculis 1, 89. 10, 46. 11, 

38. 13, 139 
locum 1, 103. 6, 542 
locuples 6, 141. 12, 99. 14, 

137 

locupletem 13, 96. 14, 197 
locus 3, 22 119. 7, 63. 10, 

110. 15, 37 
Locusta 1,71 
locuti 2, 20 
locuturi 4, 88 
lodice 6, 195. 7, 66 
longa 2, 84. 3, 254. 6, 78 

221. 8, 47. 10, 57 190 

204 223 265. 14, 158 

251 

longa 6, 623. 13, 68 207 
longaque 9, 52 
longce 5, 103. 6, 292. 10, 

275. 15,96 
longe 6, 69 210 374. 7, 41. 

8, 272. 14, 279 



longeque 8, 272. 12, 77. 
14, 89 

longi 3, 124. 6, 483. 9, 34. 

10,44. 14,217 
Longinum 10, 16 
longior 2, 167 
longis 6, 310. 7, 182 
longissima 1, 133 
longissimus 3, 284 
longo 4, 44. 5, 80. 6, 561. 

7, 132. 8, 1 208. 9, 16. 
10, 255. 11, 152. 16, 50 

longorum 6, 351 
longos 2, 124. 12, 91. 14, 
198 

longum 3, 88. 6, 65 589. 

8, 228. 15, 82 
longus 6, 431 
loquaci 5, 142 
loquantur 6, 531 
loquar 6, 133 
loquatur 6, 439 
loquendi 2, 111. 6, 453 
loquentem 16, 33 
loquentur 9, 103 

loqui 3, 96. 6, 401 
loquitur 15, 1 12 
loquor 14, 1 15 
loquuntur 4, 17 
lora 1, 61 
lorica 10, 134 
loricam 11, 30 
loripedem 2, 23. 10, 308 
loris 6, 414 
loro 2, 125. 5, 165 
lota 6, 464 
loto 6, 429 
lubricat 11, 173 

Lucanos 8, 180 

Lucanus 7, 79 

luce 6, 312. 8, 151. 11, 
184. 15, 43 

lucebis 1, 155 

lucerua 1,51 

lucerna? 6, 131. 8, 35 

lucernas 7, 225. 10,339 

lucernis 6, 305. 12, 92 

luciferi 8, 12 

lucifero 13, 158 

Lucilius 1, 165 

lucis 13, 88 

Lucretia 10, 293 

lucri 14, 204 278 

Lucrinum 4, 141 

lucro 6, 571 

lucrum 13, 24 

luctantur 2, 53 

luctibus 10, 244 

luctum 14, 157 

lucus 1, 7 

ludant 7, 239 



ludebant 11, 98. 14, 168 

ludere 15, 59 

ludi 11,20. 14,264 

Ludia 6, 104 

ludia 6, 266 

ludis 8, 194 

ludit 14, 4 

luditur 1, 90. 8, 10 

Ludium 6, 82 

ludos6, 87 352. 11, 177 

ludum 6, 324 

ludus 8, 199 

Lugdunensem 1, 44 

lugendus 8, 267 

lugentis 3, 279. 15, 134 

lugere 10, 257 

luget 10, 256 

lumbis 10, 227 

lumbos3, 244.6, 314.9,59 

lurabum 8, 16 

lumen 3, 286. 9, 105 

lumina 13, 93 164 

luna 3, 286. 8, 149 

lunfi 6,311 

lunai 6, 443 

lunam 7,192. 10, 21 

lupa 3, 66 

lupanar 6, 121 

lupanaris 6, 132 

Luperco 2, 142 

lupini 14, 153 

lusca 7, 128 

luscis 10, 228 

luscum 10, 158 

luserit 5, 139 

lusit 11, 160 

lusore 9, 61 

lustrabit 6, 582 

lustrari 2, 157. 13, 63 

lustraverit 6, 518 

lustravitque 2, 144 

luteo 10, 132 

luto 3, 247. 6, 13. 7, 180. 

14, 35 66 
lutulenta 7, 131 
lux 12, 1. 13, 158. 14, 105 
luxu 6,299 
luxuria 6,293. 11, 22 
luxuria 15, 45 
luxurioe 1, 140. 1 1, 45 
luxuriam 4, 137 
luxuriosa 11, 77 
Lyciscai 6, 123 
Lycius 11, 147 
Lyde 2, 141 



M. 

Macelli 11, 10 
macellis 11, 64 



TO JUVENAL. 



491 



macello 5, 95. 6, 40 
macer 6, 138 
Machaerfe 7, 9 
maciem 15, 101 
macies 9, 16 
macra 7, 29 
macri 14, 146 
raactare 12, 115 
maculam 14, 2 
maculis 5, 104. 15, 160 
maculosas 7, 40 
madenti 4, 154 
madentia 6, 318 
madentis 13, 85 
madida 6, 473 
madidae 2, 93 
madidamque 3, 11 
madidas 5, 101. 7, 164 
madidique 10, 199 
madidis 10, 178. 15, 47 
madido 13, 165 
madidum 9, 51 
madidumque 6, 297 
maduerunt 10, 121 
Maecenas 7, 94 
Maecenate 1, 66 
Maecenatibus 12, 39 
Masnades 6, 317 
Maeotica 4, 42 
Maeotide 15, 115 
Maevia 1, 22 
magicaj 15, 5 
magicos 6, 610 
magis 2, 16. 11, 45 &c. 
magister 2, 77 114. 4, 45. 

12, 79 

magistra 6, 361. 13, 22 
magistri 5, 122. 7, 212 
magistro 6, 26. 14, 212 
magistros 7, 154. 8, 8. 14, 12 
magistrum 14, 246 
magna 2, 14 47. 3, 39 212. 
7, 108. 10, 49. 12, 116. 

13, 19 100 109 
magna 4, 32. 8, 13. 14, 

14 

magnaque 6, 537. 10, 111 
magnaa 4, 20. 5, 14. 7, 66. 
15, 41 

magnaeque 4, 74. 10, 39 
masni 1, 33. 2, 113. 4, 31. 

14, 224 227 304 
ma^nis 4, 17.6, 9 168. 13, 

247. 14, 32 169 
magno 2, 60 87. 3, 57 166 

twice 244. 6, 73. 10,246. 

11, 148 
magnorum 11, 102 
magnos 6, 313 
magnum 8, 263. 10. 65. 

14, 312 



magnus 1, 20. 4, 133. 6, 

559. 10, 160 
magus 3, 77 

majestas 1, 113. 3, 174. 

II, 111 

major 1, 88 106. 4, 139. 5, 

III. 6, 553. 8, 141. 9, 
133. 10, 14 140 233. 11, 
166. 13, 12 221. 15, 114 
159 

majora 4, 17 66. 8, 252. 10, 

137 311 
majoraque 2, 122. 14, 117 
majore 5, 56. 10, 289. 11, 

2. 13, 130 
majorem 13, 163 
majores 4, 27. 8, 133. 12, 

109. 13, 57. 14, 264 
majoribus 13, 124 
majoris 1,29.3, 115. 15,162 
majorque 14, 142 
majorum 1, 60. 7, 207. 8, 

3 22 64 146 227 274. 14, 

193. 16, 32 
majus 6, 568 

mala 6, 292. 10, 145. 14, 

216. 15, 142 
mala, i. e. poma, 1 1, 74 
malae, i. e. maxillae, 15, 54 
malaa, adj. 13, 109. 14,226 
male 5, 163. 8, 9. 9, 30. 

10, 85 
mali, i. e. pomi, 5, 153 
mali, adjective, 7, 51.9, 120. 

14, 290 
malignis 10, 111 
malim 4, 98 

malis 6, 336. 10, 191. 14, 
303 

malo, noun, 13, 1 

malo, verb, 6, 166 167. 8, 
269. 10, 124. 14, 153 

malorum 10, 98. 13, 13 
236 

malos 15, 70 

malum, neuter, 6, 109 

malum, substantive mascu- 
line, 12, 54 

malunt 9, 115 

malus 3, 42. 4, 8. 7, 169 

Mamercorum 8, 192 

mamillae 7, 159 

mamillam 13, 163 

mamillis 6, 401 491. 12, 
74 

mamma 1, 23 
manantia 6, 623. 15, 136 
manare 6, 275 
mancipiorum 9, 119 
mancipium 1, 171 
mancus 3, 18 



inandaret 10, 53 
mandat 3, 46 
mandata 6, 354 
mandavi 14, 225 
mandet 8, 91 
mandras 3, 237 
mane 6, 601 656 
maneant 3. 30. 8, 92 
manebit 14, 310 
maneret 4, 95. 9, 72 
manes, noun, 2, 149. 15, 105 
manesque, noun, 2, 154 
manct 5, 103. 11, 39. 13, 
177 

mangone 11, 147 
manibus 5, 83. 6, 381 573. 

14, 285 
manicae 6, 256 
manifesta 2, 64. 14, 136 
Manilia 6, 243 
manipli 16, 20 
maniplos 8, 153 
mansit 6, 561 
mansuescere 11, 104 
mama 10, 302. 12, 65 
manubria 11, 133 
raanum 1, 15. 6, 546 
manumque 6, 583 
manus 3, 106. 5, 53. 6, 

290. 7, 241. 10, 120. 

15, 54 
mappa 5, 27 
mappaa 11, 191 
Marcellis 2, 145 
mare 1, 54. 2, 25. 3, 55. 

5, 94. 6, 94 283. 10, 

176. 12, 62. 13, 69 155. 

14, 276. 15, 16 
margine 1, 5. 3, 19. 4, 30 
maria 4, 83 
maribus 1, 84. 2, 89 
marinis 3, 238 
marinos 14, 283 
marique 14, 222 
maris 13, 246 
marisca? 2, 13 
maritali 6, 43 

mariti 2, 120. 6, 229 232 

291 463 509 611 652 
marito 3, 91. 6, 10 136 

400 456. 7, 25. 11, 201 
maritos 1, 72. 2, 138. 9, 26 
maritum 1, 121. 6, 100 

149 619 
mariius 6, 211 432 475. 

7, 169. 10, 312 
Marias 1, 49. 8, 120 
marmora 1, 12. 3, 20 215. 

9, 104 
marmore 3, 205. 14, 95 
marmorea 4, 112 8, 230 



492 



VERBAL INDEX 



marmoreis 7, 80 

inarmoreum 8, 55 

marmoreus 13, 115 

marmoribus 6, 430. 14,90 

Maronem 6, 436 

Maroni7, 227 

Maronis 11, 178 

marrae 3, 311 

marris 15, 167 

Mars 6, 59. 14, 261 

Marsos 3, 169 

Marsus 14, 180 

Marsya 9, 2 

Marti 16, 5 

Martique 2, 31 

Martis 1,8. 9, 101. 10, 83 

314. 13, 79 
inassa 6, 421 
Massa 1 , 35 
massae 10, 130 
mater 3, 212. 6, 167 239. 

10, 195 232 290 
materia 11, 133. 14, 17 
materia? 1, 151 
materiam 3, 147. 10, 47 
inateriamque 7,21 
materno 6, 631 
maternos 14, 26 
mathematicis 14, 248 
matbematicus 6, 502 
Matho 7, 129. 11, 34 
Mathonis 1, 32 
matre 7, 196. 9, 61 
matrem 6, 173. 7, 146. 11, 

152 
matri 14, 28 
matnbus 11,71 
matris 3, 176. 6, 565. 9, 

23. 11, 18. 12, 8 
matrisque 6, 512 
matrona 1, 69. 3, 110. 6, 

49 250 448 497 
matronae 10, 319 
malronis 8, 267 
matura6, 369. 14, 83 
matime 14, 216 
maturius 11, 88 
maturus 8, 169. 12, 7 
matutinis 12, 92 
matutino 4, 108. 6, 523 
mavis 10, 99 
Maura 6, 307. 10, 224 
Maura 12, 4 
Mauraj 6, 308 
Mauri 5, 53.6,337. 11, 125 
Mauro 10, 148. 11, 125 
Mauroruin 14, 196 
Maurus 3, 79 

maxima 5, 66 99. 6, 155. 
8, 112. 10, 24. 12, 52. 
14, 47 



maximus 3, 310. 7, 193 
media 8, 217 

media 1, 157. 10, 156. 11, 

112. 14, 190 
media; 5, 106. 7, 222 
mediam 2, 144. 5, 54 102. 

6, 46 

mediamqne 3, 219. 11, 112 

medias 4, 138 
medieamen 14, 254 
medicamina 6, 595 661 
medicaminibus 6, 472 
meclicatum 12, 36 
medici 6, 46 

medicis 6, 370 389. 13, 
124 

medico 2, 13. 16, 12 

medicus 3, 77 

mediis 3, 80. 6, 302 

mediisque 6, 108 

medio 1, 63. 6, 446. 9, 106. 

10, 37. 12, 77. 13, 10. 

14, 129. 16, 33 
mediocri 13, 143 
mediociibus 11, 175 
mediocris 6, 582. 13, 7 
meditataque 6, 539 
meditatur 7, 128 
meditatus 4, 112 
mediumque 10, 53 
medius 12, 30 
Medo 10, 177 
Medos 7, 132 
medullas 14, 215 
Medullina; 6, 322 
medullis 8, 90 
Megalesia 6, 69 
Megalesiaca? 11, 191 
mejere 1,131 
meis 3, 28 
Meleagri 5, 115 
meiior 1,71. 3, 93 104. 4, 

104. 5, 133 158. 6, 350. 

14, 143 

meliora 3, 220. 12, 64 
meliore3,82. 14,35 95 158 
meliorem 14, 212 
melius 2, 139. G, 34. 10, 

344. 13, 18 215 
melius 2, 56. 7, 124. 14, 6. 

15, 106 
meliusne 9, 60 
meliusque 1 1, 12 
mellis 6, 181 

membra 2, 11. 3, 259. 10, 
198. 11, 5. 13, 218. 15, 
102 

raembrana 7, 23 
membrorum 10, 223 
memento 5, 71. 6, 572. 9, 
93 



meminit 11, 81 
Memnone 15, 5 
memor 3, 318 
memorabile 2,113 
memoranda 2, 102 
memoraret 4, 129 
memori 1 1, 28 
Memphitide 15, 122 
Menalippes 8, 229 
mendacia 7, 111 
mendax 10, 174. 15, 16 
mendicaret 4, 1 17 
mendieat 3, 16. 6, 543. 11, 
43 

mendicatus 10, 277 
Menceceus 14, 240 
mens 1, 166. 5, 1. 10, 356. 

13, 194 203 
mensa 6, 305. 8, 178. 15, 

12 

mensA. 1, 138 

mensa; 2, 110. 6, 630. 8, 

104. 13,211 
mensam 5, 145 
mensamque 3, 169 
mensas 1, 75. 5, 4. 11, 

117 

mease 3, 9. 6, 153 406. 

9, 68 
menses 5,19 

mensis, nominative, 6, 571 
mensis,«Maf.l4,182.15, 42 
mensura 4, 72. 9, 34. 10, 

98. 11, 35. 14, 93 316 
mensurfi 10, 101 
mensuram 1 , 41 
mente 15, 130 
mentem 6, 531 611. 13, 

220 

mentes 14, 284 
mentibus 6, 317 
mentio 3, 114. 6, 508. 11, 

184 
mcntiri 3, 41 

mentis 7, 66. 14, 175 226 
mentita 6, 123 
Mentore 8, 104 
mera 6, 187 
mercaris 14, 143 
mercator 6, 153. 14, 269 
mercatoremque 13, 154 
merce 4, 33 
mercede 14, 273 
mercedem 1, 42. 3, 15. 5, 

13. 7, 149 157 158 
mercedes 8, 246 
meices 7, 175 228. 14, 164 
mercibus 14, 288 
mercis 14, 201 
merentem 16, 55 
merentur 1, 37 



TO JUVENAL. 



493 



mereris 8, 25 

meretrix 6, 1 18 

rceretur 6, 532 

mergat 13, 8 

mergatur 8, 86 

mergere 14, 9 

mergetur 6, 523 

mergit 10, 57 

meri 6, 319 

mentis 14, 163 

merito 2, 34. 3, 221. 8, 

114. 10,208. 15,24 
meritoria 3, 234 
meritum 3, 127. 9, 82. 12, 

124 

mero, substantive, 3, 283. 6, 
303. 12, 8. 15, 48 

mero, adjective, 6, 159 

Meroe 6, 528. 13, 163 

mersa 14, 301 

mersis 11, 40 

meruisse 8, 226 

meruit 6, 219. 7, 216. 8, 
260 

Messalinae 10, 333 

messem 7, 112 

messoribus 8, 117 

metallo 13, 30 

metarum 6, 583 

Metelli 6, 265. 15, 109 

metiris 9, 71 

metisque, noun, 14, 232 

metit, 3, 186 

metitur 6, 358 

metretam 3, 246 

metu 13, 204 

metuam 5, 5 

rnetuas 3, 302 

metuenda 11, 45 75 

metuens 7, 210. 13, 90 

metuensque 5, 154 

metuentem 14, 96 

metues 8, 38 

metuet 10, 312 

metuique, infinitive, 6, 517 

metuque 14, 303 

raetus 3, 198. 14, 178 

metuunt 14, 101 

Micipsarum 5, 89 

micturiente 16, 46 

micturiunt 6, 309 

migra 6, 171 

migrare 11, .51. 15, 151 

migraret 7, 7 

migrasse 3, 163 

miles 8, 79. 10, 18 267. 

11, 102. 16, 16 
Miletos 6, 296 
milite 2, 155. 16, 18 
militia 10, 9 
militibus 16, 51 



militias 7, 88. 16, 2 53 
militis 3, 248 

mille 3, 8. 7, 39. 12, 46 
122. 14, 12 274. 16, 43 
44 

millesima 7, 100 

millia 2, 151. 9, 140. 15, 

61. 16, 25 
millibus 4, 15. 5, 60 
Miioni 2, 26 
milvos 9, 55 
mimum 6, 608. 13, 110 
mimus 5, 157. 8, 198 
minaci 10, 52 
minantur 3, 256 
minatur 7, 127. 14, 294 
Minerva: 13, 82 
Minervam 3, 139 219. 10, 

116 

minetur 6, 569 
minima 6, 91 
minima 2, 161 
minimam 13, 13 
minimas 14, 124 
minimasque 5, 144 
minime 4, 8 
minimis 11, 36 
minimisque 6, 349 
minimo 5, 123 
minimoque 1, 14 
minimum 6, 269. 15, 24. 
16, 8 

minimumque 6, 135 
minimus 10, 217. 13, 179 
minister 5, 63 
ministri 5, 83. 11, 161 
ministro 2,98. 3,46. 12, 14 
minor 3, 23 125 160 203. 
4, 41. 5, 168. 6, 504 
646. 7, 72. 11, 61. 13, 
150. 14, 165. 15, 140 
minora 10, 101 
minorem 4, 61. 8, 4. 12, 
56 

minores 1, 148. 6, 145 499. 

8, 234 
minori 6, 513. 13, 48 
minoribus 2, 146. 14, 189 
minoris 4, 25. 7, 187 
Minturnarumque 10, 276 
minus 7, 217 

minus 2, 71. 5, 157. 6,210 
620. 9, 45. 10, 327. 14, 
140 

minutal 14, 129 
minutas 14, 291 
minuti 13, 189 
minuto 6, 546. 9, 137 
minxit 3, 107 
mira 8, 198 
mirabantur 10, 127 



mirabere 12, 78 
mirabile 12, 73 
mirabilis 3, 98 
miranda 7, 200. 15, 27 
mirandis 13, 65 
mirandum 10, 32. 12, 124 
mirandusque 10, 161 
mirante 2, 67 
mirantis 12, 16 
miiaretur 8, 264 
mirari 11, 100 
miratrix 4, 62 
miratur 3, 90. 4, 102. 13, 

162. 14, 120 
mire 14, 24 
miremur 8, 68 
miretur 14. 195 
miris 13, 70 
Mirmillonem 6, 81 
Mirmillonis 8, 200 
misce 1 4, 322 
misceat 2, 25 
miscellanea 11, 20 
miscere 5, 61 
miscet 1, 70 

miscuit8,220. 10,163. 14, 
174 

misellus 13, 213 

miser 4, 23. 7, 27 117. 9, 

45. 10, 332. 13, 112. 

14, 64. 
misera 14, 304 
miserabile 3, 166 276. 6, 

65. 9, 147. 10, 269. 15, 

97 

miserabilior 9, 6 
miserabilis 2, 18. 12, 67 
misery 3, 288. 4, 74 
miserreque 9, 127 
miseram 8, 18. 9, 113 
miserantibus, 15, 101 
miserere 8, 89. 12, 25 
miseri 2, 159. 6, 424 463 
miseris 1, 134. 8, 122 
misero 4, 99. 5, 87. 10, 

200. 14, 246 
miseros 7, 154. 10, 296 
miserrimus 11, 12 
miserum 3, 6. 7, 161. 8, 

76. 13, 48 161 
misit 2, 148. 4, 20. 5, 92. 

10, 132 
missis 6, 233 
misso 4, 144 
missum 13, 230 
missurus 5, 32 
missus 11, 63 
mite 4, 82. 13, 184 
mitem 14, 15 
Mithridates 14, 252 
mitior 6, 486 



494 



VERBAL INDEX 



mitius 10, 183 
milra 3, 66 

mittas 5, 119. 8, 180. 9, 

50 70 
mittat 7, 74 
mitte 8, 171 172 
mittebantur 5, 108 
mittentur 2, 169. 14, 147 
mittere 12, 43. 13, 114 
mitti 6, 563 
mittit 3, 45. 11, 124 
mittitis 6, 466 
niixtos 6, 625 
mobilis 13,236 
moderantem 10, 128 
modesto 10, 300 
modi 7, 100 
Modiam 3, 130 
modica 12, 66 
modica: 4, 30 
modicam 13, 143 
modicis 5, 108. 14, 15 
modico 9, 9. 10, 289 
modio 14, 126 
modis 6, 406. 7, 19. 9, 73 
modium 3, 220 
modo 2, 73 135 160. 3, 

254. 4, 77. 5, 51. 6, 

195 275. 7, 152 195. 8, 

99 125 237. 9, 96 124. 

13, 73. 14, 86 117 298. 

15, 98 119 
modum 6, 359 
modumque 8, 88 
modus 3, 310. 14, 172 
moecha 2, 68 
mcechae 6, 278 
mocehi 1 , 55 
moechis 6, 465 
mcechorum 6, 42 
mcechos 2, 27. 6, 24. 10, 

220 317. 14, 26 
mcecbum 6, 100 464. 14, 

30 

moechus 9, 25 
mcenia 6, 83. 15, 28 
moerore 10, 245 
Moesorurri 9, 143 
mcesta 2, 109 
moestam 11, 197 
moestitia 11, 53 
molam 8, 67 
molares 13, 212 
molari 5, 160 
mole 12, 12 
molern 16, 26 
moles 12, 75 
molesta 8, 235 
molle 1 , 69 

molles I, 104. 2, 47. 3, 
202. 6, 91 300. 12, 85 



molli 3, 99. 6, 63 
mollia 1, 83. 6, 366 514 
mollior 2, 165. 8, 15. 11, 

66 

mollique 5, 70 
mollis 9, 38 
mollissima 15, 131 
mollius 6, 198 
Molosso 12, 108 
Molossos 14, 162 
momordit 7, 19 
moneant 8, 91 
moneatis 6, 346 
monent 15, 107 
moneo 6, 629 
moneri 6, 530 
moneta 7, 55 
monilia 2, 85 
monimenta 5, 55 
monitis 14, 210 
monitu 14, 228 
nions 6, 649 

monstra, noun, 2, 122. 6, 
286 645. 14, 283. 15, 
172 

monstrant 14, 3 208 
monstrante 14, 10 
monstrare 2, 42. 7, 56. 8, 

45. 14, 103 
monstrat 10, 48 
monstrata 14, 37 
monstratos 6, 261 
monstratur 6, 60 
monstris 6, 647 
monstro, verb, 10, 368. 14, 

256 

monstrum 2, 143. 4, 2 45 
115. 9, 38. 13, 65. 15, 
121 

montana 6, 5 
montani 1 1, 68 
Montani 4, 107 
montanum 2, 74 
Montanus 4, 131 
monte 6, 344. 8, 245. 11, 
89 

montem 1, 82. 3, 258. 5, 

77. 10, 153. 14, 144 
montes 9, 54 

montibus 5, 33. 6, 58 637. 

7, 211. 11, 25 159. 12, 

129. 14, 88 
monui 8, 39 
monuit 11, 114 
Monychus 1, 11 
mora 2, 167. 6, 333. 10, 

340. 12, 111 twice 
morai 6, 238 327. 16, 44 
morantur 11, 54 
moraris 1, 125. 14, 250 

267 



moratam 6, 1 
morbi 3, 236 
morbis 14, 156 
morbo 2, 50. 9, 49. 13,212 
morborum 10, 219 
morbum 2, 17. 13, 230 
mordeat 6, 632 
mordente 9, 10 
mordere 5, 11. 11, 67. 15, 
87 

mordet 6, 302 
mordetur 3, 91 
more 2, 87 116. 3, 261. 8, 

156. 13, 38. 16, 15 
mores 2, 170. 3, 63. 4, 82. 

6, 84 240 298. 7, 237. 

10,298 323. 1 1,92. 13, 

159 239. 14, 15 
moriaris 14, 137 
moribus 1, 147. 2,2 39. 3, 

140. 6, 45. 8, 21. 11, 

57. 13, 204. 14, 74 323 
morieris 14, 249 
moris 1 1 , 83 
moritur 3, 232 
moriuntur 2, 140 
moror 3, 183 
mors 4, 95. 10, 172 
morsu 4, 142. 15, 9 
morsum 5, 69 
morsuque 14, 297 
mortalis 13, 76 
moitaria 7, 170 
morte 6, 221 654. 8, 85. 

10, 113. 11, 45. 12, 58. 

13, 54 
mortem 8, 196. 10, 248 
mortes 1, 144 
mortifera 9, 95. 10, 10 
mortifera 14, 221 
mortifero 4, 113 
mortis 10, 357 
mortuus3, 172. 15, 79 
morum 4, 12. 14, 52 
mos 6, 392. 10, 212 
Moses 14, 102 
motai 10, 21 
raotus 3, 42 

moveat 10, 202. 13, 35 
movebant 8, 12 
movebit 6, 257 
movebunt 7, 171 
movemus 2, 52 
movendus 3, 226 
moventur 6, 311 
raoverat 10, 29. 15, 16 
moveri 6, 419. 13, 87 
moverit 6, 243 
moves 13, 1 14 
movet 6, 71. 8, 203. 14, 5 
movetur 11, 168 



TO JUVENAL. 



405 



movisse 6, 538 

mox 3, 247 280. 5, 26. 6, 

23 127 224. 9, 39. 10, 

319. 11, 168. 12, 20 60. 

13, 169. 14, 99 125 161 
mucida 5, 68. 14, 128 
Mucius I,|154. 8, 264 
mucronem 14, 217 
mugilis 10, 317 
mugire 14, 286 
muqitum 1, 53 
mul* 7, 181. 13, 66 
mulier 2, 123. 3, 95. 6, 

252 440 457. 10, 328 
mulino 16, 23 
mulio 3, 317 
mullorumque 6, 40 
mullum 4, 15. 11, 37 
mullus 5, 92 

raulta2, 59. 7, 101. 8, 7 

multicia2, 66 76. 11, 186 

multis 10, 9 

multo 4, 47. 13, 196 

multorum 6, 126 

multum 3, 285. 10, 3. 12, 

46 66 
multus 8, 104 
mundae 7, 181 
mundi 10, 169. 12, 48. 15, 

147 

mundique 6, 586 
mundum 13, 87 
munera 3, 36. 9, 53. 10, 
358 

munere 1, 35. 2, 148. 4, 18 
muneribus 10, 306 
municipalis 3, 34. 8, 238 
municipes 4, 33. 14, 271 
munimenta 9, 29 
muniret 8, 248 
munitam 10, 171 
munus 14, 183 
munuscula 6, 36 
muraana 5, 99 
mures 3, 207 
murmura 6, 539. 10, 89 
murmure 5, 67. 10, 290. 

13, 224 
muro 4, 132 
muros 8, 240 
murrhina 6, 156. 7, 133 
mus 6, 339 
Musarum 7, 37 
mustacea 6, 202 
musto 9, 58 
mustum 10, 250 
muta 8, 56 
mutandum 6, 94 
mutare 8, 65. 14, 55 
mutari 13, 240 
mutatis 6, 471 



mutorum 15, 143 
mutuus 15, 149 
Mycale 5, 141 
Mycenis 12, 127 
Myconis 8, 102 



N. 

Nabathceo 11, 126 

Naevole 9, 1 91 

nanura 8, 32 

Narcissi 14, 329 

naresque 14, 194 

naribus 6, 108 

narrare 12, 82 

narraret 15, 14 

narrasse 11, 202 

narrat 6, 412 

narrate 4, 35 

narratur 2, 164 

nascenti 12, 9 

nasci 10, 50 

nascitur 9, 83 

nascuntur 14, 242. 15, 10 

nasi 10, 199 

naso 1, 57. 6, 148 

nascque 8, 5 

nasorum 5, 47 

nassa3 12, 123 

nasus 6, 495. 15, 55 

nata 4, 140 

nataa 15, 68 

natali 12, 1 

natalibus 5, 37. 6, 323. 8, 

231 
natalis 9, 51 
natalitium 11, 84 
natam 10, 122 
natantem 10, 257 
natantes 14, 8 
nataret 11, 94 
natas 11, 117 
natat 4, 55 
natavit 8, 265 
nates 6, 612 

nati 3, 156. 6, 12. 13, 84 

142 
natio 3, 100 
natis 9, 11 
natisque 10, 201 
natorum 6, 175. 10, 241 
natos 6, 86 627 
Natta 8, 95 
natum 1, 141 

natura 1, 79. 2, 140. 10, 
152 279 301 303. 12, 
41 79. 13, 30 166 236 
239. 14, 31 321. 15, 
132 

natura 13, 88 



naturae 3, 123. 10, 359. 
15, 138 

natus 1, 104. 3, 80. 8, 14 
259. 13, 17 

nave 9, 149. 10, 185 

navem 12, 56. 14, 288 

naufragium 12, 22 

naufragus 14, 301 

navibus 8, 106. 9, 132 

navigio 1, 82 

navim 6, 98 

naulum 8, 97 

nauseat 6, 433 

nautffi 12, 82 

nautas 6, 101 

nautis 6, 154. 8, 174 

ne 2, 42 

nebula 10, 4 

nebulone 14, 9 

necandos 6, 596 

necari 13, 176 

necat 10, 316 

necesse 3, 290 

nectare 13, 44 

necte 6, 51 
nectit 7, 18 
nefanda 15, 165 

nefandas 13, 174 
nefandi 15, 116 
nefas 2, 127. 8, 41 83. 13, 
54 238. 14, 188. 15,9 12 
negabit 14, 134 
negat 1, 79. 3, 208 
negaverit 10, 321 
negavit 3, 168 
negem 1, 105 
neget 10, 87. 13, 77 
neglecta 9, 15 
neglectum 5, 16 
negligis 2, 132 
negligit 9, 92 
negotia 11, 181. 14, 264 
nemo 2, 83. 4, 8. 6,562.7, 

223. 13, 3 76. 14, 233 
nemore 15, 152 161 
nemorosa 3, 191 
nemorum 4, 6 
nempe 3, 95. 8, 57 164 
180. 10, 110 160 185 
326. 13, 166 181 
nemus 3, 13 
nepotes 2, 128. 8, 67 
neptes 6, 265 
Neptune 13, 81 
Neptuni 13, 152 
nequam 6, 197 
neque 1, 89. 3, 79 110. 4, 

41. 14, 127 
nequeo 3, 42. 7, 56 
nequeunt 2, 1 38 
nequicquam 8, 205 



49(5 



VERBAL INDEX 



nequitias 14, 216 
Nero 8, 223. 10, 308. 12, 
129 

Nerone 8, 72 193 
Neronem 8, 170 
Neroni 4, 38. 8, 212 
Neronis 4, 137. 6, 615. 10, 
15 

nervi 9, 34 

nervus 10, 205 

nescia 13, 240 

nesciat 10, 360 

nescierint 15, 168 

nescio 1, 130. 3, 41. 11, 

48. 16, 30 
nescire 6, 188. 7, 97 
nescis 3, 200. 5, 159. 13, 

33 

nescit 5, 60. 6, 247 301. 

12, 28. 14, 231. 15, 1 
nescius 11, 100 
Nestora 12, 128 
Nest oris 6, 326 
neu 14, 203 

ni 3, 321. 9, 71. 10, 155 

339 
niceteria 3, 68 
nido 1, 116. 5, 143 
nidore 5, 162 
nidos 14, 80 

nigra 3, 30. 13, 45. 14, 

294 
nigra 10, 245 
nigrae 7, 192 
nigram 16, 11 
nigras 2, 150 
nigri 5, 53. 13, 245 
nigro 6, 370. 7. 227. 15, 

49 

nigroque 6, 165 

nigros 1 , 72 

nigrum 6, 120 

nigrumque 6, 343 

nihil 3, 84 109 112 209. 4, 
70 99. 5, 6. 6, 213 twice 
284 331 460. 7, 71. 8, 
75. 10, 155 360. 13, 18 
227. 15, 88 

nihilo 5, 134 

nil 1, 147. 2, 139. 3, 51 
twice 152 208 295. 4, 22. 
5, 148. 6, 58 86 173212 
222 234 324 457 twice. 
7, 54 160 206. 8, 52 64. 
9, 34. 10, 71 72 82 346. 
11, 121 txoice. 14, 44 97 
185 294 twice 313. 15, 
118. 16, 12 

Nili 13, 27 

Niliacae 1, 26 

Nilo 15, 123 



Niloque 10, 149 
Nilum 6, 83 
nimbis 1, 81 
nimbo 5, 79 
nimbos 7, 163 
nimboso 4, 87 
nimia 12, 97 
nimift 10, 12. 15, 77 
nimiajque 11, 194 
nimias 10, 105 
nimio 10, 252 
nimios 10, 104. 11, 127. 
13, 11 

nimirum 2, 104. 7, 78. 10, 

248. 14, 54 
Niobe 6, 177 

Niphatem 6, 409 
nisi 2, 152. 3, 49 172. 6, 
186 250 518 581. 7, 87 
140. 8, 53 57 199. 10, 
338. 11, 122. 14, 103 

nitent 12, 91 

nitentia 12, 88 

nitet 7, 181. 15, 4 

nitidas 14, 60 

nitidi 3, 157 

nitidique 1 1, 176 

nitidis 14, 2 

nitidos 6, 8 

nitor3, 180. 9, 13 

niveani 12, 3 

niveique 7, 221 

nivemque 10, 152 

niveos 10, 45 

nivcus 5, 70 

nobile 1 1, 95 

nobilior 6, 176 

nobilis6,81. 7, 191. 8, 41 
49 60 199 253. 15, 113 

nobilitas 8, 20 139 

nobilitate 1, 34. 4,97 

nobilium 7, 91 

nobis 2, 121. 3, 92 126 
243. 6, 147. 8, 71. 9, 
115. 10, 348. 11, 131. 
14, 40 187. 15, 149 

nobiscum 1, 101 

nocens 6, 620. 13, 3 

nocentem 6, 647 

nocentes 13, 101 

nocentibus 13, 234 

nocet 10, 324. 14, 153 

nocitura 10, 8 twice 

nocte 2, 161. 3, 105 127 
198 275. 6,204 419 420 
475 531. 7, 61. 8, 149. 
9, 76. 10, 20 235. 11, 
112 185. 13, 198 217. 
14, 146 190 296. 15, 43 

noctem 3, 279. 5, 54 

noctesque 4, 137 



noctibus 1, 38. 6, 302 309 
noctis 3, 268. 7, 222 
noctu 6, 35 605. 14, 306 
nocturna 8, 233 
nocturna; 3, 12 
nocturnos 6, 118 
nocturnus 8, 144 
nocuit-5, 154. 13,227 
nodos 8, 50 
nodosam 8, 247 
nodus 5, 165 
nolentem 9, 113 
nolenti 15, 123 
nolet 6, 213 
noli 1, 126. 6, 378 
nolis 5, 54 
nolit 5, 24 

nollet 6, 254. 13, 187 
nolo 8, 275 
noluerim 8, 75 
nolunt 10, 96 

nomen 1, 153. 5, 46. 7, 9 
110 234. 8, 36 273. 11, 
22. 12, 72. 13, 30 

nomina 5, 127. 6, 604. 8, 
132 255. 10, 219 234 

nomine 1, 98. 8, 31 

nominis 6, 385. 8, 241. 13, 
248 

non 1, 30 51 52 93 131 
153. 2, 8 25 36. 3, 6 48 
60 110 twice. 6,395 twice. 
7, 14. 8, 43. 9, 6 8 24. 

10, 6 40 164 thrice, &c. 
nona 13, 28 

nondum 1, 114. 2, 152. 5, 
1. 6, 15 16. 13, 49. 14, 
11 215 249 327. 15, 24 

nonne 1, 63. 2, 34. 3,249. 
6, 34 

norunt. 3, 46 

nos 1, 15 twice 112 159. 2, 
51. 3, 75 159 193. 5, 
168. 8, 163. 9, 5. 13, 
13 &c. 
noscenda 1 1, 35 
n6sse 7, 157. 13, 195 
noster 11, 143. 13, 244 
nostra 3, 84. 6, 254. 7, 
171. 10,25. 11,177203. 

14, 39 91 
nostra 6, 25. 14, 16 
nostraque 11, 117 
nostras 9, 94 
nostrasque 15, 110 

nostri 1, 86. 3, 318. 8, 44. 

11, 77. 15, 133 
nostrique 9, 137 

nostris 1, 147. 3, 58. 6, 
188. 12, 108. 14, 123. 

15, 153 



TO JUVENAL. 



497 



nostro 2, 48. 4, 115. 12, 
29 103. 15, 31 68 

nostrorum 3, 145 

nostros 10, 273 

nostrum 5, 94. 12, 89 

nota, participle, I, 7. 6,313. 
10, 341. 14, 248 

nota 1, 123 

notabilis 6, 374 

notae 6, 308 

notaeque 3, 35 

notavi 15, 45 

notenius 16, 35 

notet 9, 142 

notior 9, 25 

notique 7, 3 

notissima 2, 10. 10, 23 

notissimus 6, 42 156 

notos 11, 153 

notum2, 58.3.174. 10,353 
nova 1, 32 145. 2, 120. 3, 
26 

nova 11, 85 
novalia 14, 148 
novas 14, 95 
noverat 4, 136 
novercae 6, 403. 7, 234 
novercali 12, 71 
noverit 7, 231 
noverunt 6, 337 
novi 5, 6 
novicius 3, 265 
novimus 2, 52 
novis 2, 102 
novisse 5, 75 
novissima 6, 356 
novissimus 11, 42 
novit 3, 77. 6, 402. 11, 
143 

Novium 12, 111 

novo 6, 1 1 

novorum 7, 189 

novum 10, 250 

novus 8, 237 

nubat 6, 591 

nube 2, 61. 12, 19 

nubemque 13, 167 

nubentibus 2, 137 

nubere 10, 330 338 

nubes 13, 42. 14, 97 292 

nubilis 12, 118 

nubit 2, 134 

nucem 11, 119 

nuces 5, 144 

nuda 3, 216. 6, 122 491 

575. 7, 35. 15, 54 
nuda 1, 23 65 
nudam 11, 106 
nudas 1, 84 
nudi 6, 232. 11, 308 
nudis 1, 43. 6, 606 



nudisque 6, 491 

nudo 4, 49. 7, 16. 11, 43 

96 

nudum 3, 210. 8, 205. 9, 

35. 11, 170 
nudus 2, 71. 4, 100. 5, 

163 
nugas 11, 169 
nugis 4, 150 

nulla 2, 8. 3, 22 197. 5, 8. 

6, 36 180 201 221 242 
333 357 508 580. 7, 30 
187. 8, 64. 10, 25. 11, 
120 131. 12,98 111 twice. 
13,42. 11, 120 256 257. 
15, 60 

nulla 4, 2. 10, 110 
nullam 6, 208. 12, 32. 14, 
19 

nullane 6, 161. 13, 174 
nullas 1, 114 

nulli 1, 7 163. 3, 47 197. 
4, 139. 6, 630. 10, 77. 

12, 106. 15, 55 

nullis 6, 506 589. 8, 219. 

11, 64. 13, 181. 14, 165 
nullius 6, 379 
nullo 2, 90. 3, 28 94. 4, 

152. 8, 54 193. 11, 116. 

13, 30 87. 15, 26 
nullos 6, 13 

nullum 1, 56. 3, 278. 6, 
294 547. 8, 128. 9, 27 
82 twice. 10, 365. 12, 21. 
13, 118 126. 14, 315 

nullus 1, 139. 2, 110. 3, 
22. 5, 138. 6, 33 656. 

7, 8. 9, 13. 10, 306. 14, 
224. 15, 31 

Numa 3, 12 138 
Numae 6, 343. 8, 156 
Numantinos 8, 11 
numen 3, 19. 10, 365. 13, 

37 102. 14, 97 315 
numera 9, 41 
numerante 6, 382 
numerare 16, 1 
numeras 6, 169 
numerata 14, 133 
numerentur 9, 42 
numeres 8, 131 
numeret 5, 41 
numeris 6, 576 
numero 6, 385. 13, 26 
numeros 6, 249 
numerosa 7, 151. 10, 105 
numerum 9, 90 
numerus 2, 46. 6, 229. 7, 

102 

numi 5, 136. 13, 131. 14, 
139 260 

3 s 



Numidarurn 7, 182 

Numidas 4, 100 

n'umina 6, 568. 14, 182. 

15, 11 36 
numine 13, 231 
numinibus 10, 111 347. 13, 

48 

numinis 3, 138. 6, 342. 13, 

202 219 
numis 1, 48. 11, 19 
Nuraitor 7, 74. 8, 93 
numorum I, 114. 3, 143. 

8, 101 

numos 6, 646. 7, 140. 8, 
130. 10,319. 13,25 94. 

16, 40 

numquam 3, 44 121. 4, 80 
114. 5, 32. 6, 601. 8, 
183 220 252. 9, 100 130. 
10, 68 181 314. 11, 15. 
12, 74. 14, 26 224 321. 
15, 34 

numquamne 1, 1 

numquid 2, 51. 11, 56 

numus 6, 364 

nunc 1, 39 95. 2, 37 162. 

3, 13 49 56 58 225 268. 

4, 11. 5, 113 341. 6, 
292 345 393 659. 7, 36 
140. 8, 108. 9, 12 125. 

10, 43 79 210 225 310. 

11, 64 79 181. 12, 48 
57. 13, 60 140. 14, 29 
87 88 172 189 250. 15, 
70 97 110 172. 16, 35 

nuntiet 10, 216 

nuper 1, 111. 2, 29. 4, 9. 

8, 120. 9, 22. 12, 16. 

15, 27 
nupsit 6, 141 
nupta 2, 120. 6, 82 269 
nuptai 11, 201 
nuptam 3, 45 
Nursia 10, 74 
nurum 14, 220 
nurus 1, 77 

nusquam 3, 125. 5, 8. 8, 

152 
nutant 3, 256 
nutantem 15, 156 
nutantia 2, 125 
nutare 6, 411 
nutricem 6, 354. 7, 234 
nutricis 6, 593 
nutricula 7, 148 
nutrit 14, 75 
nutrita3, 85 
nutritus 3, 117. 12, 12 
Nysseque 7, 64 



198 



VERBAL INDEX 



O. 

O Corydon 9, 102 

o clemens 6, 222 

o ferrea 7, 150 

o fortunatam 10, 122 

o gloria 10, 159 

o Lybie 5, 119 

o medici 6, 46 

o numi 5, 136 

o pater 2, 126 

o parvi 9, 137 

o proceres 2, 121 

o pueri 14, 180 

o qualis 10, 157 

o quantus 6, 317 

o sanctas gentes 15, 10 

o vanissime 14, 211 

ob 12, 15 

obducta 9, 2 

obit 6, 559 

obiter 3, 241. 6. 481 

oblectant 14, 265 

obliqua 2, 94 

obliquas 3, 64 

obliquo 7, 224 

oblita 7, 100 

oblivio6, 613. 10, 204 

obrepit 9, 129 

obruit 10, 142 

obruta 15, 6 

obrutus 14, 297 

obsccena 6, 298 

obsccenis 2, 9. 11, 172 
obscceno 6, 513 

obscuri 6, 145 

obscurior 11, 125 

obscurisque 6, 131 

obsequere 10, 343 

observandisque 6, 536 

observant 6, 159 

observare 7, 24 1 

observet 5, 41 

obses 2, 166 

obsidet 10, 17 

obsidionis 15, 96 

obstabit 3, 60 

obstante 6, 213 

obstantibus 11,15 

obstas 14, 250 

obstat 3, 164 194 243. 
154 

obstet 14, 49 

obstitit 4, 62 

obstricta 10, 88 

obtritum 3, 260 

obvia 6, 412 

obvius 8, 159. 10, 83 

occasio 13, 183. 15, 39 

occidat 13, 158 



occidere 2, 104. 6, 628. 10, 

96. 14,331 
occiderit 10, 221 
occidisse 15, 170 
occidit3, 116. 7, 154 
occidunt 3, 37 
occulta 8, 107 266. 9, 101 
occulti 6, 271. 7, 200 
occultis 3, 50. 12, 42 
occultum 13, 195 
occultus 11, 58 
occurras 1, 18. 9, 2 
occurrent 6, 655 
occurrere 5, 54. 9, 44 
occurrit 1, 69. 3, 215. 15, 

139 

occurrunt 12, 77. 14, 292 
occursu 6, 418 
occursum 8, 152 
occursus 8, 572. 10, 48 
Oceani 11, 94 113. 14, 
283 

Oceano 10, 149 
Oceanum 2, 2 
ocelli 6, 109 578 
ocellos 6, 8 

ocius 6, 53 148 416. 7, 24. 

14, 252 
ocreas 6, 258 
octava 1, 49 
Octavius 8, 242 
octo 6, 229. 7, 142 
octogesima 4, 92 
octogesimus 9, 191 
oculique 6, 145 
oculis 6, 433. 8, 5. 10, 32 

333. 11, 168. 14, 65 
oculo 6, 54 
oculorum 15, 58 
oculos 2, 95. 8, 150. 10, 

228. 12, 96. 13, 133 

144 

oculosque 7, 241 
oculum 16, 12 
oderat 4, 73 
oderit 6, 183 
oderunt 6, 627 
odi 6, 451 
odimus 3, 214 
odio 10, 329 

odit 6, 272 510. 7, 35. 8, 
202. 9, 96. 10, 73. 15, 
37 71 

odium 15, 34 51 

odor 14, 204 

odore 5, 150 

odorem 6, 132 

odoiis 1 1, 74 

cenophorum 6, 426. 7, 11 
oestro 4, 123 
ufellae 11, 144 



offam 16, 11 

offas 2, 33. 6, 472 

offendere 16, 24 

offensai 4, 105 

offlcia 7, 107. 10, 45 

officii 2, 134 

officio 6, 203 

officiorum 5, 13 

officium 2, 132. 3, 126 239. 

11, 114 
Ogulnia 6, 352 
olebit 5, 87 
olei 7, 99 
olentis 14, 269 
olet 6, 431 
olfecisse 7, 225 
olida 8, 157 
olido 11, 170 

olim 3, 163. 4, 96. 5, 110. 
6, 42 90 157 281 346. 
8, 98. 10, 78 142 163 

173. 11, 77. 14, 180 225 
olimque 9, 17 

oliva 14, 144 

oliva2 13, 99 

ollas 14, 171 

oluscula 11, 79 

Olynthi 12, 47 

omen 4, 125 

omenta 13, 118 

omne 1, 149. 3,260. 5,93. 

6, 23. 8, 122 140. 9, 88. 
10, 219 320. 11, 4. 15, 

174. 16, 54 
omnem 8, 132. 13, 204 
omnes 1, 24. 2, 44. 3, 183 

308. 5, 169. 6, 151 197 
249 336 450 592 606. 

7, 70 157 231. 9, 106 
132. 10, 47 67. 12, 90. 
13, 5 188. 14, 41 209. 
15, 62 99. 16, 60 twice 

omnesque 16, 20 

omni 1, 59. 3, 104. 4, 14. 

6, 163. 8, 209 239 256. 

10, 232 253 280 303. 

11, 143. 13, 24. 14, 11 
63 237 

omnia 2, 4. 3, 38 77 96 
183. 4, 79. 5, 58 123 
158 170. 6, 166 187 324. 

8, 70 97. 9, 12. 10, 79 
124 191 265. 11, 14 110 
176 190. 12,22 124. 13, 
86 223. 14,53 127 262 
330. 15, 30 107 

omnibus 2, 31 147. 2, 148. 

7, 101. 8, 256. 9, 42. 
10, 1. 11, 25. 13, 166. 
15, 75 

omnique 11, 172 



TO JUVENAL. 



499 



omnis 3, 15 55 303. 6,438. 

7, 57. 8, 100. 11, 3 136. 

15, 11 
onerosaque 6, 236 
onus 13, 8 
opaci 3, 54 
ope 14, 183 
opem 12, 33 
opera 8, 224 

operas pretium 9, 28. 12, 

127. 14, 281 
operas 6, 383 
operatur 12, 92 
operit 4, 42 
opertis 6, 433 
operum 7, 102 
opes 10,24 105. 14, 93 120 
opibus 1, 24. 2, 129. 3, 

235. 6, 88. 8,185. 9,100 
opicaj 6, 455 
opici 3, 207 
opimam 10, 281 
opobalsama 2, 41 
oportet 14, 207 
Oppia 10, 322 
oppida 1, 35. 8, 129. 15, 8 
opponere 9, 86 
opponunt 2, 39 
oppositis 11, 18 
opposito 11, 158 
opposuit 10, 152 
oppressa 10, 75 
opsonia 4,64. 11, 134 
optabat 10, 104 
optabunt 10, 346 
optandas 10, 284 
optandum 1, 107. 10, 103 
optandusque 6, 211 
optantibus 10, 7 
optare 10, 115. 13, 96 
optari 10, 293 
optas 10, 189 

optat 6, 487. 10, 80 115 

289. 14, 140 
optata 5, 117. 10, 187 
optes 3, 276 

optima 1, 38 135. 3, 223. 

6, 136. 15, 133 
optimus 4, 78. 10, 331 
opus 7, 66 

opus est 2, 121. 6, 368. 10, 
215 

ora 3, 240. 6, 43. 8, 35. 

15, 137 
oracula 6, 555 
orandum 10, 356 
orator 7, 193. 10, 118. 11, 

34 

orba 6, 270 

orbe 2, 108. 6, 11 402. 
10, 63 



orbem 4, 37 132. 5, 21. 6, 
293 496. 10, 40. 11, 
173. 14, 313 

orbes 11, 122 

orbi, genitive, 4, 19. 6, 548 

orbi, nom. plural, 12, 99 

orbibus 1 , 137 

orbis, nom. 19, 168. 15, 110 

orbis, genitive, 4, 148 

orbis, ablative, 3, 129 

orbita 14, 37 

orborum 3, 221 

Orcadas 2, 161 

orchestra 7, 47 

orchestram 3, 178 

ordine 1, 127 

ordinibus 6, 502. 14, 324 

ordinis 7, 44 

ordo 3, 284 

ore 3,267. 7, 167. 10, 232. 

14, 138 205 
Orestes 1, 6. 8, 220 
orexirn 6, 428 
orexis 11, 127 
organa 6, 380 
Orgia 2, 91 
originis 8, 46 
origo 14, 226 
oris 10, 238 
ornamenta 3, 218 
ornamenturn 3, 204 
ornari 6, 488 
ornata 11, 64 
ornatas 6, 227 
ornate 12, 85 
ornatum 10, 321 
ornatur 8, 253 
ornentur 6, 79 
ornos 1, 11 
oro 9, 67. 10, 250 
Orontes 3, 62 
ortu 8, 11 
oryx 11, 140 
oscula 6, 51 367 507 
Osiri 8, 29 
Osiris 6, 541 

ossa 3,259. 8,90146. 15,58 
ossea 5, 53. 11, 134 
ossibus 15, 80 
ostendas 13, 215 
ostendatur 7, 9 
ostende 14, 60 
ostendebat 11, 97 
ostendens 1, 124. 12, 13 
ostendere 8, 2. 16, 10 
ostenderet 10, 53. 11, 107 
ostendis 13, 127 
ostenditl,84,3,151.6, 589 
ostenditque 6, 124 
ostia 4, 43. 8, 171. 9, 105. 
13, 27 



Ostia 11, 49 

ostrea 4, 142. 6, 302. 8, 
85 

Othoni 3, 159. 6, 559 

Othonis2, 99. 14, 324 

otia 6, 394 

ova 3, 202. 11,71 

ovanti 8, 28 

ovem 6, 150 

oves 1, 108 

ovili 6, 529 

ovis 6, 518. 13, 142 

ovo 5, 84. 14, 85 

P. 

Paccl 7, 12 

Paccius 12, 99 

pace 8, 107. 11, 193 

pacem 15, 163 

pacis 6,292. 9,23. 14,72 

pactam 6, 200 

Pactolus 14, 299 

pactum 6, 25 

Pacuvio 12, 125 

Pacuvium 12, 112 

Pacuvius 12, 128 

Paean 6, 172 174 

paene 1, 65. 6, 563. 9, 79 

paenula 5, 79 

paganum 16, 33 

pagina 7, 100. 10, 58 

pago 14, 154 

Falaemon 7, 219 

Palasmonis 6, 452. 7, 215 

palam 2, 136. 10, 334 

Palati2, 106. 4, 31 

palatia 9, 23 

Palatino 6, 117 

palato 10, 203. 11, 11 

Palfurio 4, 53 

pali 6, 247 

palla 10, 262 

Pallante 1, 109 

palleat 1, 43 

pallent 13, 223 

pallentis 3, 175 

pallere 7, 97 

pallet 2, 50. 11, 48 

pallia 6, 236 

pallida 10, 229 

pallidulus 10, 82 

pallidus 5, 87. 7, 115. 10, 

189 
palliolo 3, 95 
pallor 4, 75 
pallorem 15, 101 
palluit 6, 392 
palma 8, 58 
palma 13, 128 
palmaa 1, 118. 15, 76 



500 



VERBAL INDEX 



palmam 6, 323. 11, 179 
palmas 2, 142 
palmes 8, 78 
palpat 1, 35 
palpetur 10, 206 
palpitet 3, 134 
paludati 6, 400 
paludes 10, 276 
palum 6, 267 
palus 3, 307 
pande 1, 150 
pandit 10, 194 
panditur 14, 327 
pane 5, 169. 6, 462. 12, 
60 

panem 2, 107. 5, 67. 10, 

81. 14, 181 
panis 1. 120. 10, 200 277. 

14, 128 
panisque 5, 75 
panni 11, 196. 14, 300 
panniculus 6, 260 
pannis 8, 96 
panno 7, 145 
pannosus 10, 102 
Pansa 8, 95 
papillis 6, 122 
pappas 6, 633 
papyro 4, 24. 7, 101 
par 1, 151. 4, 97. 5, 114. 

7, 96. 8, 98 215. 10, 98. 

12, 4. 13, 59. 15, 113 
para 9, 135 

parabat 10, 105. 14, 88 

parabis 14, 55. 15, 129 

paranda 7, 66 

parant 1, 106 

parante 10, 131 

parantur 6, 465 

parari 8, 213 

paras 6, 26. 14, 48 

parasiti 14, 46 

parasitus 1. 139. 5, 145 

parastis 8, 233 

parat 6, 608. 8, 130. 14, 

273 
parata 6, 207 
paratae 6, 245 
parati 9, 49. 15, 102. 16, 

46 

paratis 6, 16 273 
parato 5, 168. 10, 333 
paratu 14, 13 
paratum 12, 106 
paratur 3,224. 6, 251. 14, 
140 

paratus 3, 106. 5, 56. 9, 

7. 13, 108 
paravi 6, 639 
Parcae 12, 64 
parcas 6, 37 



parcat 6, 208. 14, 287 
parce 6, 172. 8, 117 
parcendum 14, 215 
parcere 1, 18. 5, 156 
parcetur 14, 246 
parcit 15, 159 
parcius 6, 546 
parcus 14, 112 
pardus 8, 36. 11, 123 
parente 14, 9 

parenteral 6, 175. 8, 243. 

14,210 
parentes6, 13. 10,296 305. 

14, 3 
parenti 8, 257 
parentis 7, 209. 8, 45 143. 

9, 87. 14,56 
parenturn 8, 138 
parere 2, 138 

paiere 3,290. 5,64. 10,339. 

12, 107 
pares, noun, 3, 104. 15, 

130 

pares, verh, 14, 200 
paret 11,21 
paretur 4, 131 
pari 15, 53 
pariat 5, 141 
paribus 4, 16 
paribusque 14, 17 
Paridemque 6, 87 
Paridi 7, 87 
Paris 10, 264 

pariter 3, 298. 6, 20 315 
328 349 441 576. 9,109. 

10, 309. 13, 206 
parma 5, 154 
paropside 3, 142 
Parrhasii 8, 102 

pars 1,26. 3, 171. 5,8. 8, 
44. 9, 120. 12, 26 52. 
13, 157. 15, 3 73 133 

parta 14, 303. 16, 52 

partam 10, 116 

parte 3, 194. 6, 437. 7, 43 
114 159 182. 10, 213. 

11, 29 72 101. 12, 48. 
13, 136. 14, 131. 15,85 

partem 4, 29. 12, 110. 13, 

186. 14, 106 
partemque 14, 78 
partes 1, 41. 4, 2. 7, 123 
Parthenio 12, 44 
Parthoque 6, 407 
partibus 4, 148. 9, 32 
participem 3, 52 
particulam 13, 14 
particulas 15, 79 
partis 10, 209. 14, 94 
partitur 3, 121 
partos 13, 25 



partu 2, 138 
partumque 10, 352 
partus, nominative, 6, 626 
partus, genitive, 6, 592 
parva 1, 96. 6, 184 288. 

12, 87. 14, 93 
parva 6, 564. 7, 28 
parvam 8, 33 
parvaque 10, 170 

parvas 6, 2 

parvi 6, 504. 9, 137 

parvis 11, 96. 13, 168. 14, 
319 

paruit 14, 331 

paruni 15, 166 

parumper 4, 62. 10, 250 

parvo 11, 78 

parvoque 14, 5 

parvos 12, 94 

parvula6, 89. 10,340. 15, 
127 

parvulus3, 204. 5, 138 

parvus 8, 108 

pascaris 5, 150 

pascendi 9, 67 

pascendum 7, 76 

pascentis 14, 80 

pasci 12, 28 

pascit 3, 141 

pascitur 9, 136. 12, 105 

pascua9, 55. 12, 13 

pascunt 7, 93 

passer 6, 8. 9, 54 

passi 12, 15 

passis 14, 161. 15, 104 

pnssos 10, 181 

passum, sululantive, 14, 271 

passurus 14, 314 

pastor 8, 275 

pastores 6, 150 

pastoiibus 2, 127 

pastoris 1 1 , 151 

pateant 6, 31 

patella 5, 85 

patella; 10, 64 

patellas3, 261. 6, 344 

patens 1, 65 

patent 3, 275. 6, 640 

pater 2, 126. 6, 51 77 394 
600. 7, 166 239. 8, 109 
269. 9, 86. 10, 130. 13, 
81 84. 14, 99 105 119 
191 255. 16, 54 56 

patere 7, 220 

pateris, verb, 13, 9 143 

paterna 6, 88 

paterni 6, 355 

paternis 12, 89 

paterno 6, 55 57. 11, 39 

patet 2,89. 3, 150. 10, 364 

pathici 2, 99 



TO JUVENAL, 



501 



pathicus 9, 130 

pati 5, 3 25 173. 13, 230 

patiens 1, 31. 7, 33 

patietur 13, 245 

patimur 6, 292 

patinae 4, 72 133 

palitur 1, 77. 3, 279. 5, 

96. 13, 208 
patre 12,98. 16, 52 
patrera 8, 244. 14, 96 167 
patres 4, 64. 6,625. 8, 266 
patri 2, 131. 7, 188 
patria 11 , 161 
patria 3, 29. 4, 24. 10, 50 
patrke 6, 86. 8, 28 244. 

14, 70 71 166 239 
patmeque 3, 123. 6, 111 
patriam 4, 129. 5, 34. 8, 

45. 10, 142. 11, 52 
patriamque 7, 234 
patriamve 6, 575 
patriciae 10, 332 
patricias 4, 102 
patriciorum 8, 190 
patricios 1, 24 
patriis 7, 211 

patrimonia 1, 138. 7, 113. 

10, 13. 12, 50 51. 14, 

116 229 
patris 3, 43. 5, 142. 8, 217 
patruis 1, 158 
patrum 14, 36 
patruo 2, 33 
patruos 6, 567 
patuerunt 4, 63 
patuit 1, 88 
patulaE! 13, 74 
patulas 3, 277 
pauca5, 107.8,108.10,19 
paucre 2, 53 twice. 6, 50. 

15, 54 

pauci 10, 2 112. 11, 55 
paucis 3, 301. 9, 60. 10, 

337. 11, 145. 13,47 
paucissima 14, 155 
paucorum 10, 143 344 
paucos 13, 160 
pavent 6, 189 
pavet 6, 238. 15, 3 
pavidoque 6, 95 
pavidum 10, 87. 13, 222. 

16, 3 
pavidus 11, 158 
pavimentum 14, 60 
paulatim 2, 84. 6, 19. 13, 

188 

paulatimque 1, 83 
Paullique 2, 146 
paulo 6, 227. 9, 114 
paulum 11, 47 
Paulus 7, 143. 8, 21 



pavonem 1, 143 

pauper 3, 145 161. 5, 113. 

6, 72. 9, 147. 11,3. 13, 

96 

paupere 5, 165 
pauperibus 5, 6 1 
pauperis 3,127,299. 14,121 
paupertas 3, 152. 6, 295. 

7, 61 
paupertate 3, 183 
paupertatem 14, 236 
paupertatis 6, 353 
pax 1, 115 
peccandi 13,208 241 
peccant 6, 135 
peccat 8, 141 
peccaturo 14, 49 
peccet 14, 53 
pecorum 11, 41 
pectere 14, 216 
pecteris 6, 27 

peciine 6, 370 382. 9, 30 

pectitque 6, 496 

pectora 6, 551. 7, 65 150. 

15, 170 
peclore 5, 80. 6, 93 96 251. 

11, 28, 13, 198. 14,239 
pectus 13, 127 
pecudem 13, 232 
peculia 3, 189 

pecunia 1, 113. 6, 298. 10, 

12. 11, 46. 13, 34 134. 
14, 139 

pecus6, 4. 8, 62. 12, 41 
pede 6, 159. 10,5. 13, 173 
pedem 10, 30 
pedemque 14, 219 
pedes 7, 143. 8, 228 
pedibus 1, 111. 3, 27. 6, 

350 427. 9, 69 
Pedo 7, 129 
Pegasus 4, 77 
pegma 4, 122 
pejerat 13, 91 
pejeret 13, 36 
pejor 6, 270. 11, 135 
pejora 8, 184. 14, 57 
pejoraque 13, 28 
pejores 2, 19 
pelagi 7, 33. 12, 17 
pelagique 1, 135 
pelago 12, 64 77. 14, 277 
pelagus 6, 90 
pelamydum 7, 120 
Pelea 14, 214 
Peleus 10, 256 
Pelidee 3, 280 
Pellseo 10, 168 
pelle 3, 150 
pellem 10, 192 
pellex 2, 57 



pellibus 6, 7. 14, 187 
pellice 6, 272 627 
pelliculae 1,11 
Pelopea 7, 92 
pelves 3, 277. 6, 441. 10, 
64 

pelvis 6, 431 

penates 14, 320 

pendebat 4, 88 

pendens 10, 134 

pendent 7, 46 

pendente 3, 196. 6, 650 

pendentesque 10, 193 

pendentia 6, 227. 8, 204. 
11, 82 

pendentis 6, 321 

pendentisque 11, 107 

pendere 3, 15. 6, 478 

Penelope 2, 56 

penem 6, 337. 9, 43 

penes 14, 226 

penetrare 5, 106 

penitus5, 95. 6, 474 

pennae 6, 198 

pennas 3, 80. 5, 101 

pensa 12, 65 

pensilibus 1, 159 

pensio 9, 63 

peperit 3, 233. 6, 633 

per 3, 35. 5, 54 77 159. 6, 
244 333. 9, 65 112. 10, 
248. 11, 112.12,75 111. 

14, 53 75 135 186 229. 

15, 56 63 92 
perque7, 132. 13, 81 
peracta 2, 54 
peractS. 6, 485 
peracti 10, 6 
peractis 13, 238 
peracto 12, 86 
peractum 5, 93 
peragat 5, 122 
peragendum 2, 133 
peragentibus 11, 114 
percurram 10, 225 
percussa 10, 149 
percussas 9, 30 
percussit 15, 66 
percusso 14, 286 
percussore 8, 173 
percussum 1, 54. 3, 271. 

12,20. 15,21 
percussus 1, 163. 4, 124 
percutit 11, 196 
perdas 6, 202 
perdere 1, 93. 8, 84 97 
perdidit 3, 209. 10, 228. 

13, 72. 14, 261 
perdita 3, 73 

perditus 5, 130. 8, 212. 

14, 269 



502 



VERBAL INDEX 



pereat 4, 56. 7, 174 222 

225 
peregerit 5, 21 
peregi 6, 640 
peregit 13, 210 
peregrina 4, 127. 8, 225. 

14, 187 
peregrinos 6, 298 
pereundum 10, 339 
pereuntem 6, 362 
perf'ectissimus 2, 5 
perferat 6, 261 
perfide 9, 82 
perfidiam 13, 24 
perfidus 13, 245 
perfiixit 7, 194 
perfundit 5, 86 
perfusa 6, 303. 14, 66 
pergant 14, 122 
pergere 10, 154 
pergit 16, 40 
pergula 11 , 137 
perhibent 4, 17 
Peribomius 2, 16 
pericli 6, 94 

pericula 3, 8 268. 8, 249. 

II, 76. 12, 82. 14, 314 
perierunt 3, 124 
periit 4, 153. 6, 476. 10, 

11 

perimit 7, 151 
perit3,260. 6, 563. 8, 85. 

11, 190 
perit 6, 295. 10, 118 
perituraj 1, 18. 6, 435 
perituram 11, 17 
perituri 6, 44 
perituro 11, 107 
perituros 10, 81 
peritus 1, 128. 6, 586 
perjuri 13, 174 
perjuria 8, 82. 14, 218 
perlege 14, 192 
perlucente 11, 13 
perluces 2, 78 
permixtum 8, 171 
permittas 14, 234 
permittes 10, 347 
permittit 6, 457 
permutatque 6, 225 
permutatio 6, 653 
perniciosa 10, 54 
pernoctantis 14, 46 
pernox 8, 10 
Perone 14, 186 
perores 2, 67 
perpetua 13, 211 
perpetuam 15, 164 
perpetui 3, 35 
perpetuo 10, 33 245 
perpetuum 7, 208 



perpetuus 5, 151 

Persica 14, 328 

Persice 11, 57 

Persicus 3, 221 

persona 3, 96. 4, 15 

persomu 3, 175 

personam 6, 70. 8, 229 

pertulit 6, 93 392. 8, 209 

pertunde 7, 26 

pertundite 6, 46 

pertusa 5, 131 

pervenit 5, 62. 9, 78 

pervia 12, 80 

pervigiles 8, 158 

pervigilique 15, 43 

pervolat 1, 60 

pervolet 6, 398 

pes 11, 128 

pessima 9, 120 

peste 4, 84 

petasunculus 7, 119 

pet as 7, 162 

Petauro 14, 265 

petebas 9, 114 

petente 6, 575 

petere 15, 150 

petimus 10, 352 

petit 1, 121 123. 5, 108. 6, 

535. 7, 99 233. 8, 51. 

12, 80 
petita 12, 104 
petitas 6, 527. 9, 149 
petitis 14, 89 
petitos 6, 603 
petitur 5, 50 
petitus 10, 1 10. 11, 147 
Petosiiis 6, 581 
petulans 3, 278. 6, 297. 

12, 5 
petunt 3, 71 
petuntur 10, 8 54 
pexi 11, 150 
Phoeaca 15,23 
Phaeacum 5, 151 
Phoecasianorum 3, 218 
phalanges 2, 46 
Phalaris 8, 81 
phalas 6, 590 
phaleris 11, 103. 16, 60 
pharetrata 2, 108 
pharetramque 13, 80 
pharetns 6, 138 
Pharioque 13, 85 
Pharon 6, 83. 12, 76 
phaselis 15, 127 
Pbasma 8, 186 
phialas 5, 39 
Phialen 10, 238 
Phidiacum 8, 103 
Philippi 13, 125 
Philippica 10, 125 



Philomela 7, 92 

philtra 6, 611 

Phoebi 7. 233 

phoenicopterus 11, 139 

Pholo 12, 45 

phrenesis 14, 136 

Phrygia 6, 516 

Phrygiaque 14, 307 

Phrygibus 7, 236. 12, 73 

Phrygio 2, 115 

Phryx 6, 585. 11, 147 

phthisis 13, 95 

pia 13, 116 

piacula 12, 120 

piandum 13, 54 

Picenis 11 , 74 

Picens 4, 65 

Pico 8, 131 

picta 3, 66. 14, 302 

pictaj 6, 482. 10, 38. 15, 

128 
pictas 8, 157 
pictor 3, 76 
pictores 12, 28 
pictosque 8, 2 
pictura 6, 340 
Pieria 7, 8 
Pierides 4, 36 
Pierio 7, 60 
piger 12, 12 
piget 14, 199 
pignerat 7, 73 
pigoeribus 9, 141 
pignus 6, 27 
pigra 8, 248 
pigri 5, 23 
pigriS 8, 34 
pila 10, 94 
pilo9, 15 
pilosas 14, 194 
pingat 9, 146 
piogitque 2, 94 
pingue 14, 270 
pingues 4, 44. 9, 28 
pinguia 3, 247. 6, 462 573 
pinguior 12, 11 
pinguis 5, 105. 8, 147 
pinguissimus 1 1, 65 
pinna 3, 118 
pinn?i4, 149 
Pinnirapi 3, 158 
piunis 14, 76 
pinum 3, 255 
pinus 3, 307 
piperisque 14, 293 
piratas 8, 94 
Pisaeae 13, 99 
piscator 4, 26 

piscem 4, 50. 5, 86 96. 

15, 7 
pisci 4, 72 



TO JUVENAL. 



503 



piscibus 13, 66 
piscis 4, 26. 11, 36 
Piso 5, 109 
Pittacon 2, 6 
placabo 12, 89 
placant 2, 86 
placeas 10, 167 
placeat 10, 42 338 
placentas 1 1 , 59 
ulaces 6, 276 

placet 3, 135. 6,33 38 577. 

8, 158 
placidi 1, 21 
placitum 16, 49 
placuil3,160. 7,149. 16,53 
plagarum 14, 19 
plana 3, 96 
plana 13, 128 
planctus 10, 261 
plangentis 6, 534 
planguntur 13, 131 
planipedes 8, 191 
planta 3, 247. 5, 125. 6, 

507. 14, 272 
planlae 13, 98 
plantaribus 13, 123 
plantas 3, 227 
plantis 6, 96 
planum 12, 62 
platani 1, 12 
plaudat 3, 157 
plaudendum 1, 146 
plaustra 3, 256 
plausuque 11, 163 
plebe 8, 47 49 256 
plebeia 6, 516. 8, 254 
plebeiae 8, 254 
plebeios 11, 145 
plebeiis 6, 69 
plebeium 6, 588 
plebisl, 26. 11, 194 
plectro 6, 384 
plena 1,5 33. 2, 4. 3, 187. 

4,47. 5, 66. 8, 100. 10, 

191. 13, 135 
plena 6, 426 
plenaeque 10, 242 
pleni 10, 128 

pleno 3, 263. 6, 364. 10, 

232. 14, 138 
plenos 15, 20 58 
plenum 14, 276 
plenumque 8, 72 
plenus 12, 30 
plerumque 11, 46 
plorante 5, 158. 9, 77 
plorantesque 6, 86 
plorare 15, 134 
ploras 1, 50 
plorat 6, 272 
ploratur 13, 134 
plorent 14, 150 



pluit 7, 179 
plumaque 6, 88 
plumbo 14, 310 
plumis 1, 159. 10, 362 
plura 2, 45. 3, 220. 9, 39 

58. 13, 57. 14, 173 
plures 2. 79. 3,315. 7, 167. 

8, 107. 10, 12 
plurima 4, 119. 5, 130. 8, 

58. 9, 118. 10, 196. 12, 

28. 13, 187. 14, 1. 15, 78 
pluiimum 14, 73 
plunmus 3, 232 
pluris 7, 144 178. 8, 258. 

11, 16. 14, 201 
plus 1, 108. 3, 180. 6, 181 

251 388. 7, 78 99 twice. 

10, 72 302 315. 11, 68. 

13, 176. 14, 276. 16, 4 
pluteum 2, 7 
Pluton 13, 50 
pluvia 3, 202 
pluviis 4, 87 

pocula 1, 76. 5, 26 43 52 
129. 6, 633. 8, 177 217. 

10, 26. 11, 102. 13, 148 
podagram 13, 96 

podice 2, 12 

podium 2, 147 

poemata 10, 124 

poena 1, 142. 6, 537. 10, 

243. 13, 52 90 175 196 
poena 10, 287. 13, 247 
pcenam 15, 129 
pcenas 3, 279. 6, 478. 10, 

84 187 312. 13, 208 
pcenis 8, 268 
pceniteat 10, 6 
pcenitet 1, 170 
pcenituit 7, 203 
Pceno 10, 155 
poeta 1, 14 

poeta3 7, 3 78. 14, 206 
poetas 3, 9 
poetica 12, 23 
pol 5, 10 

pollice 3, 36. 7, 237 

pollicitus 9, 74 

Pollio 6, 387. 7, 176. 9, 7. 

11, 43 
Pollitas 2, 68 
polluit 8, 218 
pollutus 2, 29 
Polycleti 3, 217. 8, 103 
Polyphemi 9, 64 
Polyphemus 14, 20 
Polyxena 10, 262 
poma 5, 150 

pomis 6, 18 
pomceria 9, 1 1. 
pompa 10, 281 
Pompeio 10, 283 



Pompeios 10, 108 

Pompeius 4, 1 10 

Pomtina 3, 307 

ponamus 13, 1 1 

ponant 13, 86 

ponas 8, 133. 9, 81 

ponat 10, 358 

ponatur 9, 40 

pondera 1, 29 

pondere 3, 271. 6, 262. 7, 

207. 13, 49. 15, 66 
pone, verb, 1, 155. 5, 135. 

6, 172 219 347. 7, 114. 

8, 22 88 89 195 228. 

10, 65. 11, 189 190 
ponebant 11, 109 
ponebat 11, 79 
ponendaque 3, 56 
ponendi 14, 260 
ponendum 13, 141. 14, 203 
ponente 16, 45 
ponentur 5, 146 

ponere 5, 45 73. 7, 149. 

11, 84 
ponere 5, 126 
poni 5, 51 
ponimus 13, 117 
ponit 1, 141. 8, 238 
ponitur 5, 85. 14, 83 
pono 10, 156. 12, 94 
pons 5, 8. 6, 32 
ponte 4, 116. 14, 134 
Ponti 4, 43. 10, 273 
Pontia 6, 638 
Pontica 6, 661 
Pontice 8, 1 75 179 
Ponticus 14, 114 
Pontifices 6, 604 
Pontifici 4, 46 

ponunt 6, 309 476. 14, 99 

popano 6, 541 

popina 8, 172 

popinae 11, 81 

popinas 8, 158 

poplitibus 6, 263 

poposcit 1, 82. 6, 125 

Poppaeana 6, 462 

poppysma 6, 584 

populariter 3, 37 

populi 2, 162. 6, 534. 8, 

189. 15, 39. 16, 43 
populis 15, 130 
populo 2, 67. 3, 15. 8, 189 

211. 9, 117. 10, 62 341. 

14. 42 

populoque 3, 256. 14, 70 
populorum 13, 148 
populos6, 410. 10, 150. 15, 
169 

populosque 4, 83 
populum 1, 46 72. 3, 178. 

15, 23 151 



504 



VERBAL INDEX 



populus 2, 73. 3, 244. 7, 
243. 8, 29. 10, 74. 14, 
115 100. 15, 31 113 

porcae 2, 86 

porci 2,80. 10,355. 13,117 
porcis 6, 160. 15, 22 
porcum 6, 447 
porrectaque 12, 76 
porrectura 1, 70 
porrexerit 6, 632 
porrexit 5, 67 
porri 14, 133 
porrigat 3, 267. 8, 208 
porrige 6, 598 
poniget 11, 146 
porrigine 2, 80 
porrigit 6, 43 607 
porro 3, 126. 6, 240. 7, 98. 
11, 9 

porrum 3, 293. 15, 9 
porta 11, 124. 16, 3 
portabit 6, 528 
porta? 8, 160. 13, 27 
portandum 3, 32 
portante 10, 260 
portaret 10, 158 
portarum 8, 261. 15, 158 
portas 1, 143. 6, 409. 7, 

42. 10, 155 
portat 3, 252 257 
portatur 10, 42 
portenta 15, 2 
portes 10, 19 
Porthmea 3, 266 
porticibus 4, 6. 6, 163 
porticibusne 6, 60 
porticus7, 178. 12, 101. 14, 

66 

portio 3, 61. 9, 128 
portis 15, 6 
porto 3, 28 

portus3,31. 12,78. 14,275 
poscas 1, 98. 3, 102. 5,65. 

10, 354 

posce 7,24. 9,64. 10,357. 

11, 148. 14, 193 
poscebat 10, 105 
poscentem 5, 48 
poscentibus 14, 208 
poscere 3. 42. 8, 246 
posceret 14, 313 
posces 11, 148 

poschnus 5, 112. 7, 71. 9, 

129 
poscis 9, 63 

poscit 3, 198. 6, 579 624. 

11, 30 
poscitque 6, 149 
poscunt 14, 318 
Posides 14, 91 
posita est 7, 47 
posits 1,90.6, 320. 10,267 



positas 12, 75. 13, 149 

positis2,74. 3, 191. 6,264. 

9, 141. 15, 42 
posito 11, 69. 13, 39 
positos 7, 26 
positum est 6, 588 
positus 4, 77. 9, 52 
posse 6, 41. 10, 49 97. 12, 

21 

possederis 14, 159 
possem 6, 282. 14, 211 
posset 4, 90 

possideat 10, 225. 12, 129 

possideo 1, 108 

possidet 3, 141 

possis 3, 272 229. 5, 152. 

10,363. 11,206. 13,112. 

14, 150 
possum 3, 44 60 
possunt 6, 595 
post 5, 116 148. 6, 15 499 

504 568. 7, 142 163. 8, 

97. 9, 125. 11, 42. 12, 

124. 13, 16. 14, 55 158 

190. 15,99 
posteiitas 1, 148. 8, 62 
postes 6, 79. 9, 104 
posthac 7, 18. 8, 7 
post ha?c 2, 62. 8, 247 
postibus 6, 52 
postquam 13, 161 
postremo 11, 91 
postulat 7, 243 
Postume 6, 21 28 376 
posuere 2, 85. 11, 76 
posuit 13, 30 241 
posuitque 6, 359 
potanda 6, 9 
potare 9, 1 16 
potat 5, 30 
potatis 5, 52 
potens 1, 69. 14, 39 
potentia 7, 200. 10, 56 
potentior 10, 303 
poterant 15, 105 
potes 3, 223. 5, 3 171. 6, 

30. 13, 14 
potestas4, 71. 10, 100 
potio 6, 624 
potiores 10, 360 
potius 1, 19. 4, 150. 6,398 

489.7,10 148 181.13,113 
praebeat 5, 107. 6, 32 
praebebis 5, 172 
praebebit 6, 584 
prsebenda 10, 345 
picebere2, 142. 3, 33 
pi ceberet 6, 3 
pra>bet3, 147. 10,270 
praebuit 1 1 , 157 
praecedant 8, 23 
aecedentia 10, 44 



praecedere 13, 58 
praicedit 13, 108 
prrccepit 14, 227 
prasceps 10, 107 160 
praicepta 13, 19. 14, 189. 

15, 107 
praeceptorum 7, 209 
praeceptori 7, 230 
piaecipit 14, 16 
praecipitans 15, 78 
praecipitare 12, 38 
praecipitat 10, 56 
pra?cipitem 3, 129. 8, 135 
praecipites 6, 649. 10, 85 
piaecipili 1, 149. 4, 149 
praecipuam 4, 19 
praecipue 3, 59. 7, 109. 9, 

119 

praecipuis 13, 220 
praecipuum 6, 532 
prancipuus 6, 557 
praeclara 5, 42. 10, 97 
prasclaro 8, 31 
praeclarum 3, 217 
praeco 6, 439 
praecone 1 , 99 
praeconem 8, 96 
prascones 7, 6 
preeconis 3, 157 
prxcordia 1, 167. 6, 621. 

13, 181. 14, 35 
prasda 11, 193. 14, 82 
praedam 14, 85 
praedamque 4, 58 
praedarum 11, 101 
praedia 9, 54 
praEdivcs 14, 305 
praedivitis 10, 16 
prasfecti 4, 78 
praefectos 7, 92 
praefectura 6, 486 
praeferre 6, 117. 8, 83 139 

212. 12, 49 
prcegnans 1, 122 
praegnantem 2, 55. 6, 405 
praegustaret 6, 660 
praegustet 6, 633 
praelata 12, 71 
pradatus 5, 45 
praslia 1, 91. 4, 112. 6, 

258. 7, 27 128. 12, 110. 

13, 172. 14, 162 
prasmaturi 11, 44 
praemia 3, 56. 6, 321. 8, 

92 119. 10,142. 16,1 35 
prasmordet 7, 218 
Praaneste 3, 190 
Praenestinis 14, 88 
praeponere 10, 92 
praapono 3, 5 
pra:putia 6, 238. 14, 99 
prsesens 1, 142 



TO JUVENAL. 



505 



praesente 6, 400 
praesentibus 11, 202 
pra;sentior 11, 111 
praesepia 8, 157 
praesepibus 1, 59 
praesertim 15, 109 
prssidia 7, 23. 12, 56 
praesidium 3, 239 
praestabat 6, 287. 9, 14 
praestant 6, 97 539 
preestantibus 15, 75 
praestantius 3, 18 
prasstare 3, 188. 6, 252. 8, 

170. 9,7. 11, 115. 15, 

150 

praestatS, 136. 12, 86.13,99 
prasstatur 16, 49 
praestem 11, 57 
prajstent 6, 480. 7, 106 
praesto, verb, 14, 212 
praeter 8, 146 
praeterea 3, 109 
praetereunte 3, 275 
praeteriit 14, 214 
praeterit 6, 307 
piaeterita 10, 235 
praetexta 10, 35 
praetextam 10, 99 
praetextatos 2, 170 
praetextatum 10, 308 
praetextatus 1, 78 
praetor 3, 128 213. 11, 193 
prastorem 10, 36 
praetori 1, 101. 16, 10 
praetoria 1, 75. 10, 161 
praetoribus 6, 380 
prcetoris 8, 194. 13, 4. 14, 
257 

prastulit 6, 112 
pragmaticorum 7, 123 
prandebat 13, 46 
prandente 10, 178 
prandet 6, 101 
pravam 8, 33 
pravis 1 4, 41 
precor 6, 170 172 
premat 1, 46 
premetur 14, 221 296 
premit 3, 244. 6, 502. 7, 
132 

pressit 1, 43. 6, 621 
pressoque 5, 160 
pressum 2, 107 
pretiis 8, 65. 11, 15 
pretio 3, 184. 4, 25. 5, 56. 

9, 71. 14, 145 
pretiosa 13, 214 
pretiosior 6, 157 
pretium 6, 474. 7, 96 119. 

9, 28. 12, 127. 13, 105. 

14, 281 



Priamus 10, 258 
Priapi 6, 316 
Priapo 2, 95 

prima 3, 26. 6, 298 408 
467 498. 8, 24 268. 9, 
81. 10, 23. 13, 2 189. 
15, 51 90 

prima 6, 204. 8, 166. 10, 
126. 11, 184 

primaque 13, 59 

primi 15, 168 

primis 8, 121 

prirao 1, 95. 2, 133. 4, 142. 

5, 12. 13, 224 
primoribus 15, 40 
primos 6, 24. 7, 195. 10, 

261. 13, 146 
primum 6, 577 
primum 2, 4 44. 6,371. 7, 

141. 8, 68. 14, 85. 16, 7 
primus 4, 75. 8, 61 274. 

10, 258 
princeps 4, 32. 13, 138 
principe 8, 198 
principio 15, 148 
principis 6, 617. 8, 224. 

10, 76 93 341 
principium 6, 245 
prior 1, 102 twice. 3, 81 130 

244. 8, 153 
priori 9, 21 

priorum 1, 151. 6, 635 

priscum 4, 102 

privata 6, 1 14 

privatis 4, 66 

privato 12, 107 

privatus 1, 16. 13, 41 

privignoque 6, 134 

privignum 6, 628 

prius 1, 97 168. 14, 148 

priusquam 13, 38 

pro 1, 124. 5, 391. 8, 112 

255.9, 117 148. 10, 192. 

12, 98. 14, 306. 15, 

108 

proavis 15, 152 

proavorum 3, 312 

proavum 8, 134 

probat 7, 204 

probata? 11, 163 

probavit 10, 70. 13, 205 

probitas 1, 74 

procedat 3, 138 

procerem 8, 26 

proceres 2, 121. 3, 213. 4, 

72 144. 7, 90 
processus 1, 39 
Procbytam 3, 5 
proclames 2, 75 
Procne 6, 644 
procubuit 3, 257 
3 T 



procul 2, 88. 3, 89. 12, 5. 

14, 45 twice. 16, 17 25 
Procula 3, 203 
Proculas 2, 68 
Proculeius 1, 40. 7, 94 
prodere 9, 115. 13, 23 
prodest 2, 141 142. 8, 1 
prodiderim 9, 97 
prodiga6, 362. 7, 138. 10, 

304 
prodigia 6, 84 
prodigio 4, 97 
prodisiosa 13, 62 
piodita 8,261 
producat 8, 271 
producere 6, 241, 7, 146. 

16, 32 

producit 2, 94. 6, 609. 14, 
228 

produxere 15, 94 
produxerit 15, 32 
produxisse 15, 166 
produxit 8, 266 
profanae 2, 89 
profer 1, 126 
proferat 6, 570 
proferet 7, 153 
proferre 4, 91. 14, 142 
proficis 13, 18 
profuit 4, 99. 10, 324 
profundi 13, 49 
progenies 14, 84 
probibente 11, 7 
prole 13, 206 
proles 8, 56 
proludunt 5, 26 
promere 15, 73 
Promethea 8, 133 
Prometheus 4, 133. 15, 85 
promisitque 7, 84 
promissa 12, 2 
promissus 11, 60 
promittant 12, 101 
promittente 16, 12 
promittere 3, 43. 13, 233. 

6, 388 
promittunt 2, 12 
promovimus 2, 160 
promlius 10, 220 
promtus 3, 74 
prona 15, 147 
proni 3, 192 
pronum 9, 43. 13, 75 
pronus 6, 48 
procemia 3, 288 
prope 9, 106 
propera 4, 67. 6, 148 
properabat 4, 76 94 
properabo 3, 59 
properant 6, 430 
properante 3, 264 



506 



VERBAL INDEX 



properantem S, 319 
properantibus 3, 243 
properantis 14, 178 
properare 6, 330 
properat4,59. 6,488. 14, 78 
properate 4, 134 
propinat 5, 127 
propinquas 1, 71 
propinqui 14, 236 
propinquis 8, 219. 13, 207 
propinquo 8, 72. 14, 6 
propior 6, 510 
proponere 4, 46 
proponimus 3, 24 
propositi 5, 1 

propositum 9, 21. 10, 325 

proposui 8, 125 

propria 14, 80 

propter 1, 141. 5, 19 76. 

6, 104 469. 7, 39. 8, 41 

84. 9, 87 118. 10, 55. 

11, 150. 12, 50 51. 14, 

22 274 

prora 5, 89. 10, 186. 12,69 
prorsus 6, 249 
proseucha 3, 296 
prosit 4, 36 

prosperal0,97. 12, 63. 16,2 

prospiciunt 6, 360 

prostantis 1, 47 

prostare 3, 65 

prostat 9, 24 

prostitit 6, 123 

prostitui 8, 226 

protegere 1 1, 33. 15, 155 

protegit 8, 250 

protenus 3, 140. 4, 48. 7, 

165. 11, 188. 13, 176. 

14, 123. 16, 27 
Protogenes 3, 120 
protuleratque 10, 30 
protulit 6, 23 
provehit 16, 57 
provida 10, 283 
provincia 1,50. 4, 26. 5, 

97. 8, 87 
provocat 6, 321 376 
provocet 1 , 24 
proxima 5, 96. 6, 529. 10, 

126. 13, 228 
proximus 4, 94. 6, 290. 9, 

108 

prudens 4, 113 

prudentia 10, 48 365. 12, 

32. 14, 315 
prudentissima 3, 86 
pruinis 4, 56. 5, 50 
pruna 3, 83 
prurigo 6, 327 
prurire 11, 163 
prurit 6, 578 



psaltria 6, 337 
Psecas 6, 491 494 

6» 195 
pube 8, 256 

publica 6, 335 587. 7, 53. 

10, 284 
publicus 10, 41 312 
pudeat 2, 42. 11, 202 
pudendis 8, 139 183 
pudet 3, 168 321. 5, 1. 12, 

8. 14, 185 
pudicam 6, 137 
pudici 6, 49 

Pudicitiie6,14 308. 10,298 
Pudicitiani 6, 1 
pudicus 3, 111. 6, 193 
pudor 2, 110. 3, 60 154. 

10, 329. 14, 178 
pudorem 2, 39. 6, 252 357. 

11, 55. 16, 34 
pudori 8, 83 
pudoris 11, 154 
puella 6, 258 

puellae 2, 59. 3, 160. 4, 35 

114. 6, 494. 11, 164 200. 

13,80. 14,45 209 
puellam 6, 354. 8, 33. 9, 74 
puellares 15, 137 
puellas 1, 84. 3, 65. 4, 36. 

6, 127. 9, 128 
puellis6, 191. 10,289 
puer 1, 61. 5, 61. 7, 69. 9, 

64. 10, 216. 11, 146 154. 

13, 43 56. 14, 45 192 
pueri 2, 152. 3, 156. 6, 173 

404 552. 7, 32 226. 8, 

234. 9, 41. 10, 353. 12, 

83. 14, 48 180 
pueriles 15, 59 
pueris 2, 168. 6, 111 599. 

8, 167. 10, 167 289. 12, 

117. 14, 3 208 
puerisque 6, 639 
puero 1,54.5, 164.10, 302. 

11, 59. 13, 65. 14, 11 47 
puerorum 7, 240. 9, 68 
pueros 3, 264. 4, 122. 5, 

141. 6, 151 272. 7, 133 

177. 14, 228 
puerpera 6, 594 
puerum 9, 46 
pugillares 11, 156 
pugna 5, 29 
pugnacis 5, 57 
puenam 7, 173. 8, 132. 15, 

74 

pugnamus 16, 47 
pugnantera 8, 201 
pugnanti 12, 4 
pugnare 8,210 
pugnas 4, 121 



pugnis 3, 300. 13, 127 
pugnos 15, 58. 16,30 
pulcer 7, 190 

pulcerrima 11, 56. 12, 38 
116 

pulcra 10, 345 

pulcra 10, 292 

pulcrior 10, 196 

pulcris 1, 137 

pulcro 1, 127. 16, 57 

pulcrum 9, 47 

pulcrumque 4, 54 

pullati 3, 213 

pulli 6, 616. 13, 142 

pullorum 6, 551 

pullos 14, 74 

pullulet 6, 363 

pullus 10, 231 

pulmentaria 7, 185 

pulmo 4, 128 

pulmone 6, 549 659 

pulmonem 10, 33 

pulpita 3, 174. 6, 78. 7,93. 

8, 195 225. 14, 257 
puis 16, 39 
pulsandum 5, 171 
pulsantis 9, 62 
pulsare 6, 612. 16, 8 
pulsari 6, 442 
pulsas 2, 130. 3, 289 
pulsat 6, 193 
pulsatus 3, 300 
pulsetur 16, 9 
pultes 11, 58 
pultibus 14, 171 
pulvere 7, 48. 10,37. 11, 

198 

pulvinar 6, 132 

pulvino 3, 154 

pulvis 8, 61 

pumice 8, 16. 9, 95 

Punica 14, 161 

punire 8,235. 13, 101. 16,13 

punit 6, 492 

pupilli 1, 47. 6, 629 

pupillos 10,223 

pupillura 15, 135 

puppe 12, 79. 14, 267 

puppim 6, 102 

puppis 12, 31 

puri 9, 141. 10, 19 

purpura 1, 106. 7. 134 135. 

11, 155. 14, 188 
purpuream 12, 39 
purpureus 4, 31 
pusillas 14, 29 
pusilli 10, 121 
pusillos 15, 70 
pusio 6, 34 35 
puta 2, 153. 5, 7 
putabas 9, 47. 10, 337 



TO JUVENAL. 



507 



putabat 4, 80 

putant 13, 232. 14, 98 

putarent 7, 5 

putares 2, 122 

putaret 12, 21 

putaris 10, 344 

putas 6,34.7,22.9.1103. 13,5 

putat 3, 51. 5, 162. 6, 185 

457. 13, 91. 14, 17 115 

121. 15, 108 
putavit 6, 390. 15, 23 82 
putemus 4, 28 
putere 11, 121 
putes 3, 75. 5,2. 6, 41. 10, 

330. 13, 193. 14, 223 
putet 1, 58. 8, 57. 13, 36 
puteusque 3, 226 
putres 13, 95 
putrique 14, 132 
pygargus 11, 138 
Pygmaea 6, 506 
Pygmaeus 13,168 
Pylades 16, 26 
Pylius 10, 246 
Pyrenaeum 10,1 1 
Pyrrha 1, 84 
Pyrrha 15, 30 
Pyrrhum 14, 162 
pyrum 11, 73 
Pythagoras 15, 173 
Pythagoreis 3, 229 
Pythia 13, 199 
pytismate 11, 173 
pyxide 2, 141. 13,25 

Q. 

Qua 2, 157. 5, 120. 7, 22 
quadra 5, 2 
quadrans 7, 8 
quadrante 6, 447 
quadrantes 1, 121 
quadrijuges 7, 126 
quadringenta 1, 106. 2, 117. 

5, 132. 14, 326 
quadringentis 11, 19 
quadrivio 1, 64 
qua? 2, 38 42 60 134 162 &c. 
qufficumque 7, 152. 13, 89. 

14, 188 
quaedam 6, 184 451. 8, 

166. 14, 123. 15, 107 
quaenam 6, 494 
quaeque 6, 406. 10, 349. 

12, 116 
quaeramus 14, 181 
quadras 10, 219. 11,29. 15, 

89 

quaerat 9, 112. 14, 58 
quaere 8, 172. 14, 252 
quaerebat 13, 202 



quasrendi 6, 501 
qua±ris 2, 134. 5, 19 
quaerit 7, 21. 9, 92. 10, 

253. 14, 207 
quaaritur 6, 46 333 
quasro 2, 76. 3, 296 
quaerunt 11, 14. 14, 76 
quaesita 15, 63 
quaesitum 13, 25. 14, 104 
quaesitus 1 , 164 
quaeso 6, 393. 12, 128 
quasstio 3, 141. 7, 156 
quale 2, 57. 5, 36. 6, 255 
qualem5,l47.7,56.9,3 13. 

10,293. 13, 111. 15, 141 
qualemcunque 1, 80 
quales 1, 80. 3, 39. 4, 28. 

JO, 194. 11, 72 155 
quali 10, 157. 15, 65 
qualia 5, 151. 15, 1 
qualiacumque 6, 547. 15, 49 
qualibet 14, 205 
qualis 2, 29. 4, 82. 5, 24. 

7, 68. 10, 157 179 185. 
11, 94 99 

qualisque 10, 353 
quarn 10, 84 
quamquam 2, 4. 4, 79 
quaravis 1, 103. 5, 5 
quando 1, 87. 3, 21 162 
173. 5, 40 62 93 127. 

6, 139. 8, 80. 9,147.11, 
182. 12, 23. 13, 102 

quandoque 2, 82. 5, 172. 
14,51 

quandoquidem 1, 112. 10, 

146. 13, 129 
quanta 1, 91 140. 6, 262. 

8, 92 119 

quanta 1, 45. 4, 6. 13, 76 
quantalibet 7, 81 
quantas 1, 11 

quanti 3, 225. 6, 365 626. 

7, 45 176 twice. 8, 192 
quanticumque 7, 184 
quantis 4, 5. 10, 190 
quanto 3, 18 249 271. 5, 

67. 6,262. 8, 141. 9, 70. 

10, 14 40. 11, 24. 13, 

32. 14, 258 312 
quautula 6,254. 10, 173 
quantulacumque 13, 183 
quantulum 6, 151 
quantum 1, 118. 3, 132 

143.4,109.6, 37. 7, 104 

124 165216. 8, 241 twice. 

9, 59 117. 10, 251. 11, 
26. 12, 129. 13,113. 14, 
139 160 233 239 318 
319 320. 15, 45. 

quantumvis 8, 15 



quantus 5, 133 134. 6,317 

318. 14, 239 
quare 6, 136 202 492. 9, 1 
quarta 9, 17 
quartanam 4, 57 
quascumque 10, 312 
quasi 13, 225 
quassas 2, 130 
quassatum 5, 48 
quatenus 12, 102 
quater 7, 122 
quatiente 13, 195 
quatiere 13, 171 
quatit 12, 5 

quatuor 5, 47. 12, 59. 13, 

58. 14, 168 
queas 14, 257 
queat 1,29. 8, 45. 10, 359. 

16, 1 

quern 2, 38 132. 14, 231 
quemcurnque 14, 210 
quemdam 2, 36 
quemlibet 3, 37 
quemquam 10,96. 12, 130. 

13, 249 
quemque 3, 250 
quemvis 3, 75 
queratur 10, 251 
quercum 6, 387 
quercus 14, 184 
querebar 5, 51 
querela 13, 135 
querelas 16, 19 
querelas 9, 94 
querentes 2, 24 
quereris 2, 131. 13, 71 
queritur 6, 36 
qui 2, 3 17 19 30 84 152. 

10, 353. 11,33. 13, 141. 

15, 119 
quia 11, 207 

quibusdam 3, 281. 15, 15 
quicumque 7, 18. 15, 71 
quid 1,9. 2, 65 twice! 5115 
125134153 154155166. 
3, 259 291. 4, 14. 5, 18. 
6, 41 191 308. 8, 179 
199 231. 9, 3 67. 10, 
213. 11,33 580. 15, 115. 
quid quod 3,86 147. 6, 45. 

10, 208 
quid refert 1, 154. 4, 5 
quid si 8, 183. 10, 36 
quidam 6, 361. 12, 50. 14, 

96. 15, 77 
quidem 2, 11 159. 6, 153 
184. 8, 149. 11, 7. 12, 
26 107. 13, 19. 15, 27 
quidnam 4, 130. 10, 329 
quidni 10, 95 
quidquam 8, 232. 10, 246 



508 



VERBAL INDEX 



quidquid 1, 85. 4, 54. 6, 

466 520 553 598 632 
643. 7, 162. 8, 95. 9, 97 
114.10,174 344.11,188 
189. 13, 83. 15,93 

quiescit 1, 126 

quiescunt 13, 218 

quin 11, 133. 12, 112 

quingenta 6, 137 

Qumquatribus 10, 115 

quinque 1, 105. 6, 230. 7, 
121. 9, 41. 11, 206 

Quintiliane 6, 280 

Quintiliano 7, 186 

Quintilianus 6, 75. 7, 189 

Quintillae 7, 75 

quippe 5, 64. 6, 1 1 

quique 10, 250. 14, 266 

Quirine 3, 67 

Quirini 2, 133. 8, 259 

Quirinos 1 1, 105 

Quiritem 8, 47 

Quirites 3, 60 163. 10, 45 
109 

quis 1, 30. 2, 6 8 24 25. 6, 

247. 8, 211. 16, 1 
qins 3, 31 

quisnam 10, 69. 13, 243. 

15, 103 
quisquam 8, 196. 10, 184. 

11, 148 
quisque 1, 41. 3, 143. 12, 

20. 13, 46 
quisquis 6, 211. 8, 274. 10, 

116 254. 14, 227 
quo i. e. quorsum, 8, 9 142 

144 

quo 2, 22 67 100. 14, 135. 
15, 61 

quocumque 3, 156 230. 6, 
412. 8, 27 60 134. 14, 
42 117 277 

quod 2, 43 108 138 139. 6, 
413 

quodcumque 1, 152. 7, 217. 

13, I 92. 14, 102 
quominus 6, 334 
quondam 3, 34 313. 4, 24. 

6, 288. 11, 83. 13, 38 
200 

quoniam 3, 114. 6, 555. 

14, 40 
quoquam 13, 36 
quorum 14, 241 
quos2, 115 163 
quoscumque 10, 359 
quosclara 16, 56 317 
quota 3, 61. 13, 157 
quotiesl,165. 2,2 156. 3,40 
quum 2, 9 32 66 101. 6, 

307 



R. 

Rabida 15, 163 

rabidam 6, 428 

rabie 6,648. 13,225.15,126 

radat 13, 151 

radere 6, 105. 14, 7 

radiant 6, 381 

radiat 6, 205 

radios 13, 78 

ramice 10, 205 

ramos 6, 228. 12, 91 

ramus 13, 99 

ranarum 3, 44 

ranas 2, 150 

rancidius 6, 1 85 

rancidula 1 1, 135 

rapere 6, 414 

rapiat 7, 183 

rapienda 1, 96. 15, 39 

rapientem 14, 245 

rapit 6, 373. 8, 135 

rapitu.8,147.10,332. 14,232 

rapta 4, 76 

raptore 7, 168 

raptos 4, 122 

raptum 10, 256. 15, 85 

raptura 8, 130 

rapturus 1 , 34 

raplusque 13, 169 

rapui 9, 75 

rapuit 10, 308. 12, 129 
rara 6, 165. 7, 145 228. 

8, 63. 10, 297. 13, 8 
rara 1 1 , 82 
ra.ae 8, 104 
rari 6, 179. 13, 26 
rarior 7, 202. 11,208 
rarum 2, 113. 5, 15 
rarus2, 14. 8,27 73. 10, 18 
rasa 2, 97 
raso 5, 171. 12, 81 
rastra 15, 166 
rate 14, 301 
rates 12, 122 

ratio 4, 20.6,95.7,1.14, 39 

ratione 6, 223 453. 10, 4 

rationem 1, 21 

rationibus 1 , 118. 6, 511 

rauca 6, 515 

rauci 1, 2 

rauco 8, 59 

raucus 1 1 , 156 

Ravola 9, 4 

re 11, 57. 14, 204 

rea 6, 243 

rebus 6, 97 444. 9,42. 10, 
98. 11, 35 40 115. 14,2 
72 314 

rebusque 10, 348. 12, 49 

recedas 3, 297 



recedit 6, 650 

recens 3, 151 

recentem 4, 58 

recentes 6, 408 

recenti 2, 102. 6, 11. 7, 

180. 13,5 
recentis 11, 74 
recepit 13, 241 
recessu 6, 19 130 
recessu 3, 230 
recidit 12, 54 
recidivus 6, 363 
recitantes 3, 9 
recitare 8, 126 
recitaverit 1, 3 
recites 7, 40 
recondita 6, 67 
recta 3, 26 
recta 6, 401 
recte 9, 118 
rectique 11, 149 
recto 2, 118. 3, 252. 10, 

189 

rectore 13, 87 
rectorem 8, 88 
rectoris 12, 33 
rectum 3, 107. 13, 189. 14, 

266 
rectus 2, 23 
recubans 3, 205 
recubante 11, 201 
recumbas 5, 65 
recumbat 9, 106 
recumbet 3, 82 
recumbit 6, 448 
recurrit 13, 239 
reda 3, 10 
redae 4, 118 
redarum 3, 236 
reddat 13, 15 61 
reddere 1, 93. 16, 49 
reddet 3, 319 
reddidit 13,204 
reddit 16. 57 
reddunt 3, 202 
redeant 7, 139 
redemi 9, 76 
redemtum 4, 2 
redeuntibus 14, 170 
rediit 10, 179 185 
redimicula 2, 84 
redit 3, 174. 6, 429. 9,51. 

12, 70 
reditu 12, 94 
reditum 12, 15 
redolent 4, 109 
re re ram 1, 45 
referat 1, 118 
referebant 8, 106 
referemus 15, 28 
referens 1, 66. 11, 89 186 



TO JUVENAL. 



509 



referre 16, 58 
referri 2, 136 

refert, for interest, 1, 154. 

4, 5. 5, 123. 6, 657, 8, 

193. 10, 213. 11, 21 

180 
refertis 2, 54 
referunt 2, 170 
refici 3, 319 
rege 6, 1. 13, 149 
regem 4, 126. 10, 273 
regemque 8, 161 
regenti 4, 83 
reges 6, 159. 10, 113 
retd, noun, 4, 103. 5, 130. 

6, 407 
regique 12, 108 
regia 11, 8 

regibns 3, 313. 13, 52 
regimen 16, 54 
reginae 12, 3 

regis 5, 161. 6, 525 661. 

10, 161 
regna 2, 149. 6, 224. 7, 

201. 14, 328 
regnat 3, 119. 6, 149 
regula 7, 230 

regum 5, 58. 7, 45. 8, 90 

260 
regunt 9, 32 
rei, from res, 8, 81 
rei, from reus, 15, 135 
relatum 6, 554 
relegit 6, 483 
relicta 3, 69 

relicta5,76.7,37. 10,179. 

14, 279 
relictaa 14, 93 
relictis 6, 195. 14, 77 232 
relicto 6, 542 591. 7, 168 
relictum 16, 12 
relinquas 14, 263 
relinques 8, 123 
relinquit 6, 224 
relinquunt 12, 77 
reliquis 5, 149. 10, 260 
reliquit 6,87. 8,95.13, 16 
reliquos 14, 36 
rem 3, 305. 8,215. 13, 143. 

14, 92 
Remi 10, 73 
remige 4, 49. 9, 150 
remigibus 15, 22 
remis 15, 128 
remordent 2, 35 
remota 10, 3 
remotior 8, 178 
remotus 12, 58 
renato 14, 11 
renovata 10, 243 
reor 15, 87 



repente 2, 83. 9, 8 

repentibus 14, 208 

reperta 11, 101 

repetam 12, 87 

repetas 8, 272 

repetatur 15, 72 

repetit 6, 226 452 

repetita 7, 154 

repetitus 6, 328 

repeto 9, 22 

reponam 1, 1 

reponit 3, 220. 6, 467 

reportandis 7, 47 

repugnet 6, 627 

repulsa 10, 326 

reputat 6, 365 

requiem 6, 106. 11, 182 

requiris 6, 286 

rerum 1, 127. 3, 39. 6, 255 

613. 7, 22 102. 8, 249. 

12, 52. 13, 18. 14, 112 
res, singular, 2, 102. 3, 23 

155 165. 4, 35 55. ,6, 

230 357 629 659. 7, 187. 

8, 198. 9, 95. 10, 340. 

12, 10. 15, 94. 16, 50 
res, plural, 10, 80 163. 11, 

130. 14,261 
rescribat 6, 141 
rescribere 6, 234 
resecentur 8, 166 
residens 2, 57 
resinata 8, 114 
resonant 15, 5 
respectus 8, 64 
respexit 7, 3 

respice2, 44. 3,268. 5, 60. 

6, 115. 8, 91 
respicere 10, 275 
respiciat 3, 185 
respicit 7, 141 
respiret 14, 28 
respondes 3, 295. 6, 394 
respondit 13, 199 
responsa 6, 585 
resie 3, 226. 14, 274 
restemque 10, 58 
restibus 6, 30 
resupina 6, 126 
resupinat 3, 112 
resupinati 8, 176 
retegantur 6, 278 
retia 2, 148. 8, 204 
retibus 5, 95 
reticulis 12, 60 
reticulumque 2, 96 
retinere 2, 138. 13, 201 
reverenda 6, 513 
reverentia2, 110. 5,72. 14, 

47 177 
reversa 6, 312 



reversi 3, 37 

reverti 3, 301. 4, 52. 11, 
184. 14,281 

revocabat 2, 30 
revocante 1 , 27 
revocata 6, 576 
revoces 14, 231 
revolvas 8, 272 
reus 4, 105 

rex 1, 136. 5, 14 137. 10, 

246. 14, 255 
Rhadamanthus 13, 197 
Rheno 8, 170 
rhetor 1, 44. 3, 76.7, 198 
rhetora 10, 132 
rhetore 7, 197. 15, 112 
rhetores 6, 438 
rhetorica 7, 173 
rhetoris 7, 217 
rhinocerote 7, 130 
Rhodios 8, 113 
Rhodopes 9, 4 
Rhodos 6, 296 
rhombi 4, 39 129 
rhombum 4, 68 119 
rhombus 11, 121 
rictu 10, 272 
rictum 10, 230 
ride 6, 264 
ridebat 10, 29 51 
ridenda 10, 124 
ridendaque 6, 461 
ridens 6, 609 
ridente 2, 13 
ridere 6, 343. 8, 191 
rides 3, 100 
ridet 13, 172. 15, 71 
ridiculos 3, 153 
ridiculum 11, 55 
rigidas 6, 129 
rigidi 10, 31 
rima 3, 97 
rimabitur 6, 551 
rimae 3, 195 
rimas 9, 105 
rimosa 3, 270 
ripa 3, 117 
ripa 3, 265. 10, 86 
riparum 5, 105 
risu 10, 33. 13, 171 
risum6, 71. 7,212. 13,35. 

15, 15 
risus 10, 47 
rite 12, 86 
ritu 10, 335 
ritus 6, 335 
rivales 6, 115 
rivalibus 12, 126 
rivalis 6, 218 
rivi 6, 430 
rixa 3, 282 289 



510 



VERBAL INDEX 



rixae 3, 288. 15, 52 
rixantis 15, 61 
robiginis 13, 148 
robora 10, 145. 12, 9 
robore 6, 12 
robustior 10, 197 
rodebant 3, 207 
rodit 5, 153 
rogabat 6, 386 
rogantem 3, 210 
roganti 6, 584 
rogaris 9, 73 74 
rogat 3, 300. 14, 302 
rogatum 5, 144 
rogatur 9, 148 
rogatus 7, 232 
roges 9, 114 
rogi 15, 140 
rogus 10, 241 

Roma 2, 39. 3, 319. 4, 38. 
7, 138. 8, 243 244. 10, 
279 

Romse 3, 41 137 165 183. 
5, 90. 7, 4. 8, 237. 11, 
46 

Romam3,83 314. 10, 122. 

11, 195 
Romana 6, 295 
Romanas 14, 100 
Romano 3, 119 
Romanorum 5, 58 
Romamis 10, 138. 14, 160 
Romulefo 11, 104 
rosse 11, 122 
rosas 14, 254 
rostra 10, 121 
rota 13, 51 
rotam 4, 134. 8, 148 
rotant 6, 316 
rotas 10, 59 
rotato 6, 449 
rotis 10, 176 
ruant 8, 77 
Rubelli 8, 39 
rubentem 7, 196 
rubenti 13, 37 
rubet 1, 166. 6, 479 
rubetae 6, 659 
rubetam 1, 70 
rubicundula 6, 425 
ruborem 13, 242 
rubra 5, 27 
rubras 14, 192 
Rubrenus 7, 72 
Rubrius 4, 105 
ructante 6, 10 
ructarit 4, 31 
ructavit 3, 107 
rude adjective, 6, 234 
rude substantive, 6, 113 
rudem 7, 171 



rudentes 6, 102 
rudes 1, 71 
rudis 11, 100 143 
ruebant 6, 618 
ruereut 8, 93 
Rufum 7, 213 214 
ruga 13, 215 
rugse 6, 144. 9, 9 
rugam 14, 325 
rugas 10, 193 
rugis 1 1, 186 
ruina 3, 196. 11, 13 
ruinc-e 10, 107 
ruinam 3, 190 
ruit 10, 268 
rumoresque 6, 408 
rumoribus 9, 11 1 
rumpe 7, 1 17 
rumpere 5, 19 
rumpit 10, 153 
rumpuntur 6, 416 
rupe 10, 93. 11, 105 
rupem 13, 246 
ruperat 9, 75 
rupes 5, 93 
rupibus 1, 8 
rupta 6, 514 
rupta 3, 149 
ruptaque 4, 42 
ruptae 1, 13 
ruptis 15, 57 

rupto 5, 48. 6, 12. 14, 85 
rura 14, 75 
rure 6, 55 

runs 11, 98. 14, 155 182. 

16, 36 
rursiim 12, 76 
rursus 6, 155. 10, 150 
rus 14, 141 
russati 7, 1 14 
rustica 6, 66 

rusticus 3, 67 176. 9, 60. 

14, 25 
rutila 14, 299 
Rutilae 10, 294 295 
Rutilo 11, 5 21 
Rutilus 11, 2. 14, 18 
Rutulis 6, 637. 12, 105 
Rutulum 1, 162. 7, 68 
Rutupinove 4, 141 



S. 

Sabbata 6, 159. 14, 96 
Sabellam 3, 169 
Sabina 3, 85. 6, 164 
Sabinas 10, 299 
sacci 14, 269 
sacculus 11, 27. 14, 138 
sarcellis 10, 354 



sacello 13, 232 
sacerdos 4, 10. 6, 544. 15, 
141 

sacra 2, 125. 6, 336. 12, 

113. 13, 107 221. 14, 

103 
sacraj 13, 59 
sacramentorum 16, S6 
sacraria 6, 489 
sacri 3, 13. 6, 22. 11, 29. 

15, 4 116 
sacrilega 13, 72 
sacrilegus 8, 106. 13, 150 
sacris 6, 536. 13, 19 
sacro 1, 110. 12, 86 
sacrorum 2, 113 
sacrum 13, 15. 16, 38 
S£ecula3, 313. 4,68. 6,24 

299. 10, 248. 13, 28 
saepfe 4, 1. 5, 76. 6, 10 147 

601. 9, 73 74. 11, 9 
sajpius 6, 557. 14, 174 
sajva 4, 95. 13, 186. 14, 

175 

sceva5, 78. 8,223. 10,307. 
13, 170. 15, 17 

saevae 3, 8 

saevas 7,229. 10, 166 
saavior 4, 109. 6, 292. 13, 

196. 15, 115 
saavire 10, 180. 14, 18 
sasvis 15, 164 
sajvissima 6, 641. 10, 328 
solvit 5, 94. 15, 54 126 
saevitiae 4, 151 
saevitiam 4, 85 
saevo 10, 236 
saavos 7, 151. 14, 148 
saevosque 10, 361 
saevus 10, 126 
saga 6, 591 
saginis 4, 67 
sagittae 6, 139. 7, 156 
sagittas 6, 172 
sagitlis 15, 74 
Saguntina 5, 29 
Saguntus 15, 114 
Salamine 10, 179 
Saleio 7, 80 
sabbus 9, 1 1 
salicti 11, 67 
salientibus 6, 599 
Salios 6, 604 
salit 7, 160 
saliva 6, 623 
saltante 6, 63 318 
saltantem 5, 121 
saltatus 15, 49 
saltern 6, 335. 9, 148 
saltu 8, 225. 11, 126. 14, 

82 



TO JUVENAL. 



511 



saltus 7, 189. 10, 194 
salva 5, 72 
salvS 6, 231. 11, 204 
salve 8, 26 

salvis 1, 48. 6, 30. 9, 131 

salutari 10, 90 

salutat 8, 161 

salutato 1, 116 

salutatrix 5, 21 

salutem 12, 49 

salutes 3, 184 

salutet3, 130 

Samia 16, 6 

Samo 3, 70 

Samothracum 3, 144 

sana 6, 652. 7,60. 10,356 

sanabile 15, 34 

sanant 7, 170 

sancta 8, 127 

sanctam 14, 68 

sanctas 15, 10 

sancti 7, 209 

sanctissiraa 1, 112 

sanctissimus 4, 79 

sanctos 10, 298 

sanctum 3, 109 137 

sanctumque 13, 64 

sanctus 8, 24 

sandapilarum 8, 175 

sane 1, 42. 4, 16. 5, 123. 

9, 46. 10, 183. 12, 124. 
15, 44 61. 

sanguine 4, 10. 6, 625. 8, 
2 27 40 42 136 219. 

10, 121 301. 11, 6 62. 
15, 58 92. 

sanguinis 1,42. 10, 165. 11, 

54 68. 14, 164 
sanguis 10, 217. 12, 13. 

13, 179 
sanna 6, 306 
sano 6, 235. 1,0, 356 
Santonico 8, 145 
sanus 6, 28 
sapiat 11,81 
sapiens 6, 444. 7, 191 
sapientia 13, 20 189. 14, 

321 

sapientibus 10, 28 
sapit 5, 170. 11, 121 
sarcina 2, 103 
sarcinulas 6, 146 
sarcinulis 3, 161 
sarcopbago 10, 172 
surcula 3, 311. 15, 166 
Sardanapali 10, 362 
sardonyche 7, 144 
sardonyches 6, 382 
sardonychus 13, 139 
Sarmata 3, 79 
Sarmentus 5, 3 



sarraca 5, 23 
sarraco 3, 255 
Sarrana 10, 38 
sartae. 3, 254 
sartago 10, 64 
satelles 4, 116 
satiata 6, 130 
satira 6, 634 
satiram 1, 30. 4, 106 
satirarum 3, 321 
satis 3, 181. 8, 71. 14, 182 
233 

satius 7, 13. 8, 196 

satur 7, 62 

saturabat 14, 166 

saturam 15, 3 

saturant 8, 118 

Saturni 6, 570 

Saturno 6, 1 

Saturnus 13,40 

saucius 5, 27 

Saufeia 6, 320. 9, 117 

Sauromataeque 15, 125 

Sauromatas 2, 1 

saxa 1, 83. 3, 257. 6, 649. 

10, 164. 13, 231. 15, 19 

63 

saxis 10, 144 

saxum 4, 141. 13, 51. 16, 

38 

scabie 2, 80. 5, 153 
scabieque 8, 34 
scalarum 7, 118 
scalpit 10, 195 
scalpunt 9, 133 
Scantinia lex 2, 44 
scaphium 6, 264 
scapulis 9, 68 
Scaurorum 6, 604 
Scauros 2, 35. 11, 91 
scelere 13, 6. 15, 89 
sceleri 13, 29. 15, 129 
sceleris 13, 105. 14, 224 
scelerum 13, 157. 14, 173 
scelus 6, 651. 10, 340. 13, 

209 237. 14, 188. 15, 

29 30 
scena 8, 220 
scenaaque 8, 118 
sceptro 10, 43 
schcenobates 3, 77 
sciat 6, 450. 13, 76 
sciet 9, 108. 10, 342 
scilicet 2, 122. 5, 76. 6, 

239 541 635. 7, 159. 14, 

156 

scindens 7, 177 
scinduntur 3, 254 
scintillas 14, 244 
scio 7, 158. 9, 97 
Scipiadse 2, 154 



scire 3, 113. 9, 1 
scis 9, 73 
scissa 3, 148 
scissaque 10, 262 
scit 7, 43. 11, 24 
scobis 14, 67 
scopulis 10, 170 
scopulos 10, 153 
scopulosque 13, 246 
scorti 3, 135 
scribe 14, 192 
scribendi 1, 152. 7, 52 
scribente 4, 106 
scribere 1, 30 
scriberis 9, 87 
scribet 3, 241 
scribitur 3, 161 
scrinia 6, 278 
scripsit 8, 221 
scripta 6, 277 
scripto 6, 205 
scriptores 7, 99 
scripturus 11, 8 
scriptus 1, 6 
scrobe 14, 170 
scrofa 12, 73 
scrofa 6, 177 
scrutante 5, 95 
scrutare 2, 45 
scurra 4, 31. 13, 111 
scutica 6, 480 
scutoque 6, 248 
scutulata 2, 97 
scutum 8, 123 
Scyllam 15, 19 
Scythicae 11, 139 
ftaurov 11, 27 
secantem 14, 155 
secat 10, 316 
secatur 1 1, 135 
secessus 3, 5 
secetur 5, 124 
secreta 3, 113. 6, 190 314 
403. 9, 23 53. 10, 89 337 
secret^ 2, 91 
secreti 3, 52 
secreto 1, 95 
secretum 9, 96 102 
secreturaque 6, 608 
secretus 6, 237 
sectae 14, 122 
sectile 3, 293 
sectivi 14, 133 
secto 6, 106 
sectum 13, 117. 15, 78 
secuit 6, 514 

secum 3, 64 75. 6, 468. 13, 
91 

secunda 8, 253. 10, 63 
secundae 9, 31. 10, 247 
Secundi 7, 204 



512 



VERBAL INDEX 



secundi 9, 107 
secundo 16, 3 
secura 3, 261. 10, 75 
secures 8, 137. 12, 61 
securi, adjective, 12, 82 
securis, substantive, 8, 268. 

10, 59 
securos 3, 196 
securum 8, 171. 9, 144 
securus 1, 162. 6, 62. 14, 

213 
secutor 8, 210 
sedeant 3, 155 
sedeat 6, 263.^10, 213 
sedebat 4, 74. 7,223 
sedem 3, 2 
sedens 7, 127 152 
sedentes 7, 43 
sedentis 10, 93 
sedes, noun, 12, 71 
sedet 1, 96. 2, 120. 3,265. 

5, 101. 8, 190. 10, 161 
333. 11, 193 

sedisli 7, 223 
sedit 4, 76. 8, 63 
seditione 2, 24. 15, 64 
seges7, 103. 14, 143 
segmenta 2, 124 
segmentatis 6, 89 
segnipedes 8, 67 
Sejano 10, 89 
Sejanum 10, 76 104 
Sejanus 10, 63 66 90 
Seioque 4, 13 
Seleucus 10, 211 
sella 7, 142 
sella 3, 136 
sellarn 1, 124. 6, 353 
sellas 10, 91 

semel 3, 134. 4, 143. 6, 

521. J3, 242 
semestri 7, 89 
semesum 5, 167 
semianimum 4, 37 
Semiramis 2, 108 
semita 10, 363 
semivir 6, 513 
semodio 14, 67 
semper 1, 1 3 13 57 104. 

6, 109 178 268 273 364 
366 380 453. 10, 73 244 
297. 13, 190. 14, 14 205 
267 268 

semperque 3, 50. 6, 272 

14, 118 
senatori 6, 82 
senatu 8, 93 
senatus 11, 29 77 
Seneca 5, 109 
Senecae 10, 16 
Senecam 8, 212 



senectae 13, 59 

senectus 1, 144. 3, 26. 4, 
81 97. 5, 34. 7, 35. 9, 
129 139. 10,75 190. 11, 
45. 13,214. 14,251 

senem 14, 4 

senescant 10, 245 

senescit 7, 52 

senex 2, 112. 3, 117. 13, 

185. 14, 57 181 
senibus 6, 160 
senior 6, 215 587. 13, 33. 
senis, genitive, 4, 19. 6,622. 

8, 153 
Senonumque 8, 234 
senserat 6, 116 
senserit 15, 90 
sensit 14, 311 
scnsum 15, 146 
sensus 8, 73. 10, 240. 15, 

133 

sententia 2, 62. 4, 136. 6, 

498. 8, 125. 14, 205 
sentiat 10, 215 
senlina 6, 99 
sentio 7, 56 

sentire 12, 98. 13, 5 238 
sentirent 15, 42 
sentit 2, 153. 6, 362 
senuerunt 6, 59 
senum 10, 198 
separat 15, 142 
septa 5, 81 

septem 1, 94. 6, 642 twice. 

12, 59. 14, 324 
Septembri 14, 130 
Septembris 6, 517 
septenis 6, 183 
septima 14, 105 
septimus 14, 10. 15, 44 
sepulcfi 6, 230 
sepulcris 10, 146 
sequantur 4, 135. 14, 39 
sequar 12, 86 
sequatur 13, 90 
sequitur 3,245 250. 6, 100. 

10, 73 117 
sequiturque 1, 121 
sequuntur 10, 58 
sequutus 1, 164 
seram, substantive, 6, 347 
sereno 13, 228 
serenum 7, 179 
Seres 6, 403 
Sergiolus 6, 105 
Sergius 6, 112 
seria 11, 93 

Seripho 6, 564. 10, 170 
sermo 2, 14. 3, 73. 6, 193. 

8, 39 
sermone 6, 189 449 



sermonem 3, 87 
sermones 10, 88. 14, 152 
sero 1, 169 

serpens 6, 432 538. 8, 214. 

14, 114 
serpente 14, 74 
serpentibus 5, 91. 15,3 
serpentum 15, 159 
Serrano 7, 80 
serta 9, 128 
sertaque 12, 84 
Sertorms 6, 142 
servabat3, 206. 4, 59 111 
servant 14, 101 
servantur 8, 258. 14, 304 
servare 2, 7. 6, 654. 11, 

83. 14, 129 262 
servas 9, 54 

servat 3, 143. 4, 60. 7, 138 

servata 12, 6 

servata 6, 453 

servatoe 11,71 

servato 16, 16 

servatum 4, 68. 10, 286 

servatur 5, 71 

servavit 3, 139. 9, 80 

servet 14, 113 

servi 3, 131. 6,279. 7, 141. 

9, 103 120 123. 10, 87 
servilia 10, 319 
servire 7, 41. 10, 184. 12, 

106 
serviret 4, 38 

servis, noun, 3, 189. 5, 66. 

6, 331. 7, 201 
servitii 3, 125 

serve 1, 93. 6, 219. 9, 

5 

servorum 3, 167. 6, 332. 

9, 68. 10, 234. 12, 116. 

14, 16 126 306 
servos 3, 141. 6, 511. 11, 

189 

servulus 3, 253. 14, 67 

servum 8, 179 

servus 6, 219 222. 8, 266. 

9, 45. 10, 42 
sestertia 1, 92. 2, 117. 4, 

16 29. 7, 186. 9, 41. 13, 

71 

setae 2, 11 

Setinis 5, 34 

Setinum 10, 27 

severi 2, 131 

severos 11, 91 

severum 14, 110 

sex 3,203. 4, 15. 7, 166 

sexagesimus 14, 197 

sexaginta 13, 17 

sexcentis 7, 178 

sexta 1, 64. 7, 160 



TO JUVENAL. 



513 



sextam 11, 206 

sextarius 6, 427 

Sexte 2, 21 

Sextus 6, 192 

sexu 2, 48. 6, 253 

sexum 6, 648 

sexus6, 135 341. 11, 167 

si 1, 74 79. 2, 69. 5, 1 3 

159 171 
si qua 2, 157. 7, 22 
si quando 3, 173. 5, 40. 8, 

80. 12, 23 
si quid 4, 53. 5, 126. 6, 

250. 8, 36 
si quis 7,238. 8, 111 
si quod 8, 110 
sibi 1, 140. 4, 22. 13, 46 
sibique 10, 201 
Sibylla? 3, 3. 8, 126 
sic 3, 194 

sicca 10, 113. 15, 122 
siccabis 5, 47 
siccae 8, 35. 9, 12 
siccaniam 3, 32 
siccat 5, 101 
siccato 13, 44 
siccatum 11,75 
siccentur 16, 27 
sicci 1 1 , 82 
siccis 13, 212 
sicco 6, 148 
siccum 1, 45 
siccus 7, 1 19 
Sicula 6, 486. 13, 50 
Siculo 5, 100 
Siculos 9, 150 
Siculus 7, 236 
sicut 2, 79 
Sicyone 3, 69 

sidera 7, 195. 8, 149. 9,33. 

11, 63. 13, 47 
sidere 12, 103. 16, 4 
sideribus 5, 22 
sidus 6, 569. 7, 200 
signa 3,216. 8, 12. 15, 157 
signabat 9, 76 
signabit 3, 82 
signare 8, 142 
signatas 2, 119 
signatam 14, 132 
signator 1, 67 
signatoribus 10, 336 
signent 3, 271 
signinum 11,73 
signis 16, 17 

signisque 8, 102. 14, 307 
signorum 16, 55 
signum 5, 165. 8, 110 
Silanum 8, 27 
silent 7, 169 
silet 6, 238 



silicem 3, 272. 6, 350 
siligine 5, 70 
siliginis 6, 472 
siliquas 11, 58 
silva 3, 16. 9, 13 
Silvano 6, 447 
silvarum 1, 135. 7, 58 
silvas 15, 152 
silvestrem 6, 5 
siluit 3, 304 
siluro 14, 132 
siluros 4, 33 

simia 8, 214. 10, 195. 13, 
156 

similem 2, 6.8,271. 14, 51 

similes 2, 33. 15, 131 

similesque 3, 177 

simili 13, 135 

similis 5, 132. 6, 7 653. 8, 

270. 12, 29. 15, 160 
similisque 11, 192. 12, 10 
similliraa 6, 165 
simillimus 8, 53 
simplex 6, 234 327 
simplexne 1, 92 
simplicibus 3, 192 
simplicitas 1, 153. 2, 18. 

6, 206. 13, 35 
simpuvium 6, 343 
simul 5, 142 
simulabitur 6, 324 
simulacra 11, 104. 12, 88 
simulant 2, 3 
simulat 6, 271 
simultas 15, 33 
simus 5, 18 
sinciput 13, 85 
sine 7, 207. 8, 104. 10, 112 

209.13,53. 14,69.15,54 
sinebant 6, 288 
sinistra 14, 1 
sinistri 6, 256 
sinistro 2, 87. 10, 129 
sinu 6, 607 

sinus 1, 88 150. 4, 41. 7, 

112. 9, 33 
sinus 12, 81 
sipario 8, 186 
siphonibus 6, 310 
siquidem 6, 621. 12, 107 
Sirena 14, 19 

sis 2, 9. 8, 81 269. 11, 33 

60 110 
sistro 13, 93 
sit 10, 343 
sitiens 6, 426 
sitiente 1, 70. 12, 45 
sities 5, 60 

sitis 10, 140. 14, 318 
sive 2, 118. 10, 211 322 
twice. 1 1, 28 

S u 



socialibus 5, 31 

sociis 8, 99 108 

socio 10, 254 

sociorum 8, 89 136 
socios 10, 222 

Socralici 14, 320 

Socraticos 2, 10 

socru 6, 231 

sodales 11, 190 

sodes 6, 280 

sol 3, 316. 15, 44 

sola 3, 201. 6, 68. 8, 20. 

10, 172. 12, 113. 13,208 
sola 10, 218 
solaque 4, 3 
solam 14, 107 
solatia 13, 120 179 
solatur 6, 384 
sole 2, 133. 12, 70 
solea 6, 612 
soleat 7, 54 
solebant 12, 107 
solebas 9, 25 

solebat 4, 32. 5, 44 109. 8, 
245. 10, 33. 11, 115 

solem 7, 183. 11, 203. 14, 
280 

solenne 8, 11 192 
soiennibus 10, 259 
solent 14, 266 
soleo 9, 138 
solers 9, 65 

solet 3,286. 6,415. 7, 131. 
8, 48. 11, 10 185. 13, 
103 

soli, adjective ,9, 93. 12,124. 

15, 143 
solibus 4, 43 
solida 11, 205 
solidas 5, 68 
solid am 5, 1 3 
solidum 10, 176 
solis, substantive, 13, 178 
solis, adjective, 2, 89. 11, 

108. 16, 51 
soliti 2, 92. 14, 100 
solito 11, 88 
solitoque 6, 487 
solitum 8, 142. 15, 127 
solitus 5, 106. 10, 180. 13, 

153. 14, 129 
sollicitas 7, 42 
sollicitemus 16, 28 
sollicitent 9, 37 
sollicitus 5, 20. 13, 67 
solo 2, 58. 5, 150. 6, 510. 

7, 63. 11, 11 
solcecismum 6, 456 
Solonis 10, 274 
solos 14, 104. 15, 37 
solstitia 4, 93 



514 



VERBAL INDEX 



solvat 8, 50 

solvere 7, 157 

solveret2, 33 

solvet.8, 154 

solvite 14, 292 

solvitur 6, 73 

solum, substantive, 11, 49 

solum, adjective, 3, 6. 5, 

111. 7, 114. 10, 189 
solus 3, 122. 7, 2. 8,250. 

11, 52. 14, 159. 15, 26 
solutS 13, 116 
solutum 9, 79 
solvunt 14, 199 
Solymarum 6, 544 
somni 6, 416 478 
somnique 6, 289 
somnia 6, 547 
somnis 13, 221 
somno 3, 56 
somnoque 6, 424 
somnos 15, 154 
somnum 3, 234 238 242 

282. 5, 19. 14, 222 
sonabat 1, 25. 10, 226 
sonant 6, 68. 7, 108 
sonantem 6, 92 
sonare 15, 51 

sonat 3, 91 262. 6, 517. 

11, 141 
sonorum 13, 167 
sonuit 6, 560 
sonus 9, 78 
sopbistas 7, 167 
Sopliocleo 6, 636 
soporem 13, 217 
Sora; 3, 223 
sorbeat 6, 306 
sorbere 14, 255 
sordes I, 140. 5, 11. 14, 124 
sordidula 3, 149 
sorori 6, 1 1 1 158 
sororibus 5, 152. 10, 242 
sororis 6, 85. 14, 284 
sororem 6, 566 
sorores 6, 20 
sortes 6, 583 
sortesque 1, 82 
sortis 12, 25 
sortita est 6, 505 
sortiti 14, 96. 15, 144 
sortitus 8, 179. 13, 49 
sospes 13, 178 
Sostratus 10, 178 
spado 1, 22. 6, 376. 14, 91 
spargat 6, 528 
spargatque 7, 180 
spargendusque 12, 8 
spargere 9, 84 
Spartana 8, 101 
Spartani 8, 218 



Spartano 13, 199 
spatia 10, 275 
spatiosum 4, 132 
spatium 3, 269. 4, 39. 6, 

505 582. 10, 188 358 
specie 10, 310. 14, 109 
spectabile 8, 110 
spectacula 6, 61. 8, 205. 

11, 191 
spectandaque 11, 35 
spectandus 10, 67 
spectant 4, 64. 6, 652. 
spectantia 15, 147 
spectantibus 2, 147 
spectare 1, 56 
spectas 14, 258 
spectat 8, 190 
spectatos 6, 371 
spectent 11, 199 201 
spectentur 13, 172 
spectes 5, 121 
spectet 6, 352 
specularibus 4, 21 
speculum 2, 99 103 
spelunca 6, 3 
spcl uncus 3,17 

speluncis 6, 59 

spem 6, 331 

sperantibus 4, 57 

sperare 1,58. 6, 106 388. 
10, 207. 13,234. 14, 6 

sperat 3, 266. 12, 120 

spemant 14, 34 

spes 1, 134. 5, 166. 7, 1 
30. 9, 125 134 147. 12, 
70. 14, 278 

spicula 13, 79 

spira 8, 208 

spirant 2, 41. 7, 111 

spirantc 9, 67 

spirantesque 7, 208 

spirat 6, 463 

spolia 8, 107 

spoliare 14, 237 

spoliatis 8, 124 

spoliator 1, 46 

spoliet 3, 302 

spoliis 6, 210 232 

spolium 2, 100 106 

spondere 13, 232 

spondet 6, 548. 7, 134 

sponsa? 1 , 78 

sponsalia 6, 25 

sponsio 11, 200 

sponsus 3,111 

sponte 14, 107 

sportula 1, 95 118 128. 3, 
249. 10, 46. 13, 33 

spreti 6, 226 

spumant 6, 303 

spumanti 9, 35 



spumantibus 13, 14 
spurcos 6, 603 
squallentes 8, 17 
squallida 9, 15 
squallidus 11, 80 
squalloiemque 15, 135 
squamae 4 , 25 
squilla 5, 81 
stabant 7, 226 
stabal 8, 100. 11, 118 
stagna 12, 81 

stamine 2, 55. 10, 252. 14, 

249 

staminis 12, 65 
stans 7, 152. 11, 170 
stante 5, 65 
stantem 1, 76 

stantes 1, 156. 6, 291. 8, 3 
stantibus 7, 11. 9, 131 
stantis 3, 237 
stare 8, 138 
starique 3, 290 
stat 3, 290. 6, 605. 7, 
125 

statione 6, 274 

stationes 11,4 

Statius 7, 83 

statua 7, 128 

statuce 10, 58 

statuamque 8, 143. 13, 119 

stemmata 8, 1 

stemmate 8, 40 

Stentora 13, 112 

stercore 14, 64 

steriles 2, 140. 6, 596 

sterili 7, 49. 12, 97 

sterilis 5, 140. 10, 145 

sterilisque 7, 203 

sterneret 6, 5 

sternitur 10, 335 

sternuntur 16, 45 

stertere 1 , 57 

steterat 10, 239 

stetit 1, 149. 6, 390. 15,91 

Sthenobcea 10, 327 

stigmate 10, 183 

stillantis 6, 109 

stillaret 5, 79 

stillavit 3, 122 

stimulante 14, 84 

stimulat 7, 20 

stimulos 10, 329 

stipulare 7, 165 

stlataria 7, 134 

StoVca 13, 121 

Stoic id 32 2, 65 

StoVcus3, 116. 15, 109 

stomacho 3, 234. 6, 100. 

11, 128 
stomachum 4, 67 
stomachus 5, 49 



TO JUVENAL. 



515 



strageraque 8, 251 
slrangulat 10, 13 
strata 9, 52 
Stratocles 3, 99 
stratum 10, 175 
stratus 8, 78 

strepitu 2, 52. 7, 137. 14, 
19 

strictisque 6, 401 
stricto 1, 165. 5, 169 
stridebat 4, 58 
stridentem 14, 280 
stridere 5, 160 
stridore 14, 23 
stridunt 10, 61 
striglibus 3, 263 
stringk 8, 148 
structor 11, 136 
structorem 5, 120 
strurnosum 10, 309 
studiis 7, 17 
studiorum 7, 1 
stulta 1, 17. 6, 43 
stultum 14, 235 
stupeas 6, 87 
stupet 13, 16 
stupidi 8, 197 
stupuit 4, 119. 13, 164 
Stygio 2, 150 
suadendum 10, 330 
suaderet 13, 203 
suades 9, 125 
suadet 14, 23 
suasi 14, 225 

sub 3, 205. 4, 12 84. 6, 15. 

7, 13 59. 10, 69. 12, 103. 

14, 42. 15, 26 
subducere 11, 142 
subductis 8, 77 
subduximus 1, 15 
subeant 6, 144. 14, 202 
subeantur 16, 2 
suberant 4, 60 
subeunt 6, 592. 7, 34. 14, 

33 

subeunte 3, 28 

subeuntem 6, 652 

subeuntur 16, 2 

subjecta 10, 56 

subit 2, 50. 6, 419. 14, 221 

subitee 1, 144 

subitas 13, 167 

subiti 3, 273. 6, 520 

subito 3, 169 

subitum 6, 65 

subitura 4, 10 

subitus 3, 305 

subitusque 4, 133. 12, 19 

sublata 5, 83 

subbgar 6, 70 

sublimem 10, 37 



sublimia 7, 28 

sublimibus 3, 269 

sublimior 11, 24 

sublimis 11, 123. 12, 72 

sublimius 8, 232 

submissa 1, 36 

submittat 6, 334 

submitte 6, 207 

submitteret 12, 54 

submoveant 1, 37 

submoveor 3, 124 

submovet 14, 186 

subnectere 3, 315 

subrepta 5, 152 

subrepti 9, 116 

subridens 2, 38 

subsellia7,45 86. 16, 14 44 

subsidaut 6, 198 

subsidere 6, 411 

subsidiis 15, 73 

subsistere 14, 231 

substitit 3, 11 

substringit 6, 433 

subterranea 2, 149 

subtexit 7, 192 

subtrahitur 6, 650 

subvexit 5, 89 

Subura 10, 156. 11,51 141 

Subura? 3, 5. 5, 106 

succensus 7, 40 

succincta 8, 162 
succinctus 4, 24 
succingere 6, 446 
succurrere 6, 443 
suci 11, 76 
sucida 5, 24 
sucina 6, 573. 9, 50 
sudans 4, 108. 10, 41 
sudant 1, 167. 6, 259 
sudantibus 1, 28 
sudare 6, 420 
sudat 3, 103 
sudavit 2, 126 
sudes 4, 128 
sudibus 6, 248 
sudoribus 13, 220 
suetus 10, 231 
suffecerat 14, 298 
suffecerit 10, 32 
suffecit 14, 319 
sufferre 1 , 29 
sufficeret 15, 80 
sufficiat 14, 317 
sufficient 7, 187. 9, 146. 

14, 300 329 

sufficit 3, 155. 5, 7. 6, 53. 
9, 66. 10, 40 168. 13, 
160 183. 14, 141 172. 

15, 169 

sufficiunt 3, 179. 8, 257. 
11, 6 



surHamioe 8, 148. 16, 50 

suffi agia 8, 211. 10, 77 

sui 3, 194. 10, 192. 11,35 

se 1 , 67 

secum 13, 91 

sese 2, 165 

suillam 14, 93 

suis 11, 82. 14,307 

sulcis 14, 241 

sulco 14, 170 

sulcos 7, 48 

sulcum 1, 157 

Sullse 1, 16. 2, 28 

Sulmonensi 6, 187 

sulphura 2, 158. 5, 48 

sulphure 13, 145 

sum 6, 284 

sumas 2, 66. 3, 56 

sume 14, 326 

sumen 12, 73 

sumendas 12, 61 

sumente 6, 634 

sumere 3, 105. 6, 118. 9, 

97. 10, 99 
sumeret 13, 39 
sumes 10, 26 
sumet 2, 70. 8, 152 
sumine 11, 138 
sumit 2, 124. 3, 67 172. 9, 

19. 1 1, 23 
sumitque 5, 128 
sumito 8, 134 

sumitur 3, 181. 5, 97. 6, 

264 578 
summa 5, 2 18. 6, 369. 7, 

155. 8,249 
summa. 14, 87. 15, 85 
summa, substitutive, 14,218 
summam, substantive, 3, 79. 

11, 17. 13, 74. 14, 323 
summam, adjective, 13, 132 
summas 10, 91 
summi 1, 5 38. 2, 104 105. 

6, 545. 10, 268 
summique 6, 179 
summis 3, 179. 6, 349 646. 

8, 112. 11, 36 
summol, 14. 4, 46. 10,136 

147 

summos 10, 49 
summula 7, 174 
summum 6, 423. 8, 83. 14, 
289 

summumque 6, 532 
summus 1, 117. 6 99. 10, 

110. 15, 35 
sumserit 6, 266 
sumsit 3, 80 
sumtam 4, 30 
sumtis 14, 76 
sumto 6, 330 



VERBAL INDEX 



sumtos 16, 40 
sumtu 7, 77 
sumtus 7, 186 
sumunt 2, 84. 6, 285 
sunt 13, 86 
suo 12, 69 

supellex 3, 14. 11, 99 
super 3, 134 240 258. 13, 

42. 15, 14 28 
superaverat 12, 68 
superbi 6, 524 
superbis 5, 66 
superbo 6, 180 
superbum 8, 71. 11, 129 
superbus 12, 125. 14, 282 
supercilio 2, 15. 5, 62 
supercilium 2,93. 6, 169 
superest 1, 35. 3, 27 259. 

5, 73. 6, 355. 9, 134. 

11, 48. 13, 109 237 
superos 6, 19. 13, 75 
supersint 8, 184 
supersit 1 1 , 205 
supersunt 8, 124 
supervacua 10, 54 
supervacuam 2, 1 16 
supervacui 13, 137. 16, 41 
supina 8, 201 
supino 1, 66 
supinum 14, 190 
supinus 3, 280 
supplicia 15, 130 
supplicio 8, 213 
supplicium 6, 220 
suppositos 6, 602 
suppositumque 10, 176 
suppositus 1 , 98 
sura; 16, 14 
surda 7, 71 
surdo 9, 150. 13, 194 
surdum 13, 249 
surgat 3, 151. 7, 183 
surgebant 4, 70 
surgere 15, 123 
surgis 7, 1 15 

surgit 6, 529. 7. 100. 10, 

43. 11, 127. 12, 23 
surgitur 4, 144 
surrexerit 14, 243 
suspecta 10, 208. 12, 93 
su*pectis 11, 186 
suspectumque 9, 57 
suspectus 3, 222 
suspende 8, 230. 9, 85 
suspendit. 6, 437 
suspicit 13, 123 
suspirat 11, 152 

sustinet 3, 93. 4, 40. 11, 

122. 14, 127 
sustinuit 6, 105. 15, 88 
susurro 4, 1 10 



sutor 3, 294 
sutoiis 5, 46 
suum 13, 198 
Sybaris 6, 296 
Syenes 11, 124 
Sygambris 4, 147 
Syphacem 6, 170 
Syria?que 8, 169 
Syriuraque 1 1, 73 
syrraa 8, 229 
syrmata 15, 30 
Syrophcenix 8, 159 160 
Syrorum 6, 351 
Syrus 3, 62 



T. 

Tabella 6, 558 
tabella 10, 157. 12, 27 
tabella; 7, 23. 9, 36 
tabellas 6, 277. 8, 142 
tabellis 6, 200 233. 12, 

100. 13, 136 
taberna 13, 45 
taberna; 1, 105. 2, 42. 3, 

304 

Tabraca 10, 194 

tabula 8, 6. 9, 41. 14, 289 

tabula* 1, 90. 2, 119 

tabulam 2, 28 

tabulas 2, 58. 6, 601. 9, 

75. 12, 123. 14, 55 
tabulata 3, 199. 10, 106 
tabulis 1, 68. 4, 19. 8, 102 
tace 2, Gl. 8, 97 
taceant 9, 103 115 
tacenda; 4, 105 
tacendi 2, 14 
tacendis 3, 50 
taceo 13, 127 
taces 9, 26 
tacet 6, 439 
tacetis5, 169 
tacita 1, 167 
tacito 11, 185 
taciturn 13, 209 
tacit us 9, 94 
tacitusque 3, 297 
tactum 2, 93 
taeda 12, 59 
taeda 1, 155. 2, 91 
tiedia 7, 34. 11, 207. 16, 

44 

Taodia 2, 49 

ta?dis 2, 158 

Tagi 3, 55 

Tagus 14, 299 

tale 4, 22. 15, 14 115 

talem 2, 69. 4,46. 8, 179 

talenta 14, 274 



tales 8, 202. 10, 193. 11, 

99 180 
tali 5, 173 

talia 2, 19 91. 12, 23. 14, 

150 225 
talibus 11, 42. 14, 210. 15, 

93 

talis 2, 156. 11, 207. 12, 
103. 13. 47. 14, 166 

talo 7, 16 

tam 3. 137. 12, 23 

tamen 1, 19. 3, 98 

tamquam 3, 47 222. 5, 127. 
6, 431 

Tanaquil 6, 566 

tandem 6,361. 13,238 248 

tangat 14, 44 

tangens 14, 219 

tangunt 13, 89 

tanta 6, 440 501. 10, 306. 
15, 120 

tanta 7, 84 

tantaque 7, 85 

tanti 3, 54. 4, 26. 6, 137 
178 626. 10, 97 165 
343. 13, 96. 14, 290 

tantine 5, 9 

tantis 6, 161. 12, 114. 14, 

303 

tanto 4, 18. 8, 140. 10, 
140. 14, 27 264. 15, 89 

tantum 2, 127. 3, 144. 5, 
165. 6, 373 595 twice. 8, 
240. 10, 40 80. 14, 159 
233 

tantum 1, 1 131 136. 7,34. 

10, 238 
tantumdem 3, 298. 10, 91 
tarda 10, 186 
tardas 14, 248 
tarde 6, 477 
tardos 4, 44 
tardumque 15, 82 
tardus 4, 107 
Tarentum 6, 297 
Tarpeiaque 13, 78 
Tarpeio 12, 6 
Tarpeium 6, 47 
Tatio 14, 160 
Taurea 6, 492 
Taurica 15, 116 
tauro 8, 82 
Tauromenitana; 5, 93 
taurus 12, 11 
te 8, 68 74 
tecta 6, 289. 8, 77 
tectis 3, 269 
tectoque 3, 211 
tectoria 6, 467 
tectorum 3, 8 
tectum 6, 304. 15, 154 



TO JUVENAL. 



517 



tegant 9, 105 

teges, verb, 9, 101 

tegete 9, 140 

tegetem 6, 117 

tegetis, noun, 5, 8. 7, 221 

tegi 14, 186 

tegit 11, 158 

tegitur 1, 171. 5, 154 

tegiraen 6, 257 

tegula 3, 201 

tegunt 16, 48 

tela, neuter, 10, 164. 13, 

232. 15, 65 
tela 14, 61 
Telamonem 14, 214 
Telephus 1, 5 
teli 15, 53 
tellure 3, 89 
telcrum 13, 83 
temeraria 5, 102 
temerarius 5, 129. 14, 275 
temetum 15, 25 
temone 4, 126. 10, 135 
tempero 3, 287 
tempestas 12, 24. 13, 228 
tempestate 4, 140. 6,26.7, 

2 164. 12, 61. 14, 302 
tempestatibus 15, 20 
templa 15, 42 
templi 13, 147 
templis 8, 143. 10,23. 12, 

7. 13, 37 
templisque 8, 233 
templo 1, 113. 9, 24. 13, 

205 

templorum 11, 111 
templum 13, 219 
tempora 2, 38. 3, 124. 4, 

151. 6, 571. 8, 145. 10, 

254. 11, 118. 12, 62. 

14, 130 157 
tempore 3, 53 102. 4, 115 

135. 5, 22. 9, 16. 10, 

263. 11, 144. 152. 13, 

211. 15, 38 68 
temporibus 4, 80. 6, 645. 

10, 15. 13, 29 
temporis 7, 99. 9, 125 
tempus 2, 115. 8, 150. 16, 

49 

ten' 13, 140 
ten ax 8, 25 
tende 6, 52 
tendit 10, 154 
tenditur 6, 426 
teneam 5, 58. 13, 94 
teneat 1, 23 31 
tenebat 1, 61. 6, 658 
tenebit 14, 297 
tenebrae 12, 18 
tenebras 3, 225 



tenent 6, 70 

tenentis 3, 89. 14, 63 

tenentur 3, 306 

tener 1, 22. 5, 70. 6, 383. 

9, 46 
tenerae 2, 86 
teneii 6, 410. 15, 158 
teneris 12, 39. 14, 215 
teneros 7, 237 
tenerum 6, 548. 8, 16 
tenet 2, 99. 5, 31 39. 6, 

383 454. 7, 50 51. 10, 

41 154. 16, 54 
tenso 14, 281 
tensum 7, 117 
tenta, verb, 7, 175 
tentare 10, 305 
tentarent 7, 5 
ientaveris 5, 126 
tentes 3, 297 
tentigine 6, 129 
Tentyra 15, 35 76 
tenue 9, 31. 10, 269 
tenuem 7, 207 
tenues 3, 163 227. 8, 120. 

15, 101 
tenui, adjective, 2, 55. 3,97 

193. 4, 110 132. 6, 259 

541 659. 7, 145. 9, 138. 

15, 21 
tenuique 7, 48 80 
tenuis 13, 7 
terms 6, 446 
tepenti 10, 149 

ter 6, 523 661. 11,86. 14, 
28 

Terea 7, 12 

terga 4, 128. 11, 82. 13, 

16. 15, 75 
tergeat 14, 62 
tergens 13, 44 
tergo 1, 6 
terit 9, 4 

Terpsichoren 7, 35 

terra 15, 70 

terra. 15, 122 139 

terraque 14, 222 

teme 7, 103. 14, 7 

terreeque 8, 257 

terram 2, 130. 4, 10. 6, 

429. 7, 207. 11, 164. 

15, 92 147 
terras 4, 83. 6,411. 13,226 
terretur 14, 285 
terribiles 15, 124 
terris 2, 25. 6, 2 165. 8, 

37. 10, 1 279. 13, 126, 

15, 86 
terrore 10, 357 
tertia 2, 60. 3, 199. 5, 17. 

14, 326 



tertius 2, 40. 13, 73 
tessella? 11, 132 
tessera 7, 174 
testa 3, 270. 4. 131 
testa 6, 514. 14, 31 1 
testse 5, 35. 15, 128 
testamenta L, 37 
testamento 12, 121 
testamentum 6, 549 
testandi 6, 216. 16, 51 
testantur 12, 27 
testarum 11, 170 
teste 6, 136 311. 10, 70. 
15, 26 

testem 2, 76. 3, 137. 13, 

198. 16, 29 32 
testes 8, 149. 13, 75 
testi 5, 5 
testiculi 6, 339 
testiculorum 12, 36 
testiculos 6, 372. 11, 157 
testis 6, 220. 8, 80. 9, 77. 

14, 218 
testudine 6, 381. 14, 308 
testudineo 6, 80 
testudo 11, 94 
teterrima 6, 418 
tetigit 2, 128. 7, 109 
tetrum 10, 191 
tetrumque 3, 265 
Teucrorum 8, 56 
Teutonico 10, 282 
texit 6, 44. 8, 43 
textoris 9, 30 
Thaida 3, 93 
Thaletis 13, 184 
theatra 14, 256 
theatri 10, 128 213 
theatro 3, 173. 6, 68 
theatrum 11,4 
Thebaidos 7, 83 
Thebarum 13, 27 
Thebas 7, 12. 14, 240 
Thebe 15, 6 
Thelesine 7, 25 
Themison 10, 221 
Theodori 7, 177 
thermae 11,4 
thermarum 8, 168 
thermas 7, 233 
Thersitai 8, 271 
Thersites 8, 269. 11, 31 
Theseide 1, 2 
Thessala 6, 610 
Thessalinee 8, 242 
thoraca 5, 143 
thoris 1, 136 

thoro 3,82. 13,218. 15, 43 
thorum 6, 5 
Th races 6, 403 
Thracum 13, 167 



5ia 



VERBAL INDEX 



Thrasea 5, 36 

Thrasymachi 7, 204 

Thrasylli 6, 576 

Thrax 3, 79 

Thule 15, 112 

thura 12, 90. 13, 116 

thure 9, 137 

Thyestae 8, 228 

Thymele I, 36. 6, 66 twice 

Thymeles 8, 197 

tliyrsumque 6, 70 

thyrsumve 7, 60 

tiara 6, 51G. 10, 267 

Tiberi 6, .523. 7, 121 

Tiberim 3, 62. 14, 202 

Tiberi n urn 8, 265 

Tiberinus 5, 104 

tibi 5, 118 

tibia 6, 314 

tibicina 2, 90 

tibicine 3, 63 193. 15, 19 

Tiburis 3, 192. 14, 87 

Tiburtino 1 1 , 65 

Tigellmum 1, 155 

tigdlo 7, 46 

ti^num 3, 246 

tigride 6, 270. 15, 163 

tigris 8, 36. 15, 163 

time 10, 26 

timeam 1, 103 

timeaiis 3, 57 

timeas 3, 310 

timeat 6, 51 

timebis 5, 172. 10, 20 

timemus 10, 4 

timendas 2,31 

timendus 4, 153 

timent 6, 95 

timeo 10, 84 

timeret 6, 17. 11, 92 

timeri 3, 1 13 

timet 1,35. 3, 190. 15, 119 
timetur 13, 227 
timidum 6, 524 
limidus 6, 633 
timor 1 , 85 
timuit 3, 190 
tinea 7,26 
tintinnabula 6, 44 1 
Tiresiam 13, 249 
tironem 16, 3 
tirunculus 11, 143 
Tirynthius 11,61 
Tisiphone 6, 29 
Titan 14, 35 
Titanida 8, 132 
Titio 4, 13 
titubantibus 15, 48 
tituli 8, 241 
titulique 10. 143 
titulis 5, 110. 8, 69 



titulo 6, 230. 11, 86 

titulos 1, 130. 14, 291 

titulum 6, 123 

titulumque 5, 34 

toga 1, 119. 3, 149. 8,240 

toga 10, 8 

togae 9, 29. 10, 39 

togam 2, 70. 3, 172. 11, 

204 
togatas 1, 3 
togata 8, 49 
togatac 1, 96 
togati 7, 142 
togatus 3, 127. 16, 8 
tolerabile 6, 613. 7, 69 
toleranda 6, 184 
tolerant 6, 593 
tollas 8, 122. 10, 142 
tollatur 6, 364 
tolle 6, 170 
tollendus 14, 268 
tollentibus 1, 81 
tollere 6, 38 
toilet 14, 247 
tolli 2. 101 
tollis 9, 84 
tollit 6, 321 
tollite 9, 105 
tollunt 13, 147 
tolluntur 6, 155 
tomacula 10, 355 
tonantem 13, 153 
tonat 13. 224. 14, 295 
tondendum 6, 378 
tondente 1, 25. 10, 226 
Tongilli 7, 130 
tonitrua 5, 1 17 
tonsi 11, 149 
tonsore 6, 26 
tonsoris 6, 373 
tophum 3, 20 
toiis 1, 136 

tormenta 9, 18. 14, 135 
tormentis 6, 209 
tormentum 2, 137 
toro 3,82. 13, 218. 15, 43 
torpente 10, 203 
torpentis 4, 43 
torqueat 1, 9. 3, 27. 6, 450 
torquentem 13, 165 
torquere 5, 155. 15, 64 
torqueas, verb, 5, 26 
torquet 6, 624. 14, 251 
torquetis 2, 56 
torquibus 16, 60 
torrens6,319. 10,9. 13,70 
torrente 5, 105 
torreotem 4, 90. 10, 128 
torrentior 3, 74 
torret 9, 17 
tortoque 1 1 , 70 



tortore 13, 125. 14, 21 

toitoribus 6, 480 
torva 10, 271 
toiva 6, 643 
torvisque 4, 147 
torum 6, 5 
torvum 2, 36 
torvumque 8, 155 
tor v us 13, 50 

tot 1, 137. 6, 502. 13, 18. 

15, 61. 16, 24 
tota 3, 10. 4, 150. 5, 21. 

6, 151 381. 9, 76. 10, 
18 237. 12, 100. 13,173. 
14, 148. 15, 8. 16, 20 

tota 6, 171. 8, 19 206. 9, 

13. 11, 141. 13, 61 206. 

14, 61 

totam 6, 398 616. 11, 183 

195. 14, 94 
totas 10, 7. 14,230 
totidem 1, 94. 7, 225. 13, 

26. 14, 13 
toties 1,2. 2,37. 6,44 94. 

7, 166 214. 9, 1. 10, 
187 250. 16, 44 

totis 6, 61. 8, 255. 10, 115 

totius 8, 115. 16, 43 

toto 2, 85. 4, 54. 6, 328 

402. 7, 97. 8,86. 10,24 

63 288. 11,66. 13.218. 

14, 154. 15, 55 91 
totos 1, 140 150. 6, 474. 

10, 323 
totum 3, 209. 6, 425 521 

525. 12, 128. 13, 153. 

14, 313. 15, 80 
totus 2,79. 7,226. 15, 110 
trabeas 10, 35 
trabeam 8, 259 
trabibus 14, 276 296 
tractanda 4, 80 
tractandum 1 1 , 28 
tractare 6, 102. 14, 254 
tractas 9, 53 
tractato 6, 550 
tractemus 16, 7 
tradat 6, 239 
tradentur 5, 1 16 
tradiderit 10, 299 
tradidit 14, 102 
tradit 8, 72 
traditur 2, 129 
traducimur 2, 159 
traducit 7, 16. 8, 17 
tradunt 15, 117 
traduntque 1 4, 3 
traduntur 6, 370 
tragosdo 6, 74 
tragcedum 6, 396 
tragicac 12, 120 



TO JUVENAL 



519 



tragicis 6, 643 
tragico 2, 29 
tragicos 15, 31 
trahat 10, 88 
trahere 13, 108. 15, 151 
traheretur 12, 11 
trahit 11, 23. 14, 37 325 
trahitis 2, 54 
trahitur 10, 99 
trahunt 8, 66 
tranquillae 10, 364 
transducebat 1 1, 31 
tianseo 6, 602. 10, 273 
transfert 3, 198. 5, 43 
transi 3, 114. 7, 190 
transient 14, 11 
transire 2, 151 
transitus 3, 236 
translatus3, 169 
transsiliet 14, 279 
transsilit 10, 152 
transversa 6, 483 
Trallibus 3, 70 
traxerat 4, 146 
traximus 15, 146 
Trebio 5, 135 
Trebium 5, 135 
Trebius 5, 19 
trechedipna 3, 67 
tremebunda 6, 525 
tremens 6, 543 
trementes 2, 94. 7, 241 
trementia 10, 198 
tremere 5, 11 
tremerent 11,90 
tremuli 6, 616 
tremulis 6, 96 
tremulo 1 1 , 164 
tremulumque 6, 622 
tremulus 10, 267. 16, 56 
trepida 9, 130 
trepidabis 10, 21 
trepidabit 8, 152 
trepidarn 3, 139 
trepidant 13, 223 
trepidantem 8, 250 
trepidantis 12, 15 
trepidas 14, 64 
trepidat 1, 97 
trepidatur 3, 200 
trepidi 2, 64. 14, 20 
trepido 1, 36. 14, 199 
trepidosque 10, 296 
trepidum 13, 106 
trepidumque 14, 246 
tres 2, 28. 5, 141. 6, 144. 

9, 90. 12, 95. 14, 169 
tria 5, 127 
tribuat 10, 301 
tribui 9, 39 

tribunal 8, 127. 10, 35 



Tribuni 1, 109. 3, 132. 7, 

228 

Tribunis 3, 313 
Tribune- 1,101. 2, 165. 11,7 
Tnbunos 7, 92 
tribus, ablative, 1 , 158 
tributa 3, 188 
tridentem 8, 203. 13, 81 
trientem 3, 267 
Trifolinus 9, 56 
triginta 12, 74 
triplicem 9, 7 
tripodes 7, 11 
triremis 10, 135 
triscurria 8, 190 
triste 6, 569. 13, 49. 14, 
110 

tristes 9, 69. 7, 2 
tristibus 2, 9. 6, 389 
tristis 1, 145. 2, 62. 3, 57. 

6, 128. 9, 1. 10, 136. 

11, 153 
tritas 6, 573 
tritoqua 8, 66 
tritus 13, 10 
triviale 7, 55 
trivio 6, 412 
triumphalem 8, 144 
triumphales 1, 129 
triumphi 4, 125 
triumpho 11, 192 
triumphos 6, 169. 7, 201. 

8, 107 
Troja 10, 258 
Trojanum 4, 61 
Troica 8, 221 
Trojugense 8, 181 
Trojugenas 1 , 100 
Trojugenis 1 1 , 95 
trophaeis 10, 133 
truces 15, 125 
trulla 3, 108 
trunca 12, 79 
truncis 10, 133 
trunco 13, 178 
truncoque 8, 53 
trutina 6, 437 
Trypberi 11, 137 
tu 8, 53 
tua 8, 68 
tuba 15, 52 
tuba 6, 250. 15, 157 
tubarum 10, 214 
tubas 1, 169. 6, 442 
tubera 5, 116 119. 14, 7 
tubicen 14, 243 
Tuccia 6, 64 
tuendis 8, 169 
tueri 13, 201 
tuetur 3, 201. 14, 302 
tui 5, 75. 9, 91. 10, 310 



tuis 8, 96 231 
tulerim 6, 651 
tulerit 2, 24. 6, 116 
tulisset 5, 4. 10, 278 
tulisti 9, 39 

tulit 2, 36. 6,131. 10,267. 

13, 105 
Tulli 5, 57 
Tullia 6, 308 
Tullius 7, 199 
tumentum 10, 309 
tumes 3, 293. 8, 40 
tumet 6, 462 
tumidaque 14, 282 
tumidae 2, 13 
tumidis 16, 11 
tumidum 13, 162 
tumultu 6, 420. 13, 130 
tunc 4, 28. 7, 96. 10, 47 
tundendum 6, 378 

tune 6, 192 641 642 
tunica 8, 235. 10, 38. 13, 
122 

tunicae 3, 179 254. 8, 207 

tunicam 1, 93. 14, 153 

tunicas 6, 446 477 521 

tunicati 2, 143 

tunicis 14, 287 

turba 4, 62. 5, 21. 6, 439. 

10, 73. 13, 46. 15, 46 
81 

turba 3, 239. 6, 196. 7, 
131 

turbamque 14, 167 
turb« 1, 96. 15, 61 
turbat 13, 222 
turbavit 6, 8. 14, 94 
turget 14, 138 
turgida 2, 141 
turgidus 1, 143 
Turni 12, 105 
Turnus 15, 65 
turpe3, 168. 4, 13. 6, 188 
390 457. 7, 5. 11, 175. 

14, 48 
turpern 6, 241 
turpes 1 , 78 
turpi 6, 241 299 

turpia 2, 9. 7, 239. 8, 182 

turpibus 14, 41 

turpis 2, 71 111. 6, 131. 

11, 174 
turpissimus 2, 83 
turpiter 6, 97. 8, 165 
turre 6, 29 1 
turribus 15, 158 
turrim 12, 110 
turris 10, 106 
turture 6, 39 

Tusca 8, 180 
Tusca 6, 186 



520 



VERBAL INDEX 



Tusco 6, 289. 10, 74. 11, 

109 
Tuscis 13, 62 
Tuscum 1 , 22 
tuta 9, 139 
tutas 3, 306 
tutela 14, 112 
tuti 12, 81 
tutor 8, 79. 10, 92 
tutos 5, 91. 15, 154 
tutum 3, 109 
tutus 4, 93. 11, 146 
Tydides 15, 66 
tympana 3, 64. 6, 515. 8, 

176 

Tyndaris 6, 657 
tyranni 4, 86. 10, 113 
tyrannide 8, 223 
tyrannis 8, 261 
tyranno 10, 162 
tyrannos 7, 151 
tyrannus 10, 307 
Tyrias 1, 27. 6, 246 
Tyrio 7, 134. 12, 107 
Tyri usque 10, 334 
Tyrrhcnanique 12, 76 
Tyrrhenos 6, 92 
Tyrrhenum 5, 96 



V. 

Vacantem 8, 118 

vacat 1,21. 5, 8 

vacua 3, 96 

vacuam 1, 124. 6, 122 

vacui 15, 23 100 

vacuis 3, 2. 8, 90. 10, 102 

vacuisque 1, 136 

vacuo 5, 17. 6, 68 

vacuumque 14, 57 

vacuus 10, 22 

vadas 11, 205 

vade 2, 131 

vadimonia 3, 213 298 

vadit 8, 168 

vadum 2, 151 

Vagelli 16, 23 

Vagelli 13, 119 

vaginae 5, 44 

vagilus 7, 196 

vale 3, 318 

valeant 15, 67 

valeat 6, 611. 13, 120 

valent 10, 145 

valentius 12, 63 

vale 6, 100. 8, 171. 10, 

238. 16, 4 
valida 11,5 
valle 2, 133 
vallem 3, 17 



vallibus 7, 7 
vallo 15, 120 
vallum 16, 16 
valvai 4, 68 
valvis 9, 98 
vana 13, 137. 16, 41 
vanac 7, 203 
vani 6, 638 
vanissime 14, 211 
vano 3, 159 
vanus 8, 15 
vapulo 3, 289 
varia 13, 236 
varicosus 6, 397 
varie 3, 264 
Van] 1 us 2, 22 
vas 7, 119 
vasa 3, 251 271. 6, 356. 

10, 101. 14, 62 
vascula 9, 141. 10, 19 
Vascones 15, 93 
vatem 7, 53 
vates 6, 436. 13, 199 
vati 6, 584. 7, 93 
vatibus 1,18 
Vaticano 6, 344 
vatis 11, 114. 13, 79 
vatum 7, 89 
ubera 6, 9. 12, 8 
ubcribus 6, 273 
uberior 1 , 87 

ubi 2,37.3, 12 296. 11,47 

ubicumque 4, 55 

ubique 1, 17. 3, 303. 8, 

104 238 
Ucalegon 3, 199 
uda J , 68. 9, 4 
udis 10, 321 
udo 8, 242 
udus 8, 159 
vectari 6, 577 
vectetur 4, 6 
Vecti 7, 150 
vectoris 12, 63 
vehatur 1, 158 
vehemens9, 11. 11, 34. 13, 

196 

vebementius 8, 37 

vehei is 5, 55 

vehetur 3, 239 

vehitur 4, 21. 6, 351 

vehunt 3, 256 

Veiento3, 185. 4, 113 123. 

6, 113 
vel 13, 125 

vela 6,228. 9, 105. 15,127 
velamen 3, 178 
velantes 14, 300 
velare 6, 391 
velari 6, 340 
velaria 4, 122 



velas 8, 145 
velificatus 10, 174 
velim 5, 107. 9, 1 
velint 7, 157 

velis, noun, 1, 149. 12, 22 
velis, verb, 10, 339. 11, 30 
velit 13, 176 
vellendas 11, 157 
vellera 2, 55 
vellere, noun, 6, 289 
velles 6, 282 

vellet 6, 598. 10, 184 282 

vellus 12, 4 

velo 12, 69 

velocis 13, 98 

velocius 14, 31 

velox 3, 73. 9, 126 

Velox 8, 187 

velut 1, 165. 4, 59. 5, 125. 

6,363. 13, 216 228 
veluti 1 1, 198 
vena 7, 53 
venabula 1, 23 
vena?que 9, 31 
Venafrano 5, 86 
venale 3, 33. 8, 62 
venales 12, 102. 14, 151 
venali 8, 162 
venalibus 3, 137 
venam 6, 46. 13, 125 
venantur 14, 82 
venator 4, 101 
venatricis 13, 80 
vendant 8, 192 
vendas 7, 10 
vendat 5, 98. 7, 87 
vendente 6, 258 
vendenti 6, 591 
vendentis6, 380 
vendere 4, 33. 8, 194. 14, 

200 
vendes 6, 212 
vendet 14, 218 
vendimus 10, 78 
vcndit 4, 27 twice. 6, 610. 

7, 10 135. 8, 128 
vendunt 6, 547. 7, 136. 8, 

193 

venefica 6, 626 
venena 7, 169. 14, 173 
veneniS, 17. 9, 100. 13, 154 
veneno 3, 123. 6, 631 
venenum 6, 133 
venerabile 13, 58. 15, 143 
venerantur 15, 8 
venerat 1, 111. 2, 166 
Venere 10, 362 
Venerem 10, 209 
Ventres 13, 34 
Veneri 2, 31 

Veneris 4, 40. 6, 138. 7, 



TO JUVENAL. 



521 



25. 10, 290. It, 165. 

16, 5 
veneris 13, 161 
venerit 5, 145 
veneto 3, 170 

veniam, noun, 2, 19 63. 
5, 42. 6, 535 540. 8, 

167. 11, 174. 15, 103 
veniam, verb, 3, 322 
veniant 7, 156 

venias 1, 98. 7, 29 
veniat 1, 32. 16, 27 
venient 13, 102 
veniente 3, 255 
venientibus 11, 113 
venientis 11, 106. 14, 65 
venies 11, 61 

vemet 1, 160. 3, 243. 5, 

168. 6, 332. 7, 184 185. 
8, 49. 10, 336. 11, 65. 
14, 277 

venis, verb, 3, 292 
venisse 6, 477. 10, 216 
venisset 4, 149. 10, 258 
venit 2, 83 157. 5, 83. 6, 

148 425. 7, 110. 8, 60. 

10, 18. 11, 160 
venit 4, 81. 5, 99. 10, 71 
venit, from veneo, 7, 174 
veniunt 6, 139 464. 11, 20 
venter 4, 107. 9, 136 
venti 1 , 9 
Ventidio 11, 22 
Ventidius 7, 199 
ventilat 1, 28. 3, 253 
ventis 12, 34 57 
vento 3, 83 
ventorum 13, 225 
ventosa 14, 58 
ventoso 8, 43 

ventre 5, 6. 6, 596. 12, 60 
ventrem6, 124. 11, 40. 14, 
199 

ventres 3, 167. 14, 126 149 

ventri 15, 174 

ventriculura 3, 97 

ventris 15, 100 

venture* 14, 59 

ventus 12, 67 

Venus 6, 300 570 

Venusina 1, 51 

Venusinara 6, 167 

ver 5, 116. 7, 208. 9, 51 

vera 2, 64 153. 4, 35. 10, 

3. 14, 240. 16, 33 
vera 8, 188 
veraque 15, 17 
versque 6, 251 
veram 7, 112 
veramque 13, 205 
veras 7, 168 



verba 4, 91. 6, 391 456. 
11, 8 

verbera 8, 267 

verberat 6, 48 1 

verbere 13, 194. 15, 21 

verberibus 10, 317 

verbis 2, 19 110. 6, 406. 

11, 170 
verborum 6, 440. 7, 230 
verbosa 10, 71 
verbum 1, 161 
vere 4, 88 
verebor 2, 21 
verendum 14, 115 
vergas 8, 136 
Yerginius 8, 221 
veris 3, 18. 13, 134 
verius 2, 15 
verna, noun, 1, 26 
vernam, noun, 9, 10 
vernula 5, 105. 10, 117. 

14, 169 
vernum 11, 203 
vernus 5, 78 
vero, noun, 4, 91 
vero 13, 84 
verpos 14, 104 
verre, verb, 14, 60 
Verrem 3, 53 
yerres 8, 106 
Verri 2, 26. 3, 53 
versamus 7, 49 
versare 8, 67 
versata 13, 218 
versetur 14, 206 
versibus 7, 153 
verso 3, 36 
versu 7, 86 
versum 1,79 

versus, noun, 6, 454 7, 

28. 11, 180 
vertere, perfect, 11, 49 
verterit 7, 242 
vertice 3, 252. 5, 171. 8, 

247. 11, 160. 12, 81 
vertigine 6, 304 
vertitur 6, 99 
vertunt 3, 30 
verubus 15, 82 
vervecis 3, 294 
vervecum 10, 50 
verum, noun, 3, 171. 6, 

143 325 
verum 3, 125. 9, 70. 12, 97 
vescebantur 15, 106 
vesci 15, 13 
vesica 1, 39 
vesicae 6, 64 
Vestam 4, 61 
Vestamque 6, 386 
veste 10, 245. 14, 110 

3 x 



vestem 2, 67. 6, 352. 12, 
38. 13, 132 

vester 7, 98 

vestibulis 1, 132. 7, 126 

vestibus 12, 68 

vestigia 6, 14 226. 13, 244. 

14, 36 53 272 
Vestinusque 14, 181 
vestis 6, 482 
vestit 11, 155 
vestiti 3, 135 
vestitur 6, 516. 12, 100 
vestram 3, 320 
vetat 10, 237 293 
vetent 6, 74 
vetera 3, 218 

veterem 4, 52 137. 6, 307. 
13, 61 

veteres 1, 132. 3, 11. 6, 
335 346 519. 7, 120170. 
8, 19. 10, 299. 14, 189 

veteri 5, 64. 6, 121 

veteris 3, 1 195. 4, 105, 5, 
35. 6,14 319. 9, 16. 13, 
147 214. 14, 37 184 

veterum 5, 13 

vetet 6, 628 

vetitum 14, 185 

veto 13, 128 

vetula 6, 194. 10, 195 

vetulae 1, 39. 6, 241. 14, 
208 

vetulo 13, 55. 16, 39 

vetulus 10, 268 

vetus 1, 76. 3, 206. 6, 21 

160. 15, 6 33 
vetusta 8, 34 
vetusto 15, 151 
vetustos 6, 162 
vexant 1, 100. 7, 64 
vexantur 2, 43 
vexare 1, 126. 6, 599 611. 

13, 108 133 
vexat 2, 63. 7, 131. 12, 9 
vexatae 6, 290 
vexatasque 11, 187 
vexatus 1, 2 
vexilla 2, 101 
vexillaque 8, 236 
vexillum 10, 156 
vexit 3, 65 
via 1,|39. 14, 223 
viam 14, 122 
vias 14, 103 
viator 10, 22 
vice 15, 53 
vicerit 13, 4 
vicerunt 10, 285 
vices 6, 311. 13, 88 
vicibus 7, 240 
vicimus 2, 163 



522 



VERBAL INDEX 



vicina4, 7. 6, 509. 14, 143. 

15, 76 
vicinarumque 6, 6 
vicinia 14, 154 
vicino 15, 154 
vicinorum 15, 36 
vicinos 6, 414 
vicinum 1,8. 6, 32 
vicinus 6, 152. 13, 185.16, 

37 

vicit 2, 143. 4, 136. 14, 

214 
vicorum 3, 237 
vicos 6, 78 
victa 10, 277 
victaeque 10, 135 
victi 6, 661 
victima 12, 113 
victis 8, 99. 11, 198. 12, 

126 
victo 10, 286 
victor 2, 73 
victori 7, 243 

victoria 1, 115. 8, 59 63. 

15, 47 
victoris 2, 162 
victrix 1,50. 13, 20. 15, 81 
victuni 14, 273 
victumque 6, 170 293. 7, 9 
victuro 9, 58 
victurus 6, 567 
victus 9, 2. 10, 84 
vicus 2, 8. 6, 656 
vidcant 10, 87 
videas 2, 76. 13, 170 182. 
14, 32 

videbat 2, 100 

videbis 1,91. 3, 177. 5, 25. 
6, 503. 14, 245 

videmus 4, 22. 13, 8 

videndus 6,601 

videntur 11, 121 

video G, 395. 13, 118 

videor 14, 322 

videres 11, 197 

videret 13, 56. 15, 172 

videri 6, 113 445 464 

videris 5, 161. 9, 20. 13, 
243 

viderit 9, 36 

viderunt 3, 314. 6, 23. 11, 
118 

vides 3, 249. 8, 90. 11, 9. 

12, 126. 13, 135 
videt 6, 408. 8, 149. 10, 

252 290. 13, 221 
videtur 3, 95. 6, 161 176 

201 505 580. 14, 142. 

16, 58 
vidi 7, 13. 16, 30 
vidimus 3, 6 



vidisse 14, 283 

vidisset 10, 36 

vidisti 7, 14 

vidistis 7, 205 

vidit 4, 92. 6, 104 215 

247. 10, 265. 14, 311. 

16, 30 
vidua 6, 141 
viduoe 4, 4 
viduam 6, 405 
viduas 8, 78 
vigeant 10, 240 
vigila 14, 192 
vigilando 3, 232 
vigilanti 1 , 57 
vigilantibus 3, 129 
vigilare 10, 162. 14, 305 
vigilat 8, 236 
vigilataque 7, 27 
vigilem 14, 260 
vigiles 3, 275 
vigili 13, 229 
viginti 9, 140 
vile 11, 97 
viles 13, 142 
vilibus 5, 146 
vilis 5, 4. 7, 174. 14, 269 
villa 14, 141 
villa 4, 1 12 
villarum 14, 89 
villas 1, 94. 7, 133. 10, 

225. 14, 95 275 
villica 11, 69 
villicus 3, 195 228. 4, 77 
vimine 3, 71 

vina 5, 51. 11, 159. 13, 

213 
vincant 1,110 
vincebat 14, 91 
vinccns 14, 90 
vincere 13, 112 
vinceris 14, 213 
vincis 8, 54 

vincitur 10, 159. 14, 145 

vincla 13, 186 

vinclis 3, 310 

vincuntur 6, 438 

vindex 10, 165 

vindice 4, 152. 8, 222 

vindicta 13, 180. 16, 22 

vindicta 13, 191 

villi 7, 236. 10, 203. 11, 

161 
vino 6, 386 
vinoque 5, 49. 6, 315 
vinosus 9, 113 
vinum 5, 24. 7, 97 121 
vinxerat 10, 182 
viola? 12, 90 
violare 15, 9 
violarent 3, 20 



violatae 13, 6 

violati 13, 219 

violato 6, 537 

violatus 11, 116 

violaverit 15, 84 

violentius 4, 86. 8, 37 

vipera 6, 641 

vir 2, 129. 6, 53 254 

virentem 12, 85 

vires 3, 180. 6, 253 

virga 3, 317. 8, 7 153 

virgae 7, 210 

virgamque 14, 63 

virgas 8, 23 136. 11, 67 

Virgilio 7, 69 

Virgilium 6, 435 

virgine 6, 506 

Virginia 10, 294 

virginis 15, 139 

virgo 3, 110. 8,265. 9,72. 

14,29 
virguncula 13, 40 
viri 6, 360 508 654. 9, 85. 

13, 12 

viribus 10, 10 209. 12, 42. 

15, 104 
viridem 5, 143. 9, 50 
virides 6, 228 458. 7, 118. 

14, 147 
viridi 3, 19 
viridis 11, 196 
viris 6, 130 455 

viro 1, 70. 2, 129. 4, 136. 

6, 112 224 270 389 575 
virorum 6, 399. 15, 48 
viros 2, 45. 6, 329. 10, 49 

223 304 
Virro 5, 39 43 128 149. 

9, 35 
Virrronem 5, 156 
Virroni 5, 99 
Virronibus 5, 149 
Virronis 5, 134 

virtus 1, 115. 6, 323. 8,20 
virtule2, 20. 4, 2. 15, 114 
virtutem 10, 141 364 
virtutibus3, 164. 6, 168 
virtutis 10, 141. 14, 109 
virum6, 116. 13, 64 
vis, verb, 1, 74. 2, 69. 
5, 74 135 138. 7, 165. 

10, 94 346. 14, 253 
vis, noun, 6, 440 

visa 6, 538. 14, 164. 15, 
40 

visa? 4, 114 
visam 11, 152 
visamque 6, 2 
viscantur 6, 463 
viscera 3, 44 72. 4, 111. 9, 
43 



TO JUVENAL. 



523 



visceribus 13, 15 
visci 9, 14 
visis 12, 74 
visne 10, 90 
visuque 14, 44 
visurus 6, 313 
vita 10, 343 

vita 11, 57. 13, 22 180 

235. 15, 108 
vitae7, 172. 9, 21 27 127. 

10, 188 247 275 358 

364. 11, 207. 12,70. 13, 

21. 14, 106 157 
vitam 4, 91. 8, 84. 12, 50. 

15, 161 
vitanda 8, 116 
vitare 6, 572 
vitari 3, 284 
vitem 8, 247. 14, 193 
vitia 2, 34. 13, 188 
vitibus 9, 56. 11, 72 
vitiis 4, 3. 6, 288 
vitio 3, 121. 12, 51 
vitioque 14, 69 
vitiorum 1, 87. 14, 32 123 
vitis 6, 375 

vitium 1, 149. 3, 182. 6, 
413. 8, 140. 14, 109 175 
vitreo 2, 95 
vitro 5, 48 
vittas 6, 50. 12, 118 
vittata 4, 9 
vituli 13, 117 
vitulisque 3, 238 
vitulum 2, 123 
vitulus 12, 7 
vivant 3, 29 
vivaria 3, 308. 4, 51 
vivas, verb, 8, 46 
vivat 6, 56 57. 12, 128 
vive 3, 228 

vivebant 6, 12. 13, 38 
vivebat 8, 103 
vivendi 8, 84. 11, 11 
vivendum 3, 197. 9, 118 
viventibus 10, 243 
viventis 6, 56 

vivere 2, 135. 5, 2. 7, 137. 

14, 137 
viveret 6, 18 
vivimus 3, 182 
vivit 6, 509. 8, 55 
vivite 14, 179 
vivitur 8, 9 

vivo, noun, 4, 10. 15, 69. 
16, 52 

vivunt 2, 3. 12, 51. 15,62 
vivus 2, 59 

vix 3, 251. 4, 109. 5, 68. 
6, 53 563 594. 9, 76. 
10, 214. 13, 14 26 74. 
14, 150 163. 15, 55 



vixeiat 10, 272 
vixerit 7, 235 
vixit 6, 56 
ulcisci 8, 222 
ulciscitur 6, 293 
ulciscuntur 9, 111 
ulcus 6, 473 

Ulixes9, 65. 11,31. 15, 14 
ulla 6, 41 
ullo 2, 42 
ulmea 11, 141 
ulmos 8, 78 
ulmosque 6, 150 
ulterior 4, 20. 7, 30 
ulterius 1, 147. 9, 38. 15, 
118 

ultima 2,34. 3,140. 6,128. 

8, 44. 9, 81. 10, 275. 

12,55. 15,95 
ultimus 3, 201 209. 4, 38. 

3,260. 10,342. 15, 90 
ultio 13, 2 191. 16, 19 
ultor 8, 216. 10, 165. 14, 

261 

ultra 2, 1 159. 3, 180. 5, 
18. 6, 190. 8, 164 199. 
10, 154. 14, 202 327. 
16, 26 

ultro 13, 108 

Ulubris 10, 102 

ululantque 6, 316 

umbellam 9, 50 

umbone 2, 46 

umbra 2, 157 

umbra 4, 6. 6, 4. 7, 8 105 

173. 14, 109 
umbrae 13, 52 
umbram 10, 21 
umbrarum 8, 65 
umbras 1, 9. 10, 258 
Umbricius 3, 21 
umbriferos 10, 194 
umbris 7, 207 
umbrosae 15, 76 
umquam 2, 168. 3, 51. 5, 

126. 6, 212 222 365. 9, 

48. 10, 120 279 
una 1, 138. 6, 443. 8, 213. 

10, 198. 11, 161. 13, 

160 166. 14, 39 
una 6, 119. 10, 185 
una 5, 18. 14, 243 
uncia 11, 131 
unciolam 1, 40 
unco 10, 66 
unctamque 8, 113 
unctis 3, 262 
uncum 13, 245 
unda 3, 244 
unda 14, 289 
undas 3, 19 

unde 1, 150. 2, 40 127. 3, 



229. 6, 286. 7, 76 188. 

9, 8. 10, 106. 14,56 207 
undis 12, 31 

undique 3, 247. 5, 81. 8, 

19. 9, 131 
unguem 10, 53 
unguenta 6, 303. 9, 128. 

11,122. 14, 204. 15, 50 
ungues 7, 232 
unguesque 5, 41 
unguibus8, 130. 13, 170 
ungula 7, 181 
uni 6, 206. 7, 38 
unica 8, 20. 10, 364 
unicus 8, 111. 9, 64 
unius 2, 80. 3, 231. 6,621 
uno 6, 54. 7, 167. 9, 133. 

11,53. 13, 173 243. 14, 

66 

unum 3, 225. 4, 128. 10, 
29. 12, 68. 14, 141 

unus 1,24.2, 163. 6,53 218. 
8, 214 tivice. 10, 168. 
14, 33 66 168. 15, 79 

vocale 7, 19 

vocalis 13, 32 

vocamus 8, 32 

vocandus 4, 1 

vocant 3, 316 

vocantem 13, 107. 15, 135 
vocantur 4, 72. 11, 176 
vocari 1, 99 
vocarit 14, 277 
vocat 3, 239. 6, 137 
vocato 14, 21 
vocatus 5, 63 

voce 2, 111. 4, 32. 6, 530. 

10, 198. 11, 180, 13,77 
vocem 3, 90. 6, 380. 7, 

82. 8, 185. 13, 1L4 205 
voces 7, 44 
vocibus 11, 172 
vocis7, 119. 8, 227 
volabant 8, 251 
volantem 1 , 54 
volanti 5, 121 
volat 10, 232 
volens 12, 38 
volenti 13, 159. 16, 13 
voles 6, 547. 8, 134 
Volesos 8, 182 
volet 6, 397. 7, 197 198. 

13, 92. 14, 185 
volo 3, 44. 6, 223 
Volscorum 8, 245 
Volsiniis 3, 191 
volvas 15, 30 
volucrem 8, 57. 10, 43 
volucres 11, 139. 13, 167 
volucri 8, 146 
volveris 10, 126 
volvente 13, 88 



524 



VERBAL INDEX TO JUVENAL. 



voluere 7, 209 
voluit 3, 40. 4, 69 
volvit 6, 496. 14, 299 
volvitque 6, 452 
volvitur 3, 55 
volumine 14, 102 
voluntas 6, 223. 13, 208 
voiunt3, 113. 7, 157. 10, 
97 

voluptas 1, 85. 6, 179 254 
368. 10, 210. 11, 120 
166. 13, 190 

voluptatem 14, 256. 15,90 

voluptates 11, 208 

Volusi 15, 1 

voluta, imperative, 1, 168 
vomer 3, 311 
vomere 15, 167 
vomicae 13, 95 
vomit 6, 432 
vorabit 1, 135 
vortice 13, 70 
vorlicibus 6, 524 
vota 10, 23 111 284. 14, 
250 

votaque 1, 133. 6, 602 
votique 10, 6 
votis 14, 298 
votiva 12, 27 
voto 6, 60 

votorum 5, 18. 10, 291 
votum 1, 85. 9, 147. 14, 
125 

votumque 3, 276 
voveasque 10, 354 
vovebit 12, 115 
vox 6, 197 318. 9, 78. 10, 

274. 11, 111. 14, 63 
urbani 13, 111 
urbe2, 162. 3, 22 235. 11, 

55. 16, 25 
urbem 1, 111. 2, 167. 3, 

61 193. 6, 398. 7, 83 

162. 8, 118 250. 10, 

171. 11, 112 198 
urbes 6, 411. 10, 284 
urbi 4,77 151. 6, 290. 10, 

341 

urbibus 10, 34. 11, 101. 

15, 104 
Urbicus 6, 71 

urbis 1, 31. 2, 126. 3, 9 
214. 6, 84. 8, 200. 10, 
285. 13, 157- 

urceoli 3, 203. 10,64 

urgeat 4, 59 

urgebant 13, 48 

urgente 6, 593 



urgentibus 12, 53 
urgentur 6, 425 
urget 13, 220 
urina 11, 168 
urinam 6, 313 
urit 6, 260 
uritur 14, 22 

urna6, 426. 7, 208. 13,4. 

15, 25 
urnae 10, 242. 12, 44 
urnamque 1, 164 
urnas 7, 236 
Ursidio 6, 38 42 
ursis 15, 164 
ursos 4, 99 
urtica 2, 128 
urticae 11, 166 
usi 15, 93 

usquam 8, 122. 12, 103. 
14, 43 

usque 10, 1 201 291. 13, 

158. 15, 82 
usque adeo 3, 84. 5, 129. 

6, 182 
usu 13, 18 
usuram 9, 7 

usus 4, 139. 11, 118 208 
ut 6, 197. 7, 124 187. 9, 
147 

ut, for quamvis, 9, 70 twice 
103. 10, 240. 13, 100 

utybrstatim atque 4, 63 

utque 4, 60. 6, 87 

utcumque 10, 271 

utere 1, 149 

uteris 6, 196 

utero 10, 309 

uterum 6, 599 

uterque 10, 118. 15, 37 

utile 3, 48. 6, 240 359. 7, 
96 135. 9, 27 124. 10, 
348 

utilior 4, 84 

utilis 6,210. 14, 71 72 

utilium 12, 52 

utimur 8, 184 

utinam 4, 150. 6, 335 638 

utitur 5, 170 

utres 15, 20 

utrimque 6, 582. 15, 35 
utroque 2, 50 
utrumque 9, 19. 10, 118 
uva 2, 81. 13, 68 
uvaque 2, 81 
uvae 11, 72 
uvam 5, 31 
V ulcani 1 , 9 
Vulcaniaque 8, 270 



Vulcano 10, 132 
Vulcanus 13, 45 
vulgi 3, 36 260. 7, 85. 8, 

44. 10, 51 89. 11, 3. 

15, 29 
vulgo 13, 35. 15, 36 
vulgus2, 74. 15, 126 
vulnera 5, 27. 6, 247 
vulnere3, 150. 8,210. 10, 

112. 13, 12. 15, 54 156 
vulneribus 2, 73. 14, 164 
vulnus 8, 98. 15, 34 
vult 3, 53. 6, 465. 10, 338. 

14, 176 177. 15, 141 
vultu 2, 17. 4, 104. 6, 418. 

9,3. 10,189. 14,52 285 
vultuque 14, 1 10 
vultum 3, 105. 6, 467. 7, 

238. 8, 205. 10, 191 

234. 11, 187. 15, 170 
vultumque 10, 300 
vultur 14, 77 
vulturibus 4, 111 
vulturis 13, 51. 14, 79 
vultus9, 12. 10, 68 
vuitus 11, 154. 13, 77 
vultus, plural, 8, 2 
vuitus, accusative plural, 15, 

56 

vulva 11, 81 
vulva? 6, 129 
vulvam 2, 32 

uxor 1, 122. 5, 140. 6, 5 
45 116 143 211 267 348 
535 617. 9, 72. 10, 272 
330 353. 11,185. 13, 43. 
14, 168 

uxorem 1, 22. 3, 94. 6, 28 
76 166. 14, 331 

uxori 1, 56. 10, 201 

uxoria 6, 206 

uxoris 5, 148. 10, 352 



X. 

Xerampelinas 6, 519 



Z. 

Zalates 2, 164 
zelotypae 6, 278 
zelotypo 5, 45 
zelotypus 8, 197 
Zenonis 15, 107 

Ka) ^v^ts 6, 195 
zonam 14, 297 



VEEBAL INDEX 

TO 

PERSIUS'S SATIRES. 



P. denotes the Prologue. 



A. 

Abaco 1, 131 
ablatura 1, 100 
abrodens 5, 163 
ac I, 10 35 
accedam 5, 173 
accedas 1, 6 
accedat 6, 67 
accedo 6, 55 
Acci 1, 50 76 
accipio 5, 87 
acerra 2, 5 
acervi 6, 80 
aceti 4, 32 
aceto 5, 86 
acre 4, 34. 5, 127 
acri 2, 13. 3, 23. 

5, 14 
actus 5, 99 
ad sacra P. 7 
ad morem 3, 31 
ad populum phale- 

ras 3, 30 
adde 6, 58 
addita 1, 92 
adductis 3, 47 
adeo 6, 14 51 
adhuc 3, 58 
admissus 1, 117 
admoveam 2, 75 
adraovit 6, 1 
adsit 3, 7 
adsonat 1, 102 
advehe 5, 134 
adverso 1, 44 
adunca 4, 40 
aedes 2, 36 
aeddis 1, 130 
.Egaeurn 5, 142 
aegris 3, 88 
aegro 5, 129 
a?groti 3, 83 



aenos 2, 56 
aequali 5, 47 
aera 2, 59. 3, 39 
aerumnis 1, 78 
32rumnosique 3, 79 
affero P. 7 
afferre 1, 69 
afflate 1, 123 
agam 5, 134 
agaso 5, 76 
age 2, 17 42. 6, 52 
agedum 2, 22 
agendo 5, 97 
ager 6, 52 
agis 3, 5. 5, 154 
agitare 6, 5 
agitet 5, 129 
agnum 5, 167 
ah 1, 8 
ais 1, 2. 4, 27 
ait 1, 40 85. 3, 7. 

5, 163 
alba 1, 110. 5, 183 
albas 1, 59 
albata 2, 40 
albo 3, 98 
albus 1, 16. 3, 115. 
alea 5, 57 
algente3, 111 
alges 3, 115 
alia 3, 36 
alienis 1, 22 
aliquem 1, 129 
aliquid 1, 125. 3, 

60. 5, 137. 6, 32 

64 

aliquis 1, 32. 3, 8 
77 

aliud 4, 19. 5, 68 
alius 5, 83. 6, 18 
alii 5, 188 
alter 1, 27. 6, 76 
altera 5, 67. 6, 26 



alternus 5, 155 156 
alto 3, 33 103. 5, 95 
araarum 4, 48 
ambages 3, 20 
ambiguum 5, 34 
ambitio 5, 177 
ambo 5, 43 
amborum 5, 45 
amens 3, 20 
amice 5, 23 
amicis 3, 47. 5, 109 
amico 1, 116 
amicus 6, 28 
amitis 6, 53 
amo 1, 55 
amomis 3, 104 
amplexa 5, 182 
ancipiti 5, 156 
ancipitis 4, 11 
angues 1, 113 
angulus 6, 13 
angustee 3, 50 
angustas 3, 2 
anhelanti 5, 10 
anhelet 1, 14 
animae 1, 14. 2,61. 

5, 23 
aniraam 6, 75 
animo, ublat. 2, 73 
animo, dat. 5, 65 
animus 4, 7. 5, 39 
anne 3, 39 
annos2, 2. 5, 36 69 
annuere 2, 43 
anseris 6, 71 
Anticyras 4, 16 
Antiopa 1, 78 
antithetis 1, 86 
anus 4, 19 
Apennino 1, 95 
aperto 2, 7 
apponit 2, 2 
apposita 5, 38 



Appula 1, 60 
aprici 5, 179 
aptas 5, 140 
aptaveris 5, 95 
aptior 2, 20 twice 
aptius 1, 45 46 
aqualiculus 1, 57 
arat 4, 26 
arator 5, 102 
aratra 1, 75 
aratro 4, 41 
Arcadiae 3, 9 
arcana 5, 29 
arcanaque 4, 35 
Arcesilas 3, 79 
arcessis 2, 45 
arcessor 5, 172 
arctos 5, 170 
arcum 3, 60 
Areti 1, 130 
argenti 2, 11 52 
argento 3, 69 
aris 6, 44 
aiistas 3, 115 
arma 1, 96. 6, 45 
arripit 5, 159 
ars 5, 105 
articulos 5, 59 
artifex P. 1 1 
artificemque 5, 40 
artifices 1, 71 
artis P. 10 
artocreasque 6, 50 
arundo 3, 1 1 
asini 1, 121 
asper 3, 69 
aspexi 1, 10 
aspice 1, 125 
assem 1, 88 
assensere 1, 36 
assidue 3, 1 
assiduo 4, 18 
assigna 5, 81 



526 



VERBAL INDEX 



ast 2, 39. 6, 27 74 
astringas 5, 110 
astrum 5, 51 
astutam 5, 117 
attinge 3, 108 
attamen 2, 48. 5, 
159 

Attis 1, 93 105 
avaritia 5, 132 
audaci 1, 123 
aude 6, 49 
audi 6, 42 
audiat 2, 8 
audiet 5, 137 
audire 1, 84 
audiret 3, 47 
audis 1, 125 
avia 2, 31. 6, 55 
avias 5, 92 
avidos 5, 150 
avis 1, 46 
auratis 3, 40 
aurea 2, 58 
aure I, 126.6, 70 
aurem 2, 21. 5, 86 
96 

aures 4, 50. 5, 63 
auriculas 1, 59 108 

121. 2, 30 
auriculis 1, 22 23 
auro 2, 53 55. 4,44. 

5, 106 
aurura 2, 59 69 
ausim 5, 26 
Auster 6, 12 
aut 5, 88 twice. 6, 16 
avunculus 6, 60 
axe 5, 72 



B. 

Baccam 2, 66 
balanatum 4, 37 
balba 1, 33 
balnea 5, 126 
balteus 4, 44 
barba 2, 58 
barbam 1, 133. 2, 
28 

barbatum 4, 1 
baro 5, 138 
Bassaris 1, 101 
Basse 6, 1 
Bathylli 5, 123 
Baucis 4, 21 
beatulus 3, 103 
belle 1, 49 twice 
bellum 1, 87 twice 
bene 1, 111. 4, 22 
30 



Berecyntius 1 , 93 
Bestius 6, 37 
beta 3, 114 
bibulas 4, 50 
bicipiti P. 2 
bicolor3, 10 
bidental 2, 27 
bile 2, 14. 4, 6 
bilis 3, 8. 5, 144 
bis terque 2, 16 
blandi 5, 32 
blando 4, 15 
bombis 1, 99 
bona 2, 5 8 63. 6, 

21 37 
bone 2, 22. 3, 94. 

6, 43 
boni 4, 17 
bove 2, 44 
boves 1, 74 
Bovillas 6, 55 
bracatis 3, 53 
brevis 5, 121 
Brisaei 1, 76 
bruroa 6, 1 
Bruttia 6, 27 
Bruto 5, 85 
buccas 5, 1 3 
bullaque 5, 31 
bullatis 5, 19 
bullit 3, 34 
buxum 3, 51 



C. 

Caballino P. 1 
cachinno 1, 12 
cachinnos 3, 87 
cadat 5, 91 
cadunt 3, 102 
caeco 1 , 62 
caecum 4, 44 
coedimus 4, 42 
caadit 1, 106 
caelestium 2, 61 
caepe 4, 31 
caarulea 6, 33 
caaruleum 1, 94 
Caesare 6, 43 
cseso 2, 44 
Caesonia 6, 47 
Calabrum 2, 65 
calamo 3, 12 19 
calcaverit 2, 38 
calces 3, 105 
calet 3, 108 
calice 6, 20 
calidae 4, 7 
calido 5, 144 
calidum 1, 53 



calidumque 3, 100 
callem 3, 57 
calles 4, 55, 105 
callidior 3, 51 
callidus 1, 118. 5, 
14 

Callirhoen 1, 134 
caloni 5, 95 
calve I, 56 
camelo 5, 136 
Camena 5, 21 
camino 5, 10 
campo 5, 57 
campos 2, 36 
candelae 3, 103 
Candida 3, 110 
candidus 2, 2. 4, 20. 

5, 33 
canicula 3, 5 49 
canina 1, 109 
canis 1, 60. 5, 65 

159 
canitiem 1, 9 
cannabe 5, 146 
cano 1, 83 
cantare P. 14 
cantas 1, 89 
cantaverit 4, 22 
cantet 1, 88 
canthum 5, 71 
canto 5, 166 
capillis 3, 10 
capita 3, 8 106. 5, 

18 

capiti 1, 83 
Cappadocas 6, 77 
caprificus 1, 25 
captis 6, 46 
caput 1, 100. 2, 16. 

3, 58. 5, 188 
carisque 3, 70 
carbone 5, 108 
caret culpa 3, 33 
carmen P. 7. 
carmina 1, 20 43 

63. 5, 2 
carminis 5, 5 
carpamus 3, 151 
casiae 6, 36 
casiam 2, 64 
casses 5, 170 
castiges 1, 7 
castoreum 5, 135 
catasta 6, 77 
catenae 5, 160 
catino 3, 111 
catinum 5, 182 
Catonis 3, 45 
cauda 5, 183 
caudam 4, 15 
caules 6, 69 



causas 3, 66 
cautus 4, 49. 5, 24 
cedo,/o?- da, 2, 75 
cedro 1, 42 
celsa 1, 17 
censen 5, 168 
censoremque 3, 29 
centenas 5, 26 
centeno 5, 6 
centum 1, 29. 5, 1 
2 twice 191. 6, 48 
centuriones 5, 189 
centurionum 3, 77 
centusse 5, 191 
ceraso 6, 36 
cerdo 4, 51 
certe 5, 51 
certo 5, 45 100 
certum 5, 65 
cervice 1, 98 
cervices 3, 41 
cespite 6, 31 
cessas 5, 127 
cesses 4, 33 
cessit 5, 30 
cetera 5, 122 
ceves 1, 87 
Chaerestratus 5, 162 

chartae 3, 1 1 
chartis 5, 62 
chiragra 5, 58 
clilamydes 6, 46 
chordae 6, 2 
Chrysidis 5, 165 
Chrysippe 6, 80 
cicer 5, 177 
ciconia 1, 58 
cicutae 4, 2. 5, 145 
cinere 6, 41 
cinis 1, 36. 5, 152. 

6, 45 
cinnama 6, 35 
cippus 1, 37 
circum, preposition, 

1, 32 1 17 
cirralorum 1, 29 
citius 5, 95 
cit5 5, 161 
citreis 1, 53 
cives 6, 9 
cladem 6, 44 
clam 1, 119 
clamet 2, 22 23 
clare 2, 8. 6, 51 
clarum 3, 1 
claudere 1, 93 
clauso 5, 11 
Cleanthea 5, 64 
clientis 3, 75 
clivumque 6, 56 



TO PERSIUS. 



527 



Coa 5, 135 
cocta 3, 22 
coctum 1, 97 
coena 5, 147 
ccenara 6, 38 
coenanda 5, 9 
coenare 6, 16 
cognoscere 6, 9 
cognoscite 3, 66 
colligis 1 , 22. 5, 85 
collo 3, 50 
colluerit 1, 18 
comitem 1, 54 
corailes 5, 32 
comitura 3, 7 
committere 2, 4 
commota 4, 6 
compage 3, 58 
compescere 5, 100 
compita 4, 28. 5, 35 
compositas 3, 91 
compositum 2, 73 
compositus 3, 104 
conari P. 9 
cognatis 5, 164 
concessit 5, 119 
conchae 2, 66 
concordia 5, 49 
condidit 6, 29 
conditur 2, 14 
connives 6, 50 
consentire 5, 46 
consumere 5, 41 
consumsimus 5, 68 
contemnere 3, 21 
contentus 5, 139 
continet 5, 98 
continuo 5, 190 
contra 5, 96 
convivae 1, 38 
coquatur 6, 69 
coquit 3, 6 
coquitur 5, 10 
cor 1, 78. 2, 54. 3, 

111. 6, 10 
corbes 1,71 
cornea 1, 47 
cornicaris 5, 12 
cornua 1, 99 
Cornute 5, 23 37 
corpora 5, 187 
corpusque 2, 41 
corrupto 2, 64 
cortice 1, 96 
corvos P. 13. 3, 61 
corymbis 1, 101 
costa 6, 31 
costam 1, 95 
coxit 2, 65 
eras 5, 66 twice 68 

twice 
crassa 2, 42 



Crassi 2, 36 
crassisque 3, 104 
crasso 6, 40 
crassos 5, 60 
ci assum 5, 190 
crassus 3, 12 
crater as 2, 52 
Cratero 3, 65 
Cratino 1, 123 
credam 4, 47 
credas P. 14. 5, 161 
crede 4, 1 
credens 1, 129 
credere 5, 80 
crepet 2, 11. 5, 25 
crepidas 1, 127 
crepuere 3, 101 
creta 5, 108 
cretata 5, 177 
cribro 3, 112 
crimina 1, 85 
crispante 3, 87 
Crispini 5, 126 
crudi 1,51 
crudis 1, 92 
crudo 2, 67 
crudum 5, 162 
crura 4, 42 
cubito 4, 34 
cuinam 2, 19 
cuique 5, 53 
cuivis 2, 6 
cujus 4, 25 
culpa 3, 33 
culpam 5, 16 
cultor 5, 63 
cultrixque 3, 26 
cumini 5, 55 
cunis 2, 31 
cur 3, 16 85. 5, 89. 

6, 61 
curas, noun, 1, 1 
curata 4, 18 
cures 2, 18 
Curibus 4, 26 
euro 3, 78 
curras 5, 72 
currere 3,91 
curta 4, 52 
curtaveris 6, 34 
curto 5, 191 
curva 4, 12 
curvae 2, 61 
curvos 3, 52 
curvus 6, 16 
custos 5, 30 
cuticula 4, 18 
cutis 3, 63 
Cynico 1, 133 

D. 

Da 2, 45 46. 4, 45 



dabit 6, 35 
dabitur 2, 50 
Dama 5,76 79 
damnosa 3, 49 
damus 2, 71. 5, 22 
dant 6, 8 

dare 2, 71. 5,20 93 
dat 1, 68 
datum 5, 124 
datus 3, 68 
Dave 5, 161 168 
de 1, 33 55 109. 3, 

77 84 92. 5, 92. 

6, 30 31 
deque 6, 55 
debilis 5, 99 
deceat3, 27 71 114 
decenter 1, 84 
deceptus 2, 50 
decerpere 5, 42 
decies 6, 79 
decipe 4, 45 
decoctius 1, 125 
decoquit 5, 57 
decor 1, 92 
decorus 4, 14 
decursu 6, 61 
decussa 3, 112 
dedecus 1,81. 5,163 
dederam 5, 118 
dedit 5, 105 
deest 6, 64 
defecerit 3, 76 
defensis 3, 74 
defer 5, 126 
defigere 5, 16 
Dei, for Dii, 6, 30 
deinde 4, 8. 5, 143 
delphin 1, 94 
delumbe 1, 104 
demersus 3, 34 
demorsos 1, 106 
demum 1, 64 
denique 1, 52 
dentalia 1, 73 
dente 6, 21 
dentes 3, 101 
Deorum 2, 29 
Deos 5, 187 
depellentibus 5, 167 
deposcere 5, 26 
deprendere 3, 52 
depunge 6, 79 
deradere 4, 29 
descendere 4, 23 
definis 4, 16 
despuat 4, 35 
despumare 3, 3 
destertuit 6, 10 
detenus 3, 96. 4, 21 
detonsa 3, 54 
detonsus 4, 38 



deunces'5, 150 
Deus 3, 71. 6, 62 
dexter 3, 48 
dextram 3, 107 
dextro2, 11. 3, 57. 

5, 114 
dia 1,31 

die 2, 22. 4,3. 6,51 
dicam 1, 56. 6, 58 
dicas 1, 23. 3, 9. 5, 

17 158 171 
dicat 3, 42 78. 4, 46 
dicenda 4, 5 
dicere 1, 8 44 68 

128. 4, 2 
dicier 1, 28 
dicisque 3, 117 
dicit 3, 90 
dicite 1, 55. 2, 69 
dicta 6, 66 
dictarunt 1, 52 
dictata 1,29 
dictaturam 1, 74 
didicisse 1 , 24 
didicit 1, 93 
diducit 5, 35 
diduxit 3, 56 
diem 2, 1. 4, 15. 5, 

67 

dies 3, 15. 5,46 60 
180 

digito 1, 28. 2, 33. 

5, 138 
digitum 5, 119 
digna 1, 42 
dignoscere 5, 24 105 
diluis 5, 100 
dilutas 3, 14 
Dinomaches 4, 20 
dira 3, 36. 4, 2 
dirigat 1, 66 
dirigis 3, 60 
dirimebat 1 , 94 
Dis 2, 63. 4, 27. 5, 

167. 6, 48 
disce 3, 73. 5, 91 
discedo 1,114 
discere 3, 46 
discernis 4, 1 1 
discincti 3, 31 
discincto 4, 22 
discite 3, 66 
discolor 5, 52 
discrepet 6, 18 
discutitur 2, 25 
disponimus 5, 43 
dispositae 5, 181 
dissolvit 2, 64 
dissutis 3, 59 
ditescant 6, 15 
diversum 5, 154 
dives 4, 26 



528 



VERBAL INDi-X 



dividit 5, 49 
divis 2, 4 

divum 2, 31. 3, 35 
dixeris 5, 113 189 
dixit 5, 81 
do 1, 134 
docet 3, 53 
doctas 1, 86 
doctores 6, 38 
doctus 5, 16 
docuit P. 9 
dolores 5, 161 
dolosi P. 12 
domini 5, 130 
dominos 5, 156 
dominum 5, 125 
dominus 5, 78 
domo 3, 92 
domum 1 , 75 
domusque 2, 25 
dona 2, 53 
donant 5, 82 
donare 1, 54 
donas 5, 67 
donata 5, 31 
donats 2, 70 
donaveris 4, 50 
donee 2, 50 
dubites 5, 45 
ducentis 5, 4 
ducere 2, 63. 5, 83 
duci, verb, 5, 46 
ducis, verb, 3, 28 
ducis, noun, 6, 48 
ducit 5, 40 176 
dudum 3, 6 
dulcia 5, 161 
dulcis 5, 23 109 
dum 4,21. 5, 10 92 

165 
duo I, 3 
duorum 5, 49 
duos 1, 113 
duplica 6, 78 
duplici 5, 154 
durum 3, 1 12 

E. 

E manibus L, 38. 3, 
101 

e tumulo 1, 39 
e sitiente camelo 5, 
136 

ebenum 5, 135 
ebria 1, 51 
ebrius 5, 166 
ebullit 2, 10 
ecce 1,30 69. 2,31. 

5,68 
eeho 1, 102 
ecquid 3, 65 



edictum 1 , 134 

effluis 3, 20 

effundat 1, 65 

egerit 5, 69 

egit 5, 131 

ego 1,45. 5,26 124. 

6, 12 22 62 
egregie 6, 49 
egregios 6, 6 
egregium 4, 46 
eheu 5, 137 
eia 5, 132 
elargiri 3, 71 
elegidia 1, 51 
elevet 1, 6 
eliquat I, 35 
elixasque 1, 40 
emaci 2, 3 
emeris 2, 30 
emeruit 5, 74 
emole 6, 26 
emta 6, 20 
en 1,26. 3,5. 5,154 
enarrabile 5, 29 
enim 1, 47 63. 5, 

63 

Enni 6, 10 
ensis 3, 40 
epulis 3, 98. 5, 42 
equidem 1, 1 10. 5, 

19 45 
erat 3, 49. 5, 93 
Ergennaque 2, 26 
eris 6, 42 
erit 1,4. 5, 69 
eritis 1,111 
error 5, 34 
escas 1, 22 
essedaque 6, 47 
etenim 1,111 
etsi 6, 14 

euge 1, 49 75 111. 

5, 167 
Evion 1, 102 
evitanda 5, 107 
evitandumque 2, 27 
Eupolidem 1, 124 
ex adverso 1, 44 
ex humero 1 , 90 
ex tempore 3, 62 
examen 5, 101 
examenque 1, 6 
excepto 5, 90 
exclamet 5, 103 
excussit 3, 1 15 
excusso 1, 118 
excute 1, 49. 6, 75 
excutias 2, 54 
excutienda 5, 22 
excutit3, 101 
excutitur 6, 45 
exemit 2, 32 



exhalante 3, 99 
exhalet 5, 148 
exieras 5, 174 
exierit 1 , 25 
exime 6, 67 
exis 5, 130 
exit 1,45 46. 5,78. 

6, 60 
exoptas 2, 44 
exossatus 6, 52 
expecta 4, 19 
expedivit P. 8 
exp. rs 6, 139 
expiat 2, 34 
exporrecto 3, 82 
expungam 2, 13 
exsere 5, 1 19 
exspes 2, 50 
exstat 4, 38 
exstet 1, 57 
exsultal 1, 89 
exsuperat 3, 82 
extendit3,2 105. 5, 

38 

extineta 5, 166 
extinxerit 5, 145 
extis 2, 48. 6, 71 
extra 1,7 113 
extremumque 1 , 48 
extrinsecus 5, 128 

F. 

Fabula 5, 3 152 
face 3, 116. 5, 166 
facere 5, 97 
faciam 1, 12. 5, 172 
facies, noun, 2, 56 
facinus 1, 10 
facis 4, 48 
facisque 3, 117 
facit 2, 69. 5, 76 
ffEcem 4, 32 
fagi 5, 59 
Falernum 3, 3 
fallere 5, 37 
fallier 3, 50 
fallit 4, 12 
fama 2, 8 
far 3, 25. 5, 74 
farina 3, 112 
farina? 5, 115 
fanagine 5, 77 
farrata 4, 31 
farre 2, 75 
fas 1 , 8 twice. 3, 69. 

5, 98 
fas est 1, 61. 6, 25 
fasque 2, 73 
fata 5, 49 
fauces 3, 1 13 
faucibus 3, 89 



favilla 1, 39 
faxit 1, 112 
feci 1,44. 6, 78 
fecisse 4, 7 
felix 1, 37 
feneris 6, 67 
fenestra 5, 180 
fenestras 3, 1 
feram, verb, 2, 53 
ferat 3, 62 
fermentum 1 , 24 
ferret 3, 48 
fert animus 4, 7 
ferrum 5, 4 
ferto 2, 48 
ferveat 1, 126 
fervebit 5, 9 
ferventi 3, 37 
ferventis 2, 67 
fervescit 3, 116 
fervet 4, 6 
ferus 5, 171 
festfi 6, 69 
festuca 5, 175 
fetum 2, 46 
fiat 2,38 

fibra 1, 47. 2,45. 5, 
183 

fibris 2, 26. 3, 32 
fictile 2,60 
fidele 2, 41 
fidelia 3, 22 73. 5, 
183 

fidelibus 5, 48 
fides, noun, 2, 8 
fierent 1, 103 
fies 5, 152 
fiet 5, 66 twice 
figas 4, 33 
figentes 3, 80 
figit 4, 28 
figura 6, 73 
figuras 1 , 86 
filius 6, 59 
filix 4, 41 
finditur 3, 9 
fine 3, 24 
finem 5, 65 
finemque 1, 48 
fingendus 3, 24 
finire 5, 161 
finitor 6, 80 
fissa 6, 70 
fistula 3, 14 
fit 6, 38 
fixi 5, 27 
fixum 5, 111 
Flaccus 1, 116 
flagellas 4,49 
flagello, noun, 3, 51 
flammas 2, 47 
flexura 1, 101 



TO PEUSIUS. 



529 



flexus 3, 68 
Floralia 5, 178 
fluere 1, 64 
flumine 2, 16 
foci 3, 26 
foco 6, 1 
focus 1, 72 
fcedere 5, 45 
fcenisecaa 6, 40 
fceno 1, 72 
fcenoris 6, 67 
fcetum 2, 46 
folle5, 11 
fonte P. 1 
forcipe 4, 40 
forent 5, 107 
fores, noun, 5, 166 
forte 1, 45 108 125. 

3, 109 
fortunare 2, 45 
fortunataque 1, 39 
fossor 5, 122 
fracta 1, 89 
fractus 1, 18 
frangam 5, 165 
f range 6, 32 
frangimus 5, 50 
fratres 2, 56 
fregerit 1, 130. 5, 59 
f regit 1, 115 
fretus 4, 3 
frigent3, 109 
frigescant 1 , 109 
frigidus 6, 45 
fronte 5, 116 
frontem 5, 104 
frontemque 2, 32 
fruge 5, 64 
frustra 3, 63. 5, 71 
fueris 5, 1 15 
fuge 6, 65 
fugit 5, 153 160 
fuisse 1, 29 
fulta 1, 78 
fulto 5, 146 
fumo 5, 20 
fumosa 1, 72 
fumosum 6, 70 
funde 2, 3 
fundo, noun, 2, 51 
funemque 5, 118 
funeris 6, 33 
funus 2, 10 
fur 1, 85 

G. 

Galli 5, 186 
gannit 5, 96 
gauderel, 132.6,63 
gausapa 6, 46 



gausape 4, 37 
gemina 4, 10 
geminos 5, 49. 6, 18 
gemuerunt 3, 39 
generis 6, 60 
generoso 2, 74 
geuerum 2, 37 
genio 2, 3. 5, 151. 

6, 19 
genioque 4, 27. 6, 

48 

gente 3, 77 
genuinum 1, 115 
Germans 6, 44 
gestas 6, 49 
gestit 1, 127 
gigni 3, 83 
gignimur 3, 67 
glutto 5, 112 
Glyconi 5, 9 
Graece 1, 70 
Grascos 5, 191 
Graiorum 1, 127 
Graios 6, 38 
grana 5, 55 
granaria 5, 110. 6, 
25 

grande 1, 14. 5, 7 
grandesl,68. 5,186 
grandi 3, 55 
grandia 3, 45. 6,22 
grave 5, 12 
gravem 5, 50 
gravis 3, 89 
gregibus 2, 46 
gurgite 2, 15 
gurgulio 4, 38 
gustaveris 5, 188 
guttas 2, 54. 3, 14 
guttur 1, 17 
gutture 3, 97. 5, 6 

H. 



helleborum 3, 63. 5, 
100 

heminas 1, 130 
herba 6, 26 
Hercule 1, 2. 2, 12 
heres 2, 12. 6, 33 

41 56 
herilis 5, 131 
heroas 1, 69 
Herodis 5, 180 
hesterni 3, 106 
hesternum 3, 59. 5, 

68 

heu 5, 75 
heus2, 17. 3,94 
hianda 5, 3 
hiantem 5, 176 
hibernatque 6, 7 
hircosa 3, 77 
hoc 5, 82 &c. 
hoc pacto 4, 43 
hominis 3, 118 
hominum 1, 1. 5, 52 
98 

honesto 2, 74. 6, 5 
honore 1, 129 
hora 5, 48 153 
horoscope 6, 18 
horridulum 1, 54 
hortante5, 21 
hos 2, 62 
hospes 2, 8 
huccine 3, 15 
humana 3, 72 
humero 1, 90 
humeros 1, 32 
humilesque 2, 6 
humor 3, 12 
hunccine 5, 155 
hyacinthina 1 , 32 
Hypsipylas 1, 34 

I. J. 



igitur 1, 98. 2, 21. 
4, 14. 5, 172. 6, 
48 

ignoras 5, 125. 6, 43 
ignoscite 1, 1 1 
ignotus 4, 34 
ignovisse 2, 24 
ilex 2, 24 
ilia 4, 43 
Iliade 1, 123 
Ilias 1, 50 
illita 3, 53 
illud 2, 55. 4, 9 twice 
ilium 3, 105 
imagines P. 5 
imitari 1, 59 
immejat 6, 73 
immittere 2, 62 
immurmurat 2, 9 
imo^, 51 
impallescere 5, 62 
impellere 2, 21 
impellit 5, 128 
impello 2, 13 
impensius 6, 68 
imperio 5, 158 
implerunt 1, 99 
imprimit 1 , 37 
improbe 4, 47 
improbum 1, 6 
impulit 2, 59 
impune 5, 32 
impunitior 5, 130 
imus 3, 41 42 
inane 1, 1 
inanes 2, 61 
inclusi 1, 13 
incolumis 6, 37 
incoctum 2, 74 
increpuit 5, 127 
increvit 3, 32 
incurvasse 1,91 
incusanue 2, 52 
incussere 5, 187 
inde 1, 126. 5, 153 
indomitum 3, 3 
induco 6, 49 
induit 1, 74 
indulge 5, 151 
indulges 1, 41 
indulget 5, 57 
induto 3, 106 
inepte 5, 12 
ineptus 5, 175 
inexpertum 3, 32 
infami 2, 33 
infelix 3, 43. 6, 13 
inflantes 5, 187 
infodiam 1, 120 
infundere 1, 79 
infusa 3, 13 



Habes 4, 44 

habet 1, 50 121. 3, 

70. 5, 176 
habita 4, 52 
hac 2, 63 
hsec 2, 64 65 &c. 
haereat 5, 121 
haeres 2, 19 
halitus 3, 89 
hamo 5, 154 
haud 2, 6. 3, 36 52 

1 14. 4, 19. 6, 58 
haud mora 5, 171 
hebenurn 5, 135 
hederae P. 6 
Helicone 5, 7 
Heliconidasque P. 4 
3 



I 4, 19. 5, 126 

jaces 2, 27 
jacet 6, 29 
jactare 4, 15 
jactat 5, 175 
jam 2,49 twice 50 &c. 
jam dudum 3, 6 
jamjam 2, 50 
jamne 6, 2 
jampridem 3, 97 
jamque 6, 30 
Jane 1, 58 
idcirco 2, 28 
idem 5, 66 
ideo 6, 23 
idonea 5, 20 
jecore 1, 25. 5, 129 
Y 



630 



VERBAL INDEX 



ingeminatl, 102. S, 
87 

ingemit 4, 30 
ingemuere 5, 61 
ingeniquc P. 10 
ingenium 3, 37. 4, 4 
ingens 5, 190. 6, 7 
ingentes 1, 20. 6, 30 
ingentesque 6, 47 
ingenuo 5, 16 
ingere 5, 177 
ingeris 5, 6 
inguine 5, 4. 6, 72 
inguinibus 4, 38 
inhibere 2, 34 
iniquas 1 , 130 
innata est 1, 25 
inodora 6, 35 
inopi 6, 32 
inop<; 6, 28 
inquis I, 55 112. G, 
51 

inquit5,85 132 133 
insana 3, 5 
insane 5, 143 
inscitia 5, 99 
inseris 5, 63 
insignem 6, 44 
insomnis 3, 54 
inspice 3, 88 89 
instantique 5, 157 
instat 5, 133 
insulso 5, 9 
intabescantque 3, 38 
integer 5, 173 
intendis 5, 13 
intendisse 6, 4 
intendit 2, 49 
intepet 6, 7 
intima 1,21 
intortos 5, 38 
intrant 1, 21 
intrat 3, 2. 5, 128 
introrsum 2, 9 
intumuit 5, 145 
intus 1, 24 50. 3, 
30 42. 5, 129 

inventus 6, 80 

invideas 3, 73 

invigilat 3, 55 
jocos 6, 5 

lonio 6, 29 

Jove 2, 18. 5, 50 
114 139 

Jovemque 2, 43 

Jovis 2, 21 

ira3, 116. 5, 91 

iratis 4, 27 

iratum I, 124 

iratus3, 18. 6, 34 

irriguo 5, 56 



irrorans 6, 21 
ista 4, 41 
istas 3, 19 
iste 6, 71 
istuc 1, 81 
istud 3, 94 
ita 6, 38 
ila est 5, 81 
Italis 5, 54 
Italo 1, 129 
itane 3, 7 
iter 5, 34 
jubente 2, 26 
jubeo 5, 161 
jubet 6, 10 
judex 2, 20 
judice 5, 80 
jugutn 4, 28 
junctura 1, 65 92. 

5, 14 
junicum 2, 47 
Jupiter 2,22 23 twice 

29 40. 5, 137 
jura 5, 137 
jure 3, 48 
juret 3. 118 
jus 2, 73. 5, 176 
jussit 2, 67. 3, 72. 

5, 89 
jussus 3, 90 
justum 4, 9 10 
juvat 1, 112. 6, 6. 

5, 24 62 
juvenci 3, 39 
juvenes 6, 5 
juvenesque 5, 64 
juvenum 5, 63 
juventus 3, 54 86 
juxta 6, 52 

L. 

Laoe 3, 25 
labefactent 4, 40 
labella 2, 32 
labello 3, 82 
labentes 2, 2 
Labeonem 1, 4 
laborat 5, 39 
laboro 2, 17 
labia P. 1. 5, 184 
labris 1, 105. 3, 102 
lacerae 6, 31 
lacerna 1 , 54 
lactibus 2, 30 
lsena 1, 32 
lossum 5, 148 
laetari 2, 54 
la?vo 2, 53 
lagena 3, 92. 6, 17 
lallare 3, 18 



lambunt P. 5 
lampada 6, 61 
lance 2, 71. 4, 10 
lapidosa 5, 58 
lapillo 2, 1 
laquearibus 3, 40 
lare 5, 109 
large 5, 177 
largior 6, 51 
largire 6, 32 
largitor P. 10 
laribus 5, 31 
latet 3, 113. 5, 29 
Latinao 6, 4 
lato 4, 44 
latus 6, 7 76 
lavatur 3, 98 
laudanda 3, 46 
laudant 1, 38 
laudare 1,71 
laudari 1, 47 
laudatur 1, 87 
laurus 6, 43 
lautus 6, 23 
laxa 1, 98 
laxamus 5, 44 

laxes 5, 1 10 

laxis3, 102 
laxuinque 3, 58 

lectis 1, 52 

lecto 3, 104 

lector 1, 126 

legarat 6, 66 

legendum 1 , 98 

legens 1, 17 

leget 1, 2 

legunto 5, 7 

lemures 5, 185 

lenia 3, 93 

lente 3, 99 

lethi 5, 153 

lcve 1, 64 

levior 1, 37 

levis 1, 82 

lex 5, 98 

libabit 2, 5 

libelle 1, 120 

liber 1, 13 76. ! 
10. 5, 83 124 

liberior 5, 85 

liberque 5, 114 

libertas 5, 82 

libertate 5, 73 

libertis 6, 23 

libido 3, 36 

libra 5, 47 

libra? 4, 11 

librat 1, 86 

liceat 5, 89 97 

licet 4, 39. 5, I 
twice 87 



licetur 5, 191 

Licini 2, 36 

lictor 1,71. 5, 175 

Ligus 6, 6 

limen 5, 165 

limina 1, 109 

limite 3, 57 

limo 3, 22 

limum 4, 29 

linea 3, 4 

lingua 2, 9 

lingua? 1, 60. 5, 25 

linguas 1, 81. 5, 2 

linquere 1, 43 

lippa 2, 72 

lippos 1 , 79 

lippus 5, 77 

liquescant 2, r 47 

liquido 1, 17 

litabis 5, 120 

litabo 2, 75 

litera 1, 110. 3, 56 

littore 6, 29 

littus 6, 8 

locat 6, 47 

locatus es 3, 72 

locuplete 3, 74 

locus 1, 113 

locuturi 5, 7 

locutus 1, 33 42 

longa 5, 160 

longo 1, 95 

longos 5, 41 

loquendi 1, 80 

loquere 4, 8 

loquimur 5, 21 

loquor 5, 153 

loturo 3, 93 

lotus 5, 86 

lubrica 5, 135 

luce 6, 69 

lucemque 5, GO 

lucerna; 5, 181 

luciferi 5, 103 

Lucilius 1, 114 

lucis 2, 27 

lucro 6, 75 
!, luctata 5, 159 

luctificabile 1, 78 

lucum 1, 70 

ludere 1, 127 

ludit 1, 117 

luditur 3, 20 

ludo 5, 16 

lumbi 4, 35 

lumbnm 1, 20 

lumine 3, 2 80 

Lunai portuin 6, 9 

Lupe 1, 115 
4 lusca 5, 186 

lusce 1, 128 



TO PERSIUS. 



531 



lusco 1, 128 
lusisse 6, 6 
lustralibus 2, 33 
lutatus 3, 104 
lutea 3, 95. 6, 46 
luto 5, 111 
lutoque 3, 61 
lutum 3, 23 
lux 5, 67 
luxum 1, 67 
luxuria 5, 142 
lympha 3, 13 
lyncem 1, 101 
lyra 6, 2 

M. 

Macram 2, 35 
Macrine 2, 1 
mamaque 3, 76 
Maenas 1, 101 105 
Maeonides 6, 11 
magis 3, 39 40 
magister P. 10 
magistro 3, 46 
magistrum 4, 1 
magna 2, 71 
magnanimus 6, 22 
magne 3, 35 
magni 2, 72. 4, 3 
magnos 3, 65 
magnum 5, 66 
majestate 4, 8 
major 6, 60 
majore 3, 92 
majorum 1, 108 
male 4, 9 
maligne 3, 21 
malis 3, 59 
mamma? 3, 18 
mando 2, 39 
mane 1, 134. 2, 16. 

3, 1. 5, 132 188 
manes, noun, 5, 152 
manet 6, 54 
manibus 1, 38, 2, 

35. 3, 101 
Manius 6, 56 60 
mansuescit 4, 41 
mantica 4, 24 
manus 1, 59. 3, 11. 

4, 8 

raanusque 3, 108 
Marce 5, 81 
marcentes 4, 36 
Marco 5, 79 80 
Marcus 5, 79 81 
mare 5, 146. 6, 7 
marem 6, 4 
maris 6, 39 
Marsi 3, 75 



mascula 5, 144 
massa 5, 10 
massa? 2, 67 
Masuri 5, 90 
matertera 2, 31. 6, 
54 

mavis 4, 45 

mavult 5, 56 

maxillis 4, 37 

medendi 5, 101 

medico 3, 90 

Medis 3, 53 

meditantes 3, 83 

meditor 5, 162 

mejite 1, 1 14 

Melicerta5, 103 

melior 4, 16 

meliore 2, 1 

membrana 3, 10 

membris 3, 115 

memini P. 3. 3, 44. 
5, 41 

meminisse 5, 179 

memor 5, 153 

men 1, 88 119 

mendax 5, 77 

mendose 5, 85 

mendosum 5, 106 

mens 2, 8 
mensa 5, 44 
mensasque 5, 17 
raentes 5, 35 
mentis 2, 74 
mephites 3, 99 
mera 5, 82 
meracas 4, 16 
mercare 6, 75 
mercede 2, 29 
merces 6, 67 
mercibus 5, 54 
Mercurialem 5, 112 
Mercuriumque 2, 44 
Mercurius 6, 62 
mergis, verb, 2, 15 
mergis, noun, 6, 30 
meruisse 1, 42 
merum 2, 3 
Messalae 2, 72 
messe 6, 25 
messes 3, 5 
metae 3, 68 
metas 1, 131 
metuam I, 47 
metuas 3, 26. 6, 41 
metuens 2, 31. 4,29 
metuentia 1, 43 
metuis 6, 26 
metus 5, 131 
mille 5, 52 
millesime 3, 28 
milvus 4, 26 



Mimalloneis 1, 99 
min 1 , 2 
minimum 2, 17 
minuas 6, 37 
minui 6, 16 64 
minutum 3, 17 
miiae 1, 111 
mire 6, 3 
miscere 5, 122 
miser 3, 15 twice 107 
miserabile 1, 3 
miseri 3, 66 
miserisque 5, 65 
missa est 6, 43 
mittit 2, 36 
mittunt 2, 57 
mobile 1, 18 
mobilis 1, 59 
modesto 5, 149 
modice 3, 92 
modico 5, 15 
modicum 3, 25 
modicus 5, 109 
modo 1, 44 69 
modus 3, 69 
moesto 5, 3 
molle 3, 23 110 
molli 1, 63 
mollis 3, 68 
momento 5, 78 
moneat 5, 143 
monitus 1, 79 
monstrari 1 , 28 
monstravit 3, 57 
montes 3, 65 
monimenta 3, 75 
morantur 2, 43 
morbo 3, 64 
mordaci 1, 107. 5, 
36 

mordens 4, 30 
more 1, 19 
morem 3, 31 
mores 1, 26 67. 2, 
62. 3, 52. 4, 35. 

5, 15 38 
moretur 1, 77 
morientis 4, 32 
morituri 3, 45 
moror 1,111 
morosa 6, 72 
mos 5, 1 
moveare 5, 123 
moveat 1, 88 
moverit 3, 37 
moves 5, 184 
mox5, 108. 6, 5 
Muci 1, 115 
multa 3, 73. 4, 49. 

6, 8 

multum 1,132. 3,46 



multumque 3, 86 
mundi 6, 76 
munera 4, 51 
muria 6, 20 
murice*2, 65 
murmura 3, 81 
murmure 5, 11 
murmurque 2, 6 
musa 1, 68 
mutat 2, 60. 5, 54 
mutire 1, 119 
Mycenis 5, 17 

N. 

Namque 2, 13 

nare 1, 33 109 

naribus 1, 41 

nascentur 1, 40 

nascuntur 5, 130 

naso 1, 118. 3, 87. 
5, 91.6, 17 

nata 5, 48 

natalibus 6, 19 

natalitia 1 , 16 

natat 1, 105. 5, 183 

nates 4, 40 

Nattae 3, 31 

natura 5, 101 

naturaque 5, 98 

navem 5, 141 

naufragus 1, 88 

navim 5, 102 

nebulam 5, 181 

nebulas 5, 7 

nec P. 1 2. l,7&c. 

nectar P. 14 
nefas 1, 119. 5, 122 

negaris 5, 157 
negas 5, 133 
negatas P. 1 1 
negato 2, 39 
negliget 6, 34 
nemo 1,2 twice 3. 4, 

23 twice 
nemon 3, 8 
nempe 2, 70. 3, 1. 

5, 67 
nepos 6, 71 
neque 1, 19. 5, 10 

&c. 
nequeas 2, 4 
nequicquam 2, 51. 

4, 14 50 
Nerea 1, 94 
Nerio2, 14 
nervis 2, 41 
nervos 4, 45.5, 129 
nescio 5, 51 
nescio quid 3, 88. 

5, 12 



532 



VERBAL INDEX 



nescire 6, 36 
nescit 3, 33 
nescius 5, 34 101 
neu 3, 51, 6,66 
nigra 3, 13 
nigri 5, 185 
nigrum 4, 13 
nihilo 1, 30.3, 84 
nihilum 3, 84. 6, 
55 

nilne 1, 83 
nimis 1, 40 
niti 5, 6 
nocte 1, 90 
noctem 2, 16 
noctes 5, 42 
nocturnis 5, 62 
nodosaque 3, 1 1 
nodum 5, 159 
nollem 3, 45 
nolo 1,11 
nonne 1, 96 
non queo 5, 133 
non seeds ac si 1, 66 
nonaria 1, 133 
nondum 3, 76 
noris 4, 52. 5, 18 
nosse 6, 24 
nostin 4, 25 
nostra P. 9. 5, 47 
178 

nostne 5, 22 115 
nostro 1, 68. 5, 50. 

6, 14 
nostros 2, 62 
nostrum P. 7.5, 151. 

6, 39 
notasti 5, 108 
novi 3, 30 
novimus 4, 43 
nox 3, 91 
nucibus 1, 10 
nugae 1, 5 
nugari 1, 70 
nugaris 1 , 56. 5, 169 
nugator 5, 127 
nugis 5,19 
nulla 1, 58 122. 6, 

52 53 54 
nullo5, 120 
num 6, 43 
Numae2, 59 
numera 2, 1 
numeris 1, 92. 6, 3 
numero 1, 64 
numeros 1, 13 131. 

5, 123 
nummi P. 12. 5, 149 
nummo 4, 47 
nummos 5, 80 
nummum 5, 111 



nummus 2, 51.3, 70 
nusquam 1,119 
nutnei 2, 39 
nutrieras 5, 150 



O. 

O bone 2, 22. 6, 43 
o curas horn. 1 , 1 
o curvae, &c. 2, 61 
o Jane 1, 58 
o miser 3, 15 
o miseri 3, 66 
o mores 1 , 26 
o si 2, 9 10 
ob 6, 16 44 48 
obba 5, 148 
oberres 5, 156 
oberret 4, 26. 6, 32 
objurgabere 5, 169 
obscoenum 5, 165 
obsequio 5, 156 
obstat 5, 141 
obstem 5, 163 
obstipo capite 3, 80 
obstiteris 5, 157 
obvia6,30 
occa 6, 26 
occipiti 1, 62 
occurrite 1, 62. 3, 64 
ocello 1, 18 
ocius 2, 24. 3, 7. 

5, 141 
oculi 3, 1 17 
oculo I, 66 
oculos 2, 34. 3, 44. 

5, 33 
ocyma 4, 22 
cenophorum 5, 140 
offas 5, 5 

officia 5, 94 
officium 6, 27 
ohe 1, 24 
oletum 1, 112 
oleum 6, 50 
olim 6, 71 
olivo 2, 64.3, 44 
olla 4, 31.5, 8 
olus 3, 112. 6, 20 
omenta 2, 47 
omento 6, 74 
omne 1, 116. 3, 6. 

6, 76 
omnem 6, 28 
omnes 1, 1 1 1. 6, 14 
omnia 1,110 
opem 2, 41 

operas 6, 9 
opertum 1, 121 
opifex 6, 3 



opimo 2, 48 
opimum 3, 32 
oportet 5, 155 
optare 5, 2 
optent 2, 37 
optes 1, 84 
opus 1, 67. 3, 65. 

5,43 
opus est 5, 73 
ora 5, 2. 6, 6 
orbis 2, 20 
orca 3, 76 
orcas 3, 50 
ordo 3, 67 
ore 3, 113. 5, 15 
Orestes 3, 118 
orti 6, 15 
os 1, 42 
oscitat 3, 59 
ossa 1,37. 6, 35 
ostendisse 5, 24 
ova to 2, 55 
ovium 2, 26 
ovoquo 5, 185 



Pacto 4, 43 
Pacuviusque 1, 77 
pagina 5, 20 
palajsti itae 4, 39 
palato 1 , 35 
Palilia 1, 72 
palleat 4, 43 
pallentes 5, 15 
pallentis 5, 55 
palles 1, 124. 3, 85 

94 96. 4, 47. 5, 

80 184 
pallidamque P. 4 
pallor 1, 26 
palmis 6, 39 
palpo 5, 176 
pal umbo 3, 16 
palustrem 5, 60 
pandere 4, 36 
pannosam 4, 32 
pannucea 4, 21 
papae 5, 79 
pappare 3, 17 
par 5, 6 
paratum 1, 90 
paratus 1, 132. 6, 

36 

Parca 5, 48 
parere 5, 158 
paria 6, 48 
pariter 5, 43 
Parnasso P. 2 
pars 2, 5. 5, 23 160 



parte 3, 72 
Parthi 5, 4. 
parvum 5, 120 
parvus 3, 44 
passim 3, 61 
pasta 3, 55 
patella 3, 26. 4, 17 
pater 3, 35 47. 6, 
58 

paterna 6, 66 

paterni 1, 103 

paterno 3, 24 

patina? 2, 42. 6, 21 

patranti 1,18 

patres 1, 79 

patriae 3, 70 

patriam 5, 164 

patricia? 6, 73 

patricius 1 , 61 

patruelis 6, 58 

patrui 6, 54 

patruos 1,11 

patruus 2, 10 

patula 3, 6 

pavido 5, 30 

paulo 5, 1 15 

paulum5, 69. 6,42 

pavone 6, 1 1 

peccas 5,119 

peccat 2, 68 twice 

peccent 6, 36 

pecori 6, 13 

pectas 4, 37 

pectine 6, 2 
pectore2,53. 3,107. 

5,27 117 144 
pectus 2, 74. 3, 88 
pecuaria 3, 9 
pecunia 3, 109 
pecus2, 46. 3, 6 
pede 1, 13. 4, 12 
pedes 3, 108 
pedibus 5, 18 
Pedio 1, 85 
Pedius 1, 85 
Pegaseium P. 14 
pejoribus 6, 15 
pelle 4, 14 
pellem 5, 140 
pellere 1, 84 
pelliculam 5, 116 
pellis 3, 95 
penates 2, 45 
pendas 1, 30 
pendeat 3, 12 
pendens 3, 40 
penem 4, 48 
penemque 4, 35 
penu 3, 74 
pependit 5, 31 
perages 5, 139 



TO PERSIUS. 



533 



peragit 6, 22 
percussa 3, 21 
percute 5, 168 
perdat 3, 33 
perditus 1, 23 
perducis 2, 56 
pergant 5, J 50 
perge 3, 97 
Pericli 4, 3 
pericula 1, 83. 5, 

185 
perisse5, 103 
perita 2, 34 
permisit 5, 33 
permiUere 5, 94 
pernse 3, 75 
peronatus 5, 102 
pertusa 4, 28 
pes 3, 62 
pessime 2, 46 
petis 5, 149 
petite 5, 64 
petulans 1, 133 
petulanti 1, 12 
pexusque 1, 15 
phaleras 3, 30 
Phyllidas 1, 34 
picas P. 13 
picasque P. 9 
pice 5, 148 
pictae 5, 25 
pictum 1, 89 
pictus 6, 32 
piger 5, 132 
pilea 5, 82 
pilos 4, 5 
pinge 1, 113 
pingitur 6, 63 
pingue 3, 33 
pinguem 5, 181 
pingues 2, 42. 6, 77 
pingui 1, 96, 2, 52 
pinguibus 3, 74 
pinguior 6, 14 
pinguis 1, 57 
pinsit 1, 58 
piper 3, 75. 5, 55 

136. 6, 21 
pipere 6, 39 
Pirenen P. 4 
pituita 2, 57 
plantaria 4, 39 
plasmate 1, 17 
plaudentibus 4, 31 
plausisse 6, 77 
plebecula 4, 6 
plebeia 3, 114 
plebeiaque 5, 18 
plorabile 1, 34 
plorabit 1, 91. 5, 

168 



pluteum 1, 106 
pocula 1, 30 
poemata 1, 31 
poeta P. 3. 1, 75 
poe'tae 1, 36 68 
poetas P. 13 
poetrias P. 13 
polenta 3, 55 
politus 5, 116 
pollice 5, 40. 6, 5 
Polydamas 1, 4 
ponatur 6, 3 
pondus 5, 20 
pone 3, 107 
ponere 1, 70. 5, 

53. 6, 23 
pontifices 2, 69 
Ponto 5, 134 
popa 6, 74 
popello 4, 15. 6, 50 
populi 1, 42 63. 3, 

112. 4, 1 
populo 1, 15. 4, 36 

50. 5, 178 
populum 1, 118. 3, 

30 86 
porci 1 , 72 
portam 3, 105 
porta ntes 5, 182 
portes 1, 90 
porticus 3, 54 
portum 6, 9 
poscas 2, 15 
poscat 5, 102 
poscentes 3, 64 
poscere 5, 1 
poscis 2, 3 41. 3, 

18. 6, 61 
poscit 1, 128 
positis 3, 10 
positum est 3, 111 
posse 1, 83. 3, 84 
possidet 5, 75 
possint 5, 178 
possis 5, 111 
possit 2, 72 
post 1,134 
posterior 5, 72 
postibus 6, 45 
posticae 1, 62 
postquam 3, 90. 5, 

88. 6, 10 38 
posuisse 1, 86 
pote 1, 56 
potes 4, 46 
potior 2, 20 
potis es 4, 13 
potius 3, 16 
praebemus 4, 42 
praebet 2, 28 
praecedenti 4, 24 



praecipites 3, 42 
praecipui 2, 58 
praaclarum 2, 10 
praecordial, 117.5, 
22 

praedia 4, 25 
praedictum 5, 188 
praefigere 4, 13 
praegrandi 1, 124 
praelargus 1,14 
praeparet 6, 12 
praaponere 2, 18 
praestantior 6, 76 
praesto 6, 56 
praetegit 4, 45 
praeteritos 5, 162 
praetore 5, 88 
praetoribus 5, 114 
prsetoris 5, 93 
praetrepidum 2, 54 
praetulerint 1, 5 
prandeat 3, 85 
prandia 1, 67 134. 

5, 18 
prece 2, 3 
premis 5, 11 
premitur 5, 39 
prendit 6, 23 
presso 5, 109 
prima 3, 76 
primas5, 42 
primordia 6, 3 
primum 5, 30 
primus 5, 136 
prior 6, 61 
prius 5, 108 
pro nihilo 1, 30 
probo, noun, 1, 19 
proceres 1, 52 
procerum 2, 5 
Procnes 5, 8 
prodirem P. 3 
producis 6, 19 
progenies 6, 57 
proh 2, 22 
prohibes 6, 51 
prolui P. 1 
promittere 3, 65 
prompte 6, 58 
promptum 2, 6 
proneptis 6, 53 
propago 2, 72 
prope 4, 34. 5, 70. 

6, 60 
propenso 1 , 57 
properandus 3, 23 
propinquis 3, 70 
propria 6, 25 
protinus 1, 110 
protulerim 1, 89 
proxima 3, 43 



proximus 2, 12 
prudentia 4, 4 
psiltaco P. 8 
pubis 6, 44 
publica 5,98 
Publius 5, 74 
pudet 1, 83. 3, 31 
puella 3, 110 
puellae 2, 37 
puer5,126167169. 

6, 22 69 
pueri 1, 1 13 
pueris 1, 79. 3, 17. 

4, 31. 5, 140 
puerisve 2, 20 
puerum 2, 32 
pulcrius 5, 179 
pulcrum est 1, 28 
pulmentaria 3, 102 
pulmo 1, 14 
pulmone 2, 30. 5, 

92 

pulmonem 3, 27 
pulpa 2, 63 
pulsa 5, 24 
pultes 6, 40 
pulvere 1, 131. 2, 
67 

puncto 5, 100 
punire 3, 35 
pupille 4, 3 
pupillum 2, 12 
puppae 2, 70 
puppe 6, 30 
pura 5, 28 
purgas 2, 16 
purgatas 5, 63 
purgatissima 2, 57 
purpura 5, 30 
purpureas 3, 41 
purum 3, 25 
puta 4, 9 
putas 2, 24 
puteal 4, 49 
putet 3, 73 
putre 3, 114 
putris 5, 58 
Pythagoreo 6, 1 1 



Q. 

Qua 3, 68 
quaecumque 1, 10 
quseque 3, 53. 5, 

107 
quaere 6, 57 
quaerere 6, 65 
quaerimus 5, 174 
quaerisne 1, 80 
quaerunt 1, 30 



534 



VERBAL INDEX 



quaesieris 4, 25 
quaesiveris 1, 7 
quam 5, 145 175 
quam 2, 25. 3, 42. 

4, 52 
quamvis 2, 40. 5, 

70 twice 
quando 1, 46 
quandoque 4, 28 
quantaque 5, 22 
quantas 5, 5 
quantum 1, 1 60. 

3, 49 71. 4, 26. 

5, 27 

quare 1, 3. 4, 38 
quarto 6, 78 
quartus 6, 57 
quasi 5, 66 
quatit 2, 35 
querela 1,91 
queritur 3, 12 14 
qui 5, 130 
qui pote 1, 56 
quincunce 5, 149 
quinque 4, 39 
quinta 3, 4 
Quinti 1, 73 
Quintus 6, 1 1 
quippe 1, 88 
Quiritem 5, 75 
Quirites3, 106. 4,8 
quisquam 1, 112. 5, 
83 

quisque 5, 73 
quisquis 1, 44. 6, 42 
quo 1,24.3,60 62. 

5, 143 twice 
quo fretus 4, 3 
quo pacto 2, 46 
quondam 6, 65 
quorsum 5, 5 
quorum P. 5 
quos 5, 149 

R. 

Rabiosa3, 81 
radere 1, 107. 3, 

114. 5, 15 
raderet 3, 50 
ramale 1, 97 
ramalia 5, 59 
ramos 3, 56 
ramosa 5, 35 
ramum 3, 28 
rancidulum 1, 33 
rapiant 2, 38 
rapias 5, 142 
rapidas 5, 94 
raptum 1, 100 



rara 1, 46 
rasis 1, 85 
rasisse 2, 66 
rastro 2, 11 
ratio 5, 96 119 
ratione 3, 36. 5, 39 
ratis 6, 31 
raucus 5, 11 
recens 5, 136 
recenti 1, 15. 5, 54 
receptat 6, 8 
recessi 5, 88 
recessus 2, 73 
recti 1, 41. 5, 121 
rectius 4, 9 
recto 5, 104 
rectum 4, 11 
recusas3, 18.5, 79 
recusem 6, 15 
recuset 1,41 
recuso 1, 48 
recutiiaque 5, 184 
redit 6, 79 
reduco 5, 118 
refulserit P. 12 
regina 2, 37 
regula 4, 12. 5, 38 
regum 1, 67. 3, 17. 

6, 46 
regustatum 5, 138 
relaxat 5, 125 
relicta3,38. 5, 168 
relictam 5, 61 
relictis 1, 10. 6, 63 
relinque 5, 17 
reliqua 5, 87. 6, 53 
reliquum6,68 twice 
remitto P. 5 
Remus 1, 73 
renuis 6, 63 
reparabilis 1, 102 
repente P. 3 
repeto 5, 118 
repone 6, 66 
requiem 5, 43 
requiescere 3, 90 
resignent 5, 28 
responde 2, 17 
respondeat 4, 19 
respondet 3, 22 
respue 4, 51 
restas 3, 97 
retecti 3, 101 
retines 5, 116 
revello 5, 92 
reverti 3, 84 
rex 2, 37 
Rhenos 6, 47 
rhombos 6, 23 
ridenti 1, 116 
ridere 1, 122 



rides 1, 40 
ridet 3, 86. 5, 190 
rigida 6, 77 
rigidos 3, 105 
rimas 3, 2 
risisse 1, 132 
rite 3, 111 
ritu 6, 59 
rixanti 5, 178 
robusti 5, 5 
rodere 5, 170 
rodunt 3, 81 
rogarit 2, 40 
rogavit 3, 93 
rogitas 5, 134 
Roma I, 5 
Romae 1, 8 
Romule 1, 87 
Romulidaa 1,31 
rosa 2, 38 
rota 3, 24. 5, 72 
rubellum 5, 147 
rubra 5, 169 
rubrica 5, 90 
rubricam 1, 66 
rubrumque 5, 182 
rudere 3, 9 
rudis 5, 103 
rugam 6, 79 
rugosaque 5, 91 
rugosum 5, 55 
ruis5, 143 
rumore 5, 164 
rumpere 3, 27. 5, 
13 

runcantem 4, 36 
rupi 5, 158 
rupta 6, 27 
rupto 1, 25. 5, 185 
rure 3, 24 
rursus 3, 34 
rus 1, 71 



S. 

Sabbata 5, 184 
Sabino 6, 1 
sacer 1, 113 
sacerdos 5, 186 
sacra P. 7 
sacras 2, 55 
sacro 2, 25 69 
sacrum 6, 21 
saepe 3, 44. 5, 9 
saevos 3, 35 
sagittis 4, 42 
sale 4, 30 

salinum 3, 25. 5, 

138 
salit 3, 111 



saliva 1, 104 
salivam 5, 112. 6, 
24 

salivis 2, 33 
salutas 3, 29 
sambucam 5, 95 
Samios 3, 56 
sancte 2, 15 
sanctosque 2, 73 
sanguis 1, 61. 3, 

116 
sani 3, 118 
sanna 5, 91 
sanna?. 1, 62 
sano 3, 46 
sanus 3, 118 
saperdam 5, 134 
sapere 6, 38 
sapias 5, 167 
sapiat 4, 21 
sapiens 3, 53. 5, 

114 
sapimus 1,11 
sapio 3, 78 
sapit 1, 106 
sardonyche I, 16 
sartago 1, 80 
satis 3, 27 78 
satur 5, 56. 6, 71 
saturi 1, 31 
Saturniaque 2, 59 
Saturnumque 5, 50 
saturum 1 , 71 
satyri 5, 123 
saxa 6, 27 
scabiosum 5, 74 
scabiosus 2, 13 
scalpuntur 1, 21 
scelerata 2, 63 
sciat 1, 27 
scilicet 1, 15. 2, 19. 

4, 4 
scinderis 5, 154 
scintillant 3, 117 
scire 1, 27. 2, 17. 

3, 49 
scis 1, 53 54. 4, 10 
scit 1, 65 132 
scombros 1, 43 
scopuli 6, 8 
scribimus 1,13 
scribitur 1 , 53 
scribo 1, 45 
scrobe 1 , 119 
scutica 5, 131 
secretam 5, 96 
secreti 5, 21 
sectabere 5, 71 
secto 1, 131 
secuit 1,114 
secum 3, 81 



TO PERSIUS. 



535 



secundo 5, 72 
secura 3, 26 
securus 3, 62. 6, 12 
13 

secus 1, 66 
sede i, 17 
seductior 6, 42 
seductis 2, 4 
seductum 5, 143 
seges 6, 26 
semel I, 24. 5, 157 
semipaganus P. 6 
semper 4, 18. 5, 
69 

semuncia 5, 121 
sene 1, 124 
senectae 2, 11 
senes 5, 179. 6, 6 
senesque 5, 64 
senio 3, 48 
senio 6, 16 
seniumque 1, 26 
sensus 1, 69 
sentis 2, 18 
sepell 3, 97 
sepia 3, 13 
sequaces P. 6 
sequenda 5, 107 
sequeris 3, 61. 5, 

14 155 
sequi P. 11 
serena 1, 19 
seri 5, 61 

seria, adjective, 5, 44 
SQT\a., substantive, 2, 1 1 
seriolaB 4, 29 
sermo 1, 63 
servas5, 117 
servitiura 5, 127 
sesquipede 1, 57 
sessilis 5, 148 
severos 1 , 64 
siccas 3, 5 
siccis 5, 163 
siccum 6, 20 
Siculi 3, 39 
sidere 5, 46 
signum 6, 17 
silentia 3, 81. 4, 7 
siliquis 3, 55 
similis 3, 17 
sinciput 6, 70 
sine 3, 25. 6, 16 
singultiet 6. 72 
sinistro 4, 27. 5,164 
sinu 5, 37 
sinuoso 5, 27 
sis 1, 108 
sistam 6, 79 
sistro 5, 186 



sitiat 1, 60 
sitiente 3, 92. 5, 
136 

Socratico 5, 37 
sodes 3, 89 
sole 4, 18. 5, 54 
solea 5, 169 
solem 4, 33 
solers 5, 37 142. 

6, 24 75 
soles, noun, 5, 41 
solidum 5, 25 
solis 6, 19 
solitos 1, 70 
Solones 3, 79 
soluta 3, 58 
somnia 2, 57. 3, 83 
somniasse P. 3 
somno 5, 56 
sonat 1, 109. 3, 21 
sorbere 4, 16. 5, 

112 
sorbet 4, 32 
sorbitio 4, 2 
sordidus 1, 128 
sparsisse 5, 33 
speciera 5, 105 
species 5, 52 
spectatur 4, 24 
spem 2, 35 
spes P. 12 
spirent 6, 35 
splene 1, 12 
spondente 5, 79 
spumosum 1, 96 
Stadius 6, 68 
StaVo 2, 19 22 
state 5, 96 
stemmate 3, 28 
steriles 5, 75 
sterilis 6, 54 
stertimus 3, 3 
stertis 3, 78 132 
stloppo 5, 13 
Stoicus 5, 86 
stolidam 2, 28 
strepitum 6, 4 
strigiles 5, 126 131 
stringere 2, 66 
struere 2, 44 
studeam 3, 19 
studeo 5, 19 
stultis 5, 93 121 
stupet 3, 32 
stuppas 5, 135 
subaerato 5, 106 
subdite 5, 124 
subduximus 1, 95 
subeas 5, 155 
subere 1, 97 



subiere 3, 106, 
subiit 2, 55 
subit 3, 100. 4, 12 
subrisit 3, 110 
subsellia 1, 82 
subter 3, 41. 4, 43 
Subura 5, 32 
succinis 3, 20 
succinctis 5, 31 
succinctus 5, 140 
sudans 3, 47 
sudare 5, 150 
sudes 2, 53 
sufficiat 3, 4 
suffla 4, 20 
sulcoque 1, 73 
sulfure 2, 25 
sulfureas 3, 99 
sumen 1, 53 
sumis 5, 124 
summa 1, 104. 3, 

34. 4, 14 17 
summae 6, 64 
summosque 3, 108 
summum 3, 48 
sumtus 6, 67 
supellex 4, 52 
superbo 1, 100 
superest 6, 55 
superis 2, 71 
superos 2, 43 
supinus 1, 129 
supplantat 1, 35 
supplice 2, 35 
supplicat 5, 173 
supposita 3, 1 16 
supposui 5, 36 
supra 5, 118 
surdSque 6, 28 
surdum 6, 35 
surge 5, 132 133 

thrice 
surgentem 3, 57 
surgit 3, 95 
Surrentina 3, 93 
suscipis 5, 36 
suspendere 1, 118. 

4, 10 
suspendit 5, 47 
suspiret 2, 51 
susurros 2, 6 



T. 

Tabellas 5, 81 
tabula 6, 33 
tacebo 3, 97 
tacendaque 4, 5 
tacita 2, 5 



tacite 3, 95 
tacitus 5, 184 
tali 3, 19 
talo 5, 104 
tangat 4, 34 
tange 3, 107 
tangit 1, 117 
tangitur 3, 4 
tantura 1, 60. 5, 

123 
tectoria 5, 25 
tecum 4, 52. 5, 12 

41 42 
temone 5, 70 
temperat 5, 51 
templis 2, 7 62 75 
tempora 5, 47 
tempore 3, 62 
ten 1, 29 
tenax 5, 48 
tendere 1, 65 
tendis 3, 60. 5, 139 
teneat 5, 99 
teneo 5, 113 
teneras 1, 107 
tenero 1,35. 3, 113 
teneroque 3, 16 
teneros 5, 36 
tenerum 1, 98 
tentas 2, 21 
tentat 4, 23 
tentemus 3, 113 
tenuem 6, 24 
tenui 5, 77 
tenuia 5, 93 
tenus 6, 25 
tepid urn 1, 84 
ter 5, 188 
terque 2, 16 
terebrare 5, 138 
terens I, 73 
tergo 1, 58. 4, 24 
teris 5, 15 
terras 6, 57 59 
terram 3, 80 
terras 2, 61 
terruit 3, 41 
tertia 2, 14. 3, 91 
tesserula 5, 74 
testaque 3, 61 
testiculi 1, 103 
tetigisse 6, 1 7 
tetrico 6, 2 
theta 4, 13 
thure 5, 120 
thus 1, 43. 5, 135 
Thyestai 5, 8 
thynni 5, 183 
Tiberino 2, 15 
timor 3, 115 



536 



VERBAL INDEX 



tincta 3, 37 
tingat 6, 20 
tingebam 3, 44 
tinniat 5, 106 
Titos 1, 20 
togaque 1, 15 
togae 5, 14 
tollat 4, 51 
tolle 5, 87 136 
tollere 2, 7 
tollit 4, 2 
tonat 2, 24 
torosa 3, 86 
torquere 3, 51 
torta 5, 146 
torva 1, 99 
tot 2, 47. 5, 124 
totaque 5, 32 
totum 1, 49. 6, 64 
totumque 5, 28 
totus5, 173 
trabe 1, 89. 5, 141. 

6,27 
trabeate 3, 29 
tractas 4, 1 
tragcedo 5, 3 
traham 5, 28 
trahe 5, 17 
trahitur 5, 160 
trama 6, 73 
transcendere 5, 111 
transilias 5, 146 
transisse 5, 60 
transtro 5, 147 
tremat 6, 74 
tremor 3, 100 
tremulo 1, 21 
tremulos 3, 87 
trepida 1, 74 
trepidare 1, 20. 5, 

170 
trepidas 5, 35 
trepidat3, 88 
trcs 5, 123 
tressis 5, 76 
trientem 3, 100 
triplex 6, 78 
triste 1,9. 2, 27 
trita 1, 54 
Troiades 1, 4 
trossulus 1, 82 
trutina 1, 7 
trutinantur 3, 82 
tuque 2, 25 
tua 5, 23 
tuba 3, 103 
tucetaque 2, 42 
tui 6, 80 
tulit 1, 57 
turn 3, 12. 5, 60 



tumebit 3, 63 
tumet 2, 14. 5, 183 
tumet 5, 13 
turaulo 1, 39 
tun 1, 22. 5, 146 
tune 6, 37 
tunicatum 4, 30 
tuo 5, 40 
turba 6, 42 
turbaj 4, 7 
turbida 1, 5 
turbiuis 5, 78 
turdarum 6, 24 
turgescat 5, 20 
turgescere 5, 56 
turgescit 3, 8 
turgidus 3, 98 
turpe 1, 3 
Tusco 3, 28 
T use urn 2, 60 
tutor 3, 96 
tuus 6, 71 
tyrannos 3, 35 



V. 

Vas 6, 50 

vafer 1, 116 132. 6, 
20 

vago 6, 72 
valle 6, 8 
vanescat 3, 13 
vapida 5, 148. 6,17 
vapido 5, 1 17 
vaporata 1, 126 
vappa 5, 77 
varicosos 5, 189 
varo 4, 12. 6, 18 
vasa 2, 59 
vasta 5, 141 
vatibus 5, 1 
vatum P. 7. 1, 34 
uda 2, 32 
udas 5, 165 
udo 1, 105 
udum 3, 23 
Vectidi 4, 25 
vegrandi 1, 97 
Veientanumque 5, 

147 
Velina 5, 73 
velis, verb, 3, 36. 

5, 170 
vellant 4, 39 
vellat 1, 133 
velle 1, 41. 5, 53 
vellere, verb, 2, 28 
veil us 2, 65 
velox 4, 4 



vena 1, 103. 6, 72 
venas 2, 66. 3, 91 

107 
vende 6, 75 
vendo 1, 122 
veneno 3, 37 
venere 5, 180 
Venerem 5, 58 
Veneri 2, 70 
venerit 1, 81 
venienti 3, 64 
venimus 3, 16 
venio 6, 62 
venit 3, 11. 4, 5 48. 

5, 67. 6, 39 
venosus 1 , 76 
venter P. 11. 6, 74 
ventre 3, 98 
ventis 3, 27 
ventos 5, 1 1 
veratro 1, 51 
verba P. 9. 1, 35. 

3, 19 45 82. 4, 

45. 5, 14 28 
vere 5, 113 
verecunda 5, 44 
veri 5, 48 75 105 
vernae 4, 22 
vero 1, 107 
verrucosa 1, 77 
versu 1, 21 
versum 1, 65 93 
verte 5, 137 
vertentem 5, 71 
verterit 5, 78 
vertigo 5, 76 
verum 1, 55 twice 90 
verumne 3, 7 
Vestalesque 2, 60 
vetat 5, 101. 6, 49 
vetavit 5, 90 
veterem 4, 29. 5, 

116 
veteres 5, 92 
veteris 3, 83. 5, 59 
veterum 6, 3 
vetitos 5, 99 
veto 1, 112 
vetuere 2, 43 
vetule 1, 22 
vetus 1, 97 
viatica 5, 65 
vibice 4, 49 
vicem 4, 42 
vicini 3, 110. 6, 14 
vicinia 4, 46 
vicissim 5, 107 
victuri 3, 67 
vide 1, 108 
videant 3, 38 



videas 1, 19 80. 3, 
94 

videmus 1, 69 
vidi 1, 120 twice 
vidit 3, 91 
vigila 5, 177 
vin 6, 63 
vina 3, 100 
vincere 2, 48 
vincique 5, 39 
vincula 5, 158 
vindicta 5, 88 125 
vino 5, 183 
violae 1, 40 
violas 5, 182 
violens 5, 171 
Virbi 6, 56 
virgine 2, 70 
viri 1, 36 
viridi 3, 22 
virtutem 3, 38 
virum 1, 96 
vis, verb, 1, 56. 2, 

19. 5, 144 
visa est 3, 109 
viso 4, 47 
vitae 5, 34 94 
vitam 5, 61 83 
vitanda 5, 107 
vitiabit 5, 97 
vitiarunt 6, 40 
vitiato 2, 65 
vitio 2, 68. 3, 32. 

4, 13 
vitium 1, 116. 3, 21 
vitrea 3, 8 
vitulo 1, 100 
vive 5, 153. 6,25 
vivere 1,9 61. 2, 7. 

3, 31. 5, 84 87 

104 139 
viveret 1, 104 
vivis 3, 62. 5, 152 
vivitur 4, 43. 5, 

53 

vivo 6, 31 
vivunt 6, 2 
vixisse 4, 17 
vixit 6, 54 
ulcus 3, 113 
ullo 4, 41 
ulmo 3, 6 
ulterior 6, 41 
ultra 3, 15. 5, 69 
ultrd 5, 172 
umbo 5, 33 
umbra 3, 4 
Umbris 3, 74 
una 5, 75 
una 5, 50. 6, 29 



TO PERSIUS. 



537 



uncis 1, 40 
uncta 3, 102. 4, 
17 

unctaque5, 180 
unctis 2, 30. 6, 16 
unctus 4, 33 
unda 3, 34 
undaB 3, 68 
unde 1, 73 80 81. 

5, 124 
undique 8, 59 
unge6, 68 69 
unguem 5, 162 
ungues 1, 65 106 
unguine 6, 40 



uno 1, 66. 5, 46 53 
70 

unum 5, 43. 6, 58 

59 
unus 3, 7 
vocat 6, 27 
voce 1, 19. 5, 28 
voces, noun, P. 11, 

5, 1 26 
vocet 5, 171 
vocum 6, 3 
volet 1, 91 
Volfenius 5, 190 
volo 5, 84 87 
voluit 5, 84 



voluntas 5, r 89 
vomuere 5, 181 
vota 2, 39. 6, 28 
voti 5, 109 
votis 3, 49 
voto 2, 7 35. 5, 53 
urbem 1, 114 
urbi 6, 38 
urentes 2, 34 
urget 6, 37 
urna 5, 145 
urnae 6, 34 
urnas 2, 60 
urtica 6, 70 
usque 1, 26. 6, 15 



usum 5, 94 
usus 5, 52 
utar 6, 22 twice 
utile 3, 70 
utinam 2, 12 
utitur 2, 68 
vulgi 6, 12 
vulnera 5, 4 
vulnus 4, 44 
vulpem 5, 117 
vultum 5, 40 
vulvae 6, 73 
vulvas 4, 36 
uxor 1, 74. 2, 14. 3, 
43 



FINIS. 



BAXTER, PRINTER, OXFORD. 



Lately by the Editor. 



THE HISTORY OF THE PERSIAN WARS, from HERODOTUS ; 
with copious Notes, partly compiled and translated, partly original : 
Examination Questions, Indexes, &c. 2 vols. Price 18s. 

" This is not merely the best, but also the only edition of Herodotus for 

Schools," — Athenaeum. 
" Those passages, which have hitherto prevented this most entertaining 

Historian from being familiarly introduced to school-boys, have been 

most judiciously omitted."- — Monthly Review. 

THE HISTORY of ROME, by TITUS L1VIUS; with English Notes, 
Marginal References, and Various Readings. Vol. II. The Third Decade. 
{To be continued.) 

CONVERSATION ON the Sacrament of THE LORD'S SUPPER, 
between a Minister of the Church of England and some of his 
Parishioners. Price Is. or \0s. per dozen* 

" A plain, full, and explicit account of the nature of the Lord's Supper, and 
the duty of attending it. The arguments are affectionately and 
powerfully urged : and we doubt not that the little book will be 
found extremely useful to the Clergy for the purpose of lending to 
their undecided flock." — Christian Remembrancer. 

" The language of this Tract is very plain, and the earnestness great." — 
British Magazine. 

THE MINISTER OF GOD. An Assize Sermon, preached at St Mary's, 
Oxford, on Sunday, February 28, 1836. With Notes. Price ]s. 6d, 



* 



wm 



mi 



f ^ k f U 





LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




003 091 221 4 £ 



